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Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Technical Series 143 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Technical Series 143 Capacity Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness in the Indian Ocean Status Report, 2018 UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Technical Series 143 Capacity Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness in the Indian Ocean Status Report, 2018 By the ICG/IOTWMS Task Team on Capacity Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness UNESCO 2020 IOC Technical Series, 143 Paris, April 2020 English only The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariats of UNESCO and IOC concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of the frontiers of any country or territory. For bibliographic purposes, this document should be cited as follows: UNESCO/IOC. 2020. Capacity Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness in the Indian Ocean –Status Report, 2018. Paris, UNESCO, IOC Technical Series No. 143. National Reports of participating countries are compiled in a supplement to this report. Report prepared by: ICG/IOTWMS Task Team on Capacity Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness Published in 2020 by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP UNESCO 2020 (IOC/2020/TS/143) IOC Technical Series, 143 page (i) TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. (iii) Foreword ............................................................................................................................. (iv) Executive summary ............................................................................................................ (ix) 1 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI WARNING AND MITIGATION SYSTEM ......................... 1 1.1 GOVERNANCE AND STRUCTURE ............................................................................. 1 1.2 THE IOTWMS STRATEGIC PILLARS AND FOUNDATIONAL ELEMENTS ............................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Risk Assessment and Reduction .................................................................. 2 1.2.2 Detection, Warning and Dissemination ........................................................ 2 1.2.3 Awareness, Preparedness and Response .................................................... 3 1.2.4 Foundational Elements ................................................................................... 3 1.3 IMPLEMENTATION ...................................................................................................... 4 2 INDIAN OCEAN CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS ........ 4 2.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 4 2.2 PROGRESS TO DATE AND FRAMEWORK FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF IOTWMS ............................................................. 6 2.2 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 8 3. CURRENT STATUS ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1 POLICIES, PLANS AND GUIDELINES ......................................................................... 9 3.1.1 Policies ............................................................................................................. 9 3.1.2 Plans ............................................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Guidelines ...................................................................................................... 13 3.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION ................................................................... 14 3.2.1 Hazard Assessment ...................................................................................... 14 3.2.2 Risk Assessment .......................................................................................... 20 3.3 DETECTION, WARNING AND DISSEMINATION ...................................................... 25 3.3.1 Detection and Warning ................................................................................. 25 3.3.2 Dissemination ................................................................................................ 28 3.4 AWARENESS, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ................................................ 29 3.4.1 Standard Operating Procedures .................................................................. 29 3.4.2 Evacuation Infrastructure ............................................................................. 31 3.4.3 Tsunami Exercises ........................................................................................ 32 3.4.4 Public Awareness ......................................................................................... 33 IOC Technical Series, 143 page (ii) 4. REGIONAL OVERVIEW OF IOTWMS STATUS AND CAPACITY SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS ........................................................ 36 4.1 POLICIES, PLANS AND GUIDELINES ....................................................................... 37 4.2 RISK ASSESSMENT AND REDUCTION ................................................................... 37 4.2.1 Hazard Assessment ...................................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Risk Assessment .......................................................................................... 38 4.3 DETECTION, WARNING AND DISSEMINATION ...................................................... 39 4.3.1 Detection and Warning ................................................................................. 39 4.3.2 Dissemination ................................................................................................ 40 4.4 AWARENESS, PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE ................................................ 40 4.4.1 Standard Operating Procedures .................................................................. 40 4.4.2 Evacuation Infrastructure ............................................................................. 40 4.4.3 Tsunami Exercises ........................................................................................ 41 4.4.4 Public Awareness ......................................................................................... 41 5. RECOMMENDATIONS TO ADDRESS CAPACITY GAPS AND SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 45 6 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................................... 46 ANNEXES I. CONTRIBUTORS TO THE 2018 STATUS REPORT II. COMPARATIVE LIST OF COUNTRIES SURVEYED IN THE 2005 AND 2018 ASSESSMENTS III. TABLES OF SURVEY RESPONSES IV. COUNTRY SUMMARY REPORTS V. ACRONYMS IOC Technical Series, 143 page (iii) ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Capacity Assessment of Tsunami was constructed on SurveyMonkey, an Preparedness in the Indian Ocean region online survey platform. was the primary activity of the intersessional Task Team on Capacity The ICG/IOTWMS Secretariat circulated Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness. the online survey to the Tsunami National The Task Team convened from 2017 to Contacts of ICG/IOTWMS Member States. 2019 under the governance of the The Tsunami National Contacts oversaw Intergovernmental Coordination Group for and coordinated the completion of the the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and survey through consultation with national Mitigation System (ICG/IOTWMS) chaired stakeholders involved in end-to-end by Dr Andi Eka Sakya. (2017–2019) and tsunami warning including the National currently by Prof. Dwikorita Karnawati. Tsunami Warning Center and Disaster Management Agencies. The Task Team on Capacity Assessment of Tsunami Preparedness was chaired by The dataset underpinning the regional Dr Harkunti Rahayu (Indonesia) with Vice- analysis for Capacity Assessment of chair Ms Vijaya Sunanda Manneela (India). Tsunami Preparedness includes timely Membership of the Task Team included survey responses from 20 IOTWMS Dr Yuelong Miao (Australia), Mr Budiarta Member States, namely Australia, (Indonesia), Ms Eny Supartini (Indonesia), Bangladesh, Comoros, France (Indian Mr Ardito Kodijat (IOTIC), Mr Saw Bun Ocean Territories), India, Indonesia, Iran, Liong (Malaysia), Mr Al-Yaqdan Al-Siyabi Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, (Oman), Dr Dilanthi Amaratunga and Mozambique, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Dr Richard Haigh (both invited experts Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand from the University of Huddersfield’s and Timor Leste. Global Disaster Resilience Centre). The survey results were analysed and The underpinning survey was designed by compiled by Dr Richard Haigh, Dr Dilanthi the Task Team on Capacity Assessment Amaratunga and Dr Pournima Sridarran of Tsunami Preparedness during a series and Dr Harkunti Rahayu. Dr Srinivasa of meetings and testing trials with select Kumar Tummala, Mr Tony Elliott and Member States. The questionnaire Ms Nora Gale made substantive assimilated and built upon the existing contributions to authoring this report. ICG/IOTWMS National Reports, Post- IOWave Surveys and IOC/UNESCO Post- The report greatly benefited from reviews Event Assessment Surveys. The survey by Dr Thorkild Aarup and Mr Ardito Kodijat of IOC/UNESCO. IOC Technical Series, 143 page (iv) FOREWORD In response to the destructive tsunami of 26 national specifics within an end-to-end December 2004 in the Indian Ocean, which
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