1907-96 To join, send to http://www.msstate.edu/Ar- Is Here! (Volume III) (Volume IsHere! Queries38 No. 28.3 Teaching News is sent in January, May and Sep NADS AnnualMeeting, Chicago DARE DARE • Who We Are, Exactly Are, We Who • Insert: 2 • DSNA Calls for May MeetingCallsDSNAMay for 2 March • in ILA atADS • 2 3 • • 3 MeetingAnnual Workshops • 3 4 • AnnualMeeting Program • 4 NADS ADSsite: Web ADS-L discussion list: 10 • James McMillan • 10 11 21 • NWAVE: The FinePrintThe NWAVE: • 21 MLA to StillGo We • 23 Regional Meetings FallThis • 24 NewBooksOur • 26 • 27 28 • • 28 AMERICANDIALECT SOCIETY NEWSLETTER OF THE chives/ADS/ [email protected] themessage: YourSubADS-LName ($30 per year), queries peryear), and newseditorto and ($30 executive secretary Department,Allan Metcalf, MacMurray English [email protected] College, Jackson243-3403, (217) Vol.No. 28, 3 S e p t e m b e r1996 temberto ADS all members. SendADS dues or 479-7115 phoneville, Illinois (217) 62650, “13 3 # & H r > n cc C/3
Forwarding and Address Correction Requested CALLS FOR PAPERS I DSNA Call: Madison, May I LA Call: Georgetown, March The 11th biennial meeting of the Dictio Once again, ADS will sponsor a session at nary Society of North America will be hosted the annual meeting of the International Lin by DARE at the University of Wisconsin, guistic Association. “Language Change and Madison, Thursday through Saturday, May Variation” is the theme of the 42nd ILA An 29-31. nual Conference, to be held March 7-9 in the For many years, ADS has been happy to Intercultural Center, Georgetown University, designate DSNA as our own official Summer Washington, D. C. Invited speakers: William Meeting, since membership and interests of L abov and James McCawley. the two societies happily intertwine. Atten January 6 is the deadline for abstracts. For dance is about 75 and there is only one ses the ADS session, send three copies to Silke sion at a time, allowing opportunity for every Van Ness, Germanic & Slavic Languages and one to get acquainted. Most of the makers of Literatures, HU 216, University at Albany, American dictionaries attend, as do most of SUNY, A lbany NY 12222; e-m ail the scholars who study them. [email protected]; phone (518) 442- The banquet will be a “Traditional Wiscon 4122; fax (518) 442-4217. sin Picnic, including a Door County Fish For other ILA sessions, send one-page ab Boil.” stracts, double spaced, camera ready, in January 31 is the deadline for two copies of seven copies, by January 6 to the conference a one-page abstract to co-chairs Joan H ous chair: Dr. Ruth Brend, 3363 Burbank Dr., to n H a ll and L u a n n e v o n Ann Arbor, MI 48105; phone (313) 665-2787; Schneidemesser at DARE, 6125 H elen e-mail [email protected]; fax (313) 665- White Hall, 600 N. Park St., Madison, WI 9743. On an accompanying 3x5 card, include 53706, e-mail [email protected]. Pa your addresses, telephone, academic affilia pers may address any aspect of dictionaries or tion, audio-visual equipment needed, and the lexicography, either historical or contempo amount of time desired (maximum 20 min rary. utes). Other committee members for the 1997 Papers from all areas of linguistics, both meeting are DSNA Secretary Lou Milic, theoretical and applied, are invited. DARE Chief Editor Fred Cassidy, and DARE Registration: Preregistration by mail, sent staff members Catherine Attig, Roland Berns, to Dr. Brend (payable to ILA, U.S. funds): Elizabeth Blake, Elizabeth Gardner, George members $30; student members $20; non- Goebel, Jean Patau, and Leonard Zwilling. members $40; student non-members $30. Af ter March 1: members $40; student members SECOL Call: Charlotte, April $30; non-members $50; student non-members The Southeastern Conference on Linguis $40. tics will m eet April 4-6 at the University of Accommodations: Rooms may be reserved North Carolina, Charlotte. directly with the Georgetown Univ. Leavey December 2 is the deadline for abstracts. Conference Center at approximately $125 per Proposal forms are available from Joan night. Mention ILA to obtain a conference Weatherly, English Dept., Univ. of Memphis, rate. Memphis TN 38152; fax (901) 678-2226; e- The conference chair will be happy to ar mail [email protected]. range roommates and can supply information Local arrangements: Contact Ralf Thiede, on other accommodations nearby. She can English Dept., Univ. of North Carolina, Char also supply transportation information lotte NC 28223; [email protected]. (within D.C.). 21 NADS 28.3 September 1996 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Annual Meeting 1997 • Chicago, Jan. 2 -4 The ADS Annual Meeting, our historic first with the Linguistic Society of America, will be held January 2—4 at the Sheraton Chicago Hotel & Towers, 301 E. North Water St. Hey, that’s where the Clintons exercised their family values during the Democratic Convention in August! We’re cheek by jowl not only with LSA but also with the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, and the North American Association for the History of the Language Sciences. LSA accommodations: Special rates at the Sheraton Chicago: $78 single or double. Mention the Linguistic Society of America group when calling for reservations at (800) 233-4100 or (312) 329-7000. Call soon; after Dec. 12, reservations may not be available. LSA registration: As guests of LSA, we are expected to register with them, at their members’ rate. In return, we get the Meeting Handbook and admission to all LSA meetings. Until Dec. 6, preregistration is available at $50, students $20. On-site registration is $60, students $25. Send check to LSA Secretariat-Annual Meeting, 1325 18th St. NW Suite 211, Washington DC 20036-6501, phone (202) 835-1714, fax (202) 835-1717, e-mail [email protected]. ADS registration: Additional and entirely optional, but those who attend ADS sessions are encouraged to register at $20, students $10. (Pay it directly to ADS.) This enrolls you among the ADS Immortals, helps defray the cost of the refreshments for which our meetings are noted, and earns you a distinctive decoration for your LSA badge. Transportation bargains to Chicago: Refer to LSA Bulletin No. 152, June 1996, or ask LSA. Annual luncheon: 12:45 p.m. Saturday, Jan. 4. R ichard Bailey, Univ. of Michigan, will speak on “Philological Eccentrics.” $25 inclusive; LSA friends are welcome. Make reservations in advance with ADS Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf. Words o f the Year 1996: Send your nominations to John and Adele Algeo, PO Box 270, Wheaton IL 60189-0270, e-mail [email protected]; or to D avid Barnhart, PO Box 247, Cold Spring NY 10516, e-mail [email protected]. Then come to the nominating session and the final vote Jan. 3. Bring your latest book to the B.Y.O.B. exhibit and reception after the New Words vote. Finally, sign up for: Workshops in Statistical Methods for Linguistic Analysis T h u rsd ay, Jan. 2, 8:00 a.m.-6:00 p .m . To celebrate our first Annual Meeting with LSA, ADS is sponsoring six workshops on the quantificational (statistical) treatment of a variety of kinds of linguistic data. Each workshop, conducted by an internationally-recognized authority, will be presented twice, and partici pants may attend the full day’s sessions, attending as many as four different workshops. Free and open: These workshops are open to all who register for the meeting, and are free of charge, except for materials in some workshops. Advance reservations: Participation is limited, so if you want to be assured a place, please send a letter, enclosing a self-addressed stamped post card, to ADS Executive Secretary Allan Metcalf at the address on the cover, or e-mail him at [email protected]. For each workshop you wish to attend, please list the name of the presenter and the time (e.g., Kretzschmar 8:00). Workshop schedule: 8:00-10:00 Kretzschmar Cichocki Berdan 10:30-12:30 Bayley Labov Berdan 1:30-3:30 Bayley Finegan Cichocki 4:00-6:00 Labov Kretzschmar Finegan (Abstracts begin on next page)
NADS 28.3 September 1996 / 3 ADS ANNUAL MEETING V Thursday, Jan. 2: Workshops in Statistical Methods Superior Rooms A and B and Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago • 8:00-10:00 a.m. See registration information on Page 3. W illiam A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Univ. of Georgia. Computer Plotting and Mapping of Areal Linguistic Data. We will begin with the basic issues of the possible relationships between linguistic data and geo graphical locations, and of the nature of GIS (Geographical Information Systems). Computer plotting, and generalizations to be made from observation of plots, will be illustrated with the Graphic Plotter Grid from the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States, the LAMSASplot program from the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States, and the LAMSAS Internet plotter. We will then consider statisti cal procedures to assess geographical distribution of linguistic features: t-test, chi-square, and multiple comparison for fixed regions; spatial autocorrelation; and density estimation. Finally, we will consider uses of GIS software to assist in visualization of distributions. Wladyslaw Cichocki, U. of New Brunswick. Correspondence (Dual Scaling) Analysis. Correspondence analysis is a statistical technique closely related to multidimensional scaling and factor analysis. CA is particularly helpful in studying the type of categorical, ordinal and frequency data commonly found in empirical linguistic investigations. While CA is predominantly a data exploratory technique, it can be used to formulate hypotheses. The presentation will avoid complicated algebraic formulas and will emphasize instead the simple graphical displays that are used to interpret and understand data structure. Applications will be chosen from dialectology, phonetics, sociolinguistics and syntax. Discussion will include issues of interpretation, stability and statistical significance as well as a review of available computer software. Robert Berdan, California State Univ., Long Beach. Advanced Multivariate Analyses of Linguistic Data. This session will focus principally on logistic regression, the general statistical approach underlying VARBRUL analyses. The generalized application is particularly useful for data sets that are well described by both categorical and continuous variables, a frequent situation both for language acquisition and for historical data sets, in which time is best considered as a continuous variable, but various linguistic and demographic characteristics are categorical (or continuous). The SPSS implementation of logistic regression will be demonstrated in the workshop. The workshop will demonstrate the progression of analysis from text files to reportable graphics and statistics. Topics considered will be optimizing coding to the data set, hypothesis developing and testing, evaluating competing analyses, treatment of interactions among factors, and the interpretation of error and reliability. We will also compare assump tions of continuous change over time, versus discontinuities and restructuring. The SPSS graphics tools will be explored both as analytic techniques and for reporting findings. Where comparable, SPSS reporting will be converted to VARBRUL terms. • 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. See registration information on Page 3. Robert Bayley, Univ. of Texas, San Antonio. VARBRUL Analysis of Linguistic Varia tion. This session will provide a rationale for and demonstration of the VARBRUL computer programs (Pintzuk 1988; Rand and Sankoff 1990; Sankoff 1988). The demonstration uses data from a study of consonant cluster reduction in Mexican-American English (Bayley 1994) and relative pronoun choice in speech and writing (Guy and Bayley 1995) to show the steps in the heuristic process of hypothesis generation, testing, and revision with VARBRUL, including: 1) generating initial hypotheses to account for observed variation; 2) coding the data for the potentially large number of independent factors affecting variation; 3) conducting the initial VARBRUL run and interpreting the factor probabilities generated; 4) recoding the data to refine hypotheses on the basis of factor probabilities generated in step 3; 5) testing significance of individual factors and factor groups by log likelihood estimation. In addition, the workshop will consider several questions that are likely to arise when conducting a VARBRUL analysis, including dealing with suspected interaction among factors and choosing between competing analyses. (Continued on next page)
4 1 NADS 28.3 September 1996 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Thursday, Jan. 2: Workshops in Statistical Methods (Cont.) W illiam Labov, Univ. o f Pennsylvania. The Analysis of Vowel Systems. This workshop will deal with the display and analysis of vowel formant data, with particular emphasis on the study of change in progress, using the Macintosh program Plotnik 03. Workshop participants should have a body of formant measurements in hand, or the opportunity to acquire them, through such programs as Kay Elemetric CSL, Eric K eller’s Signalyze, GSW Soundscope, or Cornell Ornithology Lab’s Canary. The workshop will show how vowel tokens are plotted, normalized, and automatically analyzed for segmental environment; how relevant subsets of vowels may be selected, plotted or highlighted; how means and standard deviations are plotted; how to carry out t-tests on the difference of any two means; how subsets of vowels may be plotted or highlighted by any combination of segmental environment, stress, or style. Particular attention will be given to methods for determining the participation of vowel systems in the Northern Cities Shift, the Southern Shift, the Canadian Shift, or the low back merger. Participants will receive copies of Plotnik 03 along with tutorial and full documentation. Plotnik 03 includes several dozen features introduced following the NWAVE 24 workshop with Plotnik 02, including adaptation to other languages, shift from color to black and white, and the addition of vectors from nuclei to glide targets. In addition, methods for superimposing large numbers of vowel systems will be intro duced through the program Plotnik Major. Berdan. Advanced Multivariate Analyses. • 1:30—3:30 p.m. See registration information on Page 3. Bayley. VARBRUL Analysis. Edward Finegan. Factor Analytic Procedures in Language Analysis. C ichocki. Correspondence Analysis. • 4:00-6:00 p.m. See registration information on Page 3. Labov. Analysis of Vowel Systems. Kretzschmar. Computer Mapping. Finegan. Factor Analytic Procedures. Friday, January 3 ADS Executive Council Huron Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago • 8:00 a.m.: Open meeting; all members welcome. Coffee and pastries will be served. Presiding: ADS President Lawrence Davis. The Executive Council discusses and sets policy for the Society and hears reports from officers, editors, committee chairs, and regional secretaries. To get an advance copy of the agenda in early December, write or e-mail the Executive Secretary. New Words of 1996 Huron Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago • 10:30-11:30 a.m.: New Words Committee. Review of new words of 1996; nominations for Word of the Year. (Voting at 4:30 p.m.; see Page 7.) Leading candidates in particular categories will be identified. All members are welcome. Dialect Boundaries: Special Session Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago 1:00-4:30 p.m. Chair: ADS Vice President Walt Wolfram, North Carolina State Univ. 1:00 • Laura H artley and D ennis R. Preston, Michigan State Univ. W here Are the Speech Regions of American English at Anyhow? (pleage furn fQ Pagp &
NADS 28.3 September 1996/5 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Friday, January 3: Session on Dialect Boundaries Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago (Continued from Page 5) This presentation reviews the techniques of “perceptual dialectology” and compares and contrasts the views of U.S. dialect boundaries from the West (Oregon), the North (southeastern Michigan), the South Midland (southern Indiana) and the South (principally southeastern). Computer-assisted and hand- count techniques for producing generalizations of respondent hand-drawn maps of regional U.S. speech areas are discussed, and the results of these findings are compared with maps derived from the same respondents’ assessments of the “correctness,” “pleasantness,” and “degree of difference” of U.S. speech areas. These assessments were converted to maps after nonparametric (multidimensional scaling) techniques had been applied to the ranking data. Mismatches between boundary placements according to both respondent area and task are discussed, as well as mismatches between these “perceptual” maps and the maps of traditional “production” dialectology. Of particular interest is the salience or “intensity” of an area, revealed by the frequency with which it is singled out on the map-drawing task, and the relation of such salience to the assessments. In general, it appears that the more nonstandard an area’s English is seen to be, the more “distinct” the area itself is. 1:30 • Beverly Olson Flanigan, Ohio Univ. More on Midland Polylectalism. At ADS 1995 I explored the grammatical polylectalism of college students in Ohio, with particular reference to needs + p.p. and sentence-initial and -final positive anymore. I suggested that the boundaries between Northern, North Midland, and South Midland might be redrawn to acknowledge a transitional Midland area which is neither Lower North nor Upper South but which extends both farther north and south than the redrawn lines in Carver (1987). This paper will analyze further data from Ohio in the light of recent work on transition areas by Frazer (1993), Davis and Houck (1995), and Kretzschmar (1996). These studies have primarily looked at lexicon and phonology; it is my contention that grammar is equally, if not more, important in the delineation of dialect areas, particularly in disputed or transition zones. 2:00 • Natalie Schilling-Estes, North Carolina State Univ. The B reakdow n o f Dialect Boundaries: Dialect Recession in Two Post-Insular Island Communities. It is sometimes assumed that historically isolated dialects will recede in comparable ways as geo graphic and other dialect boundaries are broken down. However, my analysis of two post-insular island communities, Smith Island in M aryland’s Chesapeake Bay and Ocracoke in North C arolin a’s Outer Banks, shows that such an assumption is empirically unjustified. Using data from cross-generational sociolinguistic interviews, I demonstrate that whereas the once-distinctive Ocracoke variety is becoming more similar to outside varieties, the Smith Island dialect is becoming more distinctive. However, it, too, may be classified as a receding variety, because it is rapidly losing speakers. The differential recession which characterizes the two dialect communities is evidenced in the variable patterning of a shared dialect feature—the production of /ay/ with a raised nucleus. A quantitative analysis reveals that this feature is receding in Ocracoke but expanding in Smith Island. Further, raised /ay/ is subject to quite different phonetic constraints in each variety and is accorded different status as a marker of islander identity in each community. 2:30 • Kirk Hazen, North Carolina State Univ. Diachronic Aspects of Ethnic Bound aries. It has been claimed that migratory settlement patterns, de facto segregation, and ethnic boundaries in Northern cities have caused the distinct separation of subject-verb concord patterns for most African Americans and European Americans in Northern cities (Wolfram 1969, Labov 1972, Wolfram and Fasold 1974). But a current study of Warren County, North Carolina, located in the rural piedmont, reveals that the distribution of African-Americans to European-Americans (60 percent to 30 percent) has created communities in the county which share more similar patterns of subject-verb concord with past be and to a more limited extent with copula absence. For other sociolinguistic variables, among older and middle- aged rural European-Americans, we find features traditionally associated with African-American Ver nacular English such as th to f (e.g. birthday to birfday) and completive done (e.g. she done killed the chicken) (Hazen and Peterson 1995). This unusual mix of dialect features in the local European- American Vernacular English of older speakers fosters a situation where the dialects were once appar-
6 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Friday, January 3: Session on Dialect Boundaries Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago ently more similar but are now diverging with each generation. Diachronic shifts in the rates of past be and copula absence also indicate that they are diverging while ethnographic analysis indicates that this divergence is not due to the strengthening of ethnic boundaries through symbolic claims of local identity, as has been assumed in previous studies (e.g. Labov and Harris 1986), but rather through the changing nature of rigorous ethnic boundaries which have existed since the county was first populated. The historical isolation of Warren County had blocked the stigmatization of many AAVE features. Ironically, the effects of school desegregation, increased mobility, and altered peer group relations of speakers under 40 years of age have led to a heightened awareness of the ethnic association of particular features—structures now popularly associated with AAVE. As these features become more associated with ethnic group membership, African-American and European-American communities are diverging from each other in their vernacular norms. 3:00 • L awrence M. D avis, Wichita State Univ. From Confederate Overalls to Designer Jeans: The Changing Southern Vocabulary. A comparison of the use of selected lexical terms by subjects from the Linguistic Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States and the Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States. 3:30 • L isa Ann Lane, Univ. of Chicago. Dialect Boundaries: Defining Local Linguistic C ommunities. This research provides a glimpse into how a localized linguistic community can be identified and how we may trace its transformation towards non-localized linguistic norms. This is accomplished by historicizing the particular linkages of social formation and how the linguistic norm is effected and informs those formations (Silverstein 1996). Thereby we begin to determine the local cultural construal of linguistic norms and the geo-linguistic space they encompass. The methodology is presented through the documentation of Thyborpn, Denm ark’s geographic, political, economic, demographic, social and linguistic changes over a century. These changes produced a cohort effect resulting in a community which contrastively self-identifies itself through its residents’ forever-changing set of shared experiences, social and linguistic norms. Internally discrete subgroupings of the population are delimited by specific socio- historical events and are indexed through differing social ideologies, network patterns and variable uses of dialect forms. The life-stage at which group members experience the socio-historical events is crucial to that grou p ’s collective orientation to the events and in turn to the effect which those events may have on their orientation to the community. Furthermore such events have an ebb and flow. The data reveal that “dialect boundaries” can best be understood as variably existing internally and externally to the linguis tic community. 4:00 • D aniel L ong, Osaka Shoin W om en ’s College. Who Decides Which Isoglosses Are Dialect Boundaries? This paper will discuss the long history of dialect boundary and dialect division studies in Japan, including scholarly controversies regarding the proper role of (nonlinguist) speakers’ language conscious ness in determining dialect divisions (boundaries). I will examine the results from my own study of nonlinguists’ perceptions of dialect regions, focusing on the differences and similarities in dialectologists’ and nonlinguists’ impressions of dialect boundaries. I will contrast views of Japanese and Western scholars regarding the relative importance of various types of linguistic features and further contrast these with the perceptions of nonlinguists. New Words of 1996 4:30-5:30 p.m.: Discussion and voting on nominations made in the morning (see above, Pages 3 and 5). All present are invited to vote. Bring-Your-Own-Book Exhibit 5:30-6:30 p.m., Mayfair Room: Tables will be able to display your books and order forms. Refreshments will be served.
NADS 28.3 September 1996 / 7 ADS ANNUAL MEETING \ Saturday, January 4: Business, Polynesian, L, Sierra Leone Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago Annual Business Meeting 8:00-9:00 a.m.: Election (see below); report of yesterday’s Executive Council meeting; as time permits, reports of officers, editors, committee chairs, regional secretaries. Most of the business of the Society is conducted at the Executive Council meeting (8 a.m. Friday, open to all members). N om inating C om m ittee R e p o r t The committee proposes for vice president 1997 and 1998 (succeeding to the presidency for 1999 and 2000): Ronald Butters, Duke Univ. For Executive Council member 1997 through 2000: Michael Montgomery, Univ. of South Carolina. For member of the Nominating Committee 1997 and 1998: William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Univ. of Georgia. Additional nominations may be made by a petition with the signature of at least ten members, which must reach the Executive Secretary by December 15. General Session Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago 9:00 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Chair: ADS President Lawrence Davis. 9:00 • J oseph C. F inney, Monterey, Calif. Dual Contradictory Agent-Marking: Dia chronic Syntax Within Proto-Polynesian. As PCP, the proto-forebear of Polynesian, was Fiji-like, the question arises: how did the ancestral Fiji- type Cia active transitive paradigm come to be passive or ergative in Polynesian languages and dialects? In steps: A subset of unergative “look-at” reanalyzed its past participle to accusative object, making a new active transitive, notably in Hawaiian. A subset of unaccusative “lie among, be surrounded by” reana lyzed its past participle to agent and got a modified preposition-article e as the marker for the new (ergative- or passive-appearing) case. Threatened by both new quasi-transitives, the old Cia paradigm borrowed the e marker and temporarily marked its agent as both nominative and oblique. Tuvalu and Kapingamarangi keep traces of the dual contradictory marking. Elsewhere the nominative was lost and the e-marked Cia paradigm became ergative/passive. In Hawaiian and others it became a new passive against the new active transitive. Fusion of verb classes was necessary to provide this opposition. 9:30 • B ryan G ick, Yale Univ. and Haskins Laboratories. The Intrusive L. The English “intrusive r” has remained a standby of phonological argumentation to generations of linguists. With no other parallel instances of “consonantal intrusion” offered for comparison, many have considered it an isolated quirk of history, and hence theoretically unimportant. In this paper, I shall introduce the first such parallel case: the “intrusive 1” of Eastern U.S. dialects. Compare: Intrusive r (E. Mass) Intrusive 1 (Phila.) draw [drO:] draw[r]ing draw[l]ing bra [bra:] bra [r] is bra [1] is The addition of the “intrusive 1” into the fie ld ’s inventory promises to lead to an understanding of these “intrusions” not as isolated historical anomalies, but as a bona fide class of phonological behavior, with serious and direct implications on our understanding of phonetic/phonological merger and syllable structure. 10:00 • M ichael M ontgomery, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia. 18th-Century Sierra Leone English: Another Exported Variety of AAE? Recently linguists have learned much about 19th-century African-American English from disparate sources—interviews with Liberians whose ancestors left the U.S. in antebellum days (Singler 1992, inter alia), letters from black Civil War soldiers (Montgomery et al. 1993), and interviews in remnant communities of expatriate African Americans in the Dominican Republic (Poplack and Sankoff) and 8 / NADS 28.3 September 1996 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Saturday, January 4: Ozark, Standard, Trademarks Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago Nova Scotia (Poplack and Tagliamonte 1991). The Afro-Canadian community in Nova Scotia originated from blacks brought from the Caribbean and by American ex-slaves fleeing the colonies in the aftermath of the British surrender. A set of colloquial documents has come to light that offers a profile of the language of freed blacks who lived in Nova Scotia in the 1780s before migrating to Sierra Leone. These comprise 41 letters and petitions written from 1791 to 1800. Until now, it has been unclear how or whether confirmation might be sought for extrapolations from contemporary studies of Nova Scotian Black English into the past. Preliminary analysis of these documents identifies morphological features that will be compared to existing studies of remnant communities of Afro-Canadian and African- American English speakers. 10:30 • B ethany K. D umas, Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville. Ozark English: Observable Differences in Vocabulary. Scholars and lay persons have been writing about Ozark English for well over 150 years (e.g., Schoolcraft 1821). Of great interest have been the unusual vocabulary items reported as early as Pike 1836 (e.g., mind for “rem em ber”). A series of word lists appeared between the 1890s and th e 1940s, principally in Dialect Notes, 1903-1928. In 1953, Vance R andolph’s book, Down in the Holler: A Gallery of Ozark Folk Speech, gathered his many contributions. Generally, the perception was that Ozark English was heavy with rapidly dying Elizabethan or earlier words and phrases. This paper will report findings from a comparison of a finely-meshed survey of Ozark lexicon (the Newton County, Arkansas, Survey conducted by Dumas in 1971) with DARE and LAGS conclusions. It is expected that the study will reveal a greater complexity of lexical distribution than that indicated by DARE and LAGS. 11:00 • Ahmed Albanyan and D ennis R. P reston , Michigan State Univ. The Future of Standard English. To survey changing norms in undergraduate usage, we tested 1683 college-age European-American and 174 demographically similar African-American Michiganders for their evaluations of prepositional object nominatives (to Bill and I), who for whom (I know who Jack cheated), unmarked plurals of measure (two mile down the road), subjunctive was (if I was you), singular verbs in plural there contexts ( th e r e ’s two men), prepositional object reflexives (they gave it to Carol and myself), question word order in embedded clauses (I wonder why did Sally leave), everybody agreement (everybody should watch their coat), objective subjects in elliptical as clauses ( h e’s just as short as me), try and plus verb (le t ’s try and go), a ll’s ( a ll’s I have is one left), and needs plus past participle (my hair needs washed). The results show interesting patterns of hypercorrection and strong gender and some ethnic differences. In several cases, unexpected “corrections” display an interesting disregard for meaning. The survey had the secondary purpose of testing an efficient data-collection procedure for large undergraduate courses in linguistics. 11:30 • M ichael P. Adams, Albright Coll. Lexical Property Rights: Trademarks in American Dictionaries. Trademarks have been a matter of dispute between lexicographers and corporate lawyers since the leading British case, Millington v. Fox (1838), established that trademarks might entail a property right. Trademarks were an issue for the OED, and even more so for American dictionaries, since A m erican law was potentially more stringent, yet incompletely settled until the Lanham Act of 1946. Trademarks, then, were a particular concern for the Dictionary of American English (1938-44) and the Dictionary of Americanisms (1951). For instance, owners of the trademark crackerjack objected to its inclusion in the DAE and to the definition provided there; Coca-Cola, Inc., on the other hand, encouraged entries for coke and coca-cola, viewing DAE as an advertising opportunity. Sir William Craigie advised his colleagues to avoid trademarks altogether. After the crackerjack flap and the attempted Coca-Cola takeover, they did. Subsequently, however, commercial dictionaries have included trademarks, the legal inclusion of which reflects not only clearer trademark law but a gradual understanding of the social purposes of dictionaries, their prerogatives of lexical eminent domain, and the status of words as inalienable property of the people. (Please turn to Page 10)
NADS 28.3 September 1996 / 9 ADS ANNUAL MEETING Saturday, January 4: Final Session and Luncheon Erie Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago
12:00 • M iriam M eyers, Metropolitan State Univ. The Pleasures, Perils, and Promise of the Language and Gender Course. Courses on language and gender offer an excellent opportunity not only to examine an area of active research, but also to teach broader concepts about language and variation to non-majors. Yet the task of doing both is daunting. This session will provide a retrospective picture of my experience teaching an undergraduate language and gender course for the past 15 years. I will draw on findings of a recent survey of students completing the course during that period. These students’ reports of the impact of the course on their lives document the promise—and pleasures—of teaching such a course. Perils to be discussed include problems of course naming, materials selection, and tone-setting. Annual Luncheon Mayfair Room, Level 2, Sheraton Chicago 12:45-1:45 p.m. Speaker: R ich a rd W. B ailey, Univ. of Michigan. P h ilological Eccentrics. Price $25 inclusive; all are welcome. Make advance reservations with the ADS Executive Secretary. James B. McMillan 1907-1996 By Michael Montgomery James B. McMillan, Professor Emeritus of best gauged not by his publications, but by English at the University of Alabama, passed acknowledgments to him in many important away August 28 in Tuscaloosa at the age of reference works, such as Dictionary of Ameri 89. He had taught at the university from 1931 canisms, which editor Mitford Mathews said to 1976. Few people have contributed more to “owes much to his fine discrimination and the study of American English or to the ad sound judgment” (xii) and Current American vancement of the profession than this Usage, edited by Margaret Bryant, a work for epitome of a wise, conscientious and selfless which McMillan “planned and organized the scholar, this keen observer of language and collection of data, worked out the editing pro editor of extraordinary acumen. cedure, and organized the bibliography” (xii). McMillan founded the University of Ala Similar credit is given to him by numerous bama Press in 1945 and directed it until 1962. other works on whose title page his name He edited PADS from 1956-62, was a tireless might well have appeared. In this generous supporter of the dialect society, and for de and soft-spoken gentleman the society has cades mentored members who sought his ad lost a great friend and a model scholar. vice on lexicography, linguistic geography, us age and other projects. W hat’s the Use? His own published scholarship was rather “I am again appealing for submissions to slight by today’s measures, but of the very the Usage Newsletter, which Chuck Meyers highest standard, ensuring that such articles and I are hoping will become a regular func as “Infixing and Interposing in English” (AS tion of the Committee on Usage. If you have a 55, 1980) will remain seminal contributions short piece y ou ’d like to submit, please do so (his publications through 1977 are listed in to the address below: short articles, notes, James B. McMillan: Essays in Linguistics by queries, announcements of books, etc., are en His Friends and Colleagues, ed. Jam es tirely welcome.”—Alan R. Slotkin, Professor Raymond and Willis Russell). of English, Box 5053, Tennessee Technologi His tireless devotion to the profession and cal University, Cookeville, TN 38505; e-mail the profession’s debt to him can perhaps be [email protected]; phone (615) 372-3262.
10 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 DIRECTORY Directory of Members, September 1996 In addition to the 528 individuals listed here, about 250 institutions belong to the ADS. Updated mailing labels and lists are available from the Executive Secretary, free for ADS mailings and at a reasonable fee for other purposes of benefit to members. Listings by locality are available to members who would like to get to know their neighbors. Special categories include °oLife Membership, available for $600 (minus the current y e a r ’s dues, if paid); §Emeritus Membership, free to retired members, but including only the Newslet ter; **Presidential Honorary Membership, awarded to three students annually by the ADS President, and ^Student Membership, including all publications, at $15 per year for as many as three years. A stu d e n t’s application should be accompanied by a confirming note from an ADS member. ABATE, Frank R., Dictionary & Reference Specialists, 263 Main St., Suite 301, Old Saybrook, CT 06475-2326 ABE, Goh, Meizen College, 2272-1 Kitafukigoe Shinmyoaza, Kokubunjicho Ayautagun, Kagawa-Ken 769-01, Japan ABRAHAM, Joe, 2158 Vickers Dr., Baton Rouge, LA 70815 (Louisiana State Univ.) ADAMS, Karen, Department of English, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-0302 ADAMS, Michael P., Department of English, Albright College, PO Box 15234, Reading, PA 19612-5234 ADJAYE, Sophia A., 7809 Walnut Grove Ct., Bakersfield, CA 93313-4139 (California State Univ., Bakersfield) AGNES, Michael E., New World Dictionaries, Citizens Bldg. Suite 306, 850 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114-3354 ALEONG, Stanley, 406 Pine Ave. West, Apt. 65, Montreal, Quebec, H2W 1S2, Canada (Teleglobe Canada) ALEXANDER, James D., University of Wisconsin Center, P.O. Box 150, Marshfield, Wl 54449 ~ALGEO, John, PO Box 270, Wheaton, IL 60189-0270 (Univ. of Georgia, emer.), [email protected] ALINE I, Mario, PO Box 102, 50029 Tavarnuzze (Fi), Italy (Univ. of Florence) ALLEN, Irving Lewis, PO Box 157, Storrs, CT 06268-0157 (Univ. of Connecticut) “ AMEMIYA, Tsuyoshi, 1455-4 Aihara, Machida, Tokyo, Japan AMMER, Christine, 5 Tricorne Rd., Lexington, MA 02173 ARAKELIAN, Paul G., Department of English, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rl 02881 ARMBRUSTER, Thomas E., San Marino High School, 2701 Huntington Dr., San Marino, CA 91108 ARONS, Rick, 4332 Harriet Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55409 (St. John’s Univ.), [email protected] *ARRUDA, Ron, 832 Hanover #8, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 ASHLEY, Leonard R.N., 1901 Avenue H, Brooklyn, NY 11230 (Brooklyn College CUNY) AULETTA, Richard P„ Box A, Roslyn, NY 11576-0850 (Long Island Univ.) AUSTIN, Allan D., 76 Sunset Ave., Amherst, MA 01002 (Springfield Coll.) BABITCH, Rose Mary, Professor of English, Centre Universitaire de Shippagan, Shippagan N.B., E0B 2P0, Canada §BAILEY, Charles-James N., Moani Lehua Gardens, PO Box 1416, Kea'au, HI 96749-1416 BAILEY, Guy, Dean of Liberal Arts, Univ. of Nevada 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 455001, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5001, [email protected] *BAILEY, Lucille M„ 1142 N. Forest Dr., Kokomo, IN 46901-1859 BAILEY, Richard W., Dept, of English Language and Literature, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109-1045, [email protected]. itd.umich.edu **BAILEY-TEULON, Jody, 105 Sherwood Ct., Blacksburg, VA 24060 (Louisiana State Univ.) BAIRD, Scott, Department of English, Trinity University, 715 Stadium Drive, San Antonio, TX 78212-7200, [email protected] BAND, Benjamin, 208 Deering Ave., Portland, ME 04102 BARBER, Katherine, Oxford University Press Canada, 70 Wynford Drive, Don Mills, ON, M3C 1J9, Canada, [email protected] ^BARNHART, David K., P.O. Box 247, Cold Spring, NY 10516, [email protected] BARNHART, Robert K., 34 Salmons Hollow Road, Brewster, NY 10509 (Barnhart Books) “ BARON, Dennis E., Dept, of English, University of Illinois, 608 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801 BATTISTELLA, Edwin, 1301 Meadow Lane, Wayne, NE 68787 (Wayne State Coll.) BAUGH, John, School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3096, jbaughl ©swarthmore.edu BAYLEY, Robert, Bicultural-Bilingual Studies, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249-0653 BEADE, Pedro, Department of English, Bryant College, Smithfield, Rl 02917-1284 BEAM, C. Richard, Editor, Pennsylvania German Dictionary, 406 Spring Drive, Millersville, PA 17551-2021 (MillersvilleUniv.) BECKNER, W. Thomas, 1101 lllsley Drive, Ft. Wayne, IN 46807 (Taylor Univ.), [email protected] BEENE, Lynn, Humanities Building 217, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1106 BENNETT, Jacob, University of Maine, English Department, Orono, ME 04469-0122 BENSON, Morton, 219 Myrtle Ave., Havertown, PA 19083-5707 (Dept, of Slavic Langs., Univ. of Pennsylvania) “ BERGDAHL, David, English Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 BERGER, Marshall D., 5 Greywood Drive, Orangeburg, NY 10962-2417 (City College of New York CUNY)
NADS 28.3 M ay 1996 / 11 DIRECTORY BERNSTEIN, Cynthia, Dept, of English, Auburn University, Auburn University, AL 36849-5203 BIBER, Douglas, Dept, of English, Northern Arizona University, PO Box 6032, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-6032 BILLS, Garland D., Department of Linguistics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1196, [email protected] BLANTON, Linda Lonon, Dept, of English, Univ. of New Orleans, Lakefront, New Orleans, LA 70148 BOERTIEN, Harmon S., Dept, of English, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-3012 BONNAGE, John A., 3701 S. George Mason Drive #2118, Falls Church, VA 22041 (Arcadia Institute) ooBORDIE, John G., 3704 Greenway, Austin, TX 78705-1820 (Univ. of Texas) BRENGELMAN, Fred H., Linguistics Department, California State Univ., Fresno, CA 93740-0092 BREWER, Jeutonne, 809 Guilford Rd., Jamestown, NC 27282 (Univ. of North Carolina, Greensboro) BRONSTEIN, Arthur J., 975 Underhills Road, Oakland, CA 94610-2526 (Univ. of California, Berkeley) BROOKS, Christopher, c/o D.L. Brooks, 60 Loeffler Rd. #303P, Bloomfield, CT 06002-2275 (Kuwait Univ.), chris @ hscc.kuniv.edu ,kw ‘ BUCHOLTZ, Mary, 2110 Carleton St., Berkeley, CA 94704-3214 (Univ. of California, Berkeley), [email protected] BURGES, Judith C., 460 Myrtle Greens Dr. Apt. K, Conway, SC 29526 (Univ. of South Carolina) BURKE, Lt. Col. Michael A., 280-B Bowman Loop, West Point, NY 10996-1002 (U.S. Military Academy), cm4074%english @ usma.edu BUTHELEZI, Q. E., Dept, of Linguistics, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050, South Africa “ BUTTERS, Ronald R., English Department, Duke University, Box 90018, Durham, NC 27708-0018, amspeech @ acpub.duke.edu BYRNE, Francis, Linguistics, Shawnee State University, Portsmouth, OH 45662-4303 CABLE, Thomas, Dept, of English, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1164 CALL, Joy, PO Box 493, Miranda, CA 95553 “ CALLARY, Edward, English Department, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2863 §CANNON, Garland, Dept, of English, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4227 CARLSON, David R., 34 Spaulding St., Amherst, MA 01002 (Springfield Coll.) CARMONY, Marvin, English Dept., Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809 CARPENTER, C. Leslie, University of South Carolina at Sumter, 200 Miller Road, Sumter, SC 29150-2498 CARSON, Charles, English Department, Duke University, Box 90018, Durham, NC 27708-0018, [email protected] edu CASSIDY, Fred G., DARE, 6125 Helen White Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl 53706 CHAMBERS, J. K., Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada CHANG, Ho Sheng, 2/F, 18, Alley 1, Lane 32, Chung Shan Rd., Sec. 3, Chung Ho, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China CHARLES, Joel, 9951 N.W. 5th Place, Plantation, FL 33324-7040 (Expert Witness Tape Recordings) CHEVILLET, Frangois, "La Taniere”, 38190 St. Mury-Monteymond, France (University Stendhal Grenoble III) CHING, Marvin K.L., English Dept., University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152-0001, [email protected] CHRISTIAN, Donna, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1118 - 22nd St. NW, Washington, DC 20037 CHWAT, Sam, M.S. C.C.C.-S.P., 253 West 16th St., Suite 1B, New York, NY 10011 (New York Speech Improvement Services) CICHOCKI, Wladyslaw, Dept, of French - Univ. of New Brunswick, P.O. Box 4400, Fredericton, N.B., E3B 5A3, Canada ~CLARK, Thomas L., English Department, University of Nevada, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5011, [email protected] CLARKE, Sandra, Linguistics Dept., Memorial University, St. John's Nfld., A1B 3X9, Canada, [email protected] COLE, George S., Shippensburg University, 1416 Bradley Ave., Hummelstown, PA 17036-9143, [email protected] COLEMAN, William L., Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412-5001, coleman @ hamlet, uncg .edu COLLINS, James T., ATMA UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia (Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia) “ COLTHARP, Lurline H., 4263 Ridgecrest, El Paso, TX 79902-1360 (Univ. of Texas, El Paso, emer.) “ COOLEY, Marianne, English Department, University of Houston—University Park, Houston, TX 77204-3012 COOPER, Grace C., 6712 West Park Drive, Hyattsville, MD 20782-1727 (Univ. of District of Columbia) COSTELLO, John R., Department of Linguistics, New York University, 719 Broadway, Room 504, New York, NY 10003-6860, [email protected] COSTELLO, Miles, 38 Hampers Green, Petworth, West Sussex GU28 9NW, England (Book dealer) COYE, Dale, 1132 Cherry Hill Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540 (Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching), CoyeCFAT @ aol.com CRABTREE, E.L., Apdo Postal 27-108, Mexico DF 06760, Mexico (Universidad Autonoma de Chapingo) CRANDALL, Susan E., 1750 Phantom Ave., San Jose, CA 95125 (Attorney) CREAMER, Thomas, 6619 Westmoreland Ave., Takoma Park, MD 20912 CRESWELL, Thomas J., 2601 East Indian Boundary Road, Chesterton, IN 46304-2686 (Chicago State Univ., emer.), creswell @ dodo. crown. net CRITTENDEN, Charlotte C., English Department, Georgia Southern College, L.B. 8023, Statesboro, GA 30460-8023 CROSBY, David, 100 ASU Drive # 89, Lorman, MS 39096 (Alcorn State Univ.) CUKOR-AVILA, Patricia, English Department, University of North Texas, PO Box 13827, Denton, TX 76203-6827, pcavila @jove acs .unt. edu CUNNINGHAM, Irma A. E„ 844 Campanula Ln., Raleigh, NC 27610-4708 (Shaw Univ.)
12 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 DIRECTORY "CURZAN, Anne L., 630 Waymarket Drive, Ann Arbor, Ml 48103 (Univ. of Michigan), [email protected] DAEGER, Giles A., 1610 N. Prospect Ave. #1502, Milwaukee, Wl 53202-2450 DAGGETT, Rowan K., Box 92, Manchester College, North Manchester, IN 46962 DALZELL, Tom, 1155 Oxford St., Berkeley, CA 94707 DAVIS, Boyd H., Department of English, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 DAVIS, Lawrence M., Dept, of English, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260-0014, [email protected] DAVIS, MarthaS., University of California, Black Studies, South Hall 3631, Santa Barbara. CA93106, [email protected] **DE LOS REYES, Guillermo, Dept, of Inti. Relations and History, Universidad de las Americas, Cholula 72820 Puebla, Mexico de VRIES, Linda, 6307 S. Washington Ave., Whittier, CA 90601-3645 (California State Univ., Northridge) de WOLF, Gaelan T., 2706 Heron St., Victoria B.C. V8R 6A2, Canada DECKER, Karl, 692 Elm St., Monroe, CT 0^468 (Staples High School) DEMAKOPOULOS, Steve A., 51 Plymouth St., Holbrook, MA 02343 "DeMARSE, Sharon, CASS Coordinator, University of South Carolina Sumter, 200 Miller Road, Sumter, SC 29150-2498, sharond @ uscsumter.uscsu.scarolina.edu DENNING, Keith, Dept, of English, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Ml 48197 DERINGER, Ludwig, Kilian-Leib-Str. 22, 85071 EichstStt, Germany (Univ. Eichstatt) DEVITT, Amy J„ English Department, 3116 Wescoe Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2115 DICKSON, Paul, PO Box 80, Garrett Park, MD 20896 DIENSBERG, Bernhard, Lievelingsweg 91,53119 Bonn, Germany DONOGHUE, Mildred R., Prof, of Education/Reading, California State University, PO Box 34080, Fullerton, CA 92634-9480 ooDORRILL, George T., English Dept., Box 417, University Station, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, LA 70402 §DOWNEY, Andrew F„ Jr„ 1551 Knob Hill Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 DOYLE, Charles Clay, English Department, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6205 •DRAY, Nancy L„ 5337 S. Hyde Park Blvd., Chicago, IL 60615 (U. of Chicago), [email protected] DRESSMAN, Michael R., Humanities, Univ. of Houston - Downtown, 1 Main Street, Houston, TX 77002 DuBOIS, Barbara R., PO Box 474, Socorro, NM 87801 -0474 (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology), [email protected] ooDUCKERT, Audrey R., One Maplewood Terrace, Hadley, MA 01035 (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst) DURANTE, Joanne F., 13532 Elbur Lane Up, Lakewood, OH 44107 DUSSERE, David, 11117 Cutbank Church Road, McKenney, VA 23872-2411 EASTON, Robert, The Henry Higgins of Hollywood Inc., 11102 Blix St., Toluca Lake, CA 91602 EBLE, Connie C., English Department, CB# 3520 Greenlaw Hall, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3520, [email protected] EDELSTEIN, Andrew Z., 345 Willow St. # 3, New Haven, CT 06511, [email protected] EDWARDS, Walter F., Graduate School, 4300 Faculty Admin. Bldg., Wayne State University, Detroit, Ml 48202 EICHHOFF, Juergen, Department of German, The Pennsylvania State University, 305 Burrowes Building, State College, PA 16802-6203, [email protected] •ELLIOTT, Nancy Carol, 91 Morton St. Apt. 17, Ashland, OR 97520 (Indiana Univ.) ELLIS, Michael, English Department, Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65804 ESKIN, Eden Force, 237 East 20 St. Apt. 6H, New York, NY 10003-1809 °°ESLING, John H., Dept, of Linguistics, Univ. of Victoria, P.O. Box 3045, Victoria B.C., V8W 3P4, Canada ESTRADA F., Zarina, Depto. Humanidades, Apdo. Postal 793, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo Sonora, Mexico FABER, Alice, Haskins Laboratories, 270 Crown St., New Haven, CT 06511-6695 FALLON, Paul D., 612 Greenbrier Ct. Apt. J, Fredericksburg, VA 22401-5539 (Ohio State Univ.), [email protected] FARIES, Rachel B., 3 Monterey PI., Alton, IL 62002-6740 (Alton High School) ooFEAGIN, Crawford, 2312 North Upton St., Arlington, VA 22207 °°FEHL, Alfred P., 23141 Raven Rock Rd., Smithsburg, MD 21783 (Hagerstown Jr. College) FELLEGY, Anna, 421 North 5th Avenue West, Duluth, MN 55806-2445, felleOOl @maroon.tc.umn.edu 'FENYVESI, Anna, Dept, of Linguistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, [email protected] FERNANDEZ, Joseph A., Avda. Fanals 30 “El Narcea,” 17250 Playa de Aro, Gerona, Spain (East Carolina Univ., emer.) FERRARO, Susan, 107 Woodcrest Ave., White Plains, NY 10604 FERRE, Barbara M., Dept, of English - Linguistic Atlas, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6205 FIELD, Fredric, 328 S. Gardner St., Orange, CA 92666 (Univ. of Southern California), [email protected] ooFINEGAN, Edward, Department of Linguistics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 FINNEY, Joseph C., 11561 Spur Road, Monterey, CA 93940-6621 (Finney Institute for the Study of Human Behavior) FISIAK, Jacek, School of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-874 Poznan, Poland FITZ-SIMONS, T.B., 710 Mote Road, Carrollton, GA 30117-9342 (West Georgia College) FLANIGAN, Beverly O., Dept, of Linguistics, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701-2979 FLIKEID, Karin, Dept, of Modern Languages, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax N.S., B3H 3C3, Canada FLYNN, Margaret, 26 Yacht Club Cove, Staten Island, NY 10308-3531 FOLEY, Lawrence M., English Department, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 FORTINSKY, Jerome S„ 375 S. End Ave. Apt. 35-M, New York, NY 10280-1086 FOX, Cynthia A., Dept, of French Studies, Humanities 236, State Univ. of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222
NADS 28.3 M ay 1996 /13 DIRECTORY \ FRANCIS, W. Nelson, Cognitive and Linguistic Sciences, Brown University, Box 1978, Providence, Rl 02912 FRAZER, Timothy C., Department of English, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455, [email protected] FRIES, Peter H., Box 310, Mt. Pleasant, Ml 48804 (Central Michigan University) FUJIMOTO, Sachiko, 3-22-9-A Higashi-Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164, Japan (Temple Univ. Japan in Tokyo), SachikoLiejuF @ msn.com ‘ FULLER, Janet M., Linguistics Program, English Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, jmcfull @ univscvm.csd.scarolina.edu FURTNEY. John R., 1101-A Troy Towers, Bloomfield, NJ 07003 GARCfA-BERMEJO GINER, Marfa F., Cuesta del Carmen 27-33, 6s G, 37002 Salamanca, Spain (Univ. de Salamanca), More @ gugu.usal.es GASQUE, Thomas J., English Department, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, [email protected] GATES, J. Edward, 28 Beach Rd., Ware, MA 01082-9383 (Indiana State Univ., emer.) §GILBERT, Glenn G., 166 Union Grove Road, Carbondale, IL62901-9804 (Southern Illinois Univ.), ga3591 @siucvmb.siu.edu GILMAN, E. Ward, 7 Lowell Ave., Westfield, MA 01085 (Merriam-Webster Inc.), [email protected] GILMER, Paul, American Embassy Managua, Unit 2709, Box 6, APO, AA 34021 GLOWKA, Arthur W., Department of English and Speech, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, [email protected] ‘ GORDON, Matthew J., 2126 Pauline Blvd. # 204, Ann Arbor, Ml 48103 (Univ. of Michigan), [email protected] GREEN, Archie, 224 Caselli Ave., San Francisco, CA 94114-2323 GREEN, Eugene, 15 Russell Street, Brookline, MA 02146 ‘ ‘ GREGORY, Elizabeth, 111C Reed McDonald Bldg., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2112, [email protected] GRISSOM, Brad, 2024 New Orleans Drive, Lexington, KY 40505-2526 (Library, Univ. of Kentucky) §GUNN, John, English Department, University of Sydney, Sydney N.S.W. 2006, Australia HABICK, Timothy, 116 E. Laurel Ave., Cheltenham, PA 19012 (Educational Testing Service), [email protected] HALEY, Ken, Rt. 1 Box 135, Waller, TX 77484 (Prairie View A&M Univ.) HALL, Joan H., 2724 Regent Street, Madison, Wl 53705 (DARE), [email protected] HAMBARSSOOMIAN, Haykaz, PO Box 36038, Los Angeles, CA 90036-0038 HANDSCOMBE, R. J., Dept, of English York Univ. Glendon College, 2275 Bayview Ave., Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M6, Canada HARDER, Kelsie B., English Department, Potsdam College SUNY, Potsdam, NY 13676-2294 HARMON, Mary R., Department of English, Saginaw Valley State University, 7400 Bay Road, University Center, Ml 48710 HARNICK-SHAPIRO, David B., 14252 Avenue Mendocino, Irvine, CA 92714 (Univ. of California, Irvine), [email protected] HARRIS, Barbara P., Univ. of Victoria Dept, of Linguistics, P.O. Box 3045, Victoria B.C., V8W 3P4, Canada HARRIS, Dolores R., 1518 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 HARRIS, Marion O., 14 Oak St., Morristown, NJ 07960-5240 (Bellcore) HARRIS, Patricia Harn, 202 West Broadway, Columbia, MO 65203 HARTMAN, James W., English Department, 3116 Wescoe Hall, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2115 ‘ HATCHETT Jr., Louis B., 1220 Taransay Way, Henderson, KY 42420 —HATTERY, Carl M., 13002 Monroe Ave., Fort Washington, MD 20744-2959 HAWISHER, Gail E., Department of English, University of Illinois, 608 S. Wright, Urbana, IL 61801, [email protected] HAWKES, P.H.R., M.D., 19 Bassett St., New Britain, CT 06051 "HAZEN, Kirk, 111 Brehon St., Warrenton, NC 27589-1901 (North Carolina State Univ.) HEACOCK, Paul, Cambridge University Press, 40 West 20th St. 7th floor, New York, NY 10011-4211 -HEAD, Brian F„ Box 22254, SUNY Station, Albany, NY 12222 (State Univ. of New York) HENDERSON, Michael M.T., Linguistics Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2140, m- henderson @ ukans.edu HERSHEY-MILLER, Sadelle, 75 Henry St. Box 227, Brooklyn Hts., NY 11201-1701 HICKERSON, Joseph C., 43 Philadelphia Ave., Takoma Park, MD 20912-4338 (Library of Congress) HIGGINS, Worth J„ PO Box 838, Waldo, FL 32694-0838 HILL, Jane H., Dept, of Anthropology, University of Arizona, PO Box 210030, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030 HINES, Carole Phillips, Department of English, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0078 HOAR, Nancy, PO Box 276, Haydenville, MA 01039 (Western New England College) HOCKETT, Charles F., 145 North Sunset Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14850 (Cornell Univ., emer.) HOFFMAN, Melvin J., Department of English, State University College, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222 HOMA, Harry, 280 Riverside Dr. Apt. 6H, New York, NY 10025-9021 (West Side High School, Manhattan, retired) HORVATH, Barbara M., Department of Linguistics, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia, [email protected] ‘ ‘ HORVATH, Vera, 1500 S. Wall Apt. 134-12, Carbondale, IL 62901 HOUCK, Charles L., 615 N. Kylewood Dr., Muncie, IN 47304 (Ball State Univ.) §HOWARD, Martha C., 360 Mulberry Street, Morgantown, WV, 26505 (West Virginia University, emer.) HOWARD, Rebecca Moore, PO Box 596, Earlville, NY 13332 (Colgate University), [email protected]
14 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 DIRECTORY ~HOWELL, Edgar C., IV, Kuttenkauler Weg 8, 53797 Lohmar, Germany HOWREN, Robert, 406 Ransom St., Chapel Hill, NC 27516-2746 (Univ. of North Carolina) HOYLE, Susan M., 5213 Portsmouth Rd., Bethesda, MD 20816-2928 (Dept, of Linguistics, Georgetown Univ.) HUANG, Xiaozhao, 2305 7th Ave. North, Grand Forks, ND 58203 (Univ. of North Dakota), [email protected] HUBER, Richard M., Suite 926, 2950 Van Ness St. NW, Washington, DC 20008 HUDSON, Barbara Hill, English Dept., Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705-1094 HUFF, Lorrie, 2301 Santiago Dr., Newport Beach, CA 92660 HULL, Alexander, 2318 Prince St., Durham, NC 27707-1431 (Duke Univ.) ‘ HYSMITH, Stephanie J., 14474 Rankin Rd., Shade, OH 45776 (Ohio Univ.) °°IKEMIYA, Tsuneko, 5-6-20 Higashi, Tomigaoka, Nara City 631, Japan (Tezugayama University)
NADS 28.3 M ay 1996 /15 DIRECTORY V LARMOUTH, Donald W., Communication and the Arts, TH-331, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wl 54311-7001 LARSEN, Vernon S., 787 Lemos Avenue, Salinas, CA 93901-1252 LATTEY, Elsa, Sem. fur Englische Philologie, Universitat Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 50, 72074 Tubingen, Germany LAUINGER, Ann, 34 Hudson St., Ossining, NY 10562 (Sarah Lawrence Coll.) LAWSON, Edwin D., 23 Westerly Drive, Fredonia, NY 14063-1605 (State Univ. of New York, Fredonia), lawson ©fredonia.edu LeCOMPTE, Nolan P., Jr., Vice President Academic Affairs, Nicholls State University, P.O. Box 2002, Thibodaux, LA 70310 ‘ LEE, Margaret G., 18 Pirates Cove, Hdmpton, VA 23669 (Hampton Univ., Indiana Univ. of Pennsylvania), [email protected] LEGAULT, Suzanne Ramey, 2011 Que Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 (Towson State Univ.), [email protected] LEHMANN, Winfred P„ 3800 Eck Lane, Austin, TX 78734-1613 (Univ. of Texas) LERUD, Theodore K., Dept, of English, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, IL 60126-3296 LEWIS, Brian, 1185 Wildwood Road, Boulder, CO 80303 (Germanic Lgs., Univ. of Colorado, Boulder) "LIGHT, Deanna, Department of English, Park Hall 254, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-6205, deannal @ parallel.park.uga.edu LIGHTER, Jonathan E., English Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0430 ’ LILLIE, Diane D., 1999 N. University Ave. #87, Provo, UT 84604 (Brigham Young Univ.), [email protected] °°LINN, Michael D., Linguistics Program, 420 Humanities Building, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812-2496, mlinn@d. umn.edu LIPPINCOTT, Charles R., 407 Ridgewood Dr., Richardson, TX 75080-1824 LIPSKI, John M., Dept, of Spanish and Portuguese, 235 Ortega Hall, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1146, [email protected] LONG, Danny, 6-6-37-404Yoshida,Higashi-Osaka-shi, Osaka578, Japan (OsakaSh6inWomen’sCollege),[email protected] shoin.ac.jp LONG, Richard A., 883 Edgewood Ave. SE, Inman Park, Atlanta, GA 30307 (Emory Univ.) LORENZ, Brenna E., Box 5186, U.O.G. Station, Mangilao, GU 96923 (Natural Sciences, Univ. of Guam) LOUDEN, Mark L., Department of Germanic Languages, University of Texas, E.P. Schoch 3.102, Austin, TX 78712-1190 LOVEN, Bjorn S., Radarvagen 11,18361 Taby, Sweden LUTZ, William, Department of English, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102 LYON, Andrew C., 20 Bameson Ave. Unit C, San Mateo, CA 94402-2943 MACAULAY, Ronald K.S., 317 West 7th St., Claremont, CA 91711 (Pitzer College) ’ MacDONALD, Pamela, 2413 Sellers Rd., Starkville, MS 39759 (Mississippi State Univ.), pkml ©ra.MsState.edu MACHONIS, Peter A., Dept, of Modem Languages, Florida International Univ., University Park, Miami, FL 33199 MACKAY, Carolyn J., Dept, of English, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0460 MacLEISH, Andrew, 4141 Aldrich Ave. S., Minneapolis, MN 55409 (Univ. of Minnesota, emer.) MANNING, Alan D., Dept, of Linguistics 2129 JKH B, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 MARTIN, Charles B., Department of English, University of North Texas, PO Box 13827, Denton, TX 76203-3827 MARTIN, Stefan, Department of English, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, MD 20686, smartin @ oyster.smcm.edu MARTINEZ, Elizabeth A., 413 Clayton Dr., Charleston, SC 29414 (College of Charleston) MATTESON, Marianna Merritt, Dept, of Foreign Langs. & Lits., Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-2610 MAYNOR, Natalie, Department of English, Mississippi State University, Drawer E, Mississippi State, MS 39762, [email protected] McARTHUR, Lewis L., 4154 S.W. Tualatin Ave., Portland, OR 97201 ooMcDAVID, Virginia G., Ogden Dunes Box 669, 9 Beach Lane Court, Portage, IN 46368-1016 (Chicago State Univ., emer.) McGILLIVRAY, Donald G., 63 Glendale Ave., Ottawa, Ont., K1S 1W5, Canada McGOFF, Michael F., 3792 Sally Piper Road, Endwell, NY 13760 (State U. of New York at Binghamton), [email protected] McGOWAN, Joseph, Department of English, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110-2492, [email protected] MclLWAIN, Gloria E., 760 Cole Street, San Francisco, CA 94117 McKINZEY, Rima Elkin, 555 Pierce St. Apt. 701, Albany, CA 94706, [email protected] McQUAIN, Jeffrey H., The New York Times, Washington Bureau, 1627 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20006-4085 METCALF, Allan A., English Department, MacMurray College, Jacksonville, IL 62650-2590 MEYER, Charles F., Dept, of English, Univ. of Massachusetts at Boston, HarborCampus, Boston, MA 02125, [email protected] MEYERS, Miriam, 2000 W. 21st St„ Minneapolis, MN 55405 (Metropolitan State Univ.), mmeyers@msus1 .msus.edu MEYERS, Walter E., Department of English, North Carolina State University, Box 8105, Raleigh, NC 27695-8105 MILES, Edwin A., 2645 Alta Glen Drive, Birmingham, AL 35243 (Univ. of Houston, emer.) MILIC, Louis T., Dictionary Society of North America, RT-937, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115-2403 §MILLER, Mary R., 2825 - 29th Place N.W., Washington, DC 20008-3501 (Univ. of Maryland, emer.) MILROY, Lesley, Program in Linguistics, University of Michigan, 1087 Frieze Building, Ann Arbor, Ml 48109-1285, [email protected] MINKOVA, Donka, Department of English, UCLA, 405 Hilgard Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1530 MISAWA, Mr., Oobei Bunka Ken, Bunka Womens Univ 3 2 1, Jousuiminami Cho Kodiara Shi, Tokyo MZ, Japan MISH, Frederick C., Merriam-Webster Inc., 47 Federal Street, P.O. Box 281, Springfield, MA 01102
16 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 DIRECTORY §MITCHELL, Eleanor R., 3794 Summer Lane, Huntsville, TX 77340-8945 (Sam Houston State Univ.) MIZUTANI, Osamu, National Language Research Institute, 3-9-14 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan "MONTAGUE, Dawn, Department of English, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306-0460 MONTGOMERY, Michael B., Department of English, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 'MOODY, Andrew J., English Department, 3114 Wescoe, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2115, [email protected] MOORE, Cynthia L., Attorney at Law, 2717 North Fillmore St., Arlington, VA 22207, [email protected] MORRILL, Duncan E., 19 Old Kings Road, Merrimack, NH 03054-4217 MORTON, Herbert C., 7106 Laverock Lane, Bethesda, MD 20817-4734 MORZINSKI, Mary, 356 Berry College, Mt. Berry, GA 30149, [email protected] MUELLER, Erik T., PO Box 1007, Planetarium Station, New York, NY 10024-0547, [email protected] MUFWENE, Salikoko S.r Department of Linguistics, University of Chicago, 1010 East 59th St., Chicago, IL 60637, [email protected] MURPHY, M. Lynne, Department of Linguistics, University of the Witswatersrand, PO Wits 2050, South Africa °°MURRAY, Thomas E., Dept, of English, Kansas State University, Denison Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506-0701 °°MURTO, Richard B., Takagi-cho 3-22-19, Kokubunji-shi 185, Japan MUSCHELL, David, Department of English and Speech, Georgia College, Milledgeville, GA 31061-0490 MYACHINSKAYA, Elvira I., English Department, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia MYERS-SCOTTON, Carol, Linguistics Program c/o English, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, carolms @ univscvm.csd.scarolina.edu °°NAGAI, Yoshimi, 2-10, Honkomagome 4-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan °°NAGASE, Jiro, 4572-10 Akiya, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa-ken 240-01, Japan (Dept, of Literature, Senshu University) §NASH, Rose, 1290 Northwood Rd. No. 161 -B, Seal Beach, CA 90740-7108 (Univ. of Puerto Rico, emer.), rosenash ©caribe.net NELSON, Eric S., 2622 S. Emerson Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55408 §NETSKY, Marlin G., M.D., 111 Fleet Landing Blvd., Atlantic Beach, FL 32333-4591 (Vanderbilt Univ.) NEUFELDT, Victoria E., 30 Churchill St., Springfield, MA 01108-2019 (Merriam-Webster) §NEUFFER, Irene, 4532 Meadowood Rd., Columbia, SC 29206 (Univ. of South Carolina, emer.) NICHOLS, Patricia C., 1430 Westmont Ave., Campbell, CA 95008 (San Jose State Univ.) NICOLAISEN, Wilhelm F. H., Dept, of English / Taylor Building, King’s College, Old Aberdeen AB9 2UB, Scotland §NIEDZIELSKI, Henry, 2425 W. Orange Ave., Anaheim, CA 92804-3447 NIGRO, Marie A., 1381 Kirkland Ave., West Chester, PA, 19380 (Lincoln Univ.), [email protected] NUESSEL, Frank, Modern Languages, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 NUNNALLY, Thomas, Dept, of English, 9030 Haley Center, Auburn University, Auburn University, AL 36849-5203, Nunn.auducvax.bitnet NYLVEK, Judith A., 2434 Sutton Rd„ Victoria B.C., V8N 1J2, Canada (Univ. of Victoria) ooOISHI, Itsuo, 7 Saruhashi-machi, Otsuki-shi, Yamanashi-ken 409-06, Japan O'NEILL, Kathleen M., 1594 Gilmore Dr., San Leandro, CA 94577, koneill @uic.edu ORD, Priscilla A., P.O. Box 907, Farmville, VA 23901-0907 (Longwood College) ORNSTEIN-GALICIA, Jacob L., Dept, of Linguistics, Univ. of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968-0554 OSBURG, Barbara, 18 Marshall Place, St. Louis, MO 63119-2321 PAGE, E.R., 3545 Jamison Way # 122, Castro Valley, CA 94546 PAIKEDAY, Thomas M., Lexicographer, 1776 Chalkdene Grove, Mississauga Ont., L4W 2C3, Canada PARKER, Frank, PO Box 250, Knife River, MN 55609-0250 (Louisiana State University) PARTIN, Allyn, 1775 Seventh St., San Fernando, CA 91340-1604 PATRICK, Peter L., Linguistics Dept., Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1051, [email protected] PEARSONS, Enid, 145 Sixth Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11217 (Random House), [email protected] PEDERSON, Lee, 1364 Springdale Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30306 (Emory Univ.) PERANTEAU, Paul M., John Benjamins North America, PO Box 27519, Philadelphia, PA 19118-0519 PERLMAN, Sidney, M.D., 19 Timrod Rd., West Hartford, CT 06107 PERLOW, Austin H., 58 Fairway, Hempstead, NY 11550 'PEZZINO, Susan, 1130 N. Dearborn Pkwy Apt. 1405, Chicago, IL 60610-2743 (Univ. of Illinois, Chicago) PHILLIPS, Betty S., 62 Briarwood Dr., Terre Haute, IN 47803 (Indiana State Univ.) §PHILLIPS, Jean McCabe, 11341 Dona Teresa Drive, Studio City, CA 91604 (UCLA) PHILLIPS, Lucy D„ 38 Dover Road, Wellesley, MA 02181 PICKETT, Joseph, Senior Lexicographer, Houghton Mifflin Co., 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116-3764, pickett @ hmco.com PICKETT, Penelope O., 601 Marcia Lane, Rockville, MD 20851 PICONE, Michael, Dept, of Romance Languages and Classics, University of Alabama, Box 870246, Tuscaloosa, AL 35406- 0246, [email protected] PLETSCH de GARCIA, Kati, Dept, of English, Spanish, and Fine Arts, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Blvd, Laredo, TX 78041, [email protected] POLSKY, Ellen S., University of Colorado, International English Center, Campus Box 463, Boulder, CO 80309-0463, [email protected]
NADS 28.3 M ay 1996 / 17 DIRECTORY POPE, Mike, 25305 Cox Road, Petersburg, VA 23803-6507 (Virginia State Univ.) POPIK, Barry A., 225 East 57th St., Suite 7P, New York, NY 10022 (Attorney at Law), [email protected] POTEET, Lewis J., 604 les Erables, Laval, Quebec, H7R 1B6, Canada (Concordia Univ.) PRATT, Terry K., Department of English, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown P.E.I., Cl A 4P3, Canada PRESTON, Dennis R., 4409 Copperhill Dr., Okemos, Ml 48864 (Michigan State Univ.), [email protected] PROTOMASTRO, Mary Beth, 15 West 72nd St. Apt. 9K, New York, NY 10023 (Copy Editor newsletter) RADER, James, 49 Manhan St., Northampton, MA 01060-4213 (Merriam-Webster) RANDALL, Phyllis R., 2620 University Dr., Durham, NC 27707 (North Carolina Central Univ.) RAPHAEL, Lawrence J., 6 Longview Place, Great Neck, NY 11021-2509 (Herbert H. Lehman College CUNY) °°RAPP, Linda Loretto, 4839 Westland, Dearborn, Ml 48126 RAWSON, Hugh, 53 South St., Roxbury, CT 06783 °°READ, Allen Walker, 39 Claremont Ave., New York, NY 10027-6824 (Columbia Univ., emer.) REDFERN, Richard K., 1600 First Ave. West, No. 303, Bradenton, FL 34205-6837 (Clarion Univ. of Pennsylvania, emer.) REED, David W., 903 N. Park Ave., Bolivar, MO 65613-1044 (Northwestern Univ., emer.) REESE, Jay Robert, English Dept., East Tennessee State Univ., Box 70557, Johnson City, TN 37614-0557 ~RICH, John Stanley, P.O. Box 2582, Aiken, SC 29802 (Univ. of South Carolina) °°RICH, Paul J., Universidad de las Americas, Apartado Postal 100, Cholula 72820 Puebla, Mexico RICKFORD, John R., Department of Linguistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2150 RILEY, Kathryn, Dept, of Composition, 420 Humanities Building, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812-2496 ROBERTS, Julie, Dept, of Communication Sciences, University of Vermont, Allen House, Burlington, VT 05405, jroberts @ polyglot.uvm.edu ROBERTS, Norman F., 2273 Apoepoe St., Pearl City, HI 96782 ROBERTS, Randy, Western Historical Manuscript Coil., 23 Ellis Library, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, [email protected] RODGERS, Bruce, 1135 Harrison St. # 6, Santa Clara, CA 95050-4252 RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, Felix, Depto. de Ingles, Univ. de Alicante, Ap. Correus, 99, E-03080 Alacant, Spain, [email protected] *ROOK, Christian, Department of German, Pennsylvania State University, S-324 Burrowes Bldg., University Park, PA 16802 ROSENTHAL, Jane M., 5532 S. Blackstone Ave., Chicago, IL 60637-1834 ROSENZWEIG, Vicki, 33 Indian Road 6-R, New York, NY 10034, vr%[email protected] ROSS, Garry, 141 Sandra St., Natchitoches, LA 71457-7721 (Northwestern State Univ.) RUBRECHT, August, Department of English, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, Wl 54702-4004 °°RUDIN, Catherine, Humanities Division, Wayne State College, Wayne, NE 68787, [email protected] ooRUFFNER, Frederick G., Jr., Omnigraphics, Inc., Penobscot Bldg., Detroit, Ml 48226 RUHL, Charles, English Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0078 RULON, Curt M., Gifu College of Education, 2078 Takakuwa, Yanaizu-Cho, Hashima-gun, Gifu-ken 501-61, Japan RUNDQUIST, Suellen, English Dept., 106 Riverview, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, [email protected] SAFIRE, William L., The New York Times, Washington Bureau, 1627 I Street N.W., Washington, DC 20006-4085 SALMONS, Joe, German Dept. Van Hise Hall, 1220 Linden Dr., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wl 53706, [email protected] **SANSKY, Kerrie M., 92 Winthrop Avenue, Albany, NY 12203 (SUNY Albany) SANTA ANA, Otto, 5352 Kincheloe Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90041, [email protected] SASAKI, Hideki, 5-1-1-407 Asahigaoka, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204 MZ, Japan SAUNDERS, Gladys E., Department of French, 302 Cabell Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903 SCALA, Robert A., 506 Scarborough Ave., Rehoboth Beach, DE 19971 SCANNAVINI, Anna, Via dei Marrucini 14 00185 Roma, Italy (Univ. of Rome) SCHEURINGER, Hermann, University of Vienna, Institut fur Germanistik, Dr. Karl Lueger-Ring 1, A-1010 Wien, Austria ‘ ‘ SCHILLING-ESTES, Natalie, 3939 Glenwood Ave. Apt. 413, Raleigh, NC 27612 (North Carolina State Univ.), nsestes @ email.unc.edu SCHNEIDER, Edgar W., Universitat Regensburg, Inst, fur Anglistik - Universitatsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany, [email protected] SCHONWEITZ, Thomas, Englische Sprachwissenschaft, Universitat BayreuthK95440 Bayreuth, Germany SCHOURUP, Lawrence, Residence Okura A407, Mibu, Fuchida-cho 12, Nakagyoku, Kyoto 604, Japan SCHWARTZ, J. Alex, Editor, Sage Publications, 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, [email protected] SCOTT, Ann Martin, Department of English, University of Southwestern Louisiana, P.O. Box 44691, Lafayette, LA 70504- 4691, [email protected] SEABURG, William R., 2016 N.E. Ravenna Blvd., Seattle, WA 98105 §SHAFER, Robert E., 3021 South Fairway Drive, Tempe, AZ 85282-4026 (Arizona State Univ., emer.) ‘SHAPIRO, Eric, 1325 18th St. NW, Apt. 907, Washington, DC 20036-6513 (Georgetown Univ.), [email protected] SHAPIRO, Lewis, 333 N. State Rd. No. 27, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510
18 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 DIRECTORY SHARP, Ann W., English Department, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613-0438 ■»SHARPE, William D., 62 University Court, South Orange, NJ 07079 SHEIDLOWER, Jesse T., Random House Reference Dept., 201 East 50th St., New York, NY 10022, [email protected] SHERIDAN, Kathleen, van Imhoffstraat 24, 2595 SE The Hague, The Netherlands (Inti. Service for National Agricultural Research), [email protected] SHIELDS, Kenneth, Jr., 3155 Grande Oak Place, Lancaster, PA 17601 (Millersville State College) SHORES, David L., 4600 Crystalwood Court, Virginia Beach, VA 23464 (Old Dominion Univ.) SHORT, C. Steven, P.O. Box 488, Glenbrook, NV 89413-0488 SHULMAN, David, c/o St. Nicholas Home, 425 Ovington Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11209-1504 SHUY, Roger W., 2032 - 48th St. NW, Washington, DC 20007-1552 (Georgetown Univ.) SIBATA, Takesi, 2-6-5 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan SIMON, Beth Lee, CM 109, Dept, of English and Linguistics, Indiana Univ./Purdue Univ.-Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805- 1499, [email protected] SIMONS, H.D., Education Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 SIMPSON, Dagna, 9517 Cleveland St., Crown Point, IN 46307-2020 SIMPSON, JoEllen M., Carrera 89 #10-80, Apto. 215, Multicentro Unidad 20-21, Cali, Colombia (Univ. del Valle), josimpso @ mafalda.univalle.edu.co §SINNEMA, John R., 7241 Baldwin Reserve Dr., Middleburg Heights, OH 44130-5668 (Baldwin-Wallace College, emer.) SIRAGUSA, Richard D., 721 North Mayflower Rd., Lake Forest, IL 60045 SKLAR, Elizabeth S., 904 Olivia, Ann Arbor, Ml 48104 (Wayne State Univ.) SLEDD, James H., Box 5311, Austin, TX 78763-5311 (Univ. of Texas, emer.) SLEDGE, Mailande Cheney, 305 Demopolis St„ Greensboro, AL 36744 (Marion Military Institute, retired) SLOTKIN, Alan R., Department of English, Tennessee Technological University, Box 5053, Cookeville, TN 38505, [email protected] SMITH, Grant W., Department of English, MS-25, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA 99004 SMITH, Michael K., Bureau of Educational Research, University of Tennessee, 212 Claxton, Knoxville, TN 37996 SMITH, Philip H., Jr., 20 John Street East, Waterloo - Ontario, N2J 1E7, Canada SMITHERMAN, Geneva, Department of English, 221 Morrill Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml 48824-1036 SOCKWELL, Sandra M., 7410 Knollwood, Florence, AL 35630 (Univ. of Alabama) SOLTIS, Katherine, New World Dictionaries, 850 Euclid Ave., Suite 306, Cleveland, OH 44114-3354 SOUTHARD, Bruce, English Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, [email protected] SOUTHERLAND, R.H., Dept, of Linguistics, The University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada SPEARS, Richard A., 807 Surrey Lane, Glenview, IL 60025 (NTC Publishing Group) °°SPODICK, David H., M.D., 17 Franklin Circle, Northborough, MA 01532 (Univ. of Mass. Medical School) SPORE, Harlan, 3507 E. Washington # 63, North Little Rock, AR 72114 SQUEGLIA, Erin, Forrester Research, 1033 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138 STACZEK, John J„ 7504 Glennon Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 (Georgetown Univ.) STALKER, James C., Department of English, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml 48824-1036 STEINER, Roger J., Dept, of Linguistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716-2551 STEINMETZ, Sol, Editorial Director, Random House Reference, 201 East 50th St., 3-2, New York, NY 10022 STEPHENS, Thomas M., Dept, of Spanish and Portuguese, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0270, [email protected] STOCKWELL, Robert P., 4000 Hayvenhurst Ave., Encino, CA 91436-3850 (UCLA), [email protected] STYGALL, Gail, English, Box 35-4330, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-4330, stygall@u. washington.edu SUBLETTE, Jack R., 104 Skylark Drive, Enterprise, AL 36330-1547 (Troy State Univ. at Dothan) SUGIYAMA, Mr., Fukuoka Women’s College, Kashii, Fukuoka City 813 MZ, Japan SUTHERLAND, Fraser, 39 Helena Ave., Toronto Ontario, M6G 2H3, Canada SWIFT, Sylvia, Dept, of Comparative Literature, 4406 Dwinelle Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2510, madonna@ violet.berkeley.edu SYMANSKI, Donald, 21533 Washington Ave., Kansasville, Wl 53139 SYPNIEWSKI, Bernard Paul, PO Box 513, Woodbine, NJ 08270 (Atlantic Community Coll.) ooTABBERT, Russell, Editing and Writing Services, 9 College Park Road, Grinnell, IA 50112 TAGLIAMONTE, Sali, Department of Languages & Linguistic Science, University of York, Heslington, York, YOI 5DD, United Kingdom (Univ. of York, Univ. of Ottawa), [email protected] TAKAHASHI, Sakutaro, 5-1-1-301 Hakusan, Asao-ku, Kawasaki 215, Japan ooTANNEN, Deborah F., Linguistics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057-1067 TAYLOR, William, 706 Maple Dr., Talladega, AL 35160-2828 (Talladega Coll.) TERASAWA, Yoshio, 5-8-5 Maeharacho Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan THOMAS, Erik R., Dept, of English, Box 8105, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8105 THOMAS, Irene D., PO Box 1511, Sebastopol, CA 95473-1511, [email protected] THORBURN, J. Alexander, 602 Susan Drive, Hammond, LA 70403-3444 (Southeastern Louisiana Univ., emer.) THORNHILL, P.G., 330 Second St., Newmarket Ont., L3Y 3W6, Canada
NADS 28.3 M ay 1996 /19 DIRECTORY ooTINKLER, John, Department of English, University of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN 37402 TORGOMAN, Mary Pearsall, 214 - 31st St., Des Moines, IA 50312 TORRANS, Anne, Communications Dept., LSU-S, 1 University Place, Shreveport, LA 71115-2399 (Louisiana State Univ.) TOTTIE, Gunnel, Englisches Seminar University ZOrich, Plattenstrasse 47, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland TROIKE, Rudolph C., Dept, of English, Modern Languages Bldg. #67, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 TRUDGILL, P. J., Department of English, BFSH 2, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland TYSON, Rodney, 1330 Hand Ave. #11, Ormond Beach, FL 32174-8474 UNDERWOOD, Gary N., Department of English, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-1164 URDANG, Laurence, 4 Laurel Hts., Old Lyme, CT 06371 (Verbatim) VADLA, Ingvar, Adlandslio 26, 5400 Stord, Norway van GELDEREN, Elly, English Department, Arizona State University, Box 870302, Tempe, AZ 85287-0302 ~van LEUNEN, Mary-Claire, 220 Harvard St., Cambridge, MA 02139 VAN NESS, Silke, Germanic and Slavic HU 216, State Univ. of New York, 1400 Washington Ave., Albany, NY 12222, SV478 @ CNSVAX.ALBANY.edu VAN RIPER, Mrs. William R., 1125 Magnolia Wood Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 VAN VLIET, E. Richie, PO Box 269, Lima, NY 14485-0269 (State Univ. of New York, Geneseo) VIERECK, Wolfgang, University Bamberg, Englische Sprachwissenschaft, An der University 9, 96045 Bamberg, Germany =°von SCHNEIDEMESSER, Luanne, 3555 Tally Ho Lane, Madison, Wl 53705 (DARE), [email protected] WACHAL, Robert S., Linguistics - EPB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 WAKSLER, Rachelle, English Dept. Linguistics Program, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132-1722, rwaksler® sfsu.edu WALKER, Neil, Ontario Sec. School Teachers’ Fed., 60 Mobile Drive, Toronto Ontario, M4A 2P3, Canada WALTON, Gerald W., Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 °°WARKENTYNE, H. J., Dept, of Linguistics, Univ. of Victoria, PO Box 3045, Victoria B.C., V8W 3P4, Canada WATKINS, Donald, Linguistics Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2140 ooWEBER, Rose-Marie, Reading Dept. ED 333, Univ. at Albany - SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 WEDEMA, A.C., Gorterlaan 4, 9752 GJ Haren, Netherlands (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) WHITCOMB, Kelly, 781 Humer St., Enola, PA, 17025 (Mlllersville Univ.) WHITE, Lorraine I., HQ EUCOM, Unit 30400, Box 164, APO, AE 09128 § WHITING, B.J., Rt. 1, Box 467, Belfast, ME 04915 WILLIAMS, Greg, 21 Lorraine Gardens, Islington, Ont., M9B 4Z5, Canada WILLIAMS, Patrice D„ PO Box 230636, Montgomery, AL 36123 'WILLIAMS, Randal D., 2042 Cane Creek Rd., Cookeville, TN 38506-6406 (Tennessee Technological Univ.), rdw2101 @ tntech.edu WILSON, Frank B., 512 N. Main, Jackson Center, OH 45334 WINER, Lise, Dept, of Linguistics, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-4517 WINFORD, Donald, Department of Linguistics, The Ohio State University, 1712 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1298 WOLFRAM, Walt, Dept, of English, North Carolina State Univ., Box 8105, Raleigh, NC 27695-8105, [email protected] WOOD, Alden S., 140 Charles St., Reading, MA 01867-1826 (Simmons Coll.), [email protected] WOOLF, Henry B., 45 - 528 Willow Street, Springfield, MA 01103 YAMADA, Masayoshi, 993-1 Yu-machi Tamayu-cho, Yatsuka-gun, Shimane 699-02, Japan (Shimane Univ.) °°YERKES, David, 130 Cobble Road, PO Box 626, Salisbury, CT 06068-0626 (Columbia Univ.) YLI-VAKKURI, Jussi, Mayratie 6 A 2, FIN-00800 Helsinki, Finland (Univ. of Helsinki) ZEIGLER, Mary Brown, 3344 River Road, Decatur, GA 30034-4807 (Georgia State Univ.) ZENTELLA, Ana Celia, Hunter College 1107W, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021, [email protected] ZERGER, Sandra, Director, Ctr. for Acad. Development, 300 E. 27th St., Bethel College, North Newton, KS 67117-9989 ZINKIN, Vivian, 1823 Attaya Road, Lakewood, NJ 08701 (Glassboro State College) ZWICKY, Arnold M., 63 W. Beaumont Rd., Columbus, OH 43214 (Ohio State Univ.) Lexicographical Applications Invited for Verbatim-DSNA Award December 6 is the deadline to apply for the graphical projects during 1997, with awards second annual Ver6a£im-DSNA Award to sup ranging from $500 to $2500. port lexicographical study and research. Winner of $2000 in last y ea r’s competition Funded by the magazine Verbatim: The Lan was DARE. The award supported a Project guage Quarterly (edited by L a u r e n c e Assistant to verify quotations. Urdang) and administered by the Dictionary For applications, write John Algeo, Presi Society of North America, the Verbatim- dent DSNA, PO Box 270, Wheaton, IL 60189- DSNA Award will support one or more lexico 0270; e-mail [email protected].
20 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 MEETINGS NWAVE in Las Vegas, October (Sorry for the Fine Print) 2:50 A: Rural and urban speech forms as symbolic resources in contem The annual conference on New Ways of porary Texas (B. Johnstone) Analyzing Variation will celebrate its Silver B. Testing the equivalence constraint: Evidence from verbs and adjec tives in Persian-English discourse (A. Moinzadoh) Anniversary in the Silver State at the Sahara C: Linking and intrusive [r] in English: A sociolinguistic perspective (P. Foulkes) Hotel, Las Vegas, Oct. 17-20. For information 3:15 A: A comparison of variation in signed and spoken languages: write Dr. Jan Tillery or Dr. Guy Bailey, Units, processes, and constraints (C. Lucas) B; Code-switching in the speech of a Spanish-Portuguese bilingual child NWAVE Coordinators, UNLV College of Lib (S. Cyrino) C: Frequency effects in variable, lexical phonology (J. Myers and G. eral Arts, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box Guy) 4:00 A: Transcription Wars: Methodology as cross-disciplinary battle 455001, Las Vegas NV 89154-5001; fa x (702) ground (M, Luebs) 895-4097; e-mail [email protected]. B: Speech act theory within African American women's speech commu nity (D. Troutman) Thursday, Oct. 17—Workshops C: The grammatical! zation of gonna in six varieties of English: A cross- linguistic comparison (S. Poplack and S. Tagliamonte) 12:30-2:00 p.ra. (repented 2:30-4:00) Room A: Statistic* for Linguistics (Cynthia Homstcin und Robert Bernstein). Room B: Computer Cartography 4:25 A: Harnessing speaker intuition: Protocol analysis in sociolinguis for Linguists (Tom WikJe). Room C: Ethnographic Approaches to Fieldwork tic research (M. Shapiro) (Patricia Cukor-Avila and Guy Bailey). B: What’s in a complaint? (L. Hartley) 6:15 p.m. Plenary session: Alan Bell. C: Testing the perception of a “categorical" rule: 'Wanna’ experiment in syntax? (N. Nagy and K. Karins) Friday, Oct. 18—Concurrent sessions 4:50 A: Typologizing speech communities (O. Santa Ana and C. Parodi) B: On the narrative and authority functions of reported speech (D. 8:30 a.m. Room A: Social variation and ideological unity among white Vincent and L. Perrin) users of AAVE (M. Bucholtz) C: Syntactic variation in Old English legal sources (J. R. Schwyter) B: Linguistic cross-dressing: A mechanism in the transmission of change? (D. Baron) 5:15 A: A model of geolinguifltic diffusion in the analysis of sociolinguis tic innovations in the United Kingdom (J. M. Hernando?.-Campoy) C: The northern cities chain shift in your mind (D. Preston) B: What is real conversation? (M. Laforest and D. Vincent) 8:55 A: Yorktown crossing; A case study of the influence of “hip hop” culture on the speoch of a white middle-class teenager in New York City (C. C: Optimality and the syntax of lectal variation (R. Bhatt) Cutler) 7:00 p.m. Plenary session: Jean Aitchison. B: Code-switching in medieval and early modem English texts (H. Schendl) Saturday, Oct. 19—Concurrent sessions C: The northern cities shift in rural Michigan (R. Ito) 8:30 a.m. A: Situated cells: Inner-city youth identities, language use, 9:20 A: Is there an authentic African American speech community? and schooling (Y Kuwahara) Carla revisited (L. Jacobs-Huey) B: The politics of racism: Discursive strategies of appropriation (S. B: Turn-taking protocol variation in synchronous chat rooms on the Erlich) Internet (J. Staczek) C: The role of markedness in perception of variable patterns in sound C: Urban sound change beyond the cities: The spread of the northern change (K. Zubritskaya) cities chain shift (M. Gordon) D Adaptive socio-phone tic strategies and dialect: accommodation: /ay/ 9:45 A: Discussant (B. Rampton) ungliding in Cherokee English (B. Anderson) B: “Conversational” code-switching on usemet and Internet relay chat 8:55 A: How different are middle class speech communities? (K. Linnes) (J. Paolillo) B: PC or not PC? The recent history of “Politically Correct" (S. Erlich C: One of us says milk and the other says melk: Lax vowel lowering in and R. King) Canadian English (M. Meechan) C: The “communicative priority list" of obsolescent linguistic knowledge: 10:30 A: A phonetic analysis of vocalic and postvocalic /r/ in Southern The case of foreign speakers of Yiddish (G. Irvine) African American speakers (K. Pollack and M. Bemi) D: A majority sound change in a minority community: /u/ fronting in B: Conversational codeswitching by native Irish speakers; Interaction Chicano English (C. Fought) with social context and style (M. O'Malley) 9:20 A; Language and uses of identity (S. Lanehart) C: The acquisition of linguistic variation by Philadelphia children (S. B: Discrimination and linguistic stereotypes among Argentinian adoles Ash and J, Roberts) cents (A Coronel and C. Coronel) 10:55 A: /aeh/ raising among African-Americans in Lansing, MI (J. C A crossroads of function and grammar: An innovation in the potential Jones) construction in Japanese (K. Fukunhima) B Discourse evidentiality and codeswitching in three Atlantic Canada D: The lack of vowel reduction in Buffalo Puerto Rican English (T. Acadian communities (R. King and T. Nadasdi) McClive) C: The geography of variation: N vocalization in urban 9:45 A: Elicitation strategies for African-Amorican vernacular English; 11:20 A: The influence of ethnic boundaries of subject-verb concord A fieldwork experience in “Middletown" (X, Huang) analysis (K. Hazen) B: Empirical analysis of the metaphoric underpinnings of recent Califor B: If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it: Repairs in bilingual discourse (J Fuller) nian anti-immigrant political discourse (O. Santa Ana) C: Linguistic and social environments affecting the Southern vowel shift C: Pronouns are not freely dropped in Japanese (S. Uehara) (V Fridland and G. Alfarn*) D; Variation in the nativization of foreign [a] in English (C. Boberg) 11:45 A: Variation in the surface realizations of post-vocalic, pre-conso- 10:30 A: Question formation in Sam ana English (C. Debose) nantal N in the speech of African Americans in Detroit (W Edwards) B: Real mothers don’t have accents: Language ideology and stereotypi B: Codeawitching and compromise: Structural strategies when congru cal gender roles in Disney animated films (R. Lippi-Green) ence is missing (J. Jake and C. Myers-Scotton) C: Phonetic and lexical effects: Post-vocalic -s in Rio de Janeiro Portu C: Short/e/ in the American South: The distribution of [aei] (M. Berni) guese (M. Seherre and A. de Macedo) 2:00 p.m. A: Modeling contact-induced language change (N. Nagy) D: Sociolinguistic network theory and stylistic variation in 18th century B: One lexicon or two: A case study of three bilingual infants (S. Baum England (S. Wnght) and O. Rebollo) 10:55 A: Old patterns nnd new developments in the marking of verbal -s C: Variation as an interaction resource (L. Milroy) in the Liberian Settler English of Since (J. Singler) 2:25 A: Addressing the actuation questions for local linguistic communi B A discourse-pragmatic profile of periphrastic wh-questions in Spanish ties (L.A. Lane) (C. Lizardi-Rivera) B: “Paibu dollar! Paibu d o lla r ! ’’: Code-switching among Korean-English C: The general and the particular: Constraints on IsJ deletion in Argen bilingual school children in bilingual discourse (S. Schin) tine Spanish (G Guy) C: Lexical factors in phonological variation (I Dale) (Please turn to Page NADS 28.3 September 1996/21 MEETINGS Complete Program of NWAVE XXX (Cont.) D: Competition between derivational affixes and the question of the Sunday, Oct. 20—Concurrent sessions variable in morphological change (C, Cowie) 8:30 A: What makes a coinage successful: The survival and death of new 11:20 A: Copul ar variability in Gullah and the Creole origins hypothesis words (V. Boulanger) in AAVE (T. Weldon) B: On the role of the feature [+-human] in variable concordance (M. B: Out and about with Detroiters: Social factors and the perceptions of Scherre and A. Naro) sociolinguistic variables (N. Niedzielski) C: Variable lexical affinity in minority French (T. Nadasdi) C: Serial effect and functional compensation in Andalusian Spanish: Plural morpheme /-s/ and vowel raising (F, Varela-Garcia) D: Guarded pride: The social complexity and gender-grading of attitudes toward Jamaican Creole (A, Beckford) D: What’s wrong with my French? (P. Thibault and G. Sankoff) 8:55 A: Western words: The lexicon of Western North America (T. Clark) 11:45 A: The Creole origin of AAVE: How accountable is this hypothesis? (S. Mufwene) B: Gender agreement in Xingu Portuguese (A. Macedo and D. Lucchesi) B: Linguistic variation and housing discrimination (J. Baugh) C: Syntactic variation, parameters, and their social stratification (L. Comips) C: Temporal variables of speech in a situation of language contact and restriction (J. Tennant) D: Language gender and variation : Another look at the Caribbean (R. Blake) D: Variable lexicon in popular Spanish dialects (M, Garcia) 9:20 A: Convergence, divergence and the unexpected: -ate and -ator (B. 2:00 p.m. A: Creolization? Sociohistorical and textual evidence (J. Phillips) Rickford) B: Visible subjects and invisible clitics in Brazilian Portuguese (S. B: Ethnic identity and grammatical restructuring: Bes in Lumbee ver Cyrino, M. Duarte, and M. Kato) nacular English (C. Dan non Derg and W. Wolfram) C: The origins of thematic suffixes: The case of Tsez (R, Ramasan) C: Language change and variation in a South Asian community: The verbal morphology of Bannrsi Qhojpuri (S. Daa) D: Insights into the mesolect (P. Patrick) D: Pues as a discourse marker in Spanish everyday conversation (M. 9:45 A: Discretionary names (E. Callary) Serrano) B: Referential subjects in Eurpoean and Brazilian Portuguese (M. 2:25 A: The syntactic and discourse features of AAVE in new ex-slave Duarte) recordings (J. Brewer) C: The tha file: Comparing the development of futures and B: Accommodating and engendering identities: Pronoun selection as an counterfactuals in Early Modem Greek (P. Pappas) indicator of salient inlorgroup identities (M. MeyerhofD D: “Broke-down French?” Creole French status in African-American C: The many l’s of Thai: Gender differences in self-reference (R. communities in South Louisiana (S. Dubois and M. Melancon) Simpson) 10:30 A: The Linguistic Atlas Internet site (W. Kretzschmar) D: Maintaining the Spanish vernacular in the US: The case of native B: A case study in apparent time and real time: /r/ deletion in Brazilian language teachers (C. Lizardi-Rivera) Portuguese (Y. Leite and D. Callou) 2:50 A: One hundred years of TD-deletion in African American English C: From Amish to Mennonite: Language maintenance and language (P Patraick and H. Beall) death in a Pennsylvania German community (S. Keiser) B: The symbolization of islander identity: Sex- and gender- based varia D: Dialect contact, focusing and phonological “complexity” in British tion in Ocracoke English (N. Schilling-Estes and J. Schrider) English (D. Britain) C: Phonetic realization of final engma in Taipei Mandarin (F-D. Chiou) 10:55 A: The Chattahoochee River - A dialect boundary? (E. Schneider) D: Sociolinguistics and discourse: The use of the definite article in B: Variable phonological rules and first and second language use (M. Portuguese (D. Callou) Mollica) 3:15 A: Apparent time, real time, and overtime: Approaches to the C: When is a copula: strategies for expressing the copula in temporal dimension of language change (P. Cukor-Avila ana G. Bailey) interlanguagc (J. hangman) B: Symbolic identity and language change: /ay/ and /aw/ in two post- D: Sociolinguistic coherence of changes in a standard dialect (J. Cham insular island communities (N. Schilling-Estes and W. Wolfram) bers) C: The variable realizations of the diphthong /li/ in Seoul Korean: A 11:20 A: Findings and questions (E. Johnson) monophthongization change in progress (H-S. Kang) B: The functional nature of variation (M. Braga) D: The information status of NPs in overlapping talk (G. Alfaraz) C: One speaker, three languages: A study of Persian-Turkish- English 4:00 A: We might should look at whole discourse: A new. sociolinguistic trilingualism (R. Samar) grammar of the Southern American multiple modal (B. Harris) D: Sunbelt migration and the formation of an urban/rural dialect split in B: Functions of “just” in the WSCO Oral Narratives collection (B. Davis) Texas (E. Thomas) C: Radio broadcasts as a source for the study of language change (H. 11:45 A: The names of American English (L. Hartley and D, Preston) Van de Velde and R. van Hout) B: Findings and questions (E. Johnson) D: Languages in contact in the Caribbean: Is there linguistic transfer? C: Post-diglossia in Singapore (D. Xu and T. Mun) (B. Avila-Shah) D: Selective convergence and ethnic identities: Evidence from 3rd per 4:25 A: “If I would’ve known...”: Variation in counterfactual conditionals son -s in a Native American community (J. Miller) (K. Ferrara) B: *1 don't want to seem like stupid": The influence of gender and age on the use of lik e’ as a discourse marker (J. Dailey-O'Cain) Grammar at NOTE, November C: The dismantlement of a variable deletion process in a group of dialects of Dutch - and what it may lead to (F. Ilinskens) ADS-sponsored Session B.28 at the annual D: Subject expression in Yucatec Spanish: Accounting for similarities convention of the National Council of Teachers and differences in a contact variety (J. Solomon) 4:50 A: Language change as a projection of demographic change: of English, Nov. 21-26, Chicago Hilton and Martha’s Vineyard in Alabama (C. Feagin) B: Rising intonation as a discourse strategy in narrative (A. Palmer House Hilton. Kortenhoven) C: Intermediary (socio)linguistic status for Dutch/n/ deletion (H. Van de Grammar for English Teachers Velde and R. van Hout) 10:15-11:30 a.m. Friday, Nov. 22. D: “En terminado. , .”: Bilingual speakers and the use of the gerund in prepositional and adjectival clauses (A. Ramirez-Gelpi) Chair: Dennis Baron, Univ. of Illinois, 5:15 A: By + gerunds (V. Brown) B: Functions of so in the spoken discourse of Spanish bilinguals (L. Urbana. Speakers: Baron; Lynda Thomp Rodrigues) son, East Central Univ. (Oklahoma); Paul C: Variation in the behaviour of placeless segments in Dutch dialects (H Humbert) Prior, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana. D: Implications of the proficiency continuum in Quechua-Spanish bilin gual speakers: The verbal clitic system (L. Paredes) Write NCTE at 1111 Kenyon Road, Ur 7:00 p.m. Plenary session: William Labov bana, IL 61801; phone (217) 328-3870.
22 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 MEETINGS ADS at the Modern Language Association, December ADS-sponsored sessions at the annual conven become bilingual. Their bilingualism has also pro tion in of the Modern Language Association in gressed: while they initially spoke Portuguese only Washington, D.C. Dec. 27-30. to non-English speakers, Portuguese is now the more dominant language. Using a pre-determined MLA membership and registration are re base of Southern American English discourse fea quired to attend. Write MLA, 10 Astor Place, tures, I will travel to Brazil and extensively inter New York NY 10003-6981. Membership office view second and third generation Confederate emi (212) 614-6381, [email protected]; con grants. In addition, I will examine samples of writ ten correspondence for Southern discourse fea vention (212) 614-6372, [email protected]. tures, including forms of address, linguistic polite F irst S ession ness, evidential constructions, and conditional con • Sunday, Dec. 29, 10:15-11:30 a.m.; structions (Johnstone, 1995). I will conclude which Southern discourse features have been retained Woodley, Sheraton Washington. “:) When You and which have been lost or changed in Americana. Say That: Usage Standards for Electronic Communication.” Chair: Dennis Baron, U. 2. Marianne Cooley, Univ. of Houston- of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. University Park. Literary Dialect in The 1. John Staczek, Georgetown Univ. D is Y o r k e r ’s Stratagem. course Communities on the World Wide This American play, performed in New York and Philadelphia in 1792, includes extensive use of Web: Innovation in Communication literary representations of 18th-century American Styles. English, incorporating New England Yankee 2. Gail Hawisher, Univ. o f Illin ois, speech, French-accented English, and Jamaican Champaign-Urbana. Women and Web Creole, which is related to other early representa Talk: Making Ourselves Heard. tions of African-American English. Its analysis 3. suggests that the author possessed keen powers of Dennis Baron. The Language Police observation of linguistic form and language use. on the W orld W ide Web: L inguistic C or The play provides three kinds of evidence about rectness and the Urbanizing of the Elec language variation: 1) respellings, grammar, and tronic Frontier. diction, which constitute partial descriptions of the One result of the “democratization” of the varieties, even if literary; 2) code-switching; and 3) Internet, the urbanizing of the electronic frontier, language attitudes expressed by characters and has been an increased concern with conventional their behavior. ity and linguistic correctness in e-communications. 3. Marvin Ching, Univ. of Memphis. R ude Errors in spelling or usage, once considered a badge of honor, now produce flames. Language ness and Politeness at a Court Trial: Two gatekeepers even argue over the correct spelling of Faces of the Same Coin. email (E-mail, e-mail), and whether or not it can Analysis of the 640-page transcript of a murder function as a verb or a count noun. trial in Memphis, Tenn. shows the mutual connec tion between rudeness and politeness and also the S econ d S ession integral relation between power and solidarity. • Monday, Dec. 30, 12:00 noon-1:15 p.m.; The judge, in particular—in taking the multiple Lanai Suite 156, Sheraton Washington. “Lan identities of 1) friend and host to jurors, 2) authori guage, Literature, and the Law.” Chair: Will tative arbiter in rulings, and 3) teacher or profes sor—shows codeswitching to maintain these differ iam A. Kretzschmar, Jr., Univ. of Georgia. ent roles. He wins the jurors’ confidence because of 1. Lora Schwenk, Auburn U. The L oss of meeting their face wants so that he wins their Southern Dialect in Americana, Brazil. compliance. He emphasizes a common ground of The communities of ex-Confederates who emi fairness by the strict adherence to rules of the law grated from the United States to Brazil after their and thus gains compliance and solidarity. In his defeat in the Civil War have allegedly retained the more formal pedagogical explanations of a legal Southern dialect spoken over a century ago. How term, he is paradoxically showing closeness by ever, as the ex-Confederates have become more meeting the needs of the jurors and thus gains appropriated into the Brazilian lifestyle, they have positive politeness. NADS 28.3 September 1996 / 23 MEETINGS REGIONAL MEETINGS. FALL 1996 Rocky Mountain Region cantly from those of the textbook, or Charles In association with RMMLA, Oct. 24-26; Albu ton, dialect and noticeably from Black En querque, New Mexico; Sheraton Old Town. glish Vernacular. 3:15 p.m. Friday, Oct. 25, Turquoise Room. 3. “It Is a Bird to Some Degree: Hedges in 1. “Two Vocabulary Patterns in the Lan Male and F e m a le ’s Judgment on Birdness.” guage of Alternative Medicine.” William F. Yili Shi, Ball State Univ.—According to King, Univ. of Arizona.—The vocabulary of Lakoff (1972), “natural language sentences alternative medicine consistently differs from will very often be neither true, nor false, nor that of conventional medicine in reliance on nonsensical, but rather true to a certain ex new jargon and the use of terms dealing with tent and false in other respects.” P e o p le ’s purity and impurity. The latter is a common judgment about members of a category will semantic denominator linking most of the reflect such “fuzziness.” This study investi non-traditional therapies, from colonic irriga gates the role of fuzziness and hedges in male tion, or fast, to high dosage vitamin and min and female informants’ rank ordering of 15 eral supplement regimens. Two general se birds in relation to being birdlike and being mantic fields are established. One is charac beautiful. The gender groups give attention to terized by negative vocabulary indicating im different criteria. For example, females con purity, pollution, dirt, excrement, or bad sider the small and cute size of a bird as being thoughts. The opposite group comprises more birdlike, while males consider the power words such as purify, cleanse, eradicate, and big size of a bird as being more birdlike. eliminate, dispel, rebirth. Such vocabulary as This difference is particularly obvious in their sociates alternative medicine with spiritual judgment on the eagle: Males ranked it 0.92 well being, as opposed to making the distinc on a scale of 0 to 1; females ranked it 0.72. tion between scientific and religious/spiritual 4. “Preliminary Results of a Dialect Survey beliefs characteristic of mainstream Western of Utah.” Diane Lillie, Brigham Young medicine. This is often emphasized by unsci Univ.—My m a ste r ’s thesis, a Dialect Survey entific anecdotal evidence using vocabulary of Utah, will investigate several questions: with implicit or explicit religious connotations What assumptions do Utahns have about of possibility, i.e. am azing or miraculous. their language? Are those assumptions valid? 2. “Difference between Traditional South Is there an English dialect characteristic of ern Dialect and ‘Redneck.’ ” M ary Utah? Are there multiple Utah dialects? Morzinski, Berry Coll.—If textbook defini Where are the boundaries of a Utah dialect or tions of Southern dialect such as promulgated dialects? What are the characteristic features by Kurath and Labov are reassessed with which differentiate Utah dialects from other more regard for differences due to social class, American English dialects? A questionnaire two separate dialects emerge. K u ra th ’s early designed this summer will be used by field studies identify, for the most part, the upper- researchers throughout Utah to provide class Southern dialect usually perceived as baseline data about the linguistic geography being centered around Charleston, S.C. But of the state. By October, I will be able to the features described as Southern in these summarize the findings on several phonologi studies are rarely, if ever, heard among cal and lexical aspects of Utah speech. For speakers of the “redneck” dialect, who are example, I will provide data on the loss of the perceived as lower-class whites with some tense/lax distinction in vowels preceding /11, years of secondary schooling. Its lexical, syn as well as on the merger of / / and / /. tactic and phonological features differ signifi (Continued on next page) 2 4 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 REGIONAL MEETINGS
Rocky Mountain Region B. Martin, Dept, of English, Univ. of North (Continued from Page 24) Texas, P.O. Box 13827, Denton TX 76203- 5. “American Indian Transfers.” Grant W.3827; phone (817) 565-2149. Smith, Eastern Washington Univ.—“Indian” Registration is $35 in advance, $40 on site. place names of North America reflect a very Write Katherine E. Kelly, Executive Director, fresh historical record of the overlay and in SCMLA, Dept, of English, Texas A&M Univ., teraction between English and the indigenous College Station TX 77843-4227; phone (409) languages. In this paper I shall describe, and 845-7041; [email protected]. elaborate with examples, seven types (and Future meetings: 1997 Oct. 30-Nov. 1 Dal several subtypes) of “Indian” place names to las, Downtown Harvey Hotel; 1998 New Or illustrate mechanisms of borrowing and ab leans; 1999 Memphis. sorption. Examples will be drawn primarily from the Northwest. Midwest Region Chair: Xiaozhao Huang, Dept, of English, In association with MMLA, Nov. 7-9; Minneapo Univ. of North Dakota. lis Marriot City Center. ADS Regional Secretary 1995-96: G rant 12:30-2:00 p.m. Thursday, Nov. 7, Elk W. Smith, English Dept., Eastern Washing Lake Room, fourth floor. ton Univ., C h eney WA 99004; e-mail 1. “Urban Sound Change Meets Small- [email protected]. Town America: The Diffusion of the Northern Registration is $48 by Oct. 14, $60 later, Cities Chain Shift.” Matthew Gordon, Lin including reception, banquet and party. guistics, Univ. of Michigan. RMMLA Membership is $25, students $15. 2. “Pulling Time in America: A Compara Write Executive Director Charles G. Davis, C- tive Study of Prison Argot.” T h o m a s 203, Boise State Univ., 1910 University Dr., Beckner, Linguistics, Taylor Univ. Boise ID 83725; [email protected]; 3. “Continuing Change in Dialect Vocabu (208) 385-1199 o r (800) 824-7017, ext. 1199. lary.” Alvin L. Gregg, English, Wichita State Future meeting: 1997 Denver. Univ. South Central Region 4. “Who The Bell Tolls For.” B ren d a In association with SCMLA, Oct. 31-Nov. 2; Stelle, Indiana U ./Purdue U.-Fort Wayne. San Antonio, St. Anthony’s Hotel. Discussant for session: Anna Fellegy, En 10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 2, glish, Univ. of Minnesota. Austin Room. Chair and ADS Regional Secretary 1995- 1. “ ‘Mais, I doan write dat anglish too good 96: Beth Lee Simon, C M 109, Dept, of En n o ’: Cajun Vernacular English and the Effects glish and Linguistics, IPFW, Fort Wayne, IN of Vernacular on Standard Writing.” Deary 46805; phone (219) 424-8834; e-mail Cheramie, Nicholls State Univ. [email protected]. 2. “Audience and Dialect in the Writings of. Registration by Oct. 31 is $30 (includes 18 Somerville and Ross.” Nicole P. Greene, papers), for students $15 (no papers); on-site Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana. $35 and $20. Write MMLA, 302 English-Phi- 3. “Spanglish in the Caribbean: An Exami losophy Bldg., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City IA nation of the Spanish Influence on Christian 52242-1408; phone (319) 335-0331. Songs in Trinidad.” Manuela Gonzalez- Future meetings: 1997 Nov. 6-8 Chicago, Bueno, Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana. Ramada Congress Hotel; 1998 Nov. 5-7 St. Chair: Elsa P. Rogers, Modern Lan Louis, Regal Riverfront Hotel; 1999 Nov. 4—6 guages, Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana. Minneapolis, Marriott City Center. ADS Regional Secretary 1996-97: C h arles (For SAMLA please turn to Page 26) NADS 28.3 September 1996 / 25 REGIONAL MEETINGS / BOOKS South Atlantic Regional Meeting In association with SAMLA, Nov. 8-10; Savan ADS Regional Secretary 1996: N atalie nah, Georgia, Marriott Riverfront Hotel. Maynor, English Dept., Mississippi State 9:45-11:20 a.m. Sunday, Nov. 10, Board- Univ., Drawer E, M ississippi State MS 39762; room A. e-mail [email protected]. (Nominee for 1. “The Sociolinguistic Situation in the 1997-98: Michael Picone, U. of Alabama.) Danish West Indies from 1690 to the early Nominating Committee: Walt Wolfram, 1900s.” Robin Sabino, Auburn Univ., and chair; Crawford Feagin, Connie Eble. Anne-Katrin Gramberg, Auburn Univ. Preregistration by Oct. 16 is $30, students 2. “The Disappearance of On-glided /u/ in $20. Membership in SAMLA is $20 for indi Southern States English.” C r a w fo r d viduals, $10 for students. Write SAMLA, Feagin, Georgetown Univ. Georgia State Univ., University Plaza, At 3. “Nonconcord ‘Am’ in African American lanta GA 30303-3083; phone (404) 651-2693; English Revisited.” Jeutonne P. Brewer, e-mail [email protected]. Univ. of North Carolina at Greensboro. Future meetings: 1997 Nov. 13-15 Atlanta, 4. “The Midland-Southern Dialect Bound Westin Peachtree Plaza (Natalie Schilling- ary: Evidence from LANCS.” Terry Lynn Estes, ADS chair); 1998 Nov. 12-14 Atlanta, Irons, Morehead State Univ. Hyatt Regency; 1999 Nov. 11-13 Atlanta, Chair: Peter Patrick, Georgetown Univ. Hyatt Regency. Unmentionable, Devils, Japanese, and the South: New Books I f you have recently published a book, send Verlag, 1996. xiv + 257 pages. Entries for pertinent information to Executive Secretary 1425 English words and multiword lexical Allan Metcalf (address on cover), and w e’ll units borrowed from the Japanese, directly or mention it here. indirectly. Nontechnical analytical essays Reinhold Aman. “I have just published a treat the forty semantic fields and analyze the new dictionary, but I w o n ’t bother to have it data phonologically and grammatically. ISBN announced to ADS members, for two reasons: 3-447-03764-4. 1. Not one of your ADSers has ever ordered Ellen Johnson. Lexical Change and M aledicta; 2. I’m sure y o u ’ll consider it again Variation in the Southeastern United States, ‘truly offensive,’ as you did Maledicta 11” (in 1930-1990. Tuscaloosa: Univ. of Alabama the January 1996 newsletter). Y ou ’ll have to Press, 1996. 376 pages. Paper $19.95 plus $4 inquire of him at PO Box 14123, Santa Rosa postage. Discusses words used in the South CA 95402-6123. east, how they have changed during the 20th L eonard R.N. Ashley. The Complete Book century, and how they vary according to the of Devils and Demons. 256 pages. $12.95 pa s p e a k e r ’s age, race, education, sex, and place per, $22.95 cloth. ISBN 1-56980-077-4 (pa of residence (urban versus rural; coastal ver per), 1-56980-080-4 (cloth). sus piedmont versus mountain). Data col L eonard R.N. Ashley. The Complete Book lected in the 1930s as part of the Linguistic o f Magic and Witchcraft. 272 pages. $12.95 Atlas of the Middle and South Atlantic States paper. ISBN 1-56980-049-9. were compared with data collected in 1990 L eonard R.N. Ashley. The Complete Book from similar speakers in the same communi of Superstition, Prophecy and Luck. 192 ties. Although region was the most important pages. $12.95 paper. ISBN 1-56980-050-2. factor in differentiating dialects in the 1930s, Garland Cannon. The Japanese Contri it is the least important now; age, education, butions to the English Language: An Histori and race all show about the same influence. cal Dictionary. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz ISBN 0-8173-0794-X. 26/NADS 28.3 September 1996 DARE QUERIES Help DARE Mind Its P’s and Q’s for Volume IV DARE Volume III, I through O, is due to be passin g the ring/scissors—Said (ME inf) published in November (see Page 28) and we to be a game much like button-button, in are well on with Volume IV, which should which “scissors are passed and legs are contain PQR and part of S. There will ulti crossed” (FL inf). Any further examples or mately be a Supplement, so contributions to information? any letter of the alphabet are welcome. Send p ig beans—Butter beans: large, flat, yel them to Prof. F. G. Cassidy, DARE, 6125 low, not in pods. Reported once only: Pacific Helen C. White Hall, 600 N. Park St., Madi Northwest, cl955. Does anyone know this? son, WI 53706. Our fax number is (608) 263- And why p ig ? 3709; e-mail [email protected]. p i g ’s ears—Is this a type of pastry? We pack out—We have two quots from the refer to it from cochino in DARE Vol. I: a Northwest. Meaning “ta k e o u t”: food prepared Mexican pastry shaped like a pig, like ginger at a restaurant to be eaten off the premises. Is bread. We need more information. A recipe? this known elsewhere? qu aigle—The queasy or sinking-in-the- paddy bed—A pallet. Reported 1968 from stomach feeling from the motion of a vehicle Loretto, PA. Is this known elsewhere? Any passing rapidly over a rise-and-fall in the ethnic associations? road surface. Said to be current in WI, IA, p a d o g ie —A triangular dumpling filled nIL. Reported 1979. Is it known elsewhere? with mashed potato mixed with cheese. Re qualify—A verb meaning to change the ported from PA and WI. Is it generally known quality of a liquid in some way—e.g., to put elsewhere? A variant of pirogi? cream into coffee, water into wine, etc. An old pahute weed —A sea blite: Suaeda sense—is it still current? depressa, CA and Pacific NW. How pro quarter—As in quarter lunch (reported nounced—which syllable stressed? Any con from cnAK) taken during the work period, nection with the Paiute Indians? and quartering time (from IL) when such a pank—To pack down snow or earth with a lunch is taken. We need more on this—is it a shovel. Well known in Upper Peninsula of MI; kind of “bre a k ”? Where and when taken? also PA, nNY. Anywhere else? Any ideas quarter to nine—Meaning “very close,” about the etymology? as the hands of a clock are when showing that pan d o ce —Portuguese pao doce, sweet time. How current is this? In what context? bread. Current in HI—where else known? Quebec choker —Apparently a How pronounced in English? lum berm en’s term for a tool. How did it work pan plow —Our only quot is from an old to explain the name? Where and when? Lecompte, LA, farmer who says i t ’s a former quern—A stone hand-mill. Is this only a name for a turning plow. Is or was it known book word or are querns still in actual use elsewhere? Why pan ? anywhere and known by that name? panther tongue —A squealing device quickstarts—A type of sneakers. Re made by children. One report: Lexington, VA, ported once, 1971, from wMT. Where else is from an old white farmer: You blow into it and this term in use? What explains the name? it makes “an awful panthery racket.” Is this quiddle—From New England, “To busy known elsewhere? How is it made? oneself with unimportant things.” From CT pan w eed —Reported once from OR, 1967: specifically, “To give a piece of information or “A wild weed that grows among alfalfa; gets news too soon.” These meanings, reported in milk of cows.” Can anyone identity this? separately, can hardly be reconciled. More, Where else is it known? please, if you know the word.
NADS 28.3 September 1996/27 ( DARE One, Two, Three! DARE Is Here Again Yes, Volume III (I-O) of our great Dictio 1. idiot stick j a. stilts nary of American Regional English is indeed 2. inchworm w b. harvest festival on its way, scheduled for mid-November. 3. infare days q c. catalpa bean (For a preview of Volume IV, turn to p. 27.) 4. johnny walkers a Volume III (and its older siblings) will be d. cut into pieces 5.jugarum k e. bell pepper on display at the Bring-Your-Own-Book re 6. Juneteenth r ception at this y ea r’s ADS Annual Meeting in f. report 7. junk d Chicago, but you d on ’t have to wait that long g. snack bar 8. kermiss b h. unusual to hold it in your arms. Below is a coupon with 9. king’s ex 1 all you need to know to order Volume III for i. Spanish moss 10. kram s j. shovel yourself—-and the previous volumes, if you 11. kensington y k. bullfrog don ’t yet have them. 12. lady cigar c 1. time-out Are ADS members getting smarter? When 13. lanai t m. go into hiding we had a contest to identify Volume II words 14. larrup u n. press hard five years ago, nobody got them all. But this 15. lay up m o. inquisitive person time, out of 27 entries for the Volume III quiz 16. mango e p. sandstorm in our May issue, five were perfect: from 17. mash n q. honeymoon Brad Grissom, Fritz Juengling, 18. maypop v r. emancipation day Jonathan Lighter, Dale Coye and Ron 19. mulligrubs x s. junky stuff Arruda. The first three arrived the same day, 20. norate f t. porch so a drawing was held and Juengling declared 21. neb-nose o u. thrash winner of the prize copy of Volume III. 22. night prowler z v. passion flower For those who needed help, the answers 23. noshery g w. looper are given at right. 24. off-brand h x. unwellness In August, DARE was given $5,000 from 25. Oklahoma rain p y. sewing club the B.F. Goodrich Co. Foundation. This 26. old m an’s beard i z. earthworm evoked personal ties from long ago: Cassidy worked at Goodrich in 1924, and H a ll’s father Everybody can be a winner—at least a 20 was working there when she was born. percent winner—with the coupon below. I------1 VALUABLE COUPON 20% OFF list price of the brand new Dictionary of American Regional English , Volume in and Volumes I and I I ! List price $75; with this coupon, $60 each. Add $4.50 to your order for shipping. ___Volume I [A-C], ISBN 0-674 20511-1 ___Volume II [D-H], ISBN 0-674-20512-X ___Volum e III [I-O], ISBN 0-674-20519-7 Mail with your order to: Sales Dept., Attn: M. Casali, Harvard University Press, 79 Garden St., Cambridge MA 02138-9983. Enclose your check, or charge to Visa, MasterCard, or American Express. Or fa x this coupon, Attn.: M. Casali, to (800) 962- 4983 o r (617) 495-8924. O r telephone (800) 448-2242 o r (617) 495-2480. Please mention: Promotion code 22-100 Coupon valid through June 30,1997 I______J 28 /NADS 28.3 September 1996 ADS Teaching Newsletter OOP Sept. 1996
Call for Submissions dialect awareness program as part of some other The ADS Teaching Newsletter invites you, lesson, or the composition teacher may choose your colleagues, and your students to submit to design an entire lesson around a language book reviews, short articles on pedagogy, topic—such as correct English, the English-only / notes on teaching ideas, and related materials. movement, or dialect discrimination—including If you or a colleague has (or might be in the lesson a paper assignment on the topic. persuaded to compose) an item for the Dialect awareness programs provide an newsletter, please contact Alan D. Manning, intriguing subject on which students can hone Dept, of Linguistics, Brigham Young their analytical skills while focusing their University, Provo, UT 84602. E-mail: attention on language itself. alan_manning @ byu.edu As a dialectologist and a composition teacher, I teach an entire lesson on dialects and correct English, giving a dialect awareness Dialects and The Composition program which portrays dialects as natural, Classroom patterned, and legitimate parts of people's lives. Kirk Hazen, Department of English Two underlying assumptions in dialectology of North Carolina State University which students are often not aware—that speaking and writing differ in form and that A valuable site for teaching about dialects is prescriptive and descriptive grammars differ in available and often underused at most goals-need to be fully explained. universities, the composition classroom. Especially by establishing the notion of Composition teachers look to employ programs descriptive grammar, students can develop and material which are detailed and provoking; notions of legitimate dialect patterns. The debates on dialects and correct English meet dialect features I illustrate are those of both criteria. College composition classes Appalachian English, African-American provide an ideal forum for discussing dialects Vernacular English, and Southern English. and getting out the word about their legitimacy Specifically working from the dialect awareness and use in American society. programs designed by Walt Wolfram (1996), the Dialect study can be incorporated into class investigates the patterns of a-prefixing, the composition classroom in one of two ways. habitual be, and the merger between III and l e i The local dialectologist can give a one-day before nasals, by comparing descriptively Sept 1996 ADS TEACHING NEWSLETTER 5.1 page 2
grammatical and ungrammatical sentences. For the people who speak them, and not on the the a-prefixing pattern, we analyze three sets of intrinsic, linguistic qualities of the dialect itself. data, each designed to show one aspect of the a. They be tired all the time. b. *They be tired right now. requirements for a-prefixing: an a-prefix may only be attached to 1) a verb with 2) no For the Southern vowel merger, the students are preceding preposition and 3) with stress only on presented with two sets o f data, one in which the first syllable. Most students find this dialect the vowels would be merged and one in which feature to be a mark of ignorance or quaintness the vowels would not be merged. I either play a before conducting this exercise, but they usually tape of a Southern speaker reading each list, or change their views after perceiving a regular rule preferably I have a Southern student from the in the data. I give examples of descriptively class read the list. The students then observe in grammatical and ungrammatical (*) sentence which list the vowels are pronounced the same pairs like those below. (A) and in which they are pronounced differently (B). They analyze the data and LIST A: a. *a-Buildin’ is hard work. determine the controlling factor in the pattern, h. She was a-buildin’ a house. LIST B: a. *They make money by a-buildin’ houses. the following nasal. We formulate a descriptive b. They make money a-buildin’ houses. rule and call it the Southern vowel rule. We LIST C: a. *She was a-discoverin’ a trail, then test the rule on a third set of data where b. She was a-followin’ a trail. some of the pairs of words will demonstrate For habitual be, much the same format is merger and some will not. given. Students investigate one set of data which contrasts habitual versus nonhabitual LIST A: 1. tin and ten activities and they look for the pattern in the 2. kin and Ken LIST B: 1. lit and let descriptively grammatical sentences. Although 2. pick and peck they understand the pattern, most students, both European-American and African-American LIST C: Same or Different? 1. bit and bet alike, struggle more to perceive this feature as 2. bin and Ben legitimate than the others. Their persisting Having established the legitimacy of all disbelief offers the dialectologist an opportunity dialects, the students then take up the question to demonstrate the ranking of American dialects o f whether correct English exists and what the on a scale as determined by the social status of Sept 1996 ADS TEACHING NEWSLETTER 5.1 page 3
relation between correct English and dialects rhetorically appropriate dialect, appears to be might be. By considering this one question, quite widespread among first year college they are prompted to consider prescriptivism, students. the social structures that enforce prescriptive Their research and class discussion on values, the social aspects o f dialects, and the dialects and correct English culminate in a five methods by which they themselves are evaluated page paper where they argue about what roles in their classes and in their profession. The two dialects and correct English should play in their most common relationships between correct lives. The desired goal of this paper is to English and dialects suggested are 1) correct engage students in the rigorous analytical task of English as a basis for all dialects and 2) correct understanding the nature o f dialects and English as the most efficient form. O f course prescriptivism. the students’ definitions o f correct English must For the assignment, I give general guides first be questioned. but allow the students to creatively organize and Perhaps the student conceives of correct choose their argument. I present the issue of English in the traditional sense as a set of correct English and dialects as a debate and prescribed forms, but for the first relationship assign readings from different positions— the student may also conceive of the term including the first two chapters o f Wolfram "correct English" as denoting the set of all (1991) and "Why G ood English is G ood for features common to all dialects (e.g. a rule of You" by John Simon (1990). I have them this kind of correct English would be "Do not decide which position they want to argue and arrange two prepositions contiguously": She's assure them I will make no grading decision in at the store). For the second relationship, based on their position. I then have them correct English may have a rhetorical sense; the freewrite in order to dredge up their beliefs best dialect would be the most appropriate for about dialects so they can deal with the readings the audience. consciously and honestly. Besides the readings, Thus, a politician speaking to a group of they may include their own dialect encounters as North Carolina tobacco farmers would be better support. off speaking their local dialect and a different I ask them for several drafts since both but equally appropriate dialect with a group of the subject matter and the assignment are Wall Street investment bankers. This second challenging. The problems students often concept of correct English, as the most produce reflects the complexity of the Sept 1996 ADS TEACHING NEWSLETTER 5.1 page 4
assignment: the rate of sentence fragments rises from outside my area because I knew they thought I was (students are focused on ideas instead of just stupid because of the way I talked. Now I don't feel that sentences) and many students cannot focus on bad about the way I talk. one argument. They also produce titles such as the following: “Standard Spoken English: Myth Generally, the students retain a heightened or Reality?”, “Ain't You Learned Correct awareness about dialects and appreciate their English?”, “Dialect: To Be Good English or new perspective on a topic, grammar and Not to Be?.” language, that had previously been beaten into In these papers, students usually take up their heads. one of three claims. The first claim is that With dialect study incorporated into the correct English should be used by all people at college composition classroom, the teachers can all times. This claim may not necessarily be benefit from an assignment and lesson packed what students believe but most often is the with research goals, relevant for the students, position that students believe is easiest to providing analytical challenges, and several defend; it is a dogmatic, categorical position debatable topics. Dialectology benefits in which the students have often heard from general from students' and teachers' heightened teachers and parents. The second claim is that awareness o f the role of dialects. A dialect dialects are natural and legitimate and need to be lesson in a college composition course can bring accepted by everyone. The third claim is what to the students topics which they find current students view as a middle-ground between the and which the students can then transform into first two claims, that prescriptive English should papers by analyzing an integral part of their be used for formal writing and speaking but that lives, language. dialects should be used rhetorically for all other circumstances. References From the assignment I receive a variety Wolfram, Walt. 1991. Dialects and American English. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. of comments, most often Wolfram, Walt. 1996. Dialect awareness and language study. I had never thought about their dialect [Appalachian or In Students as Ethnographers. Hampton Press. African-American] as anything but wrong. / didn't Simon, John. 1992. Why good English is good for you. In realize it had rules. William Vesterman, ed. Discovering Language. and Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. I always felt so embarrassed when I spoke to anyone