The Dates of Letters to and from Darwin's Correspondents Are Listed
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Biocontrol News and Information 27(4), 63N–79N pestscience.com General News David Greathead hoods. Both broom and tagasaste pods can be a seasonally important food source for kererū (an As this issue went to press we received the sad news endemic pigeon, Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), par- of the untimely death of Dr David Greathead at the ticularly in regions where its native food plants have age of 74. declined. A previous petition for the release of G. oli- vacea into New Zealand was rejected by the New Besides being a dedicated and popular Director of Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in CABI’s International Institute of Biological Control 1998 on the grounds that there was insufficient (IIBC), David was the driving force behind the estab- information to assess the relative beneficial and lishment and development of Biocontrol News and harmful effects of the proposed introduction. Information. He was an active member of its Edito- rial Board, providing advice and ideas right up to his As part of the submission to ERMA, Landcare death. Research quantified the expected costs and benefits associated with the introduction of additional biolog- We plan that the next issue will carry a full obituary. ical control agents for broom1. Due to uncertainties Please contact us if you would be willing to con- regarding the costs, a risk-averse approach was tribute information: commentary, personal adopted by assuming a worse-case scenario where memories or anecdotes on the contribution that tagasaste was planted to its maximum potential David made. extent in New Zealand (10,000 ha), levels of non- target damage to tagasaste were similar to those on Contact: Matthew Cock & Rebecca Murphy C. -
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Rec. zool. Surv. India llO(Part-2) 121-129, 2010 A REPORT ON THE PIERID BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA: INSECTA) FROM INDRA GANDHI NATIONAL PARK AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, TAMILNADU D. JEYABALAN* Zoological Survey of India, F.P.S. Building, 27, 1.L. Nehru Road Kolkata-700016, India INTRODUCTION Humid biome comprises primarily of wet evergreen, Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park sub-tropical evergreen, moist deciduous, dry (formerly known as the Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary) deciduous, semi-evergreen and montane-shola lies in the Coimbatore District of Tamil N adu from grasslands. The terrain here is thickly wooded hills, 10 0 12Y2' to 11 °07'N latitude and 76°00' to 77°56Y2'E plateaus, deep valleys and rolling grasslands. Both southwest and northeast monsoons occur here. The area longitude at the southern part of the Nilgiri Biosphere is drained by several perennial and semi-perennial river Reserve in the Anamalai Hills. Altitude ranges from 340m systems like the Kallar and Sholaiar rivers and contains to 2,51 Om and annual rainfall varies between 800 mm to man-made reservoirs such as Aliar and Thirumurthy. 4500 mm. The climate is moderately warm almost The main geological formations in the area are throughout the year and fairly cold during the winter horneblende-biotite and garnetiferous biotite gneissus, months of November and December (Sekar and charnockites and plagiodase porphyry dykes. Soil on Ganesan, 2003). the slopes consists of sandy loam. The unique Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park ecological tract has an undulating topography and is one of the hot spots of biodiversity in the Western climate variations which support a wide variety of flora Ghats covering 958 sq. -
Molecular Phylogeny and Systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): Higher Classification and Biogeography
Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082The Lin- nean Society of London, 2006? 2006 147? 239275 Original Article PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE PIERIDAEM. F. BRABY ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 147, 239–275. With 8 figures Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Pieridae (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea): higher classification and Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/147/2/239/2631026 by Harvard Library user on 21 November 2018 biogeography MICHAEL F. BRABY1,2*, ROGER VILA1 and NAOMI E. PIERCE1 1Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Received May 2004; accepted for publication October 2005 The systematic relationships of the butterfly family Pieridae are poorly understood. Much of our current under- standing is based primarily on detailed morphological observations made 50–70 years ago. However, the family and its putative four subfamilies and two tribes, have rarely been subjected to rigorous phylogenetic analysis. Here we present results based on an analysis of molecular characters used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Pieridae in order to infer higher-level classification above the generic level and patterns of historical biogeography. Our sample contained 90 taxa representing 74 genera and six subgenera, or 89% of all genera recognized in the family. Three complementary approaches were -
Insect Egg Size and Shape Evolve with Ecology but Not Developmental Rate Samuel H
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1302-4 Insect egg size and shape evolve with ecology but not developmental rate Samuel H. Church1,4*, Seth Donoughe1,3,4, Bruno A. S. de Medeiros1 & Cassandra G. Extavour1,2* Over the course of evolution, organism size has diversified markedly. Changes in size are thought to have occurred because of developmental, morphological and/or ecological pressures. To perform phylogenetic tests of the potential effects of these pressures, here we generated a dataset of more than ten thousand descriptions of insect eggs, and combined these with genetic and life-history datasets. We show that, across eight orders of magnitude of variation in egg volume, the relationship between size and shape itself evolves, such that previously predicted global patterns of scaling do not adequately explain the diversity in egg shapes. We show that egg size is not correlated with developmental rate and that, for many insects, egg size is not correlated with adult body size. Instead, we find that the evolution of parasitoidism and aquatic oviposition help to explain the diversification in the size and shape of insect eggs. Our study suggests that where eggs are laid, rather than universal allometric constants, underlies the evolution of insect egg size and shape. Size is a fundamental factor in many biological processes. The size of an 526 families and every currently described extant hexapod order24 organism may affect interactions both with other organisms and with (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Fig. 1). We combined this dataset with the environment1,2, it scales with features of morphology and physi- backbone hexapod phylogenies25,26 that we enriched to include taxa ology3, and larger animals often have higher fitness4. -
Control of Invasive Chromolaena Odorata an Evaluation in Some Land Use Types in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa
Control of Invasive Chromolaena odorata An evaluation in some land use types in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Phoebe Luwum February 2002 Control of Invasive Chromolaena odorata An evaluation in some land use types in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Thesis submitted to the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo- information and Earth Observation, Environmental Systems Analysis and Management. Degree Assessment Board: Chairman Dr. J. de Leeuw NRS Department, ITC External examiner Dr. D. M. Pegtel Laboratory for Plant Ecology Universiteit Groningen Internal examiner Dr. Y. Hussin NRS ITC Primary supervisor Dr. I. van Duren NRS ITC Secondary supervisor Dr. H. van Gils NRS ITC INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute. For mama TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables.............................................................................................................................................iv -
Diversity of Butterflies in Four Different Forest Types in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia
BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 16, Number 2, October 2015 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 196-204 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d160215 Diversity of butterflies in four different forest types in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia IMAM WIDHIONO Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University. Jl. Dr. Soeparno No. 68, Purwokerto, Banyumas 53122, Central Java, Indonesia. Tel. +62-281- 638794, Fax: +62-281-631700, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 26 May 2015. Revision accepted: 20 August 2015. Abstract. Widhiono I. 2015. Diversity of butterflies in four different forest types in Mount Slamet, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 16: 196-204. The study was carried out in four different habitat types (secondary forest, plantation forest, agroforest, and tourist area) on the southern slope of Mount Slamet, Baturaden Forest, Central Java, Indonesia from July 2009 to August 2010. A total of 99 species belonging to eight families showed a dominance of Nymphalidae (30 species) followed by Pieridae (17 species), Lycaenidae (15 species), Papilionidae (13 species), Satyridae (11 species), Danaidae (6 species), Amathusidae (4 species), and Riodinidae (3 species). From the 99 butterflies species found on the southern slope of Mount Slamet, 32 species (30%) were specific to the forest, whereas 63 species (60.6%) were common to all habitats sampled, and the last 10 species (9.4%) were endemics species with one protected species (Troides helena). The present results was showed that butterflies diversity, abundance, and endemism is still relatively high, representing 18% of all butterfly species found in Java and supporting 71.4% endemic species found in Central Java. The plantation forest were contributed the highest diversity and abundance of butterfly species, whereas the agroforest showed the lowest diversity, abundance, and endemism. -
Establishment of Two Biocontrol Agents on Chromolaena Odorata in South Africa
81 Establishment of two biocontrol agents on Chromolaena odorata in South Africa Lorraine W. Strathiel*, Costas Zachariadesl, Mil ly Gareebl and Debbie Sharpe 'ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X6006, Hilton 3245, South Africa 2Working for Water Program, Department of Water Affairs & Forestry, Private Bag X24, Howick 3290, South Africa, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Two insect species have been established on Chromolaena odorata along the southern coast of KwaZulu-Natal province (KZN), South Africa, and are spreading and increasing in density. Pareuchaetes insulata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) has a similar biology to the widely used congener P. pseudoinsulata. A culture of P. insulata collected from Florida, USA, was mass-reared and released at 17 sites from 2001 to 2003. The site, near the coastal town of Umkomaas, at which the greatest number of larvae was released is the only site at which they established. In late 2004, after the insect had virtually disappeared from the site during the 20 months after releases had ended, an outbreak was found 0.5 km from the point of release. Over the ensuing months, P. insulata re-appeared throughout the area within 1 km of this point. With good, prolonged summer rains in 2006, the population increased dramatically and plants within a 4 km radius of the release point, particularly in shady areas, were extensively defoliated and became yellow in color. Plant height was markedly decreased and in some places the plants were being out- competed by other species. Indicators of the presence of P. insulata were recorded over 20 km away in either direction along the coast and 10km inland. -
Running Head 1 the AGE of BUTTERFLIES REVISITED
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/259184; this version posted February 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Running head 2 THE AGE OF BUTTERFLIES REVISITED (AND TESTED) 3 Title 4 The Trials and Tribulations of Priors and Posteriors in Bayesian Timing of 5 Divergence Analyses: the Age of Butterflies Revisited. 6 7 Authors 8 NICOLAS CHAZOT1*, NIKLAS WAHLBERG1, ANDRÉ VICTOR LUCCI FREITAS2, 9 CHARLES MITTER3, CONRAD LABANDEIRA3,4, JAE-CHEON SOHN5, RANJIT KUMAR 10 SAHOO6, NOEMY SERAPHIM7, RIENK DE JONG8, MARIA HEIKKILÄ9 11 Affiliations 12 1Department of Biology, Lunds Universitet, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, Sweden. 13 2Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de 14 Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Caixa postal 6109, 15 Barão Geraldo 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. 16 3Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A. 17 4Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian 18 Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA; Department of Entomology and BEES 19 Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20741; and Key Lab of Insect 20 Evolution and Environmental Change, School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal 21 University, Beijing 100048, bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/259184; this version posted February 2, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Screening Foreign Plant Pathogens for Biological Control of Polygonum Perfoliatum, Mile-A-Minute (MAM)
248 Session 3 abstracts Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. (2000) Tropical Soda Apple (TSA), Solanum viarum, is an invasive shrub native to Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay. Its abundant fruits and seeds are disseminated by cattle, wildlife, and movement of contaminated seed, hay, and sod, which has facilitated its spread to Asia, Africa, and North and Central America. TSA was introduced into the U.S.A. in Florida in the 1980’s. Its rapid dissemination has led to infestation of more than 0.50 million ha (1.25 million acres) of agricultural and natural areas in Florida and eight other states (Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and Tennessee). Investigations of arthropods associated with TSA have been conducted in the southeastern U.S.A. to identify potential biological control agents and any niches they might occupy. More than 75 spp. of arthropods were collected from TSA. Many species were incidental, but approximately 2/3 were phytophagous. Some of these herbivores included polyphagous pests such as Heliothis virescens, Pseudoplusia includens, and Nezara viridula. Several oligophagous foliovores that fed on TSA are also pest species, such as Manduca sexta, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and Keiferia lycopersicella. Other native oligophages specializing on Solanaceae also fed on TSA, such as a mirid called the suckfly, Tupiocoris notatus, and a pyralid, Lineodes integra. Tupiocoris notatus caused severe leaf chlorosis on TSA and was found throughout the growing season, with popula- tions reaching maximum densities in Autumn (up to 500/plant). -
Notes on Mexican Actinote (Nymphalidae: Acraeinae) and Their Relatives, with Description of a New Subspecies
Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 32(4), 1978, 261-272 NOTES ON MEXICAN ACTINOTE (NYMPHALIDAE: ACRAEINAE) AND THEIR RELATIVES, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES JACQUELINE Y. MILLER AND LEE D. MILLER Allyn Museum of Entomology, 3701 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida 33580 ABSTRACT. The application of names described for South American species to their Central American, and especially Mexican, counterparts has led to great con fusion in the literature. Actinote stratonice oaxaca is described from Oaxaca, Mexico; this insect had been reported previously as the nominate subspecies. Three species of the Actinote thalia group, A. calderoni, lapitha and thalia are illustrated, redescribed and discussed. A key for the separation of the three species is provided. The first two species are recorded from Mexico-calderoni had been previously misidentified as lapitha from there. One name, A. lapitha zilchi Franz and Schroder, is synony mized to calderoni. Collecting in Mexico over the past forty years has yielded many butterfly species that were previously unknown from there, not a few of which were totally unexpected. These unexpected taxa have created many problems, usually for one of two reasons: 1) the butterfly was an already described Central or South American species and was de scribed as new from Mexico because of a lack of comparative material or an ignorance of the pertinent literature; or 2) many species (espe cially those figured and described in Seitz) incorrectly have been as cribed to the Mexican fauna, again because of a lack of adequate comparative material. Both situations are well demonstrated in the Nymphalidae: Acraeinae. The Hoffmann (1940) catalog lists only four species of this subfamily within the borders of Mexico, but recent collecting has uncovered one that has been misidentified in collections and in correspondence-the one with which the first-mentioned species had been confused and an undescribed subspecies of a well-known South American insect. -
New Taxa and New Records of Butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) 471-492 ©Ges
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2000 Band/Volume: 31 Autor(en)/Author(s): Monastyrskii Alexander L., Devyatkin Alexey L. Artikel/Article: New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) 471-492 ©Ges. zur Förderung d. Erforschung von Insektenwanderungen e.V. München, download unter www.zobodat.at Atalanta (December 2000) 31 (3/4):471-492, col, pis XVIII-XXIa, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 New taxa and new records of butterflies from Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) by A. L. Monastyrskii & A. L. Devyatkin received 3.VIII.2000 Summary: 6 new species and 6 new subspecies from different families of Rhopalocera are de scribed and illustrated, on the base of material collected in 1996-1999, mostly in the moun tain plateaus of Central Vietnam: Delias vietnamensis spec. nov. (Pieridae); Limenitis rileyi ngoclinensis subspec. nov., Calinaga funeralis spec, nov., C. sudassana distans subspec. nov. (Nymphalidae); Lethe philesana spec, nov., L. konkakini spec, nov., Zipoetis unipupillata an- namicus subspec. nov. (Satyridae); Stichophthalma louisa eamesi subspec. nov., S. uemurai gialaii subspec. nov. (Amathusiidae); Dodona speciosa spec, nov., D. katerina spec, nov., D. maculosa phuongi subspec. nov. (Riodinidae). 16 species are new records for the country, and further 3 are recorded for the first time from Central Vietnam. The data presented are the result of recent butterfly fauna surveys which were conducted dur ing the course of various conservation projects. The majority of new records and new taxa were discovered in the central provinces of Vietnam situated in Kontum plateau and in Anna mite montane area. -
Lepidoptera: Pieridae
Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKBIJBiological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4066© 2007 The Linnean Society of London? 2007 90? 413440 Original Article PHYLOGENY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE APORIINA M. F. BRABY ET AL. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 90, 413–440. With 7 figures Phylogeny and historical biogeography of the subtribe Aporiina (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): implications for the Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article-abstract/90/3/413/2701092 by Harvard University user on 21 November 2018 origin of Australian butterflies MICHAEL F. BRABY1,2*, NAOMI E. PIERCE1 and ROGER VILA1† 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MS 02138, USA 2School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Received 13 July 2005; accepted for publication 1 May 2006 The Australian fauna is composed of several major biogeographical elements reflecting different spatial and tem- poral histories. Two groups of particular interest are the Gondwanan Element, reflecting an ancient origin in Gond- wana or southern Gondwana (southern vicariance hypothesis), and the Asian Element, reflecting a more recent origin in Asia, Eurasia or Laurasia (northern dispersal hypothesis). Theories regarding the origin and evolution of butterflies (Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea) in Australia are controversial, with no clear consensus. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of the subtribe Aporiina, a widespread taxon with dis- junct distributions in each of the major zoogeographical regions. Attention is paid to origins of the subtribe in the Australian Region for which several conflicting hypotheses have been proposed for the Old World genus Delias Hüb- ner.