Fronteer Wind Farm, Eastern Cape Province Basic Assessment Report March 2021
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Eastern Cape
Eastern Cape Introduction South Africa’s ‘wild’ province, the Eastern Cape features expanses of untouched beach, bush and forest. This is Nelson Mandela’s home province, and an area with some enticing attractions – pristine beaches, abundant wildlife and spectacular scenery. Top attractions Addo Elephant National Park This is one of the few reserves in the world that offers the Big Seven – elephant, rhino, buffalo, lion, leopard, great white sharks and southern right whales. The 164 000ha park, which is situated near Port Elizabeth, is rated as one of the best places in Africa to see elephants up close. It also has the world’s largest breeding colony of Cape gannets, rare flightless dung beetles, 1 000-year-old cycads, and hundreds of pastel-coloured proteas. Cambedoo National Park This stunningly beautiful reserve falls within the Karoo and is home to rare plants and wildlife. It almost completely surrounds the town of Graaff-Reinet, the oldest town in the Eastern Cape. Its most famous attraction, however, is the Valley of Desolation, made up of spectacular dolerite pillars. Prehistoric fossils have been discovered on the floor of the valley. There are plenty of animals to be found, including the bat-eared fox, meerkat, vervet monkeys and Cape mountain zebra. Baviaanskloof wilderness area The Baviaanskloof mega-reserve is a natural, unspoilt mountain kingdom. The 200km-long Baviaanskloof, the Valley of the Baboons, is so named because of the large numbers of baboons in the area. Spectacular plant and animal life compete for attention. Tsitsikamma National Park This park forms part of the Garden Route National Park. -
A Classification of the Subtropical Transitional Thicket in the Eastern Cape, Based on Syntaxonomic and Structural Attributes
S. Afr. J. Bot., 1987, 53(5): 329 - 340 329 A classification of the subtropical transitional thicket in the eastern Cape, based on syntaxonomic and structural attributes D.A. Everard Department of Plant Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140 Republic of South Africa Accepted 11 June 1987 Subtropical transitional thicket, traditionally known as valley bushveld, covers a significant proportion of the eastern Cape. This paper attempts to classify the subtropical transitional thicket into syntaxonomic and structural units and relate it to other thicket types on a continental basis. Twelve sites along a rainfall gradient were sampled for floristic and structural attributes. The floristic data were classified using TWINSPAN. Results indicate that the class subtropical transitional thicket has at least two orders of vegetation, namely kaffrarian thicket and kaffrarian succulent thicket. Two forms of thicket were recognized for both these orders viz. mesic kaffrarian thicket and xeric kaffrarian thicket for the kaffrarian thicket and mesic succulent thicket and xeric succulent thicket for the kaffrarian succulent thicket. Ordination of site data by DECORANA grouped sites according to these vegetation categories and in a sequence along axis 1 to which the rainfall gradient can be clearly related. Variation within the mesic kaffrarian thicket was however greater than between some of the other thicket types, indicating that more data are required before these forms of thicket can be formalized. Composition, endemism, diversity and the environmental controls on the distribution of the thicket types are discussed. 'n Aansienlike gedeelte van die Oos-Kaap word beslaan deur subtropiese oorgangsruigte, wat tradisioneel as valleibosveld bekend is. Hierdie studie is 'n poging om subtropiese oorgangsruigte in sintaksonomiese en strukturele eenhede te klassifiseer en dit op 'n kontinentale basis in verband met ander ruigtetipes te bring. -
The Third War of Dispossession and Resistance in the Cape of Good Hope Colony, 1799–1803
54 “THE WAR TOOK ITS ORIGINS IN A MISTAKE”: THE THIRD WAR OF DISPOSSESSION AND RESISTANCE IN THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE COLONY, 1799–1803 Denver Webb, University of Fort Hare1 Abstract The early colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland, such as the 1799–1803 war, have not received as much attention from military historians as the later wars. This is unexpected since this lengthy conflict was the first time the British army fought indigenous people in southern Africa. This article revisits the 1799–1803 war, examines the surprisingly fluid and convoluted alignments of participants on either side, and analyses how the British became embroiled in a conflict for which they were unprepared and for which they had little appetite. It explores the micro narrative of why the British shifted from military action against rebellious Boers to fighting the Khoikhoi and Xhosa. It argues that in 1799, the British stumbled into war through a miscalculation – a mistake which was to have far-reaching consequences on the Cape’s eastern frontier and in western Xhosaland for over a century. Introduction The eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonial wars on the Cape Colony’s eastern borderlands and western Xhosaland (emaXhoseni) have received considerable attention from historians. For reasons mostly relating to the availability of source material, the later wars are better known than the earlier ones. Thus the War of Hintsa (1834–35), the War of the Axe (1846–47), the War of Mlanjeni (1850–53) and the War of Ngcayecibi (1877–78) have received far more coverage by contemporaries and subsequently by historians than the eighteenth-century conflicts.2 The first detailed examination of Scientia Militaria, South African the 1799–1803 conflict, commonly known as Journal of Military Studies, Vol the Third Frontier War or third Cape–Xhosa 42, Nr 2, 2014, pp. -
KWANDWE PRIVATE GAME RESERVE Set Within 54 000 Acres of Private Wilderness in the Eastern Cape, Connect with Genuine Safaris Founded on Conservation
GENERAL INFORMATION KWANDWE PRIVATE GAME RESERVE Set within 54 000 acres of private wilderness in the Eastern Cape, connect with genuine safaris founded on conservation. Along the banks of the Great Fish River, our two exquisite lodges and three private villas are set. The vast landscape is an untamed backdrop to days exploring the meandering valleys and wildlife-rich hillsides. HIGHLIGHTS With a long-standing history of conservation in action, Kwandwe Private Game Reserve has an abundant array of game, including the Big 5, and birdlife which call these vast plains home. A sanctuary for numerous threatened and endangered species A breeding refuge for the national bird of South Africa, the Blue Crane. With one of South Africa's highest land to guest ratios, Kwandwe Private Game Reserve is a natural playground in the malaria-free Eastern Cape of South Africa. For a truly authentic experience, guided walks, specialist and conservation focused safaris create space to immerse within the wild entirely. Synonymous with elegant and truly connected safaris. 30 km/ 19 miles of privately-owned Great Fish River frontage is home our two exquisite lodges, Ecca Lodge and Great Fish River Lodge, and three private villas, Fort House, Melton Manor and Uplands Homestead. Kwandwe’s wildlife projects and partnerships are now contributing to the redistribution of game to areas where wildlife has been under pressure. Working through our social development partner, the Ubunye Foundation, Kwandwe invests in projects that improve the lives and creates sustainable -
Strategic Military Colonisation: the Cape Eastern Frontier 1806 – 1872
46 STRATEGIC MILITARY COLONISATION: THE CAPE EASTERN FRONTIER 1806–1872 Linda Robson* and Mark Oranje† Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Pretoria Abstract The Cape Eastern Frontier of South Africa offers a fascinating insight into British military strategy as well as colonial development. The Eastern Frontier was for over 100 years a very turbulent frontier. It was the area where the four main population groups (the Dutch, the British, the Xhosa and the Khoikhoi) met, and in many respects, key decisions taken on this frontier were seminal in the shaping of South Africa. This article seeks to analyse this frontier in a spatial manner, to analyse how British settlement patterns on the ground were influenced by strategy and policy. The time frame of the study reflects the truly imperial colonial era, from the second British occupation of the Cape colony in 1806 until representative self- governance of the Cape colony in 1872. Introduction British colonial expansion into the Eastern Cape of Southern Africa offers a unique insight into the British method of colonisation, land acquisition and consolidation. This article seeks to analyse the British imperial approach to settlement on a turbulent frontier. The spatial development pattern is discussed in order to understand the defensive approach of the British during the period 1806 to 1872 better. Scientia Militaria, South African South Africa began as a refuelling Journal of Military Studies, station for the Dutch East India Company on Vol 40, Nr 2, 2012, pp. 46-71. the lucrative Indian trade route. However, doi: 10.5787/40-2-996 military campaigns in Europe played * Linda Robson is a PhD student in the Department of Town and Regional Planning at the University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. -
Provincial Gazette Igazethi Yephondo Provinsiale Koerant
PROVINCE OF THE EASTERN CAPE IPHONDO LEMPUMA KOLONI PROVINSIE VAN DIE OOS-KAAP Provincial Gazette Igazethi Yephondo Provinsiale Koerant Vol. ? BHISHO/KING WILLIAM’S TOWN, ? January 2019 No. ? PROCLAMATION by the MEC for Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism No.? ? January 2019 1. I, Lubabalo Oscar Mabuyane, Member of the Executive Council for Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT), acting in terms of Sections 78 and 79 of the Nature and Environmental Conservation Ordinance, 1974 (Ordinance No. 19 of 1974), and Section 18 of the Problem Animal Control Ordinance, 1957 (Ordinance 26 of 1957) hereby determine for the year 2019 the hunting season and the daily bag limits, as set out in the second and third columns, respectively, of Schedule 1, hereto in the Magisterial Districts of the Province of the Eastern Cape of the former Province of the Cape of Good Hope and in respect of wild animals mentioned in the first column of the said Schedule 1, and I hereby suspend and set conditions pertaining to the enforcement of Sections 29 and 33 of the said Ordinance to the extent specified in the fourth column of the said Schedule 1, in the district and in respect of the species of wild animals and for the periods of the year 2019 indicated opposite any such suspension and/or condition, of the said Schedule 1. 2. In terms of Section 29 (e), [during the period between one hour after sunset on any day and one hour before sunrise on the following day], subject to the provisions of this ordinance, I prohibit hunting at night under the following proviso, that anyone intending to hunt at night for management purposes by culling any of the Alien and Invasive listed species, specified species, Rodents, Porcupine, Springhare or hunting Black-backed jackal, Bushpig and Caracal, in accordance with the Ordinance, must apply to DEDEAT for a provincial permit and must further notify the relevant DEDEAT office, during office hours, prior to such intended hunt. -
Community Perceptions Towards Nature Conservation in the Eastern
Nature Conservation 43: 41–53 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.43.57935 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation Community perceptions towards nature conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Daniel Angwenyi1, Martin Potgieter2, James Gambiza3 1 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sov- enga 0727, South Africa 2 Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Rhodes University, PO Box 90 Makhanda 6140, South Africa Corresponding author: Daniel Angwenyi ([email protected]) Academic editor: J.S. Pryke | Received 24 August 2020 | Accepted 7 December 2020 | Published 23 February 2021 http://zoobank.org/9B008581-763F-4F33-BA9D-04A03405DC61 Citation: Angwenyi D, Potgieter M, Gambiza J (2021) Community perceptions towards nature conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Nature Conservation 43: 41–53. https://doi.org/10.3897/ natureconservation.43.57935 Abstract Relationships between protected area managers and adjacent communities, as well as communities’ at- titudes, views and perceptions of these areas, are critical for the success of conservation efforts. It is im- portant for protected area managers and administrators to understand how local communities view these areas and their management, so that they can build sustainable working rel ationships. This paper is based on a survey of 375 semi-structured questionnaires administered to household heads, living at distances ranging from the edge of the reserves to 50 km away from the reserve boundary across the Great Fish River, Mkambati, Hluleka, and Tsolwana nature reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. -
South Africa 2007 Eastern Cape
Census of commercial agriculture, 2007 Eastern Cape Provincial statistics for selected products Report No. 11-02-03 (2007) Statistics South Africa i Census of commercial agriculture, 2007 - Eastern Cape / Statistics South Africa Published by Statistics South Africa, Private Bag X44, Pretoria 0001 © Statistics South Africa, 2011 Users may apply or process this data, provided Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) is acknowledged as the original source of the data; that it is specified that the application and/or analysis is the result of the user's independent processing of the data; and that neither the basic data nor any reprocessed version or application thereof may be sold or offered for sale in any form whatsoever without prior permission from Stats SA. Stats SA Library Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) Data Census of commercial agriculture, 2007 - Eastern Cape, Statistics South Africa. Pretoria: 2011 Report No. 11-02-03 (2007) ii. 17 pp ISBN: 978-0-621-40552-1 A complete set of Stats SA publications is available at Stats SA Library and the following libraries: National Library of South Africa, Pretoria Division National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Division Library of Parliament, Cape Town Bloemfontein Public Library Natal Society Library, Pietermaritzburg Johannesburg Public Library Eastern Cape Library Services, King William’s Town Central Regional Library, Polokwane Central Reference Library, Nelspruit Central Reference Collection, Kimberley Central Reference Library, Mmabatho This report is available on the Stats SA website: www.statssa.gov.za Copies are obtainable from: Printing and Distribution, Statistics South Africa Tel: (012) 310 8093 (012) 310 8251 (012) 310 8358 (012) 310 8161 Fax: (012) 321 7381 Email: [email protected] Census of commercial agriculture, Report No. -
The Botanical Importance Rating of the Estuaries in Former Ciskei / Transkei
THE BOTANICAL IMPORTANCE RATING OF THE ESTUARIES IN FORMER CISKEI / TRANSKEI B.M. COLLOTY, J.B. ADAMS AND G.C. BATE FINAL REPORT TO THE WATER RESEARCH COMMISSION BY THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY UNIVERSITY OF PORT ELIZABETH WRC REPORT NO. TT 160/01 Obtainable from: Water Research Commission PO Box 824 Pretoria 0001 The publication of this report emanates from a project entitled: The Botanical Importance rating of Estuaries in former Ciskei and Transkei (WRC Project No K5/812) DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute ensoresement or recommendation for use. ISBN 1 86845 790 7 Printed in the Republic of South Africa ii The Jujura Estuary, one of several unique estuaries observed in this study. This small estuary had an above average depth of 2.8 m, remained open for extensive periods and was colonized by Zostera capensis. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION FOR THE RESEARCH There are an increasing number of people utilising the South African coastline. This is creating a need to evaluate estuary and coastal resources and to identify sensitive areas where careful planning and management must take place. Management tools such as importance rating systems and state or condition assessments have become necessary to summarise and express scientific information. The botanical importance rating system is one such method and was developed in a previous Water Research Commission Project (Adams et al. -
Statistical Based Regional Flood Frequency Estimation Study For
Statistical Based Regional Flood Frequency Estimation Study for South Africa Using Systematic, Historical and Palaeoflood Data Pilot Study – Catchment Management Area 15 by D van Bladeren, P K Zawada and D Mahlangu SRK Consulting & Council for Geoscience Report to the Water Research Commission on the project “Statistical Based Regional Flood Frequency Estimation Study for South Africa using Systematic, Historical and Palaeoflood Data” WRC Report No 1260/1/07 ISBN 078-1-77005-537-7 March 2007 DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION During the past 10 years South Africa has experienced several devastating flood events that highlighted the need for more accurate and reasonable flood estimation. The most notable events were those of 1995/96 in KwaZulu-Natal and north eastern areas, the November 1996 floods in the Southern Cape Region, the floods of February to March 2000 in the Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape provinces and the recent floods in March 2003 in Montagu in the Western Cape. These events emphasized the need for a standard approach to estimate flood probabilities before developments are initiated or existing developments evaluated for flood hazards. The flood peak magnitudes and probabilities of occurrence or return period required for flood lines are often overlooked, ignored or dealt with in a casual way with devastating effects. The National Disaster and new Water Act and the rapid rate at which developments are being planned will require the near mass production of flood peak probabilities across the country that should be consistent, realistic and reliable. -
The Stratigraphy and Structure of the Kommadagga Subgroup and Contiguous Rocks
THE STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURE OF THE KOMMADAGGA SUBGROUP AND CONTIGUOUS ROCKS by ROGER SWART B.Sc . (Hons) Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geology, Rhodes University ,Grahamstown. January 1982 ABSTRACT The Lake Mentz and Kommadagga Subgroups were deposited i n a marine environment and are characterised by a heterogeneous sequence of sediments, which range in grain size from clays to grits . During the first phase of deposition the Kwee~ vlei Shale and Floriskraal Formations were deposited in a prograding shoreline environment, whereas the succeeding Waaipoort Shale Formation is interpreted as represnting a reworked shoreline. The final phase of deposition of the Cape Supergroup was a regressive one in which the Kommadagga Subgroup wa s fo rmed. The coa rs eni ng upward cycle of thi s subgroup represents a deltaic deposit. A significant time gap appears to exist before the deposition of the glacial-marine Dwyka Tillite Formation. Structurally, the area was subjected to deformation by buckle folding at about 250 Ma into a series of folds with southward dipping axial planes. Only one phase of deformation is recognised in the study area . A decrease in pore space, mineral overgrowths,formation of silica and calcite cements and development of aut~igenic minerals such as opal, stilpnomelane; analcite, prehnite, muscovite and various clay minerals are the characteristic diagenetic features of the sediments.The mineralogical evidence suggests that the maximum temperature -
Labeo Capensis (Orange River Mudfish) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
Orange River Mudfish (Labeo capensis) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2014 Revised, May and July 2019 Web Version, 9/19/2019 Image: G. A. Boulenger. Public domain. Available: https://archive.org/stream/catalogueoffres01brit/catalogueoffres01brit. (July 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Africa: within the drainage basin of the Orange-Vaal River system [located in Lesotho, Namibia, and South Africa] to which it is possibly restricted. Hitherto thought to occur in the Limpopo system and in southern Cape watersheds [South Africa] which records may be erroneous.” From Barkhuizen et al. (2017): “Native: Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa (Eastern Cape Province - Introduced, Free State, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape Province, North-West Province)” 1 Status in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. There is no indication that this species is in trade in the United States. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks A previous version of this ERSS was published in 2014. 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From ITIS (2019): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae Genus Labeo Species Labeo capensis (Smith, 1841)” From Fricke et al. (2019): “Current status: Valid as Labeo capensis (Smith 1841). Cyprinidae: Labeoninae.” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2019): “Max length : 50.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [de Moor and Bruton 1988]; common length : 45.0 cm FL male/unsexed; [Lévêque and Daget 1984]; max.