Directly from Stockholm to Magical Island Saaremaa!

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Directly from Stockholm to Magical Island Saaremaa! ON THE ISLAND OF SAAREMAA Directly from Stockholm to magical island Saaremaa! EXCLUSIVE GOLF PACKAGE INCLUDES: Unlimited golf at the greenest Estonian golf course ONLY Also available non-golfers Direct flights Arlanda-Kuressaare-Arlanda spa package and flight tickets: Local transfers: airport-hotel-airport Non-golfer package 415 EUR one way 190 EUR, return 245 EUR Accommodation for 4 (Sun–Thu) or 4990 (number of seats limited) 3 nights (Thu–Sun) in DBL room in nr 1 SEK For additional information Estonian wellness spa hotel GOSPA **** and booking please contact [email protected] Rich buffet breakfast 530 EUR or call +372 453 3502 Free use of saunas and pool www.saaregolf.ee Single room supplement 120 EUR Welcome to Saaremaa! Flight times in September ARN – Arlanda | URE – Kuressaare 30.08 ARN– URE 12:05– 13:55 30.08 URE– ARN 14:30–14:05 03.09 ARN– URE 11:40–13:30 03.09 URE– ARN 14:05–13:40 Saare Golf 06.09 ARN– URE 12:05–13:55 06.09 URE– ARN 14:30–14:05 10.09 ARN– URE 11:40– 13:30 10.09 URE– ARN 14:05–13:40 13.09 ARN– URE 12:05– 13:55 13.09 URE– ARN 14:30–14:05 17.09 ARN–URE 11:40–13:30 17.09 URE–ARN 14:05–13:40 20.09 ARN–URE 12:05–13:55 20.09 URE–ARN 14:30–14:05 24.09 ARN– URE 11:40–13:30 24.09 URE– ARN 14:05–13:40 27.09 ARN– URE 12:05–13:55 27.09 URE–ARN 14:30–14:05 What is so special about Saaremaa? Top sights Saaremaa – the biggest island of Estonia is known as a nr 1 recreation place. 1. Kuressaare: the bishop castle and 7 spas. Saaremaa has kindly The territory of Saaremaa has been inhabited for about eight thousand been called Spaaremaa due to the fact that the island has the years. In Scandinavian sagas of the 8th – 10th centuries Saaremaa was biggest number of spas per capita (7 of them in Kuressaare) mentioned as Eysysla. In old German and Russian sources its name was Saaremaa island is the birth place of Estonian spaa traditions as Oesel. it was the first place, where mud treatments were offered. Saaremaa (Ösel) is a sister island to Gotland just within the reach of hand The key-attraction in the city is the unique bishopric castle from th (200 km). Both islands have s mild maritime climate and soil rich in lime. the 13 century, one of the best preserved fortifications in the Baltics, surrounded by a rich in species and beautiful park. The Saaremaa has retained its uniqueness due to its location and insulation. castle accommodates the oldest in Estonia museum, Saaremaa In the villages there are still stone fences and houses with thatched Museum, established in 1865. Louis Kahn, one of the most roofs, beautiful national costumes and dialectal language are still used. influential architects of 20th century in the world, who was living in Junipers, dolomite, windmills and the famous local home-brewed beer are Saaremaa in his childhood, has admitted that the castle has played considered the symbols of Saaremaa. Local food is branded under label an inspirational role in his works. EHTNE (mean pure). The Kaali meteorite Over two hundred local species – from Rhinanthus osiliensis to marbled 2. Kaali meteorite crater and visiting centre. clashed with the Earth about 7500–7600 years ago. The field of seals (Phoca hispida) – found in Saaremaa. Also a great number of Roman Kaali meteorite craters in Saaremaa is one of the rarest natural snails, rare butterflies and beautiful orchids. (Saaremaa Orchide Festival). monuments in Estonia, being also the most striking crater field in th At the beginning of the 20 century, there were approximately 60,000 Eurasia. inhabitants in Saaremaa, about 4000 of them lived in Kuressaare. In Angla, Nowadays there are ca 30 000 inhabitants on the county of Saaremaa, 3. Angla windmill-hill and the Centre of Heritage Culture. there is a comprehensive complex of a windmill-hill, displaying five 14 000 lives in Kuressaare. windmills of which four are characteristic of Saaremaa post mills In 2008 the was great found in Salme village: old viking ship racks from from the beginning of the previous century. In the heritage centre 7 centery were found, which are considered to be the oldest in the Baltic activities like workshops of clay, wool, felt, wood and bread baking. Sea area (and in the world). 4. Vilsandi National Park and its centre in Loona Manor and farm Ca 90% of turnover from export and profit from smallcraft building in museum in Viki. Exciting nature and cultural heritage hikes all the Estonia comes from Saaremaa boatbuilders. year round to everybody interested (orchids, seals, birds etc.). The ancient fight for freedom in Estonia ended in 1227 when German and Vilsandi is the first nature conservation area in the Baltic countries Danish crusaders occupied Saaremaa The German occupation lasted until and was reformed into a national park in 1993. 1559 when the island was sold to the king of Denmark. From 1645 to 1710 To capture the life in villages centuries ago, it is recommended Saaremaa was under the rule of Sweden, which is considered to be the to visit Mihkli farm in Viki village, which is a characteristical to fastest development time in Saaremaa. Saaremaa. 5. Active holiday. In addition to a number of maritime activities A lot of sights and events (sailing, fishing, windsurfing, diving), there is a possibility to play all year round golf, have a stroll on a 20-kilometre circle of cycle or test your physical skills in Hallikivi Adventure Park (15 km from Kuressaare). www.visitsaaremaa.ee.
Recommended publications
  • Estonian Ministry of Education and Research
    Estonian Ministry of Education and Research LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY PROFILE COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA Tartu 2008 Estonian Ministry of Education and Research LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY PROFILE COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA Estonian Ministry of Education and Research LANGUAGE EDUCATION POLICY PROFILE COUNTRY REPORT ESTONIA Tartu 2008 Authors: Language Education Policy Profile for Estonia (Country Report) has been prepared by the Committee established by directive no. 1010 of the Minister of Education and Research of 23 October 2007 with the following members: Made Kirtsi – Head of the School Education Unit of the Centre for Educational Programmes, Archimedes Foundation, Co-ordinator of the Committee and the Council of Europe Birute Klaas – Professor and Vice Rector, University of Tartu Irene Käosaar – Head of the Minorities Education Department, Ministry of Education and Research Kristi Mere – Co-ordinator of the Department of Language, National Examinations and Qualifications Centre Järvi Lipasti – Secretary for Cultural Affairs, Finnish Institute in Estonia Hele Pärn – Adviser to the Language Inspectorate Maie Soll – Adviser to the Language Policy Department, Ministry of Education and Research Anastassia Zabrodskaja – Research Fellow of the Department of Estonian Philology at Tallinn University Tõnu Tender – Adviser to the Language Policy Department of the Ministry of Education and Research, Chairman of the Committee Ülle Türk – Lecturer, University of Tartu, Member of the Testing Team of the Estonian Defence Forces Jüri Valge – Adviser, Language Policy Department of the Ministry of Education and Research Silvi Vare – Senior Research Fellow, Institute of the Estonian Language Reviewers: Martin Ehala – Professor, Tallinn University Urmas Sutrop – Director, Institute of the Estonian Language, Professor, University of Tartu Translated into English by Kristel Weidebaum, Luisa Translating Bureau Table of contents PART I.
    [Show full text]
  • MERELINE SAAREMAA Saaremaa
    MERELINE SAAREMAA Saaremaa Priit Noogen Margit Kõrvits Kristina Mägi KUIDAS SAADA SAARELE OLULISED NUMBRID: SAARE MAAKOND Saaremaa pikk ja rahulik rannajoon on ümbritsetud külalislahkete sadamatega, kuhu oma purjelaevaga randuda. Vaid paar lehte edasi ja juba Hädaabi ja merepääste 112 Pindala 2922 km2 (6,5% Eesti pindalast), kokku 710 saart leiadki külalissadamate info. Ahhoi! Saaremaa Vabatahtlik Merepääste Selts +372 5119922 Suuremad saared: Saaremaa, Muhu, Ruhnu, Abruka, Vilsandi Olgu talv või suvi, uued parvlaevad toovad Sind muretult kohale. Kui soovid viivitamata ja kindlal ajal oma roositud pätiga saarele astuda, saad pileti ette osta www.praamid.ee Kuressaare Haigla, EMO +372 4520040 Rannajoone kogupikkus 1414 km 2 Saaremaa Turismiinfokeskus, Rahvaarv ca 34 000, 13,1 inimest/km Kõrgelt õhust on imeline vaade meie saarte maale. Saaremaa ja Muhu, Vilsandi ja Abruka, ehk paistab ka servake Ruhnut. Lehvita meie Tallinna 2, Kuressaare, Eesti, Administratiivne jaotus: headele naabritele Hiiumaal. Sellist luksust pakub lennureis, vaid 30-40 minutit Tallinnast Kuressaarde. +372 453 3120, 3 valda - SAAREMAA, MUHU, RUHNU Vaata infot www.saartelennuliinid.ee [email protected] 1 linn - KURESSAARE, rahvaarv ca 13 000 www.visitsaaremaa.ee Külma ja jäist talve rannarahvale igal aastal ei anta. Kui see siiski tuleb, on võimalik saartele sõita üle mere ka jääteed pidi. Seda unikaalset võimalust tuleb kindlasti kasutada! Liikuda võib ainult ametlikel avatud jääteedel ja kindlasti jälgida märgistust ja reegleid. Lähemalt vaata www.mnt.ee/et/tee/jaateed Suved on meil päikeselised ja ilusad, peale jaanipäeva pole lootustki jääteed kasutada! MERELINE SAAREMAA Jarmo Vehkakoski Priit Noogen Priit Noogen Karl Jakob Toplaan SAAREMAA – osa üleilmsest UNESCO võrgustikust! UNESCO programm „Inimene ja biosfäär“ keskendub tänasel päeval just sellele, et üha rohkem inimesi teeksid valikud jätkusuutlikuma eluviisi kasuks.
    [Show full text]
  • Revitalisering Av Historiske Bykjerner Ni Utvalgte Estiske Byer
    Revitalisering av historiske bykjerner Ni utvalgte estiske byer Estland har 12 beskyttede kulturmiljøer – Heritage Conservation Areas – hvorav 11 er i historiske bykjerner. Utlysningen «Historic old town centres with cultural heritage protection areas» retter seg mot de 9 beskyttede kulturmiljøene som ligger i henholdsvis byene Pärnu, Haapsalu, Kuressaare, Rakvere, Paide, Viljandi, Võru, Valga og Lihula. Mange av disse byene lider av synkende befolkningstall, som skyldes både lav fødselsrate og høy grad av fraflytting. Dette er en del av en ond sirkel av begrensede arbeidsmuligheter, lite investeringer i byene, og, i verste tilfelle, tap av byens identitet. På tross av disse utfordringene har de ni ovennevnte byene hver sine unike kulturmiljøer med bevarte historiske områder. PÄRNU Fylke: Pärnu fylke Grunnlagt: 1251 Areal: 32,22 km² Befolkning: 39 605 (2020) Befolkningstetthet: 1200 innb./km² Pärnu gamleby. Foto: ERR Pärnu er, med sine 39 605 (2020) innbyggere, Estlands fjerde største by. Den ligger sørvest i landet og har fått kallenavnet «Estlands sommerhovedstad» på grunn av sin rolle som feriedestinasjon. Økonomien er også sterkt knyttet til sesongaktiviteter og turisme. Dersom man ikke tar hensyn til sesong-baserte endringer, ligger befolkningstallet i Pärnu relativt stabilt, om enn med en svak nedgang. Den markante økningen i folketall sammenlignet med folketellingen i 2011 skyldes endringer i kommunegrensene. Villa Ammende. Foto: Visit Estonia. https://www.visitestonia.com/en/villa-ammende Det røde tårnet. Foto: PuhkaEestis.ee 2 https://www.puhkaeestis.ee/et/punane-torn Pärnu kulturmiljø De eldste områdene i kulturmiljøet i Pärnu er knyttet til byens middelalderslott og til den Hanseatiske byen. Spor etter Pärnu middelalderby er bevart, inkludert «det røde tårnet» og det historiske gatenettet, men det er det senere, barokke Pärnu som er mest tydelig.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons and Challenges Kuressaare, Saaremaa
    LOCAL RESPONSE TO HARMFUL USE OF ALCOHOL: LESSONS AND CHALLENGES KURESSAARE, SAAREMAA Anu Vares Development Adviser Saaremaa Municipality Government, Estonia WHAT DID WE LEARN? • Local evidence and data help to address the community • Support of local government council and municipality mayor is crucial to implementation of activities • Finding the right spokespersons for alcohol-related topics is very important • It is necessary to talk to youngsters to find out their opinion on alcohol WHAT DID WE LEARN? • Schools can be difficult partners due to many different ongoing activities – thus it is very important to engage a “project manager” within the school • It is complicated to explain the school headmasters that the drug prevention action plan is necessary for the school, not for the local government and the police • Public debate following the project has encouraged other municipalities to plan systematic activities in alcohol prevention WHAT DID WE LEARN? • It is possible to create change at the local level • Cooperation is the crucial power • Will and dedicated people are more important than money • Desired results are not achieved quickly, it takes time and patience • To prevent and to reduce the consumption of alcohol by minors, it is necessary to address activities to adults as well as to change the environment around youngsters • Besides hobby education attention must be paid to children’s and youngsters’ relations with family and friends MAIN CHALLENGES • Where and how to address parents? • What is the role of schools and headmasters? • How to assure motivation of local actors and the continuity of activities? WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN SAAREMAA IN 2018+? • A new and very big municipality (2705 km2, 31 819 residents, 1 city, 9 small towns, 426 villages) • How to use experience gained in 2015–2017 in Kuressaare in other areas of the municipality? LAST, BUT NOT LEAST • Minors drink, but alcohol is made available by adults around them • Our common goal in Kuressaare / Saaremaa: adults do not sell, buy and offer alcohol to minors .
    [Show full text]
  • Tallinn & Saaremaa Opera Days
    Tallinn & Saaremaa Opera Days July 21 - 25, 2014 Mon, July 21 / Tallinn Individual arrival to the capital of Estonia. Transfer to a 4*hotel. Check-in for one night. Tue, July 22 / Tallinn – Muhu island – Kuressaare Breakfast and check-out 11:20 Departure to Saaremaa island 14:00 - 14:20 Ferry trip from the mainland of Estonia to Muhu – a tiny island where time rests 15:00 – 16:30 Lunch in a local farmstead Tõnise Majatalo on Muhu island 18:00 Check-in for two nights at Georg Ots SPA Hotel**** in Kuressaare It is the 5th best hotel in Estonia in 2013 according to clients feedback in TripAdvisor 19:20 Departure to a concert in Laurentius church 20:00 Mozart „Requiem“ performed by Estonian Philharmonic Chamber Choir and the Tallinn Chamber Orchestra Wed, July 23/ Eastern part of Saaremaa island fr. 07:00 Breakfast 09:30 Guided walking tour in Kuressaare and in the Bishop Castle of Kuressaare 11:00 Half day tour to an Eastern part of Saaremaa island to explore its unique nature. We visit the organic soaps cottage industry Goodkaarma and take part of a popular soap making workshop there. Next stop is at Kaali field of meteorite craters where we will have lunch The approximate time of Kaali meteorite fall is 7500-7600 years ago. Meteorite fall caused big damages on already inhabited Saaremaa, it could be compared to explosion of atomic bomb. At the height of 5-10 km meteorite fell apart and came down to the ground in pieces the biggest of which created a big crater with diameter of 110 m and depth of 22 m and 8 smaller craters.
    [Show full text]
  • Leisure in Kuressaare in Leisure
    14 Meri Spa Hotel*** (Pargi 16) – Saaremaa’s Meri Spa BILLIARDS ADVENTURE & TEAM GAMES ENG All roads lead to Kuressaare Hotel offers refreshing therapeutic procedures. The ho- 22 Kodulinna Lokaal (Tallinna 11) – Billiards isn’t just 36 360 Kraadi adventure company – Adventure Kuressaare is almost a ritual in itself. If you come to tel has its own gym, sauna and pool with underwater a sport, but an enjoyable game to play while talking to games for those seeking just fun or an extreme expe- Saaremaa, you won’t leave without having visited its massage features. C2 friends or relaxing of an evening. C3 rience. Team games for company events and games seaside capital. You can always be sure of a friendly, Ph +372 452 2100 www.saaremaaspahotels.eu Ph +372 453 1178 www.saaremaa.ee/kodulinn in the nature. laid back reception in the town. Having been here Ph +372 5663 2979 www.360.ee once, you’re sure to make a return visit. Your soul 15 Rüütli Spa Hotel water park (Pargi 12) – This hotel instinctively knows what’s good for it! 23 has a rehabilitative therapy centre, a sauna complex and Vaekoda pub (Tallinna 3) – You can play billiards on 37 Island holidays – Team and orienteering games A pleasantly sleepy town, Kuressaare breathes to a water park with a full-sized swimming pool, children’s the first floor of the pub. C2 using GPS, photo hunts and paintball. its own rhythm, with a faint tang of sea salt in the pool and water attractions. C2 Ph +372 453 3020 www.vaekoda.ee Ph +372 5621 3743 www.saarepuhkus.ee air.
    [Show full text]
  • Island Hopping in Estonia: a Hiiumaa, Saaremaa and Muhu Padise Tallinn Kardla Baltic Se Hiiumaa Haapsalu
    SELF-GUIDED Etonia FINLAND Helsinki Island Hopping in Estonia: a Hiiumaa, Saaremaa and Muhu Padise Tallinn Kardla Baltic Se Hiiumaa Haapsalu ain/Bus Koguva Varbla Tr ESTONIA Leisi Pärnu Saaremaa Kuressaare LATVIA Tour distances: cycling ~480 km/300 mi, ferry 44 km, 12 days/11 nights TOUR INFORMATION Cycling grade: We grade this trip as easy to moder- ate. Daily signposted biking routes, mainly on roads with little traffic and cycle paths in towns. The terrain 12-days self guided cycling tour from/to Tallinn (Code: SG9P) is varied and rolling with some gradual hills on some cycling days between Tallinn and Padise. 3 ferries be- Estonia is characterised by its unique natural landscapes and traditional hospitality. Vibrant cities, tween the Estonian islands are planned on this tour desert beaches, peace and the unspoiled beauty of the countryside - a paradise for cyclists. But it’s the (pay locally). Estonian islands which are the jewels of the country. You’ll spend your holiday on these islands which Arrival & departure information / Transfers are amongst the most beautiful that the Baltic Sea has to offer. Lighthouses and windmills are the land- Airport: Tallinn (www.tallinn-airport.ee) marks of these islands. To begin your journey, you will get to know the Estonian capital Tallinn. This tour Ferry terminal: Tallinn (regular ferry lines from Hel- then takes you from Haapsalu to the second largest island Hiiumaa before crossing to the biggest island, sinki (FI) & Stockholm (SE)) Saaremaa. En route back to the mainland, you’ll cycle on the island of Muhu & from there into the sum- Transfer: (price for one way for up to 3 people) mer capital of Estonia, Pärnu.
    [Show full text]
  • The Kaali Crater Field and Other Geosites of Saaremaa Island (Estonia): the Perspectives for a Geopark
    Geologos, 2010, 16 (1): 59–68 doi: 10.2478/v10118-010-0004-z The Kaali crater field and other geosites of Saaremaa Island (Estonia): the perspectives for a geopark Anto Raukas 1 & Wojciech Stankowski 2 1 Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Uus-Sadama 5, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia;e-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Maków Polnych 16, 61-606 Poznan, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Island of Saaremaa in Estonia offers highly spectacular geological features that belong to the most interesting in the Baltic Sea area. A unique geological monument on the island is the Kaali meteorite–crater field, formed by nine meteori- te impacts. There are also attractive coastal cliffs, huge erratics, alvars (limestone areas covered by a very thin soil) and well-developed glacial and marine landforms. Limestone cliffs and shingle beaches abound with Silurian fossils and offer great opportunities to fossil collectors. The island is a prospective geopark. During the past few years, the geology of the island has become an intensely studied object of Estonian and Polish geologists. Keywords: geopark, geosites, meteorite–crater field, Saaremaa Island, Estonia Introduction opment. Worldwide importance has the Kaali crater field, the first one in Europe of which The Island of Saaremaa (Ösel in German this origin was scientifically proven by finds and Swedish) is one of the largest islands in of meteoritic iron. The geological/morphologi- the Baltic Sea, measuring 2,673 km2. It belongs cal characteristics of the island, in combina- to the West Estonian Archipelago. The island tion with the peculiar flora and fauna, together has a low population density, with only about with the archaeological, historical and cultural 40,000 people.
    [Show full text]
  • Higher Education Institution Kuressaare College, Tallinn
    ASSESSMENT REPORT Higher Education Kuressaare College, Tallinn University of Technology Institution Study programme group Personal Services Study Programme (s) Tourism and Catering Management Prof HE INTRODUCTION The aim of the assessment panel was the evaluation of the following professional higher education study programmes of the Personal Services study programme group: Estonian School of Hotel and Tourism Management Hotel Management Estonian School of Hotel and Tourism Management Tour Operation Estonian School of Hotel and Tourism Management Catering Management Tallinn University of Technology, Kuressaare College Tourism and Catering Management University of Tartu, Pärnu College Tourism and Hotel Management The evaluation looked at each of the study programmes separately, but also at their similarities and differences. The following persons formed the assessment panel: Prof Peter Mason, Department of Marketing, Tourism and Hospitality, Faculty of Business, Bedfordshire University, UK - chairman Dr Rong Huang, Plymouth School of Tourism and Hospitality, UK Associate Prof Remigijus Kinderis, Klaipeda State College, Lithuania Feliks Mägus, Nordic Hotels OÜ, Chairman of the Management Board, General Manager of Nordic Hotel Forum, Estonia Rasmus Kuusemets, Lääne-Viru Rakenduskõrgkool, student, Estonia After the preparation phase, the work of the assessment panel in Estonia started on Monday 24th November 2014 with an introduction to the Higher Education System as well as the assessment procedure by EKKA, the Estonian Quality assurance organisation for higher education. The members of the panel agreed the overall questions and areas to discuss with each group at the three institutions, which were part of the assessment process. The distribution of tasks between the members of the assessment panel was then organised and the concrete schedule of the site visits agreed.
    [Show full text]
  • Wave Climate and Coastal Processes in the Osmussaar–Neugrund Region, Baltic Sea
    Coastal Processes II 99 Wave climate and coastal processes in the Osmussaar–Neugrund region, Baltic Sea Ü. Suursaar1, R. Szava-Kovats2 & H. Tõnisson3 1Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia 2Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Estonia 3Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Estonia Abstract The aim of the paper is to investigate hydrodynamic conditions in the Neugrund Bank area from ADCP measurements in 2009–2010, to present a local long-term wave hindcast and to study coastal formations around the Neugrund. Coastal geomorphic surveys have been carried out since 2004 and analysis has been performed of aerial photographs and old charts dating back to 1900. Both the in situ measurements of waves and currents, as well as the semi-empirical wave hindcast are focused on the area known as the Neugrund submarine impact structure, a 535 million-years-old meteorite crater. This crater is located in the Gulf of Finland, about 10 km from the shore of Estonia. The depth above the central plateau of the structure is 1–15 m, whereas the adjacent sea depth is 20– 40 m shoreward and about 60 m to the north. Limestone scarp and accumulative pebble-shingle shores dominate Osmussaar Island and Pakri Peninsula and are separated by the sandy beaches of Nõva and Keibu Bays. The Osmussaar scarp is slowly retreating on the north-western and northern side of the island, whereas the coastline is migrating seaward in the south as owing to formation of accumulative spits. The most rapid changes have occurred either during exceptionally strong single storms or in periods of increased cyclonic and wave activity, the last high phase of which occurred in 1980s–1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Island Biogeography: Isolation Shapes the Life History Characteristics but Not Diversity of Root-Symbiotic Fungal Communities
    The ISME Journal https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0196-8 ARTICLE Microbial island biogeography: isolation shapes the life history characteristics but not diversity of root-symbiotic fungal communities 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 John Davison ● Mari Moora ● Maarja Öpik ● Leho Ainsaar ● Marc Ducousso ● Inga Hiiesalu ● Teele Jairus ● 3 4 1 1 5 1 Nancy Johnson ● Philippe Jourand ● Rein Kalamees ● Kadri Koorem ● Jean-Yves Meyer ● Kersti Püssa ● 1 1 6 7 1 1 Ülle Reier ● Meelis Pärtel ● Marina Semchenko ● Anna Traveset ● Martti Vasar ● Martin Zobel Received: 8 January 2018 / Revised: 7 March 2018 / Accepted: 29 March 2018 © International Society for Microbial Ecology 2018 Abstract Island biogeography theory is one of the most influential paradigms in ecology. That island characteristics, including remoteness, can profoundly modulate biological diversity has been borne out by studies of animals and plants. By contrast, the processes influencing microbial diversity in island systems remain largely undetermined. We sequenced arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal DNA from plant roots collected on 13 islands worldwide and compared AM fungal diversity on 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: islands with existing data from mainland sites. AM fungal communities on islands (even those >6000 km from the closest mainland) comprised few endemic taxa and were as diverse as mainland communities. Thus, in contrast to patterns recorded among macro-organisms, efficient dispersal appears to outweigh the effects of taxogenesis and extinction in regulating AM fungal diversity on islands. Nonetheless, AM fungal communities on more distant islands comprised a higher proportion of previously cultured and large-spored taxa, indicating that dispersal may be human-mediated or require tolerance of significant environmental stress, such as exposure to sunlight or high salinity.
    [Show full text]
  • Saare Maakonna Arengustrateegia 2019-2030 LISA 1 Hetkeolukorra Analüüs Tegevusvaldkondade Lõikes
    Saare maakonna arengustrateegia 2019-2030 LISA 1 Hetkeolukorra analüüs tegevusvaldkondade lõikes Majanduskeskkond • Eesti majanduse ülevaade Rahandusministeeriumi 2018. aasta kevadise majandusprognoosi kohaselt kasvas Eesti majandus 2017. aasta viimases kvartalis kiiresti ehk 5% aasta ja 2,2% kvartali arvestuses. SKP reaalakasv 2017. aasta kokkuvõttes ületas prognoositut ning ulatus 4,9%-ni ja nominaalne kasv 9%-ni. Majanduskasv põhines peamiselt sisenõudlusel, kuid jätkus ka ekspordi kasv. Tegevusalades toodetud lisandväärtuse kasv kiirenes 2016. aasta 1,5%-lt 5,6%-ni, peamisteks vedajateks olid ehitus ja valdavalt sisetarbimisele suunatud teenindusharud, nagu info ja side ning kutse- ja tehnikalane tegevus, mis tagasid kokku üle poole kogu lisandväärtuse juurdekasvust. OECD ennustab Eesti majandusele aeglast kasvu: 2018. aastal 3,7% ja 2019. aastal 3,2%, kuna tööjõud väheneb. Eratarbimine suureneb tänu üksikisiku tulumaksu vähenemisele ja palgakasvule. Euroala paranenud majanduskasv stimuleerib eksporti ja seda vaatamata tööjõu kallinemisele. Rahandusministeeriumi prognoosi kohaselt jääb majanduskasv ka 2018. aastal tugevaks (4%), kuid 2019–2020 on oodata majanduskasvu aeglustumist. Majanduskasvu peaks nendel aastatel toetama töötlev tööstus ja ekspordile orienteeritud teenindusvaldkonnad. Tugev nõudlus toob kaasa investeerimisaktiivsuse ja tarbimisvõime suuremise, mis avaldub kaubanduse, ehituse ja teiste peamiselt sisenõudlusest sõltuvate valdkondade kasvus. Töötleva tööstuse toodang võib välis- ja sisenõudluse toel suureneda 2018.
    [Show full text]