DOCSLIB.ORG

Leave No One Behind

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leave No One Behind LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND 01.06.2017 – 31.05.2021 ANNUAL PROGRESS REPORT JULY 2019 – JUNE 2020 Submitted by UNITED NATIONS JULY 2020 General Information This report is presented to the Programme Steering Committee and it provides a summary of the Leave No One Behind (LNB) programme’s main achievements during the implementation period of June 1st, 2019 – June 30th, 2020. The LNB programme, financed by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), is a four- year programme (2017-2021) implemented by UN agencies under the management of UNDP. The imple- mentation arrangements are formalized through a Standard Administrative Agreement on May 31, 2017, covering the period of June 1, 2017 – May 31, 2021. Its main goal is to empower the vulnerable persons in Albania to have equal access to public services and opportunities, to have a voice in public decision-making affecting their lives. Executive Summary The Government of Albania is committed to address social protection and inclusion, with a particular focus on the most marginalised groups with high proportions of them living close to the poverty line. Social Fund1, the Social Enterprise Fund2 and the Social Housing programmes are operational and constantly resourced in the recent years where Social Housing Programme is tripled in 20203 and integrated in the Medium-term Budget Program of MHSP. Cash benefits continue to take up more than 95% of social pro- tection expenditure at the central level in 2018 and 2019 as well. Non-cash social protection expenditure, including administration of social care services as well as management activities, has slightly increased in nominal terms (988 million Lek in 2018 and 2019, as opposed to 900 million Lek in 2017). The pace of growth of general government expenditures was faster than the increase in social protection expendi- tures. Local government own expenditure to social care services has increased and for the first time in 2019, local spending from discretionary resources is bigger than central government spending on social care services. In terms of the target municipalities, the 15 LNB target municipalities4 have spent 637 mil- lion Lek from their discretionary resources in social services, or more than 70% of all local discretionary spending in the sector. Leave No One Behind (LNB) programme (2017-2021) funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Coop- eration (SDC) and implemented by UN agencies under the management of UNDP is a response to govern- ment’s efforts to social inclusion of VGs. Its main goal is to empower the vulnerable persons in Albania to have equal access to public services and opportunities, to have a voice in public decision-making affecting their lives. LNB programme focuses on three interlinked outcomes: • Empowered persons with disabilities, Roma and Egyptians, and vulnerable women, to request and have access to social services, as a pre-condition to improve their lives • Enabled municipalities to effectively manage the provision of rights-based social services and promote social inclusion 1 150 million Lek were appropriated in the budget of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. 2 249 760 000 ALL 3 2,629,000,000 ALL in 2020 vs 730,000,000 ALL in 2019 44 Midline budget survey UNDP/LNB 2020 2 • Strengthen capacities of national institutions to implement their policy framework, to fund and pro- vide social services LNB has advanced in its third year of operation to support the Government of Albania, at central and local level. Continuous support in capacity building, advocacy, research and technical assistance have yielded visible results in achievement of programme outcomes and overall goal. Concrete results are achieved at several levels: (i) at community level: Vulnerable groups are empowered on their rights and entitlements to social services and are mobilized for a meaningful participation in advocacy forums and public consultation mechanisms supported by the programme (Local Social Dialogue Groups, Forums of Persons with Dis- abilities, Youth Voice Network, field reporters and Y-Peer Network) to advocate for their rights at cen- tral and local level, which are accounted in local social care plans and the public agenda of the gov- ernment. Over 7,000 R&E, PwD, women and youth engaged in forums and debates with local author- ities on issues of their concern such as access to social care services, employment, health and inclusive education. During COVID-19 lockdown, vulnerable groups were supported with information on pre- ventive measures on COVID-19 as well as emergency support and online counselling; (ii) at local government level: Thirty-six municipalities5 (59%) have developed social care plans and 19 (51%) of them already endorsed and responding to the needs of vulnerable men and women. Munic- ipalities have strengthened their capacities in social care service planning, budgeting, management and delivery. New innovative models of integrated social services are implemented in 3 municipali- ties6 and community-based services for persons with disabilities are being implemented at 8 munici- palities7 providing models of quality service delivery for vulnerable groups. Over 2,750 R&E, PwD, women and youth received quality social care services. Participatory Budgeting Network established in 6 municipalities along with an online network of professionals of community centers for children with disabilities operating in 8 municipalities8 to enable peer exchange and provision of online spe- cialized social services during COVID-19. Fifteen best practices across the country in social care ser- vices provision for vulnerable population is completed and available for dissemination and scale up at local level. (iii) at policy level: Relevant legal and financial framework for the efficient operation of social enterprises is in place and registration of social enterprises has initiated; legal framework on Social Housing is further completed with 15 by-laws approved and 17 pending approval, Law on Youth approved; the Law 93/2014 on Inclusion of and Accessibility for Persons with Disabilities has been completed with 1 by-law approved and 3 pending approval and; the Protocol on the Functioning of Public and Non- Public, Non-Residential Centers, Providing Services for Persons with Disabilities, during and after the Natural Disaster Period including the COVID-19 pandemic adopted. The work is ongoing to review existing national policies and action plans and alignment with EU accession agenda (Pre-University 5 Tirane, Durres, Korce, Shkoder, Vlore, Mallakaster, Sarande, Shijak, Malesia e Madhe, Librazhd, Maliq, Permet, Ura vajgurore, Fier, Pogradec, Bulqize 6 Kruja, Fier and Lezha 7 Diber, Ure Vajgurore, Permet. Dibra, Permet, Ure Vajgurore, Lushnje, Pogradec, Sarande, Bulqize, Shijak 8 Pogradec, Lushnje, Bulqize, Diber, Shijak, Ura Vajgurore, Përmet, and Saranda 3 Education Policy, National Action Plan of the Social Housing Strategy 2015 – 2025 and its Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, National Action Plan for PWD). LNB was subject to an independent mid-term review in January-February 2020 which rated highly satis- factory its relevance to the country’s needs and satisfactory its progress towards expected results/out- comes (Outcome 2: capacitated local government to deliver social services and Outcome 3: strengthening policy framework on social inclusion) and highly satisfactory progress to Outcome 1 (community empow- erment). The mid-term review acknowledged LNB’s contribution to systemic change in the country’s policy reform and legal framework on social inclusion, social care and social services and its responsiveness to the needs of vulnerable groups and their empowerment via advocacy, lobbying, networking, and awareness raising actions promoting social inclusion and social services at the national and/or local level.9 It also provided a set of recommendations to support LNB’s performance in the remaining implementation period for the current phase and its potential follow-up phase focusing mainly on i) ensuring that all municipalities achieve a basic level of progress linked to planning, budgeting and monitoring of social care services and provision, ii) ensuring full transfer of the results and their sustained operation by the partners, iii) contin- uing efforts to support the government to strengthen the function and delivery operations (effectiveness/ efficiency) of the recently established set of state financing mechanisms for social inclusion and social care services, iv) continuing to support the development of social care models (e.g. integrated service ap- proach, financing models for sharing of social services), v) supporting networking, knowledge sharing, peer to peer support, and the capitalization of experiences and results achieved so far between different partner groups. LNB faced two major challenges during this reporting period i) the aftermath of earthquake in November 2019 and ii) COVID 19 lock-down during March-June 2020, yet kept its focus sharp on supporting the most vulnerable in close coordination with local government and its partners at local level. LNB succeeded to adjust its modus operandi by being flexible in rapidly shifting from physical /face to face activities to the new reality of physical distancing, remote online working, monitoring and counselling of beneficiaries re- lying extensively on technology and ensuring delivery of activities as planned and also needed by benefi- ciaries. To maximize support and avoid overlapping, the interventions of UN agencies created synergies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mallakastra Studim Gjeografik
    REPUBLIKA E SHQIPËRISË UNIVERSITETI I TIRANËS FAKULTETI I HISTORISË DHE FILOLOGJISË DEPARTAMENTI I GJEOGRAFISË MALLAKASTRA STUDIM GJEOGRAFIK Studim gjeografik për marrjen e gradës shkencore “Doktor” PËRGATITI: UDHËHEQËS SHKENCOR: MSC. MARIGLEN SHERIFAJ PROF. DR.PERIKLI QIRIAZI TIRANË 2015 I UNIVERSITETI I TIRANËS FAKULTETI I HISTORISË DHE FILOLOGJISË DEPARTAMENTI I GJEOGRAFISË DISERTACION me titull MALLAKASTRA - STUDIM GJEOGRAFIK e paraqitur nga M.sc MARIGLEN SHERIFAJ NË KËRKIM TË GRADËS “ DOKTOR” NË SHKENCAT GJEOGRAFIKE Specialiteti : Gjeografi REGJIONALE Udhëheqës shkencor Prof. Dr. PERIKLI QIRIAZI U mbrojt më …./…/…………… Komisioni : 1………………………………... Kryetar 2………………………………… Anëtar ( oponent) 3………………………………… Anëtar ( oponent) 4………………………………… Anëtar 5………………………………… Anëtar Tiranë 2015 II Mirënjohje Është e vështirë të përmbledhësh me disa fjali mirënjohjen ndaj të gjithë individëve, institucioneve, miqve, kolegëve, profesorëve etj të cilët kanë kontribuar me literaturë, ide, këshilla, sugjerime, pse jo edhe vrejtje, për realizimin e këtij studimi disa vjeçar. Së pari desha t’i shpreh mirënjohjen familjes sime, për mbështetjen morale, financiare dhe lehtësirat që më ka krijuar gjatë realizimit të këtij studimi. Së dyti dëshiroj të falenderoj ish profesorët e mi, të cilët kanë vendosur secili nga një tullë në krijimin e bagazhit tim profesional dhe shkencor. Një falenderim të veçantë do t’ia kushtoja udhëheqësit tim Prof.Dr. Perikli Qiriazi ndihma e të cilit ka qenë e pakursyer që nga bankat e universitetit deri në fazën aktuale. Këmbëngulja, përkushtimi, dhe vullneti i tij i hekurt kanë shërbyer si etalon edhe për mua, për të realizuar një punim dinjitoz dhe me baza shkencore. Pjesë e mirënjohjes dhe e falenderimit janë edhe banorët e Mallakastrës të cilët më kanë ofruar mbështetje maksimale në identifikimin hapësinor dhe tiparet kulturore të kësaj krahine me tradita dhe zakone të trashëguara ndër shekuj.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport Closer to Youth” Is a Project Proposed by the Municipality of Librazhd to Address Closer the Needs of Youth in This Town Which Was Lacking a Sports Area
    SPORT & TOURISM EDUCATIONAL COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE Pilot Regional Grant Scheme PROGRAMME OF: About Regional Development Programme Albania III (RDPA) is a joint continuous effort to support the Regional Development reform in Albania, co-funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and the Austrian Development Agency (ADA), implemented in partnership with the Government of Albania. The main purpose of the RDPA programme is to reduce disparities in Albania by supporting the development of strong regions, so they can advance their potentials and provide better social and economic conditions for their citizens. The project also aims to increase regional cohesion, reduce inequalities in resource utilization, productivity and social/environmental standards. Edited and published by: Regional Development Programme Albania Tel.: +355 044 517870 [email protected] www.rdpa.al 2 Regional Pilot Grant Scheme BASHKITË PËRFITUESE MALËSI E MADHE MIRËDITË SHKODËR RAJONI 1 REGION 1 TROPOJË DIBËR DURRËS SHIJAK RAJONI 2 REGION 2 TIRANË BELSH KUÇOVË LIBRAZHD RAJONI 3 REGION 3 URA VAJGURORE FIER KËLCYRË PATOS RAJONI 4 REGION 4 VLORË 4 RDAs 61 Municipalities 47 Applications 16 Projects Selected Total Grant - 822 000 EUR 3 MUNICIPALITY OF MIRDITA INTERVENTION The project “Promotion of Mountain tourism “Promotion in Mirdita Municipality” aimed at boosting tourism in the territory of Mirdita by of Mountain transforming the natural resources of the area into touristic products, attractable and Tourism in accessible for tourists. In this framework the intervention contributed to the improvement Mirditë” of economic indicators of the area. This Project is in line with the priorities of the Municipality of Mirdita which aims to develop mountain tourism and increase the number of tourists ensuring higher revenues for local Size of Grant businesses and operators in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Governance Mapping in Albania 2020
    LOCAL GOVERNANCE MAPPING IN ALBANIA 2020 Funded by the European Union Governance Perception in a Reforming Albania Nationwide Local Governance Mapping in Albania 2020 AUTHORS IDRA Research & Consulting and Human Development Promotion Center (HDPC) Funded by the European Union Disclaimer STAR2 - Consolidation of Territorial and Administrative Reform - is a project funded by the European Union, Sweden, Italy, Switzerland, USAID, UNDP and the Government of Albania. The project's implementing partner is the Minister of Interior. The project is implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Oce in Albania. This report has been drafted in the framework of the above project by IDRA. The presented results are obtained from the calculation of the perceptions and evaluations expressed by the participants in the assessment, selected through the procedure described in the Methodology of this study. The views, comments and opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reect the views of the aforemen- tioned institutions. 4 LOCAL GOVERNANCE MAPPING IN ALBANIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is funded by STAR2 and implemented by a consortium composed of IDRA Research & Consulting (leader), Human Development and Promo- tion Centre - HDPC (member – involved in data analysis and report writing) and Gender Alliance for Development Centre – GADC (member – involved in data collection). The report acknowledges the joint eorts of all organiza- tions involved. The authors would like to thank UNDP Albania local governance team, STAR2 project sta, the Ministry of Interior and the Agency for Support of Local Self-governance in Albania for their valuable guidance on the local governance mapping methodology, coordination with dierent central government and municipal stakeholders and helpful comments and suggestions throughout the exercise.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Oil Development Activities on Environment and Sustainable Development in Fier Area, Albania
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 2, No. 9 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing-Rome,Italy October 2013 The Impact of Oil Development Activities on Environment and Sustainable Development in Fier Area, Albania Aulent Guri PhD in progress in Economy and Sustainable Development at UET University, Albania, Environmental Expert at Tirana Municipality, Albania. [email protected] Sazan Guri Prof.asc. Lecturer on Environmental Right in Vitrina University, Albania [email protected] Armend Aliu PhD in progress in Finance, Lecturer at University of Prishtina – Kosovo, Faculty of Economy. [email protected] Otjela Lubonja PhD in progress in Economy and Sustainable Development, Lecturer at Vitrina University, Faculty of Architecture, Tirana Albania. [email protected] Doi:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n9p626 Abstract In this area, a dynamic technological activity is still exerted, which arrived to evidently influence in around environment with their wastes, making so a dangerous risk for human health and natural. That’s why; this region is classified by the UNDP among the nine hot spots in Albania. The selected surface for study is around 200km2. The oil and gas field of Fier area is considered as one of the less managed zones, because of absence and damages in land, water and air, where the throwing of the oil waste in surface has not permitted the development of pedogenic processes. It has brought the deficit of soil, and consequently the right agrarian cultivation has not been permitted. The light hydrocarbons, which disturbed the two cities, introduce toxic indications in concentration of 3-5mg/l. Among the main problems are the stream waters that have in their composition oil components, such as phenol, different hydrocarbons, tension-active matters, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • L92427008F Tropojë J98021904S Klos Bulqizë K37513881M
    Nr Nr. Leje Date Emri i subjektit Nipt Bashkia Emertimi i vendburimit Lloji i Mineralit S=km2 1 126/1 11.01.1995 Kumega shpk J68118904D Mat Dukagjin, Rrethi Mat Kuarc 0.006 Oskeola shpk.(Ish Kuarci- Bllacë Vrith, Pukë 2 223/1 18.12.1995 K81407085C Pukë Krom 0.027 shpk) 3 226 26.12.1995 INERTOBETONI shpk J64228817E Sarandë Lukovë Sarandë (Gur gëlqeror) Gur gëlqeror 0.1820 4 232/2 29.12.1995 GLOBAL-CHROME shpk L92427008F Tropojë Maja e Gjate 2 Krom 0.01 5 234/1 29.12.1995 Bledi shpk K36811904G Tropojë Qafe Prushit 3 Krom 0.019 6 253 01.04.1996 XHIRETON shpk J71909005P Bulqizë Mali Lopes Krom 0.045 7 276 15.05.1996 OFMAN shpk J68117219D Kukës Bria e Minit, afer Surroj-t Krom 0.0007 8 297/1 24.06.1996 MALI shpk K08906611T Tropojë Per minieren e Ragam 2 Krom 0.02 9 349/2 11.02.1997 Guri I Arte shpk M01413034G Tropojë Objekti Kallmisht Krom 0.012 10 355/1 17.06.1997 Selenice Bitumi K16815202M Selenicë Selenice Bitum, Zhavor Bituminoz 1.543 11 390/1 22.01.1998 ROMSI shpk J86510257N Selenicë Vidhat e Haxhiut Zhavor Bituminoz 0.099 Afrimi-K Shpk (Ish FLORIDA 12 442 19.02.1999 K07713216Q Tropojë Maja e Lajthizes Krom 0.072 shpk) 13 447/1 19.02.1999 Besjana Sh.p.k K07729915P Klos Qafe e Burrelit Krom 0.076 14 450/1 24.02.1999 KURTI shpk K07729906Q Dibër Vanas Krom 0.02 15 458/4 19.03.1999 ATEANI MINING shpk L88520901F Bulqizë Liqeni I Sopeve Z= +1680 e poshte Krom 1.691 16 459/1 26.03.1999 LESHNICA shpk K67617205B Kukës Leshnice Krom 0.015 17 463 08.04.1999 SHKALLA shpk J98021904S Klos Shkalle, Klos Krom 0.333 18 464/1 04.05.1999 Jaho Mat shpk K07729917I
    [Show full text]
  • Reconciliation of Revenues Received by the Municipality of Patos from Royalty Payments and the Administration of Funds for the Benefits of the Community in 2012
    Reconciliation of revenues received by the Municipality of Patos from royalty payments and the administration of funds for the benefits of the community in 2012 Municipality of Patos Albania EITI Secretariat 2015 September 9 Table 1 Comparison between local The Economy government budgetary funds and funds received by Royalty Budget Royalty Table 2 Legislation Local Units beneficiary of Royalty in a. Laws for royalty 2012-2013 b. Guidelines of Ministry of Finance Table 3 Content c. Percentage of the Royalty according to Information and data reported by the classification for Hydro-Carbon Sector Municipality of Patos Executive overview Patos Municipality Contribution of extractive industry to Albania Table 4 Economy Communes near the area Information and data reported by Commune of Mbrostar Contribution of Royalty by extractive areas Geography Demography Control over the use of Royalty funds Culture and Sport _________________________________________ Conclusions Albania EITI Secretariat _________________________________________ Recommendations The accomplishment of this task is carried out ○ The Royalty funds collected and delivered by in accordance with the competences given to the Ministry of Finance have been identified EITI Albania on the collection and processing for the whole country and in particular for of data and official information for Patos Municipality. reconciliation of the income received from royalty fund and the administration of these ○ On-site verification on the administration of royalty funds given to Patos Municipality based funds delivered to Patos Municipality in 2012 on law procedures, rules and the relevant The main objective is the verification of the projects approved to the benefit of the Pursuant to tasks arising from the MSG delivery process of the Royalty funds and the community in the extractive industry areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study for the Master Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry of Albania Final Report
    MINISTRY OF ECONOMY, TRADE AND ENERGY (METE) REPUBLIC OF ALBANIA THE STUDY FOR THE MASTER PLAN FOR PROMOTING THE MINING INDUSTRY OF ALBANIA FINAL REPORT November 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY MITSUBISHI MATERIALS TECHNO CORPORATION KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. IDD JR 10-151 PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of the Republic of Albania, the Government of Japan decided to conduct “The study for the Master Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry in Albania” and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA selected and dispatched a study team, headed by Mr. Yoshiaki Shibata of Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation, consisting of experts from Mitsubishi Materials Techno Corporation and Kokusai Kogyo Co., Ltd., for six times between a period from May 2009 to November 2010. The study team held discussion with the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Albania and conducted field study in Albania. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted further studies and the final report was completed. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of mining development of the Republic of Albania and also to the enhancement of friendly relationship between two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of Albania for their close cooperation extended to the study. Ms. Kyoko Kuwajima Director General Industrial Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency November 2010 November 2010 Ms. Kyoko Kuwajima Director General Industrial Development Department Japan International Cooperation Agency Letter of Transmittal Dear Sir, We are pleased to submit herewith the final report of “The Study of the Mater Plan for Promoting the Mining Industry of Albania”.
    [Show full text]
  • Albania: Shkodra Floods
    DREF operation n° MDRAL003 ALBANIA: GLIDE n° FL-2010-000248-ALB 6 June, 2011 SHKODRA FLOODS The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) is a source of un-earmarked money created by the Federation in 1985 to ensure that immediate financial support is available for Red Cross Red Crescent response to emergencies. The DREF is a vital part of the International Federation’s disaster response system and increases the ability of National Societies to respond to disasters. Summary: CHF 204,031 (USD 208,860 or EUR 156,274) has been allocated from the IFRC’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) on 06 December, 2010 to support the National Society in delivering immediate assistance to some 2,000 families in temporary accommodation with fresh food and in their flooded houses basic food and non-food items. For the second time in 2010 Albanian Red Cross with the support of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and other Movement partners as well as international and local donors acted to respond to floods. This time around the operation Relief distribution in Obot, Dajç Commune addressed the needs of 4,100 families affected in Photo: Albanian Red Cross CCCrossCross Shkodra Prefecture and 373 families in other districts as well. The families were provided with basic food and non-food relief items including food, blankets, hygiene kits and kitchen sets. The Roma people in temporary accommodation received fresh food on a daily basis for about one month. Awareness-raising activities were conducted to inform the communities about the risks threatening them, health and hygiene issues, including water contamination.
    [Show full text]
  • Women Entrepreneurs in Albania
    SEED Working Paper No. 21 InFocus Programme on Boosting Employment through Small EnterprisE Development Job Creation and Enterprise Department Series on Women’s Entrepreneurship Development and Gender in Enterprises — WEDGE Women Entrepreneurs in Albania by Mimoza Bezhani International Training Centre of the ILO, International Labour Office · Geneva Turin, Italy Copyright © International Labour Organization 2001 First published 2001 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to the Publications Bureau (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; e-mail: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 [Fax: (+1) (978) 750 4470; e-mail: [email protected]] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. ILO Women Entrepreneurs in Albania Geneva, International Labour Office, 2001 ISBN 92-2-112758-3 Based on original document: Biznesi i Gruas në Shqipëri = L’imprenditorialità femminile in Albania, published by the International Training Centre of the ILO, Turin, 1999 (without ISBN). The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers.
    [Show full text]
  • ALBANIA by Walter G
    THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF ALBANIA By Walter G. Steblez1 Chromite, copper, ferrochromium, nickeliferrous iron ore, The environmental landscape of Albania is similar in kind, and petroleum refinery products were the chief mineral but not in degree, to that of other former centrally planned commodities that have been produced in Albania and, which economy countries of Eastern Europe that were former until recently, constituted the major component of foreign members of the CMEA. The more serious point sources of exchange earnings. From 1945 until 1991, Albania's industry environmental pollution were industrial sites, such as mining, and general economy developed under a system of central beneficiation, smelting and refining complexes (chromite, economic planning. During this period, the Government copper, iron ore, etc.), the Elbasan iron and steel plant, primarily focused its efforts on establishing and maintaining petroleum refineries, lignite-fired thermal electric power maximum economic self-sufficiency. Industry was developed stations, and chemical plants.2 With technology even further largely without reference to the world market, but in out of date than that at similar facilities in former CMEA accordance with policies and economic structures dictated to countries, Albania's industrial facilities were not only less all former member-countries of the Council for Mutual efficient than those in other Eastern European countries, but Economic Assistance (CMEA) by the former Soviet Union also more polluting. The chief distinction between heavy (FSU). Albania was an active member of CMEA until 1961, industry in Albania and that in other former Eastern although subsequently the country became inactive in this European members of the CMEA was that of scale, with organization because of political differences with the FSU.
    [Show full text]
  • The Natural Heritage of Librazhd‟S District, in Function of the Stable Development
    European Scientific Journal September 2014 /SPECIAL/ edition Vol.2 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 THE NATURAL HERITAGE OF LIBRAZHD‟S DISTRICT, IN FUNCTION OF THE STABLE DEVELOPMENT Qamil Lirëza University "A.Xhuvani" Elbasan, Department of History and Geography, Albania Abstract During the treatment of this paper it is aimed the accurate characterization of natural objects that constitute the natural heritage of this region, as well as the proposals for new monuments. In this article it is conducted a genuine scientific work for the analysis of these monuments and the values associated with them. The basic method that is used in the treatment of this paper has been the one of direct field observations, analyzing these aspects; their physical condition, size, prognosis and photography. The paper has scientific value to researchers in the field of geography and local authorities. The main part in the paper is occupied by the results of the performed work in the following areas: The assessment of the natural conditions of this district, in function ofthe natural monuments. The classification of natural monuments; geomonuments, bio and hidromonuments. The physical analysis of the declared monuments,explaining their current situation and future trend.Their association with different views. Proposals for new natural monuments, for those objects that meet the criteria of being such. All these proposed monuments, are analyzed by the natural aspect, and accompanied by photos. At the end of this paper are given the conclusions, noting that the natural heritage of this district is a national asset. There are given some recommendations such as; their defence is responsibility of the state and of all the public opinion.
    [Show full text]
  • Decentralisation and Local Economic Development in Albania Merita Toskaa, Anila Bejko (Gjika)B
    Annual Review of Territorial Governance in the Western Balkans, I, 2019, 53-68 53 Journal of the Western Balkan Network on Territorial Governance Print ISSN 2706-6371 https://doi.org/10.32034/CP-TGWBAR-I01-05 Decentralisation and Local Economic Development in Albania Merita Toskaa, Anila Bejko (Gjika)b Summary Local governance in Albania has been the subject of several reforms over the last few years. The consolidation of local self-government units into 61 municipalities through the administrative and territorial reform was accompanied by the approval of a new law on local self-government, a new strategy for decentralization, and the devolution of some new functions to the local level. The completion of the legislative framework with a law dedicated to local finances was of particular importance for local governments. Nevertheless, while the available financial resources to the 61 municipalities are assessed to have followed an upward trend, their allocation seems to have had different effects on local economic development. Stronger decentralization and fiscal autonomy at the local level leads to better services for citizens, and theoretically translates into favourable conditions for promoting local economic development. This article assesses the relationship between the local government decentralization processes undertaken after 2010 in Albania and local economic development. The results, based on data for the period 2010-2018, are different for municipalities of different sizes, demonstrating the need to complement decentralization reforms with instruments that enhance local capacity and are tailored to local needs. Furthermore, it is concluded that these findings are introductory and not exhaustive, as long as a commonly agreed indicator approximating local economic development is not set.
    [Show full text]