FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka (船越義豪)

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FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka (船越義豪) FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka (船越義豪) FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka (船越義豪) (Yoshitaka también se pronuncia Gigo/Giko) nació en Okinawa en 1906. Fue el tercer hijo varón del Maestro FUNAKOSHI Gichin. A la temprana edad de 12 años se le diagnosticó tuberculosis, y los médicos dijeron que no había esperanza alguna de recuperación y que no viviría mucho más allá de los veinte años. A esa edad empezó a entrenar Karate. En Okinawa, Yoshitaka entrenó con OSHIRO Chojo, quien al igual que Funakoshi padre había sido alumno de Itosuy Azato. Oshiro era también experto en Yamanni-Ryu bo-jutsu (según MIKI Nisaburo era considerado el mejor deOkinawa con el bo), así que es probable que Yoshitaka aprendiera de él el manejo del bo. Yoshitaka con bo Según Ohtsuka, Yoshitaka fue a Tokyo cuando tenía 15 años. Esto parece bastante improbable ya que estaríamos hablando del año 1921-1922 y, aunque no es imposible, no es lógico, porque significaría que habría ido a Tokyo con su padre, o incluso antes. Otras fuentes indican que Yoshitaka llegó a Tokyo en 1924. En Tokyo, por mediación de YAMADA Tatsuo, empezó a trabajar como aprendiz de carpintero en una fábrica de artesanía en madera. Pero a través del Sr. Himotsu empezó a estudiar en el laboratorio de rayos X de la Universidad de Tokyo y allí obtuvo su diploma de técnico. Al morir el joven asistente de su padre, SHIMODA Takeshi, en 1934, Yoshitaka lo sustituyó. Le llamaban "Waka Sensei" (Joven Maestro). FUNAKOSHI Gichin, Yoshitaka y Nakayama. el niño que Yoshitaka tiene en su regazo es Yukio, su hijo. Es considerado un innovador al que se le atribuye la creación del Shotokan moderno. En realidad, la introducción del kumite, las posiciones bajas, y un mayor uso de las técnicas de pierna, que a menudo se vinculan a Yoshitaka, parecen una tendencia general algo anterior a su periodo de influencia. No obstante, Yoshitaka fue el más claro abanderado de esos nuevos métodos y tendencias. Siempre estaba investigando y desarrollando el Karate de su padre, era dinámico y creativo. Creó la posición fudo-dachi (posición inamovible) siguiendo su etilo de técnicas más explosivas desde distancia larga, y favoreció la práctica y desarrollo de los tipos de kumite y las patadas. Como es lógico, este nuevo Karate más largo, profundo y atlético, tan adecuado para los jovenes universitarios japoneses, no lo era tanto para su padre, el viejo y pequeño maestro okinawense. Sin embargo, el MaestroFunakoshi aprobaba sin reservas las iniciativas de su hijo, a pesar de que muchas veces sus enseñanzas se contradecían. FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka Nótese la utilización de fudo-dachi. Egami y Yoshitaka realizando kumite. (1937) Yoshitaka fue el responsable de introducir unos cuantos katas nuevos en el Shotokan, algunos creados por él mismo y otros aprendidos en Okinawa. Fue el creador de los katas Taikyoku, Ten no kata, Wankan y la versión JKA de Sochin. Yoshitaka realizando Tekki Nidan. Yoshitaka realizando Bassai Dai. « Nuestros senpai decían: "Cuando Yoshitaka Funakoshi hacía kata, aquellos que lo veían sentían una sensación especial, la tremenda impresión de un inminente peligro." » KASE Taiji Aunque los alumnos a menudo percibían el Karate de padre e hijo como dos tipos de Karate muy diferentes, otros apuntan a que esta percepción era fruto de fijarse únicamente en la forma externa. Gichin y Yoshitaka enseñaban las mismas técnicas y principios, pero la diferencia de edad era considerable y lógicamente el Karate no podía parecer el mismo en el cuerpo de uno y en el del otro. En cualquier caso, la relación entre FUNAKOSHI Gichin y su hijo era claramente de afecto, y en el dojo sus conversaciones estaban marcadas por el humor. Yoshitaka adoraba a su padre, y éste último tenía completa confianza en su hijo. De hecho, el Dojo Shotokan fue dejado al cargo deYoshitaka que llegó a ser el sucesor designado de su padre, quien le entregó el sello del Dojo Shotokan como acto simbólico. « A veces hablaban en el dojo entre risas y Yoshitaka decía a sus alumnos, mientras estaba su padre al lado, "¡mi padre hace Karate malo!". Su padre respondía "tú eres mi alumno y debes hacer lo que yo diga". A lo que su hijo respondía, "Padre, deberías hacer Karate moderno". Al final, riendo, Funakoshi decía a sus alumnos, "Seguid el ejemplo de mi hijo, es lo mejor". » FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka y FUNAKOSHI Gichin Inauguración del Dojo Shotokan (1939). Los principales asistentes de Yoshitaka fueron EGAMI Shigeru, HIRONISHI Genshin, OKUYAMA Tadao, Muramatsu, Morihana, Miyata, HAYASHI Yoshiaki y UEMURA Wado. El Butokukai concedió a Yoshitaka el grado de Renshi en 1939. El 20 de septiembre de 1941 se publicó un folleto titulado "Dai Nippon Karatedo Ten No Kata" que incluía fotografías tomadas en el Dojo Shotokan de Yoshitaka y MIYATA Minoru demostrando la forma y aplicación del Ten no Kata. A finales de 1943 el ejército pidió a Yoshitaka que instruyera en Shotokan a los miembros de la Escuela Nakano (una especie de unidad de fuerzas especiales). Como Yoshitaka estaba demasiado enfermo, Egami fue en su lugar. Durante los últimos años la mayor parte de la instrucción en el Dojo Shotokan era llevada a cabo por HIRONISHI Genshin. Yoshitaka iba a enseñar de vez en cuando, pero no muy a menudo debido a su enfermedad. El 7 de noviembre de 1945 sucumbió a la enfermedad y falleció con 39 años de edad por gangrena pulmonar ocasionada por la tuberculosis y las pésimas condiciones tras la guerra. Su funeral se celebró el 24 de noviembre. Funeral de FUNAKOSHI Yoshitaka el 24 de noviembre de 1945 En primera fila: Yoshihide (Giei), Gosei (esposa de Funakoshi), FUNAKOSHI Gichin, Yukio (hijo de Yoshitakasujetando el retrato de su padre), Fujiko (esposa de Yoshitaka), y las dos hijas de Funakoshi. Detrás, tercero y cuarto por la izquierda: Hayashi y Uemura. Takashi Shimoda ( 下田 崇 ) Shimoda Takeshi tuvo una vida breve pero intensa (1901-1934). En un principio se dedicó a arreglar dentaduras como técnico dental, pero su talento hizo que destacara en el Kendo de la escuela Nen-ryu y en Ninjutsu. Posteriormente, comenzó a practicar Karate y su habilidad le permitió convertirse en asistente de Funakoshi Gichin, junto a Ohtsuka Hinori, además de instructor, enseñando Karate en las universidades de Waseda y Takushoku. Junto al maestro de Okinawa y sus alumnos viajó por Japón para realizar demostraciones de Karate. No obstante, tras uno de estos viajes enfermó gravemente y su vida se apagó en 1934 a causa de una pulmonía con tan solo 33 años. El maestro Egami Shigeru, sucesor de Funakoshi, dijo de Shimoda Kateshi: “No era un hombre grande, siempre mantuvo posturas bajas, no parecía golpear el makiwara con mucha fuerza. Me vi muy sorprendido cuando supe que practicaba mil golpes con cada puño cada día, aun cuando llovía, practicaba con un paraguas sobre su cabeza. Me vi aun más sorprendido cuando se me pidió que me parara ante él y recibiera sus golpes. Aunque sus golpes eran leves simplemente no podía defenderme de él no importaba cuanto lo intentaba” Tras el duro golpe del fallecimiento de Shimoda, Funakoshi se vio obligado a buscarle un sustituto. El elegido fue Funakoshi Yoshitaka, tercer hijo del sensei okinawense. .
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