Virtual Election' Seeks to Give Uzbeks Real Choice
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Comparative Essay on the Last Years of Islam Karimov's Reign And
http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9657.08.11 EASTERN REVIEW 2019, T. 8 Krystian Pachucki-Włosek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-5441 Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland Faculty of International Studies and Political Studies Institute for Russian and Eastern European Studies UJ e-mail: [email protected] Old and New Uzbekistan – A comparative essay on the last years of Islam Karimov’s reign and Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s presidency Abstract. The article aims to present the positive and negative effects ofthe change in the position of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article focuses on economic issues, comparing the policy of President Islam Karimov and the policy of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The work also compares the foreign policy of both leaders towards Uzbekistan’s largest political partners: Russia and China. The above article tries to answer the question: are the changes in Uzbekistan ignificants after 2016 or only superficial? Keywords: Republic of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, internal policy, foreign policy. Introduction For many years, Uzbekistan was mainly associated with a dictatorial president. A number of wealthy states have wanted to expand their businesses in the excavation industry there, with varying results. There have been a lot of obstacles to this, as proved by the international indexes. In terms of economic freedom, Uzbekistan received 87th place in 2016 (Gazeta.uz., 2015). When we inspect further, the country was given 156th place in a corruption index as well as 166th place in an economic freedom index (Heritage.org., 2019). The situation © by the author, licensee Łódź University – Łódź University Press, Łódź, Poland. -
Could Uzbekistan Lead Central Asia?
Could Uzbekistan Lead Central Asia? In surprise move, previously isolated state calls for tighter regional integration. Uzbek president Shavkat Mirziyoyev. (Photo: Uzbek president’s press service) Uzbek president Shavkat Mirziyoyev has called for closer cooperation between all five countries of Central Asia in a move which some believe signals a new and more vigorous regional role for Tashkent. At an international conference on the Central Asia’s future, held in the historic Uzbek city of Samarkand in early November, Mirziyoyev emphasised that he supported efforts to create “a stable, economically developed and thriving region”. “I am sure that all will win from this – both the Central Asian states and other countries,” Mirziyoyev told the event, held under the auspices of the UN and attended by senior officials, diplomats and experts from the region, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and further afield. The event itself and Mirziyoyev’s address were both unusual. Initial attempts at regional unity following the fall of the Soviet Union were short-lived. For more than a decade the five states have not seriously discussed cooperating on domestic development and remain embroiled in disputes over water resources, borders and market protectionism amid general mistrust between the leadership. In fact, it was Uzbekistan, under the rule of former president Islam Karimov, which was the most sceptical about regional cooperation. As the successor to Karimov, who died in September 2016, Mirziyoyev has taken a number of measures that appear to show willingness to open up one of the world’s most isolated states. (See Could Uzbekistan be Opening Up?). -
Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S
Order Code RS21238 Updated May 2, 2005 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests Jim Nichol Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Summary Uzbekistan is an emerging Central Asian regional power by virtue of its relatively large population, energy and other resources, and location in the heart of the region. It has made limited progress in economic and political reforms, and many observers criticize its human rights record. This report discusses U.S. policy and assistance. Basic facts and biographical information are provided. This report may be updated. Related products include CRS Issue Brief IB93108, Central Asia, updated regularly. U.S. Policy1 According to the Administration, Uzbekistan is a “key strategic partner” in the Global War on Terrorism and “one of the most influential countries in Central Asia.” However, Uzbekistan’s poor record on human rights, democracy, and religious freedom complicates its relations with the United States. U.S. assistance to Uzbekistan seeks to enhance the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security of Uzbekistan; diminish the appeal of extremism by strengthening civil society and urging respect for human rights; bolster the development of natural resources such as oil; and address humanitarian needs (State Department, Congressional Presentation for Foreign Operations for FY2006). Because of its location and power potential, some U.S. policymakers argue that Uzbekistan should receive the most U.S. attention in the region. 1 Sources for this report include the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS), Central Eurasia: Daily Report; Eurasia Insight; RFE/RL Central Asia Report; the State Department’s Washington File; and Reuters, Associated Press (AP), and other newswires. -
Practice of Creating Modern Architectural Ensembles in Uzbekistan Said Manoev 1 and Dilrabo Xoldorova 2
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, Vol. 6 Issue 10, October 2019 ISSN (Online) 2348 – 7968 | Impact Factor (2019) – 6.248 www.ijiset.com Practice of creating modern architectural ensembles in Uzbekistan Said Manoev 1 and Dilrabo Xoldorova 2 1 Department of Architecture, Samarkand state architectural and civil-engineering institute, Samarkand City, Samarkand, Uzbekistan 2 1 Department of Architecture, Samarkand state architectural and civil-engineering institute, Samarkand City, Samarkand, Uzbekistan Abstract In the years of Independence of Uzbekistan huge of architectural ensembles are formed. They attract attention with their geometrical and compositional harmony. This harmony is one of the fundamentals of creating architectural ensembles, which based on decision of architects to create ensemble in every case, from local ensembles up to whole city ensemble. We can observe this kind of solutions in Independence Square, Amir Temur avenue, “Memory” square in Tashkent and many others. Keywords: Uzbekistan, modern architecture, ensembles, complexes, Central Asia, harmonization, town-building. 1. Introduction Man from his birth tends to be in harmony with nature. In climatic conditions of Uzbekistan greening of cities and settlements is not only essential for improvement, but the source of life. In this regard, in our republic during the years of Independence the sphere of organization of public services and amenities and landscaping is highly developed, rising to a new qualitative level. The development of science and technology contributed the introduction of modern methods of gardening. The result is unified architectural and landscape complexes. We have all witnessed the increased attention of our President to the implementation of innovative ideas in the field of landscape architecture, their quality and implementation into life. -
Identity Perception Among Young Uzbeks in Osh1
Bifurcated Ethnicities: Identity Perception among Young Uzbeks in Osh1 Abstract After the demise of the Soviet Union, the mainstream of ethnic conflicts sprang out of people’s perception of dissolution by political borders as a principal hazard to their cultural unity and ethnic identity. This study illuminates how the detached ethnicities determine, formulate and transform their collective identities, drawing on the case of young Uzbeks in Osh, Kyrgyzstan. The case is unique because all of the separatism elements of the conflict; the region did not experience strong self-determination statements by the Uzbeks in Osh and irredentism policy by Uzbekistan. Qualitative method – semi-structured in-depth interviews were employed as a research tool. Interviews enclosed twenty Uzbek people living in Osh city. Paper reveals that divided ethnic minorities could not be an integral part of the nation-building process due to reciprocal threat perception of state and ethnic minority, uprising religious identity, the state’s antagonistic policy approach towards ethno-symbolic elements and political participation. Keywords: Uzbeks, Osh, Kyrgyz, ethnicity, nationalism, religion, identity, irredentism Introduction The Fergana Valley is the most densely populated, ethnically diverse and culturally complex region of Central Asia. This region presents a unique case regarding research where the Kyrgyz, Tajiks, and Uzbeks live under harsh economic conditions, suffering from scarce water and land resources, political and institutional disorder, in addition to excessive ethnic and religious identity clashes, extremism, and border insecurities. Following the dismemberment of the Soviet Union, the landscape of this massive empire saw an abrupt rise in ethnic conflicts, which mainly stemmed from people’s perception of the separation by political borders and resilient will of irredentism, like Armenia in Nagorno-Karabakh had passed through. -
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
UNITED NATIONS CCPR Distr. International Covenant GENERAL on Civil and CCPR/C/UZB/3 4 June 2008 Political Rights ENGLISH Original: RUSSIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 40 OF THE COVENANT Third periodic reports of States parties UZBEKISTAN [31 March 2008] GE.08 – 42323 (EXT) CCPR/C/UZB/3 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page Abbreviations .................................................................................... 4 5 Introduction ....................................................................................... 1-21 6 I. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE STATE PARTY...................................................................................... 22-116 10 A. Demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics.................................................................. 22-37 10 B. Constitutional, political and legal structure..................... 38-116 21 II. GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ..................................... 117-260 37 A. Adoption of international human rights rules ................. - 37 B. Legal framework for protecting human rights at the national level ................................................................... 117-196 43 C. Framework for promoting human rights at the national level ................................................................... 197-247 53 D. Submission of periodic reports........................................ 248-260 62 III. NON-DISCRIMINATION AND EQUALITY AND EFFECTIVE -
Language Is the Heart of the Nation
International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) ISSN: 2643-9670 Vol. 4 Issue 10, October - 2020, Pages: 123-125 Language is the heart of the nation Nigmonova Shahzoda Nigmatovna) Teacher of 600-DMTT Sergeli district of Tashkent city [email protected] Abstract: We must preserve our mother tongue, enhance its prestige, pass on its beauty and purity to future generations, and contribute to its promotion in the world. "If the language lives, the nation lives." If we sing to the world the beauty and richness of our language, our nation will be brighter and our unity will be stronger. Keywords—mother tongue, uzbek language, spirituality, Hazrat Navoi, Prezident Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Uzbekistan, Erkin Vahidov, uzbek poet, Oliy Majlis enlightened the people, albeit to a lesser extent, and all the enlightened people began to enjoy the pleasant breeze of Introduction openness. We have been slowly articulating our rich history, Language is the heart, the pride, the symbol of independence, our great scholars, our values that we have not been able to the future of the nation. No nation can be a complete nation tell for more than a century. The world was changing, without language. Without it, the homeland has no will. At people's thoughts and words were encouraging, they were the same time, the Uzbek language is the pride of our nation realizing themselves. and a means of communication that contributes to the There were clear and bold comments in the press about recognition of the world. In the 1980s, the great scholar the bill. There were many intellectuals and artists who boldly Alikhantora Soguni wrote in his book The Sorrows of said that Uzbek should be the state language. -
Uzbekistan, February 2007
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Uzbekistan, February 2007 COUNTRY PROFILE: UZBEKISTAN February 2007 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Uzbekistan (Ozbekiston Respublikasi). Short Form: Uzbekistan. Term for Citizen(s): Uzbekistani(s). Capital: Tashkent. Other Major Cities: Namangan, Samarqand (Samarkand), Andijon (Andizhan), Bukhoro (Bukhara, Buxoro), and Nukus (in order of population size). Independence: Uzbekistan celebrates September 1, 1991, as its date of independence. That is the date on which independence from the Soviet Union was declared. Public Holidays: Uzbekistan celebrates New Year’s (January 1), the Feast of the Sacrifice (February 1), Women’s Day (March 8), Navruz (Uzbek New Year, March 21), Victory Day (May 9), Independence Day (September 1), the end of Ramadan (date determined by the Islamic calendar), and Constitution Day (December 10). Flag: The flag is divided into three equal horizontal stripes of blue (top), white, and green, which are separated by thin red stripes. On the left side of the blue stripe is a crescent moon with 12 five-pointed stars, all in white. The blue represents water; the white, peace; the green, nature; and the red, Click to Enlarge Image life. The stars represent either the 12 constellations of the zodiac or the 12 provinces of Uzbekistan. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In the first millennium B.C., Iranian nomads established irrigation systems along the rivers of Central Asia and built towns at Bukhoro and Samarqand. These places became extremely wealthy points of transit on what became known as the Silk Road between China and Europe. In the seventh century A.D., the Soghdian Iranians, who profited most visibly from this trade, saw their province of Mawarannahr overwhelmed by Arabs, who spread Islam throughout the region. -
Case Law by the European Court of Human Rights of Relevance for the Application of the European Conventions on International Co-Operation in Criminal Matters
Strasbourg, 24 January 2020 PC-OC(2011)21REV13 [PC-OC/Documents 2011/ PC-OC(2011) 21 rev13] http://www.coe.int/tcj/ EUROPEAN COMMITTEE ON CRIME PROBLEMS (CDPC) COMMITTEE OF EXPERTS ON THE OPERATION OF EUROPEAN CONVENTIONS ON CO-OPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS (PC-OC) Case Law by the European Court of Human Rights of Relevance for the Application of the European Conventions on International Co-Operation in Criminal Matters Prepared by Mr Stéphane DUPRAZ, Ms Barbara GOETH-FLEMMICH, Mr Miroslav KUBÍČEK, Mr Eugenio SELVAGGI, Ms Malgorzata SKOCZELAS and Mr Erik VERBERT NOTE: The following index and summaries of cases have been prepared by PC-OC experts and do not bind the Court or the Council of Europe. PC-OC (2011) 21 Rev13 2 Contents A. Index of keywords with relevant case law ............................................................................ 3 B. Summaries of case law relevant for the application of the European Convention on Extradition (CETS 024) and its Additional Protocols (CETS 086, 098, 209 and 212) ........... 36 C. Summaries of case law relevant for the application of the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (CETS 030) and its Additional Protocols (CETS 099 and 182) ................................................................................................................................................ 263 D. Summaries of case law relevant for the application of the Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons (CETS 112) and its Additional Protocol (CETS 167 and 222) ............... 281 E. Summaries of case law relevant for the application of the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgments (CETS 070) ................................................... 293 F. Summaries of case law relevant for the application of the European Convention on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters (CETS 073) ................................................... -
Karimov, Putin, and the Taliban
A Dangerous Balancing Act: Karimov, Putin, and the Taliban Pauline Jones Luong November 2000 PONARS Policy Memo 166 Yale University Less than six months ago, several related events in Afghanistan suggested anything but an impending peace agreement among hostile neighbors in this war-torn region. Tensions among the relevant actors in the spring and early summer were clearly growing rather than dissipating. In April, the Afghanistan-based Taliban's activities in Central Asia (including drug trafficking and support for radical Islamic groups) were considered a significant enough threat that four Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan) signed a collective security agreement, which pledged to expand cooperation between their respective security agencies and to engage in joint military action if any one country was attacked. In June, some of the Taliban's harshest critics to date--including Russia, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan as well as the US--shared in a literal "chorus of condemnation" against its alleged attempts to export Islamic extremism into the Central Asian region and its support for international terrorists (such as Osama bin Laden). In July, renewed clashes between Taliban forces and the last vestige of domestic opposition (Ahmad Shah Massoud's Northern Alliance) resulted in the country's fiercest and bloodiest battles this year. In light of these events and the general pattern of mutual suspicion and conflict between the Taliban and the Central Asian states over the last several years, the last thing one might expect is for one of Afghanistan's closest neighbors (and harshest critics) to begin "making peace" with the Taliban. -
Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S
Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests -name redacted- Specialist in Russian and Eurasian Affairs August 21, 2013 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RS21238 Uzbekistan: Recent Developments and U.S. Interests Summary Uzbekistan gained independence at the end of 1991 with the breakup of the Soviet Union. The landlocked country is a potential Central Asian regional power by virtue of its population, the largest in the region, its substantial energy and other resources, and its location at the heart of regional trade and transport networks. The existing president, Islam Karimov, retained his post following the country’s independence, and was reelected in 2000 and 2007. He has pursued a policy of caution in economic and political reforms, and many observers have criticized Uzbekistan’s human rights record. The United States pursued close ties with Uzbekistan following its independence. After the terrorist attacks on the United States in September 2001, Uzbekistan offered over-flight and basing rights to U.S. and coalition forces. However, U.S. basing rights at Karshi-Khanabad were terminated in 2005 following U.S. criticism and other actions related to the Karimov government’s allegedly violent crackdown on unrest in the southern city of Andijon. Since then, the United States has attempted to improve relations, particularly in support of operations in Afghanistan. In 2009, Uzbekistan began to participate in the Northern Distribution Network of land, sea, and air transit routes from Europe through Eurasia for U.S. and NATO military supplies entering and exiting Afghanistan. Cumulative U.S. assistance budgeted for Uzbekistan in FY1992-FY2010 was $971.36 million (all agencies and programs). -
The Role and Functions of Religious Civil Society in Afghanistan
Cooperation for Peace and Unity (CPAU) www.cpau.org.af THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF RELIGIOUS CIVIL SOCIETY IN AFGHANISTAN CASE STUDIES FROM SAYEDABAD & KUNDUZ Final Version July 2007 Questions may be directed to Cooperation for Peace and Unity (CPAU) [email protected] – 0093 (0)799136296/ (0) 799302080 www.cpau.org.af Carried out by: Research and Advocacy Department Cooperation for Peace And Unity (CPAU) Researchers: Mirwais Wardak Idrees Zaman Kanishka Nawabi Funded by: Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1 Cooperation for Peace and Unity (CPAU) www.cpau.org.af Abbreviations and Acronyms....................................................................3 Introduction to the case studies ...............................................................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................6 Methodology:..............................................................................................7 Context of the case study areas ...............................................................9 1. Religious groups and networks.......................................................10 1.1 Denominations and sects ........................................................................................................10 1.2 Religious Group’s Interaction amongst Themselves...............................................................11 2. The Refugee Experience...................................................................14 3. Religion and Politics.........................................................................16