Reflection of the Nature and Community Relation in Place Names

The American Journal of Applied Sciences IMPACT FACTOR – (ISSN 2689-0992) 2020: 5. 276 Published: November 11, 2020 | Pages: 16-22 Doi: https://doi.org/10.37547/tajas/Volume02Issue11-04 OCLC - 1121105553

Reflection Of The Nature And Community Relation In Place Names

Kuchkar Mahkamovich Khakimov Professor, Department Of Methods Of Teaching Geography, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan

Meliboy Normatovich Kamolov

Journal Website: Candidate Of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department Of Geography Teaching http://usajournalshub.c Methods, Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan om/index,php/tajas Copyright: Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the creative commons attributes 4.0 licence.

ABSTRACT

The study of the territorial aspects of the nature and society reflected in the names of places is important not only for the science of toponymy, but also for the sciences of geography. In this article toponymics which occupies an intermediate position in the system of geographical sciences and it’s study was the subject the reflection of nature and community relation in geographic names was investigated using concrete examples.

KEYWORDS

Toponymic, toponymy, geographic names, area, nature, society and economic-social factors, ethnonym, oronym, gidronym, zoonym, fitonym.

INTRODUCTION

Mankind has not yet fully understood the surrounding world, people pay attention to the mysteries of the land in which it lives and distinguishing features of natural objects and works. Because it is not always easy to name them in order to distinguish them from understand the nature of objective events in each other. the natural environment, they often required special attention from people. Therefore, in According to experts, in the process of naming, everyday life, when communicating with the the specific features of the geographical

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object, that is a geographical location, natural their period of evolution. During the research it conditions, historical and ethnocultural is planned to perform the following tasks: features, economic activity played an

important role. If the names given initially were 1) Analysis of toponymic aspects of the often random, then the official names that relationship between nature and society;

reflect the real event were multiplied later. 2) Study the reflection of natural Apparently, any geographical name is a geographical factors in place names;

product of understanding the world, the desire 3) Study of place names formed on the basis to study it more deeply has led to the of socio-economic factors;

emergence of new geographical names. In 4) Promotion of advanced scientific ideas in the field. other words, the development of human society and the expansion of people’s territorial imagination have led to an increase in the number and complexity of names. THE MAIN PART When we talk about the relationship and interaction of society with nature, we mean the THE MAIN RESULTS AND FINDINGS part of nature that interacts with society, i.e. Consequently, names that are a product of the geographical environment. Because, “the social necessity reflect the daily life, ethnic geographical environment is the part of nature composition, language history, national and where human society exists, where all human spiritual values of the people in a particular life and productive activity takes place. Man gets everything he needs - water, air, food, region, as well as the geographical housing and other building materials, raw environment that surrounds them. For this reason, for centuries, experts have paid special materials for the whole industry from the attention to place names and their etymology geographical environment ” [1. Volume 2 - in order to discover the laws of nature, to learn b.623]. the various mysteries. First and foremost, humanity seeks to Indeed, place names are important not only as assimilate more of the part of nature that surrounds society and has a direct impact on an integral part of national values, but also people’s lives in order to meet their needs. As because they reflect changes in nature and society. Therefore, place names can serve as an a result, there is a constant connection and important source in the study of the interaction between society and nature, that is, relationship between nature and society and the natural environment, which, in turn, leads the natural and economic-social changes that to an expansion of the composition and size of have taken place during historical the geographical environment. Now, the rapid development in comparison with the present. development of science and technology, the rapid growth of the population, the continuous use of nature by man have raised the interaction between society and nature to a GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK qualitatively new level. The main purpose of the research is to reflect Experts write that in the Middle Ages, great the interaction and influence of nature and attention was paid to natural conditions, and society in place names and to study the even believed that people's character, regional aspects of changes that occur during behavior, lifestyle, development of the state, etc. are determined by the natural conditions

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of the country, its geographical location. For the opportunity to meet their daily needs and example, our great compatriot Abu Rayhan enjoy comfortable natural conditions. For Beruni wrote that "the differences in the example, there are many place names in areas structure, image, nature and morals of people with favorable natural conditions for living and are due not only to the diversity of their widely used in agriculture, which reflect the genealogies, but also to the diversity of soil, various components of nature, such as water, air and land" [2. -b.33]. landforms, water bodies, plant, animal species and their specific features. It is known that in the early stages of the development of society, people mainly used Experts write that place names play a special the natural resources necessary for life. role in educating the population in the spirit of Consequently, people observed their nature protection and efficient use of its surroundings and named them in order to resources. Indeed, geographical names have to distinguish geographical objects from each some extent served to protect nature and the other. Initially, natural objects were given environment throughout all eras. Therefore, in simple, plain and random names out of recent years, toponymic research has focused necessity, but later, as social consciousness more on the ecological function of names. developed, the number of concepts increased Sometimes, the given name caused the place and the place names became more complex. to be carefully preserved, to be considered Names representing the natural features of sacred, to be deified. Such names reflected the geographical objects were more common in spiritual world of the local people, with the the early stages of society, and later the help of which the land, water, air, flora and number of names formed on the basis of socio- fauna of the region, in a word, all the economic factors also gradually increased as a components of nature were preserved. The result of the increasing influence of society on name of the place helped to keep the area nature. This was due to the development of clean and tidy and the people to live in peace human society, the increase of daily needs, the and tranquility. As a result, efforts were made assimilation of new territories and components to use natural resources wisely and of nature [9]. economically, without harming the components of the surrounding nature. Hence, the more humanity assimilates nature, the greater the need to name new In our holy religion, it is also stated that Allah geographical objects, which leads to an created the earth as a suitable place for human increase in the number and importance of life, and that everything in nature serves the place names. Consequently, the close interests of man. In turn, everyone will have to relationship between nature and society can treat nature wisely and take care of it. In recent also be seen in historically formed years, many plant and animal species have geographical names, in a particular region, on completely disappeared or their numbers have the basis of certain laws that represent their declined sharply as a result of increasing man- integrity and are a vivid external expression of made impacts on nature, environmental nature. Simply put, place names are a linguistic changes, and declining forest-occupied areas. expression of the relationship between nature It is known that the Turkic peoples have long and society. considered land and water sacred. In Geographical names that arose out of social particular, water played an important role in need often reflected nature and natural their lives and economic activities. According conditions. Because nature has given people to ethnographer G.P Snesarev, in the distant

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past, the present-day Amudarya was called Everything in a society (material and spiritual Vakhsh by the Khorezmians. The ancient wealth, creation of necessary conditions for Khorezmians, who believed in Zoroastrianism, human life, etc.) takes place in the course of a used to sacrifice cattle to the river with good certain activity. Human activity and social intentions every spring, in honor of the water relations between people form the core of goddess Vakhshvara and the goddess of society. Society does not exist without material fertility Anakhita, "let there be water, let there production, and it is in production that be fruit, let there be plenty." society's connection with nature is manifested [1. Volume 3, -b.543]. The people, using the method of legal protection, using place names, tried to It is known that flora and fauna are natural preserve the biological diversity of Mother resources. From ancient times man has tried to Nature, preserve the environment, and in a study them, to determine their area, to use sense achieved their goals. Such geographical them in moderation. For example, in the names not only clearly defined the location, toponymy of Andijan, Tashkent, Jizzakh but also contributed to the formation of a high regions there are place names such as Betaga, ethno-ecological culture in the population. Betagali, Betagalisoy. Betaga is a small grass that the locals named after knowing that it is a Changes in nature and society have led to the food plant for livestock. emergence of new names in a particular region and in a specific historical context. At the same Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur gave a wonderful time, the increasing influence of society on description of the beta plant. “In Andijan, this nature, the exchange of historical periods, herb is called an idol, and the Vajhi ribbon was languages and peoples have laid the not known, it was known in the provinces. This groundwork for changes in the geographical grass is called a bush so that it grows into a environment. The change in the geographical bush ”[5. -b.198]. This plant really grows in environment and the expansion of the scale led clusters. As Babur said, betagan is especially to the emergence of many new geographical fond of yearlings, the beetle that walks on features and their naming. In recent years, as a betagali pasture is well fattened, and kumizi is result of climate change and the impact of fat and pleasant. human economic activities, some animal and plant species are declining or disappearing Place names also provide a lot of information altogether. It is important to identify and for socio-economic geography, which studies restore their distribution areas. the relationship between nature and society, as different aspects of the people’s way of life Using toponymic data, it is possible to are reflected in geographical names. For accurately determine the distribution areas of example, the names of settlements can be certain species of fauna and flora. In such considered more important than the names of cases, geographical names come to the rescue. other geographical objects, because they For example, Azerbaijani anthropologists reflect the political, economic and social life of R.M.Yuzbashev and E.B.Nuriev used the place the country. With the help of oykonim it is names to determine the distribution areas of possible to clarify such issues as the ancient gazelles. Geographical names such as Jayronli, forms of economic management of the Jayronkul, Jayronbulak indicate that the population, the leading industries, extracted gazelle was more widespread in the republic in minerals, caravan routes of the past, advanced the past [4]. types of handicrafts, the distribution area of peoples.

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Various socio-economic aspects of people's are called tanners. There were many tanneries lives are also reflected in geographical names. in Samarkand, Bukhara, Tashkent, Fergana It is known that our people have long been Valley and Khorezm. They are made of sheep, engaged in various professions. Although goat, cattle and camel skins. The name of this some of the professions of the past have profession was the basis for Konchilar in disappeared, but they are still preserved in the Tashkent, Konchilik in Margilan, Charmgaron in composition of place names. Names from Chust, and Charmgar in Samarkand. different regions of Uzbekistan, such as Pichokchi, Oqchi, Sandiqchi, Temirchi, Geographical names also include place names Mahsidoz, Parchabof, Misgaron, Naqqashan, related to agricultural production. The emergence of such place names is often Taqachi, Degrez, Zargarlik, Qassoblik, associated with the natural conditions of the Sovungarlik, indicate the professions of the area. It is named according to which type of local people [6]. farming there is a good opportunity to develop The name of the city of Ahangaron in the in that area. For example, in places where there Tashkent region means blacksmiths and is a are favorable conditions for growing cotton, reference to the past occupation of the local Pakhtakor, Pakhtachi, Oqoltin, in areas with population. Similarly, the main occupation of good grain yields, such as Gallakor, Bugdoychi, the residents of Sozangaron makhalla Gallaorol, Lalmikor, Sholikor. (neighbourhood) in Samarkand was the production of needles, juvaldiz, bigiz. If we In addition, the toponymy of the republic look at the place names of the republic, we can includes many other toponyms, such as see that pottery, along with other professions, Komirchi, Nosgar, Sangtarosh, Buyrachi, is much more developed. Village and makhalla Ohakchi, Egarchi, Toshkesar, which reflect the (neighbourhood) names such as Kulolon, various professions of the local people in the Kulolchi, Kulollik, Tandirchi, Kosagaron, past and present. At the same time, place Tavoqchi are a clear example of this. names have also emerged on the basis of devices that produce a variety of products that The place names contain a number of are necessary for the daily needs of the local geographical names related to the weaving people. The names of these devices were later profession, which indicate that the history of changed to the names of settlements, such as the weaving profession dates back to ancient Sariosiyo, Galaosiyo, Koshtegirmon, times. In the names of such settlements as Tegirmonovul, Koshjuvoz, Objuvoz. Bakhmalbof, Gilambof, Buyrabof, Parchabof, the "traces" of the local people's weaving The market, which is a place of trade, has also long played a major role in the way of life of the profession have been preserved. Sewing was local people. Therefore, in places such names also one of the most popular industries among our people. For example, one of the as Bozorjoy, Yangibazar, Kohnabozor, neighborhood of Margilan was called Sarbozor or Bedabozor, Egarbozor, Yogbozor, Yormadoz in ancient times. One of the most Khodabozor, Tavuqbozor, Buyrabozor, which widely used types of embroidery in specialize in selling a certain product, embroidery, the people of the neighborhood appeared. Sometimes, the names of have been engaged in this work in the past. settlements such as Friday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Monday, which also gave names The names of neighborhood such as to villages depending on the day of the market, Mahsidozon in Bukhara, Dozanda in Chust, and were created in this way. Zardozon in Samarkand are also attributed to people. Professionals who make leather from it

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