Dynamic Load Balancing of Virtual Machines Hosted on Xen
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Homework #5 Answer Key
CS312 Homework #5 Answer Key March 9, 2016 Questions 1. Load balancers are designed to help with vertical scaling. (a) True (b) False 2. Layer 7 load balancers allow you to use both connection tracking and inspection of packets including modification of packets. (a) True (b) False 3. Linux containers do not require hypervisors (a) True (b) False 1 4. The RUN command can be used more than once in a Dockerfile. (a) True (b) False 5. The PID Namespace allows users to see processes from other containers (a) True (b) False 6. Paravirtualization uses cpu supported virtualization. (a) True (b) False 7. Which software load balancer primarily acts as an HTTP accelerator and a static cache server? (a) HAProxy (b) Apache (c) nginx (d) Varnish 8. Which of the following is not true about Linux Containers? (a) Operating system level virtualization (b) Provides little overhead (c) Fully emulates an operating system (d) Allows limits to resources with cgroups 9. Which service describes a virtual computing platform? (a) IaaS (b) PaaS (c) SaaS (d) VaaS 2 10. Describe the potential problems of using Round Robin DNS. • Depending on the implementation of the client resolver, this can be somewhat random or not. • Some resolvers always use alphabetical ordering. • DNS Caching and Time-To-Live (TTL) issues. • If the site goes down, you have to update DNS to reroute traffic which can cause problems. 11. Which scheduling algorithm is generally preferred if the web application uses sessions? Source Connection 12. Which HAProxy configuration section allows you to define a complete proxy? listen 13. -
Using EMC VNX Storage with Vmware Vsphere Techbook CONTENTS
Using EMC® VNX® Storage with VMware vSphere Version 4.0 TechBook P/N H8229 REV 05 Copyright © 2015 EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. Published in the USA. Published January 2015 EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice. The information in this publication is provided as is. EMC Corporation makes no representations or warranties of any kind with respect to the information in this publication, and specifically disclaims implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license. EMC2, EMC, and the EMC logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of EMC Corporation in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. For the most up-to-date regulatory document for your product line, go to EMC Online Support (https://support.emc.com). 2 Using EMC VNX Storage with VMware vSphere TechBook CONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 Configuring VMware vSphere on VNX Storage Technology overview................................................................................... 18 EMC VNX family..................................................................................... 18 FLASH 1st.............................................................................................. 18 MCx multicore optimization.................................................................. -
5 Ways Vmware Vsphere Improves Backup and Recovery
5 Ways VMware vSphereChapter1. Improves An Introduction Backup and to VMware Recovery Virtualization CONTENTS CONTENTS..............................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................2 A BRIEF HISTORY OF VMWARE ..............................................................................3 VIRTUALIZATION ARCHITECTURE...........................................................................4 THE HYPERVISOR............................................................................................................................4 RINGS IN VIRTUALIZATION..............................................................................................................7 CPU SCHEDULER............................................................................................................................9 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ESX & ESXI.............................................................................................9 WHAT IS A VIRTUAL MACHINE?...........................................................................12 ENCAPSULATION.......................................................................................................................... 12 VIRTUAL MACHINE HARDWARE ................................................................................................. 13 VIRTUAL MACHINE FILES ........................................................................................................... -
Introduction to Virtualization Virtualization
Introduction to Virtualization Prashant Shenoy Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 1 Virtualization • Virtualization: extend or replace an existing interface to mimic the behavior of another system. – Introduced in 1970s: run legacy software on newer mainframe hardware • Handle platform diversity by running apps in VMs – Portability and flexibility Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 2 Types of Interfaces • Different types of interfaces – Assembly instructions – System calls – APIs • Depending on what is replaced /mimiced, we obtain different forms of virtualization Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 3 Types of Virtualization • Emulation – VM emulates/simulates complete hardware – Unmodified guest OS for a different PC can be run • Bochs, VirtualPC for Mac, QEMU • Full/native Virtualization – VM simulates “enough” hardware to allow an unmodified guest OS to be run in isolation • Same hardware CPU – IBM VM family, VMWare Workstation, Parallels,… Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 4 Types of virtualization • Para-virtualization – VM does not simulate hardware – Use special API that a modified guest OS must use – Hypercalls trapped by the Hypervisor and serviced – Xen, VMWare ESX Server • OS-level virtualization – OS allows multiple secure virtual servers to be run – Guest OS is the same as the host OS, but appears isolated • apps see an isolated OS – Solaris Containers, BSD Jails, Linux Vserver • Application level virtualization – Application is gives its own copy of components that are not shared • (E.g., own registry files, global objects) - VE prevents conflicts – JVM Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 5 Examples • Application-level virtualization: “process virtual machine” • VMM /hypervisor Computer Science CS691D: Hot-OS Lecture 2, page 6 The Architecture of Virtual Machines J Smith and R. -
Using Ganeti for Running Highly Available Virtual Services
Using Ganeti for running highly available virtual services 2016-04-21, HEPiX Spring 2016, Zeuthen Overview ● What is Ganeti ● What is it good for ● How does it work ● NDGF usage 2 What is Ganeti ● A software stack for managing virtual machines – Like VMware or OpenStack or libvirt or ... – Supporting Xen or KVM hypervisors – Handles ● Storage: volume creation and assignment ● OS installation and customization ● Networking ● Startup, shutdown, live migration, failover of instances – Written in Python and Haskell – Aimed for ease of use and fast and simple error recovery after physical failures on commodity hardware 3 What is Ganeti ● Mainly developed by Google for their own use – Handles VMs for corporate network (office servers, remote desktops etc), not production services (what non-employees see) ● Outside Google – Debian – NDGF-T1 – Lufthansa – Etc ● Maintained by Google with significant external contributions 4 What is Ganeti good at ● Running highly available services on a small set of hardware – DRBD or external reliable block devices (CEPH, Enterprise storage) – Live migrations in case of impending hardware failure ● Or reboot into new kernel security upgrade on the hardnode – Failover handled automatically in case of sudden hardware failure – No external dependencies beyond networking ● Well, if you use external storage... ● But no extra servers or services needed – Typical reasonable cluster size, 3 – 50 hardnodes ● Multiple clusters integrate well though in admin tools 5 How does Ganeti work ● gnt-cluster init ... – Creates a cluster of ganeti nodes – We'll assume DRBD for storage, as at NDGF – One member is a master node ● Others can take over with master-failover if they can get quorum A B C D E 6 How does Ganeti work ● gnt-instance add – Creates VMs, with OS install scripts (image, debootstrap, pxe) – Each VM has a secondary location (DRBD mirror, sync) A B C D E 7 How does Ganeti work ● gnt-instance migrate – No noticable service impact from live migration, <1s network pause ● Unless something is broken.. -
IBM Virtual Machine Facility/370 : Systems Introduction
GC20-1800-0 IBM Virtual Machine Facility/370 : Systems Introduction The IBM Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) is a System Control Program (SCP) that has been designed specifically for the IBM System/370. VM/370 manages the IBM System/370 in such a way that mUltiple remote terminal users appear to have a dedicated computing system at their disposal. Within this "virtual machine" the user may run the operaHng system of his choice, subject to the restrictions noted in "Appendix C: VM/370 Restrictions" of this manual. The design of VM/370 is based on the IBM Control Program-67/Cam bridge Monitor System (CP-67/CMS) which is executed on an IBM System/360 Model 67. The Conversational Monitor System (CMS) is the major subsystem ofVM/370. CMS provides problem solving and program development services to the user, as well as supporting facilities for a remote user who chooses to run some other operating system in his virtual machine. This manual provides introductory information about the facilities provided by VM/370, and defines the min imum equipment configuration necessary for execution. Preface This manual provides introductory information on the IBM Virtual Machine Facility/370 (VM/370) and its associated subsystem, the Conversational Monitor Sys tem (CMS), as well as an overview of the purpose and functions of VM/370. It is assumed that the user has a prior knowledge of virtual storage concepts as implemented on the IBM System/370 via dynamic address translation. The reader is referred to Part I of the student text publication Introduction to Virtual Storage in System/370, Order No. -
System Administration Guide
Experion PKS Release 516 System Administration Guide EPDOC-X139-en-516A August 2020 DISCLAIMER This document contains Honeywell proprietary information. Information contained herein is to be used solely for the purpose submitted, and no part of this document or its contents shall be reproduced, published, or disclosed to a third party without the express permission of Honeywell International Sàrl. While this information is presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, Honeywell disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a purpose and makes no express warranties except as may be stated in its written agreement with and for its customer. In no event is Honeywell liable to anyone for any direct, special, or consequential damages. The information and specifications in this document are subject to change without notice. Copyright 2020 - Honeywell International Sàrl 2 Contents CONTENTS Contents 3 Chapter 1 - About this guide 9 Before reading this guide 10 Chapter 2 - System administration 11 Administering users 12 Windows user accounts 12 Users and groups 12 Passwords administration 13 Deleting a user 13 Experion Operator accounts 14 Control Builder client licenses 14 Administering displays 15 Changing service account passwords 16 Service account scope types 18 Changing passwords for single-machine scope accounts 21 Changing passwords for multi-machine scope accounts 22 Preparing to change passwords for system-wide scope accounts 23 Changing passwords for system-wide scope accounts 26 Changing DSA Advanced Security -
Virtual Machine Benchmarking Kim-Thomas M¨Oller Diploma Thesis
Universitat¨ Karlsruhe (TH) Institut fur¨ Betriebs- und Dialogsysteme Lehrstuhl Systemarchitektur Virtual Machine Benchmarking Kim-Thomas Moller¨ Diploma Thesis Advisors: Prof. Dr. Frank Bellosa Joshua LeVasseur 17. April 2007 I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my own work, and that all informa- tion sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. I also certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted as part of requirements for a degree. Hiermit erklare¨ ich, die vorliegende Arbeit selbstandig¨ und nur unter Benutzung der angegebenen Literatur und Hilfsmittel angefertigt zu haben. Alle Stellen, die wortlich¨ oder sinngemaߨ aus veroffentlichten¨ und nicht veroffentlichten¨ Schriften entnommen wurden, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit hat in gleicher oder ahnlicher¨ Form keiner anderen Prufungsbeh¨ orde¨ vorgelegen. Karlsruhe, den 17. April 2007 Kim-Thomas Moller¨ Abstract The resurgence of system virtualization has provoked diverse virtualization tech- niques targeting different application workloads and requirements. However, a methodology to compare the performance of virtualization techniques at fine gran- ularity has not yet been introduced. VMbench is a novel benchmarking suite that focusses on virtual machine environments. By applying the pre-virtualization ap- proach for hypervisor interoperability, VMbench achieves hypervisor-neutral in- strumentation of virtual machines at the instruction level. Measurements of dif- ferent virtual machine configurations demonstrate how VMbench helps rate and predict virtual machine performance. Kurzfassung Das wiedererwachte Interesse an der Systemvirtualisierung hat verschiedenartige Virtualisierungstechniken fur¨ unterschiedliche Anwendungslasten und Anforde- rungen hervorgebracht. Jedoch wurde bislang noch keine Methodik eingefuhrt,¨ um Virtualisierungstechniken mit hoher Granularitat¨ zu vergleichen. VMbench ist eine neuartige Benchmarking-Suite fur¨ Virtuelle-Maschinen-Umgebungen. -
Virtualization with Cisco UCS, Nexus 1000V, and Vmware Technology Design Guide
Virtualization with Cisco UCS, Nexus 1000V, and VMware TECHNOLOGY DESIGN GUIDE August 2013 Table of Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................1 CVD Navigator .............................................................................................................................2 Use Cases .................................................................................................................................. 2 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 2 Proficiency .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................4 Technology Use Cases ............................................................................................................... 4 Use Case: Reduce Application Deployment Time ................................................................... 5 Use Case: Simplify Network Management in the Data Center ................................................ 5 Use Case: Increase Network Performance in the Hypervisor Environment ............................. 5 Design Overview ........................................................................................................................ -
Managed Conversion of Guests to Ovirt
Managed Conversion of Guests to oVirt Arik Hadas Senior Software Engineer Red Hat 21/8/15 KVM Forum, August 2015 Agenda ● Motivation ● Architecture ● Demonstration ● Implementation ● Future work KVM Forum, August 2015 Many ways to run Virtual Machines ● There are many virtualization tools ● Different hypervisors – KVM, E !"E Xi, Xen, VirtualBo$, .%% ● Different management systems – oVirt, virt'manager, v phere, Ganeti, .%% KVM Forum, August 2015 “I don't want to lose my VMs” ● Virtualization technologies are used for a long time ● +o standardization ● ,eople are tied up to the technologies they currently use ● Conversion tools are neede). KVM Forum, August 2015 virt-v2v ● ,art of virt tools – /pen source virtualization management tools ● Foreign hypervisor -0 KVM ● Standalone conversion tool KVM Forum, August 2015 Conversion to oVirt using virt-v2v ● Converts disk formats ● Enables VirtIO drivers (If needed) – Network, torage ● Fixes boot'loader ● ,roduces full oVirt-compatible OVF ● Outputs the VM in oVirt's export domain KVM Forum, August 2015 Drawbacks ● Slow ● Tedious ● Error-prone ● 5equires separate installation ● Do not support conversion of OVA 7les ● Error handlin& KVM Forum, August 2015 Our goal Improve the conversion process to oVirt – Faster – Tools are availa1le – Graphical user interface ● To con7&ure ● To monitor/cancel – Ro1ust – Support conversion of OVA files KVM Forum, August 2015 Design principles ● 8se virt-v9v capabilities – For &uest-level operations ● oVirt mana&es the conversion – -on7&ure conversion properties -
Simuboost: Scalable Parallelization of Functional System Simulation
SimuBoost: Scalable Parallelization of Functional System Simulation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften von der KIT-Fakultät für Informatik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl.-Inform. Marc Rittinghaus aus Iserlohn Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.07.2019 Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. Frank Bellosa Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Hans P. Reiser Universität Passau KIT – Universität des Landes Baden-Württemberg und nationales Forschungszentrum in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft www.kit.edu Abstract Gathering detailed run-time information such as memory access traces in operating system and security research often involves functional full system simulation (FFSS). The simulator runs the workload of interest in a virtual machine (VM), gradually interpreting or translating instructions so that they operate on the state of the VM and allow for comprehensive instrumentation. While functional full system simulation is a powerful tool, a severe limitation is its immense slowdown. For QEMU, we have measured average slowdowns of 30x and 60x for plain simulation and tracing of memory accesses, respectively. Simulators offering more advanced instrumentation capabilities can even be an order of magnitude slower. This quickly renders functional simulation impractical for long-running, networked, or interactive workloads. Furthermore, the slowdown creates unrealistic timing behavior whenever activities external to the virtual machine (e.g., I/O) are involved. In this thesis, we present SimuBoost, a method for drastically accelerating func- tional full system simulation. SimuBoost runs the workload in a fast and interactive hardware-assisted virtual machine while periodically taking checkpoints. These checkpoints then serve as starting points for simulations, enabling to simulate and analyze each interval simultaneously in one job per interval. -
Pipenightdreams Osgcal-Doc Mumudvb Mpg123-Alsa Tbb
pipenightdreams osgcal-doc mumudvb mpg123-alsa tbb-examples libgammu4-dbg gcc-4.1-doc snort-rules-default davical cutmp3 libevolution5.0-cil aspell-am python-gobject-doc openoffice.org-l10n-mn libc6-xen xserver-xorg trophy-data t38modem pioneers-console libnb-platform10-java libgtkglext1-ruby libboost-wave1.39-dev drgenius bfbtester libchromexvmcpro1 isdnutils-xtools ubuntuone-client openoffice.org2-math openoffice.org-l10n-lt lsb-cxx-ia32 kdeartwork-emoticons-kde4 wmpuzzle trafshow python-plplot lx-gdb link-monitor-applet libscm-dev liblog-agent-logger-perl libccrtp-doc libclass-throwable-perl kde-i18n-csb jack-jconv hamradio-menus coinor-libvol-doc msx-emulator bitbake nabi language-pack-gnome-zh libpaperg popularity-contest xracer-tools xfont-nexus opendrim-lmp-baseserver libvorbisfile-ruby liblinebreak-doc libgfcui-2.0-0c2a-dbg libblacs-mpi-dev dict-freedict-spa-eng blender-ogrexml aspell-da x11-apps openoffice.org-l10n-lv openoffice.org-l10n-nl pnmtopng libodbcinstq1 libhsqldb-java-doc libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil sg3-utils linux-backports-modules-alsa-2.6.31-19-generic yorick-yeti-gsl python-pymssql plasma-widget-cpuload mcpp gpsim-lcd cl-csv libhtml-clean-perl asterisk-dbg apt-dater-dbg libgnome-mag1-dev language-pack-gnome-yo python-crypto svn-autoreleasedeb sugar-terminal-activity mii-diag maria-doc libplexus-component-api-java-doc libhugs-hgl-bundled libchipcard-libgwenhywfar47-plugins libghc6-random-dev freefem3d ezmlm cakephp-scripts aspell-ar ara-byte not+sparc openoffice.org-l10n-nn linux-backports-modules-karmic-generic-pae