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Practice of Creating Modern Architectural Ensembles in Uzbekistan Said Manoev 1 and Dilrabo Xoldorova 2

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Practice of Creating Modern Architectural Ensembles in Uzbekistan Said Manoev 1 and Dilrabo Xoldorova 2 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 10, October 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 | Impact Factor (2019) – 6.248 www.ijiset.com Practice of creating modern architectural ensembles in Uzbekistan Said Manoev 1 and Dilrabo Xoldorova 2 1 Department of Architecture, Samarkand state architectural and civil-engineering institute, Samarkand City, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 2 1 Department of Architecture, Samarkand state architectural and civil-engineering institute, Samarkand City, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Abstract In the years of Independence of Uzbekistan huge of architectural ensembles are formed. They attract attention with their geometrical and compositional harmony. This harmony is one of the fundamentals of creating architectural ensembles, which based on decision of architects to create ensemble in every case, from local ensembles up to whole city ensemble. We can observe this kind of solutions in Independence Square, Amir Temur avenue, “Memory” square in Tashkent and many others. Keywords: Uzbekistan, modern architecture, ensembles, complexes, Central Asia, harmonization, town-building. 1. Introduction Man from his birth tends to be in harmony with nature. In climatic conditions of Uzbekistan greening of cities and settlements is not only essential for improvement, but the source of life. In this regard, in our republic during the years of Independence the sphere of organization of public services and amenities and landscaping is highly developed, rising to a new qualitative level. The development of science and technology contributed the introduction of modern methods of gardening. The result is unified architectural and landscape complexes. We have all witnessed the increased attention of our President to the implementation of innovative ideas in the field of landscape architecture, their quality and implementation into life. Independence Square in Tashkent is changing from year to year and gains traditionally elegant look. Two administrative buildings were completely reconstructed on the square, the building of the Cabinet of Ministers was updated and the building of the Senate, located in the middle of the square, like a pearl attracts attention by its trimming from white marble, appropriate to national harmonized colors and modern architectural decisions. (Fig. 1) Fig. 1 The main view of the Independence square in Tashkent. 368 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 10, October 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 | Impact Factor (2019) – 6.248 www.ijiset.com 2. Inclusion Of Landscape Architecture In The System Of Architectural Ensembles When creating National Park in 1991-1994, one of the central squares of Tashkent was reconstructed. The basis of the park is the amphitheater, which is located on its intersecting axis in the center of the composition. At the beginning of the main axis of the ensemble is a monument to Alisher Navoi, with the amphitheater in the middle and the composition is completed by the Khalklar Dustligi Palace. On a perpendicular axis there is the building of Oliy Majlis and multifunctional complex "Navruz". Built in the years of Independence, the building of Oliy Majlis can be considered as a modern interpretation of the national architecture. National Park combines in itself an existing artificial lake, a recreation park and a new park in the national style "Chorbogh." It was after the construction of the amphitheater in the years of Independence and the building of the Oliy Majlis and as well as the construction of the monument to Alisher Navoi, this square has become a kind of a single completed ensemble. The basic structure of this ensemble is the amphitheater, which is located at the intersection of the main axes. The amphitheater, connecting all the buildings of the ensemble on a single area and it is a part of the composition. The marked area has become the major place for destinations and celebrations. Arranged in front of the Oliy Majlis and in National Park reservoirs, numerous trees and shrubs complement the panorama of the ensemble, creating a microclimate in the square. (Fig. 2). Fig. 2 Main view of the National Park in Tashkent. 3. Formation Of Modern Complexes With the development of small business and entrepreneurship in the capital - Tashkent and in other cities, there appeared new types of complexes. For example, the complex of buildings of the Intercontinental Hotel, Business Center and the National Bank. This complex was built on the basis of traditions of modern architecture, and some forms and elements give to the complex a national spirit. The complex has a modern, free vertical composition, concentrating a circular area. The noted complex is dominant the avenue of Uzbekistan and is of particular importance when forming the appearance of the city of Tashkent. (Fig. 3) In the capitalist countries to solve problem of urbanization was very difficult. In the context of the predominance of private property in the economy, architects of Europe were powerless before the rapid urban growth. In a socialist society, urban planning was developed on the basis of planned and scientifically evidence-based approach. But this approach was not without shortcomings. In particular, in architecture and in urban planning, the main attention was focused to functional and material qualities, and national traditions, the local climate and artistic environment of the cities were considered as a minor problem. Typification of projects and construction solutions has led to the appearance of look-like and monotonous buildings in public centers, especially in residential areas. In designing, the climatic conditions, the centuries-old traditions of the peoples and historically formation of the structure of cities didn’t take into account. 369 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 10, October 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 | Impact Factor (2019) – 6.248 www.ijiset.com Fig. 3 The complex of Business Center. Thus, the ensemble must have a certain artistic image and based on life, imaginative, artistic and proportional regularities. This ensures its integrity. By the principle of comparison, harmonization of ensembles is achieved by contrast of paired categories of compositions (for example, symmetry-asymmetry, meter-rhythm, contrast-nuance). Pairing is the characteristic category in aesthetics, philosophy and other fields and is widely used in the composition of the ensembles. The principle of pairing is the basic regularity of the material world. Human organs of touch feel good pair characteristics of shapes, colors and sounds. When forming the ensemble we can apply all artistic and aesthetic categories. Using them in balance requires a certain skill of an architect. The architectural ensemble is a spatial system of architectural images, which connects contrast objects of a city building. Today, the environment of medieval architectural ensembles is destroying. Built in the last century in the system of historic cities, piece buildings interfere the system of architectural ensembles. For example, in Samarkand city, built between Registan and Amir Temur mausoleum, middle-rise residential buildings reduce the role of dominants and are considered as "foreign" in the environment of architectural ensembles. In general, it is necessary to connect the ensemble of Amir Temur mausoleum, Registan, Bibi-Khanum and Shakhi - Zinda on a single enfilade axis, for creating a chain of ensembles. Over the past years, the principle of placing buildings on a single axis was widely developed. The hotel "Tashkent" and the Alisher Navoi theater located on a single axis opposite to each other. A large fountain, located in the square, supplements the ensemble and creates a microclimate. The surrounding trees of the square also add cool. Styles, shapes and colors are well matched to the buildings. (Fig. 4) Fig. 4 Main view of the hotel "Tashkent" and the Alisher Navoi theater located on a single axis. 370 IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 10, October 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 | Impact Factor (2019) – 6.248 www.ijiset.com Ensembles and complexes are a unifying knot of all urban construction. Without ensembles and complexes a city is divided into pieces, separate parts, losing a single idea. In its turn, ensembles and complexes are the main part in the organization of community centers. At present, economic, social and cultural development of the Republic gives rise to new challenges in the field of architecture and urban planning. It is known that in order to achieve economic efficiency and artistic harmony it is necessary to design buildings and structures in the form of ensembles and complexes. The practice of placement buildings and structures in a town system the form of ensembles and complexes is more widespread than the practice of separate building. We can say, that in the years of Independence in architecture and urban planning of Uzbekistan the principles of ensemble building and construction buildings in the form of complexes were again revived. These principles are reviewed in the developments in the regional centers and in the capital of the Republic - Tashkent. In this regard, a special resolution was adopted – the Decree of the President of the Republic "On the development and improvement of the old part of the city of Tashkent until 2020". This important document provides a complete reconstruction of
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