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Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum

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Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum CATALOGUE LIZARDS BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). SECOND EDITION. GEORGE ALBERT BOULENGER. VOLUME II. IGUANID^, XENOSAURID^, ZONURID^, ANGUID^, ANNIELLID^, HELODBRMATIDiE, VAEANID^, XANTUSIIDtE, TEIID^, AMPHISB^NID^. LONDON: FEINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 1885, — INTKODUCTION. This second Tolume contains an account of the families Iguanidce, Xenosauridce, Zonuridce, Anyuidoe, AnnielUdae, Helodermatidce, Va- ranidce, Xantusiidce, Teiidce, and AmpMshcenidce ; it is therefore chiefly devoted to American Lizards. The increase in the number of species known, and of species and specimens represented in the British Museum, since the publication of the general works by Dumeril and Bibron and by Gray is shown in the following tables : Number of Species characterized Families. by Dum. & Bibr. by Gray. in present volume. Iguanidffi 94 126 293 Xenosauridse — — 1 Zonurida; 6 8 14 Anguidse 17 25 44 Anniellidae — — 2 Helodermatidae .... 1 1 3 Varanidffi 12 23 27 Xantusiidse — — 4 Teiidffi 29 44 108 Amphisbsenidae 15 15 65 Total.. 174 242 561 VOL. II. i INTKODUCTION. Number of Species and Specimens in the British Museum in 1845. 1885. Species. Specimens. Species. Specimens. Iguanidse 83 240 211 1358 Xenosauridee .... — 1 4 Zonuridaa 6 17 10 53 Anguidfe 16 38 26 147 AnnieUidee — 1 1 •2 HelodermatidaB . 1 2 8 Varanidee 21 87 24 256 Xantusiidse — 1 7 Teiidse 21 57 69 356 ArapMsbsenidae .... 9 21 30 145 Total . 157 462 375 2335 G. A. BOULENGEE. Department of Zoology, November 13, 1885. ... SrSTEMATIC INDEX. Page Page 3. gravenhorstii, Oray. 142 6. spinulosus. Cope 175 4. lemniscatus, Gravh 143 7. torquatus, Wied 176 5. stautoni, Gir 144 8. bygomj, B.^L 177 6. fuscus, JBlgr 144 9. hispidus. Spiv 177 7. gracilis, Bell 145 10. semitseniatus, Spix .... 178 8. cyanogaster, D. Sf B. 145 11. Pblainvillii, Z). (^.B. ..178 9. bibronii, Bell 146 28. Uraniscodon, Kaap 178 10. nigromaculatus, Wiegm. 147 1. umbra, L 179 11. magellaniciis, Hombr. Sr 2. plica, L 180 Jacq 148 29. Strobilurus, Wiegm 181 12. lineomaeulatus, Blgr. 140 1. torquatus, Wiegm 181 13. kiiigii, Bell 149 30. Urocentron, Kaup 182 14. fltziageri, D. ^ -B 150 1. azureum, L 182 15. pictus, Z». (5- £ 151 2. fiaviceps, Guieh 183 niger, Hall. 152 3. castor. Cope 184 16. tenuis, D. ^ B 152 31. Pbymaturus, Gravh 184 17. multiformis, Cope 153 1. paUuma, Molina 184 18. signifer, B. ^ B 154 32. Amblyrhynchus, Bell 185 19. darwinii. Bell 155 1. cristatus. Bell 185 20. wiegmanni, B. ^ B 156 33. Oonolophus, Fitz 186 21. occipitalis, Blgr 156 1. subcristatus, Gray .... 187 22. multimaculatus, B. 8f B. 157 34. Metopoceros, Wagl. 187 elegans, Tsch 138 1. cornutus. Baud. 188 modestas, Tsch 138 35. Iguana, Law 189 morio, Gray 138 1. tuberculata, Law 189 26. Saccodeira, Gir 158 2. delicatissima.. Law 191 1. ornatisaima, Gir 159 36. Bracbylophus, Cuv 192 2. pectinata, B. S,- B 159 1. fasciatus, Brongn 192 3. azurea, F. Mull. 160 487. Cyclura, Harl 1934- 26. Lioceplialus, Gray 161 1. carinata, Harl. 193 1. schreibersii, Gravh 162 38. Otenosaura, Wiegm 195 2. macropus, Cope 163 1. acantbura, Shaw 195 3. vittatus. Hall 163 2. bemilopba. Cope 197 . 4. melanochlorus, Cope 164 3. quinquecarinata. Gray. 198 5. personatxis, Cope 164 39. Cachryx, Cope 198 6. eremitus, Cope 165 1. defensor. Cope 199 7. carinatus, Gray 165 40. Hoplocercus, Fitz 199 8. berminieri, B. ^ B, 166 1. spinosus, Fitz 199 9. aculeatus, O'Sh 167 2. annularis, CSh 200 10. iridescens, Gthr 167 41. Dipsosaurus, Hall. 201 11. Hall. 1. dorsalia, 201 erythrogaster, 168 B.^G , .j 12. formosus, Blgr 168 42. Sauromalus, A. Bum 202 13. ornatus, Gray 168 1. ater, A. Bum 202 14. trachyceplialus,.4. JJmjk. 169 43. Crotaphytus, Holbr 203 15. guentheri, Blgr 169 1. collaris. Say 203 {2.767 16. tricristatus, A. Bum. 170 2. wislezenii, B. ^ G 204tia.C) \ 17. dumerilii, Stdchr 170 reticulatus, Baird .... 203 microlepis, Gray 160 copeii, Yai-r 203 formosus, Tsch ICO 44. Petrosanrus, Blgr 205 crassicaudatus, Tsch. .. 160 1. thalassinus. Cope 205 27. Tropidurus, Wied 171 45. Callisaurus, Blainv 205 1. grayi. Bell 172 1. draconoides, Blainv. 206 2. pacificus, Stdchr 173 46. Uma, Baird 206 3. occipitalis, Ptrs 173 1. notata, Baird 207 4. booourtii, Blgr 173 47. Holbrookia, Gir 207 6. peruvianus. Less 174 1. texana, Troseh 208 CATALOGUE OP LIZARDS Order LACERTILIA (continued). Suborder I. LACERTILIA VERA icontiimed). Pam. 6. IGUANID^. Iguaniens, part., Cuvier, Itegixe Anim. ii. 1817. Asoalabotae, part., Merrem, Tent. Syst. Amph. 1820. Pneiistoidea, Agamoidea, part., Fitzinger, Neue Classif. Rent. 1826. Iguanidse, Oray, Phil. Mag. (2) ii. 1827. Pachyglossse, part., Wagle?-, Syst. Amph. 1830. Dendrobatas prosphyodontes and Humivagss prosphyodontes, Wiegmann, Ilerp. Mex. 18.34. Iguaniens pleurodontes, Dumeril Sf Sibron, Srp. Gen. iv. 18.37. Corytliophanse, Hypsilophi, Ptychosauri^ Polychri, Dactylose, Dra- contur«e, Heterotropides, Steirolepides, Doryphori, Phrynosomata, Fitzinger, Syat. Eept. 1843. Iguanidse, Oray, Cat. Liz. 1846. Anolidffi, Iguanidse, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864. Iguanidse, ISoulenger, Ann. 8f Mag. N. II. (5) xiv. 1884. Tte Lizards of this family resemble very closely, in external as well as internal characters, those of the preceding, or Agamidce, from which they are distinguished by the pleurodont dentition. The distinct heterodontism, so frequent in the latter family, is exhibited vol. II. B IGUANII)^. all others to a slight degree by one genus only (Uraniscodon) ; in the teeth are subequal in size, and if, as is usually the case, the lateral ones differ from the front ones, the change is gradual. In all genera save Amblyrhynchus, Conolophus, and Phymaturus, the anterior teeth are conical ; the lateral ones are also sometimes simply conical or with obtuse crowns, but more frequently compressed and tricuspid; in Iguana and Metopoceros the crowns are finely denticu- lated on the edge. In the above-named highly remarkable genera AmblyrJiyncJius, CmiolopMs, and Phymaturus, all the teeth are deeply trilobate, or flower-de-luce shaped. The shafts of the teeth are constantly long and cylindrical, and hollowed out at the base. Pterygoid teeth are present in many species; I have not employed this character for the distinction of genera unless accompanied by others. Oliammleolis is one of the few Lizards in which teeth are inserted on the palatine bones. The skull does not differ in any important point from that of the Agamidce. However, dermal cranial ossifications, as, for instance, the horn-like tubercles of Phrynosoma, may be present. A supra- orbital arch, such as has been noticed in the Agamoid genus Lyrio- cephalus, occurs in Goryilioplianes and Phrynosoma. The clavicle is slender proximally, except in the genera Basiliseus and Lmmanctus. In describing the Iguania as having the " clavicle with simple proximal ends," Cope* remarks in a footnote that " the transverse limb of the mesosternum [sternum, nohis'] extending to the angle of the clavicle, gives an appearance in some of the Basilisdnce of a proximal foramen." I had hitherto held this opinion to be correct, but now find, on careful examination of the pectoral arch of the types alluded to, that the clavicle is really loop-shaped, and that those two genera constitute an exception in the family Jgiianidce, which is cha- racterized by a non-dilated clavicle. The interolavicle is T- or anchor- shaped, exceptin Phrynosoma, in which the longitudinal limb is absent. The sternum is frequently perforated by a fontanelle. A more or less complete system of ossified or tendinous abdominal ribs is deve- loped in many genera, in some (Anolis, Polychrus, Liosaurus, &o.) to the same extent as in the Oeelconidm. The tongue is thick and villose, entirely fixed to the floor of the mouth, or slightly free anteriorly, and not or but very feebly nicked. The pupU of the eye is round, and the eyelids well developed. The tympanum is distinct, except in HoTbroohia. Femoral pores exist in all North-American genera, and are absent in the great majority of the South-American. In some of the latter the males have a series of pores on the anterior border of the vent. The scaling of the head and body varies extremely, and gular appendages, crests, and other ornaments are not unfrequent. The upper head-scales are usually small, but in some genera assume a * Proc. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 227. ISTJANIDiE. 3 shield-like disposition. An enlarged scale is usually present, repre- senting the interparietal of other Lizards, and, through fusion with adjacent scales, sometimes acquires a remarkahly large size. Fol- lowing the example of previous authors, and for convenience, I have used the term " occipital " for this shield, although it is not homo- logous with that so-called ; but I have had to depart from this rule in dealing with the genus Liolcemiis, in which, owing to the greater development of the parietals and the presence of a true occipital, that terminology might have led to confusion. The habits of the numerous members of this family are as varied as their physiognomy. All the forms which we have observed in the Agamoids are repeated here, save the parachute-bearing Dragons, which have no pleurodont analogues. On the other hand, such types as the Anoles, with their digital expansions, and the semi-marine algivorous AmblyrJiynehus, are unrepresented in the acrodont series. However, this apparent parallelism between the Agamoid and Igua- noid series of genera is very superficial, and there is, it appears to me, not one form so exactly repeated in both as to deserve to be united into the same genus, were the character of the dentition, on which the family distinction is based, not to be considered. The great majority of Iguanoids are insectivorous ; Iguana, Bra- chylophas, Amhlyrhynchus, Oonoloplius, Phymaturus, Sauromalus, Basiliscus, are herbivorous ; and the Ctenosaura are reported to be omnivorous. Some species of Sceloporus and Phrynosoma are at present the only Iguanoids known to be ovoviviparous.
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