DOCSLIB.ORG

MARY TOFT-THE RABBIT BREEDER by S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MARY TOFT-THE RABBIT BREEDER by S MARY TOFT-THE RABBIT BREEDER by S. A. SELIGMAN Being a representation of the frauds by which the Godliman woman carried on her pretended rabbit breeding, also of the simplicity of our Doctors by which they assisted to carry on that imposture, discovered their own skill and contributed to the mirth of His Majesty's liege subjects. NEVER can the Medical Profession have been made to appear so ridiculous in the eyes of the general public, and indeed of each other, than by the affair of Mary Toft in 1726. She lived at Godalming (Godlyman) where she had been born and bred. In I 720 she married Joshua Toft, junior, a poor journeyman clothier, and bore him three children. She could not read or write and was said to be of healthy, strong constitution, of a small size and of a very stupid and sullen temper. On 23 April 1726, as she was weeding in a field she saw a rabbit spring up near her. She and another woman working nearby tried to catch it but with- out success. Soon another rabbit sprang up and was also unsuccessfully pursued. This set her longing for a rabbit, being five weeks pregnant at the time. That night she dreamed of rabbits and for the next three weeks had a constant strong desire to eat them, being a delicacy which she could not afford. Seventeen weeks after the episode in the field, she developed colicky abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding and passed something like a lump of flesh, there being another similar happening three weeks later. The symptoms ofpregnancy persisted, however, and in the early part of September, whilst working in the hop fields, milk flowed profusely from her breasts. This did not feel like a normal pregnancy to her and on 27 September she was taken very ill during the night and sent for her mother-in-law who was a midwife. She was delivered of what she took to be the lights and guts of a pig and these were taken by her husband to Mr. John Howard, who some days later came to her and delivered her of some further parts of a pig. Two weeks later, the whole affair appearing over, she was churched. Mr. John Howard was a surgeon at Guildford where he had practised midwifery for thirty years. He knew nothing of Mary Toft until he was approached about her strange delivery and at first did not believe this story. At last he agreed to go to Godalming with the results described above, then returning to Guildford believing the whole affair to be over. One month later, however, he was again in Godalming attending Mary Toft whose labour had now begun in earnest. During the first week in November reports began to reach London of peculiar happenings at Godalming. It appeared that one ofthe local inhabitants was being delivered ofrabbits at the rate ofalmost one a day. Accounts began to 349 S. A. Seligman appear in the newspapers and these rumours were confirmed by letters from the man-midwife in charge ofthe case, written to persons ofdistinction in town and describing the labours. One rabbit had been seen to leap in her abdomen for eighteen hours before it died and the moment it was delivered another com- menced struggling for birth. The motion produced by this struggle was so violent that it was sufficient to move the bedclothes and lasted for over thirty hours. With her pains the bones of the animal were heard to snap and break with the violent convulsive movements of the uterus. Mr. John Howard was so busily engaged in delivering rabbits that all his other work was neglected and because of this after delivering nine rabbits he moved Mary Toft to Guildford. In order that none might doubt his veracity, Mr. Howard invited anyone who wished to do so to come to Guildford where he would allow him personally to deliver one of the rabbits. This offer was keenly accepted by Mr. St. Andre. Mr. St. Andre came from Switzerland. During his early days in England he had kept himself by teaching French, German, dancing and fencing. In 1723 he was appointed Surgeon and Anatomist to the court on account ofhis linguistic ability. He was apprenticed to a surgeon and actually held the post of local Surgeon to the Westminster Hospital Dispensary although he did not take any medical degrees. The letters from Mr. John Howard made him wish to be convinced ofa fact ofwhich there was no instance in nature and on 15 November he attended the Honourable Mr. Molyneux, secretary to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, and together they set offfor Guildford to inquire into this extraordinary case. They arrived in Guildford at 2.30 p.m. and sent for Mr. John Howard who came immediately, telling them that Mary Toft was at that time in labour with the fifteenth rabbit. At that point a nurse came to call him as the woman was having pains and they all proceeded to Mr. Howard's house where she was lodged. Upon entering they found her dressed in her stays sitting on the bedside with several women near her. St. Andre immediately examined her but delivery did not appear imminent and he waited for the onset of fresh pains. These came a few minutes later, at which time he delivered her of the trunk of a rabbit of about four months' gestation stripped of its skin but containing the heart, lungs and diaphragm. He cut off a piece of lung and put it in water in order to see that it sank, but it would not do so and even rose to the surface after Mr. Molyneux had pushed it to the bottom. They examined the viscera and found the heart to be large with the foramen ovale completely patent. The lungs were remarkably small and much darker than those of a rabbit which has breathed for some time. Mary Toft now seemed very cheerful and walked by herself to a chair by the fireside where St. Andre examined her and found some irregularities in the course of the right Fallopian tube, from which he deduced that the rabbits developed in the tube, only entering the uterus during her pains some hours before her delivery. On vaginal examination no blood or liquor was present and the perineum was intact. He also examined her breasts, finding milk in one but only a little serous fluid in the other. Her pulse was slow and steady and her tongue red. He asked for a specimen of urine but was unable to obtain 350 Mary Toft-The Rabbit Breeder one. This being done they all adjourned to the house ofthe Mayor, who was ill. Two hours later, whilst theywere still away, her pains returned violently and the nurse delivered the lower part of a male rabbit which fitted perfectly the trunk delivered earlier. It was also stripped of its skin and appeared anatomically normal. Upon their return they examined this together with some of the parts delivered previously. The rectum contained several pellets resembling common rabbit's dung. This was also present in the guts ofthe other rabbits together with a dirty coloured mucus like meconium. In the guts of the first rabbit they found a slender brittle white body resembling small fish bones. They then left, coming back later that evening, shortly after which her pains returned. These were so violent that four or five people could hardly confine her to a chair. Mr. St. Andre examined her and found the vagina empty with the os closed. Several minutes later the pains recommenced and he delivered the skin of the rabbit rolled into a ball, free from any moisture or blood. Ten minutes later, with fresh pains, he delivered the head with the fur on but part of one ear torn off and again no blood or liquor. She was given a sedative and when examined at IO p.m. her abdomen was soft except for the lumps noted previously. All the rabbits were examined and kept in separate pots with spirits of wine. On detailed investigation the first animal did not appear to be a perfect rabbit, three ofthe feet being like the paws ofa cat. The stomach and intestines together with the shape ofthe thorax also resembled a cat. The lungs and heart were not situated normally but were squeezed out between the upper ribs and the cervical vertebrae to which they were adherent. The lungs were only about one-sixth normal size and the bones were different from those of a rabbit apart from the head and one paw. All the others appeared normal rabbits of from two to four months' gestation. They were in component parts and were usually delivered as follows: firstly the four paws with the fur on; then the liver and intestines, the trunk and shoulders; in three or four the loins were separated from the pelves, in the remainder in one piece; the head with its fur; lastly the skin. When put together a complete rabbit was made apart from the viscera which were missing in four or five animals. Most of them were female. The hearts and livers appeared large in comparison with the lungs and intestines. The caecum and colon were small and the spiral structure of the caecum not yet unfolded. The stomach was also contracted and the pylorus very straight and narrow. The ductus venosus and implantation of the umbilical vein could not be found in the liver. Some of the hearts were opened and the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus found fully open with the two trunks of the inferior vena cava united at the right auricle.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Harlequin Toft; Or, Imposture, Pantomime, and the Instabilities of Satire in the Early Eighteenth Century”
    Tonya Howe Marymount University ASECS 2009, Richmond, VA “Harlequin Toft; or, Imposture, Pantomime, and the Instabilities of Satire in the Early Eighteenth Century” From October to December of 1726, Mary Toft hacked dead rabbits into small and not-so-small pieces; forced them, piece-by-piece into her vagina; then expelled these “made…monster[s]”i under the gazes of eminent and not-so-eminent medical men, scholars, general readers, and those of the public who could pay to see the freakshow. For some time, this fraud was acknowledged as fact by several medical men, and those who weren't convinced were nonetheless caught up in the debate, publishing tracts, treatises, rebuttals and apologies. Well over ten substantial tracts—earnest medical explanations, “exact diaries” and “narratives,” satirical responses, philosophical mediations, and more—appeared in print throughout the months of November and December. The poets and satirists of the period quickly climbed aboard, too, riding the tide of Toft's fraud. Alexander Pope published an anonymous broadside ballad satirizing the affair, though most students of 18th century will never see this in an anthology; Jonathan Swift, also writing anonymously, weighed in with two critical pieces on the subject. O ballads about Toft—or rather, the different surgeons associated with the case—emphasized the bawdy humor endemic to the meticulous examination and publicization of Toft's lady parts. A fictitious “confession” also appeared, ostensibly in Toft's own words and “natural” style, playing up ample opportunity for sexual innuendo. From November 1726 to January of the following year, the Toft affair made it into the newspapers over fifty times (Nov/Dec=47x; Jan=16x), in both advertisements for related publications and as news in its own right.
    [Show full text]
  • Slater V. Baker and Stapleton (C.B. 1767): Unpublished Monographs by Robert D. Miller
    SLATER V. BAKER AND STAPLETON (C.B. 1767): UNPUBLISHED MONOGRAPHS BY ROBERT D. MILLER ROBERT D. MILLER, J.D., M.S. HYG. HONORARY FELLOW MEDICAL HISTORY AND BIOETHICS DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON PRINTED BY AUTHOR MADISON, WISCONSIN 2019 © ROBERT DESLE MILLER 2019 BOUND BY GRIMM BOOK BINDERY, MONONA, WI AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION These unpublished monographs are being deposited in several libraries. They have their roots in my experience as a law student. I have been interested in the case of Slater v. Baker and Stapleton since I first learned of it in law school. I was privileged to be a member of the Yale School Class of 1974. I took an elective course with Dr. Jay Katz on the protection of human subjects and then served as a research assistant to Dr. Katz in the summers of 1973 and 1974. Dr. Katz’s course used his new book EXPERIMENTATION WITH HUMAN BEINGS (New York: Russell Sage Foundation 1972). On pages 526-527, there are excerpts from Slater v. Baker. I sought out and read Slater v. Baker. It seemed that there must be an interesting backstory to the case, but it was not accessible at that time. I then practiced health law for nearly forty years, representing hospitals and doctors, and writing six editions of a textbook on hospital law. I applied my interest in experimentation with human beings by serving on various Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) during that period. IRBs are federally required committees that review and approve experiments with humans at hospitals, universities and other institutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mothers, Monsters, Machines: Unnatural Maternities in Late Eighteenth-Century British Women's Writing Meghan Lorraine Burke
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Mothers, Monsters, Machines: Unnatural Maternities in Late Eighteenth-Century British Women's Writing Meghan Lorraine Burke Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES MOTHERS, MONSTERS, MACHINES: UNNATURAL MATERNITIES IN LATE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITISH WOMEN’S WRITING By MEGHAN LORRAINE BURKE A Thesis submitted to the Department of English in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Meghan L. Burke defended on March 14, 2007. _______________________________ Candace Ward Professor Directing Thesis _______________________________ Eric Walker Committee Member _______________________________ Meegan Kennedy-Hanson Committee Member Approved: _____________________________________________ Nancy Warren Director of Graduate Studies, Department of English The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii Dedicated to Daryl Ann Burke, my own Ideal Mother, with thanks and love. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Candace Ward for her generous guidance, encouragement, and patience during every point of the evolution of this study. Not only were her insights integral at all stages of this project, but she also introduced me to Wollstonecraft when I was an undergraduate, and has led me through my growing love of eighteenth-century literature throughout my graduate career. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Eric Walker and Meegan Kennedy, for their willingness to be part of this final project as well as the support and instruction they provided during all of my years here at FSU.
    [Show full text]
  • From 'The Help of Grave and Modest Women' to 'The Care of Men of Sense' : the Transition from Female Midwifery to Male Obstetrics in Early Modern England
    Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1988 From 'the help of grave and modest women' to 'the care of men of sense' : the transition from female midwifery to male obstetrics in early modern England Karen L. Smith Adams Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the European History Commons, and the Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Smith Adams, Karen L., "From 'the help of grave and modest women' to 'the care of men of sense' : the transition from female midwifery to male obstetrics in early modern England" (1988). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3793. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.5677 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Karen L. Smith Adams for the Master of Arts in History presented March 18, 1988. Title: From 'The Help of Grave and Modest Women' to 'The Care of Men of Sense': The Transition from Female Midwifery to Male Obstetrics in Early Modern England. APPROVED BY MEMBERS OF THE THESIS COMMITTEE: Ann Weikel, Chair Susan Karant-1~ \ \,, '''·· ... Michael Reardon Until the sixteenth century, childbirth in England was the exclusive domain of women and was orchestrated by the female midwife. By the end of the seventeenth century, / 2 university-educated and church-approved male physicians were systematically beginning to usurp the midwife's role in the lying-in room and to gradually assume authority and power over the process of childbirth.
    [Show full text]
  • MARY TOFT-THE RABBIT BREEDER by S
    MARY TOFT-THE RABBIT BREEDER by S. A. SELIGMAN Being a representation of the frauds by which the Godliman woman carried on her pretended rabbit breeding, also of the simplicity of our Doctors by which they assisted to carry on that imposture, discovered their own skill and contributed to the mirth of His Majesty's liege subjects. NEVER can the Medical Profession have been made to appear so ridiculous in the eyes of the general public, and indeed of each other, than by the affair of Mary Toft in 1726. She lived at Godalming (Godlyman) where she had been born and bred. In I 720 she married Joshua Toft, junior, a poor journeyman clothier, and bore him three children. She could not read or write and was said to be of healthy, strong constitution, of a small size and of a very stupid and sullen temper. On 23 April 1726, as she was weeding in a field she saw a rabbit spring up near her. She and another woman working nearby tried to catch it but with- out success. Soon another rabbit sprang up and was also unsuccessfully pursued. This set her longing for a rabbit, being five weeks pregnant at the time. That night she dreamed of rabbits and for the next three weeks had a constant strong desire to eat them, being a delicacy which she could not afford. Seventeen weeks after the episode in the field, she developed colicky abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding and passed something like a lump of flesh, there being another similar happening three weeks later.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Birmingham What Mary Toft Felt
    University of Birmingham What Mary Toft felt Harvey, Karen DOI: 10.1093/hwj/dbv029 License: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (Harvard): Harvey, K 2015, 'What Mary Toft felt: women's voices, pain, power and the body', History Workshop Journal, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 33-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbv029 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.
    [Show full text]
  • Birthing Cases: Narrative and Medical Knowledge in Francois Mauriceau's Observations (1694)
    UCLA UCLA Historical Journal Title Birthing Cases: Narrative and Medical Knowledge in Francois Mauriceau's Observations (1694) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5sm1n269 Journal UCLA Historical Journal, 27(1) ISSN 0276-864X Author Buehler, Scottie Hale Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Birthing Cases: Narrative and Medical Knowledge in François Mauriceau’s Observations (1694)1 Scottie Hale Buehler UCLA I will recite you one amongst the rest, very remarkable, of the remem- brance of which I am so sensible, that the Ink I write with at present to publish it to the World for their profit, seems to me to be Blood, because in this sad and fatal occasion, I saw part of myself expire.2 This poetic sentence begins François Mauriceau’s (1637–1709) story of his sis- ter’s death from a placental abruption3 while pregnant with her fifth child at twenty years old. One could imagine the horror and paralyzing fear that met him as he entered his sister’s birthing chamber. He had been away and so his family had been unable to reach him, despite his sister’s repeated requests for his pres- ence. The room was hot and stuffy with the only light coming from a fire and candles; the windows were closed and curtains drawn. Inside the room waited a midwife and a large group of women, probably female friends and neighbors, all exhausted and awaiting his sister’s death, of which they had been assured. The house was hushed in anticipation and horror.
    [Show full text]
  • LADIES-IN-WAITING: Art, Sex and Politics at the Early Georgian Court
    LADIES-IN-WAITING: Art, Sex and Politics at the early Georgian Court By Eric Jonathan Weichel A thesis submitted to the Department of Art in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (April 2013) Copyright © Eric Jonathan Weichel, 2013. i Abstract This thesis discusses the cultural contributions – artistic patronage, art theory, art satire - of four Ladies-in-Waiting employed at the early eighteenth-century century British court: Mary, Countess Cowper; Charlotte Clayton, Baroness Sundon; Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk; and Mary Hervey, Baroness Hervey of Ickworth. Through a close reading of archival manuscripts, published correspondences and art historical treatises, I explore the cultural milieu, historical legacy and historiographic reception of these individuals. I argue that their writing reveals fresh insight on the switch from Baroque to Rococo modes of portraiture in Britain, as it does critical attitudes to sex, religion and politics among aristocratic women. Through the use of satire, these courtiers comment on extramarital affairs, rape, homosexuality and divorce among their peer group. They also show an interest in issues of feminist education, literature, political and religious patronage, and contemporary news events, which they reference through allusions to painting, architecture, sculpture, engravings, ceramics, textiles and book illustrations. Many of the artists patronized by the court in this period were foreign-born, peripatetic, and stylistically unusual. Partly due to the transnational nature of these artist’s careers, and partly due to the reluctance of later historians to admit the extent of foreign socio-cultural influence, biased judgements about the quality of these émigré painters’ work continue to predominate in art historical scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Exhibition Booklet
    A Georgian Miscellany: Medicine 1713-1768 2018 sees the 250th anniversary of the death of the clergyman and author Laurence Sterne. Following the success of Shandy’s Physicians, an exhibition held at the RSM Library in 2013 to mark the tercentenary of Sterne’s birth, A Georgian Miscellany: Medicine 1713 – 1768 celebrates the medical world of Sterne’s time with an exhibition of texts from the Library of the Royal Society of Medicine. Alas, poor YORICK! About this time Mr. Sterne, the celebrated author, was taken ill at the silk-bag shop in Old Bond Street. He was sometimes called `Tristram Shandy', and sometimes `Yorick' — a very great favourite of the gentlemen's. One day my master had company to dinner who were speaking about him; the Duke of Roxburgh, the Earl of March, the Earl of Ossory, the Duke of Grafton, Mr. Garrick, Mr. Hume, and a Mr. James. `John,' said my master, `go and inquire how Mr. Sterne is today.' I went, returned, and said: `I went to Mr. Sterne's lodging; the mistress opened the door; I inquired how he did. She told me to go up to the nurse. I went into the room, and he was just a-dying. I waited ten minutes; but in five he said: "Now it is come." He put up his hand as if to stop a blow, and died in a minute.' The gentlemen were all very sorry, and lamented him very much. From John Macdonald, Travels in Various Parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa (1790) (reprinted as Memoirs of an Eighteenth-Century Footman, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
    University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF HUMANTIES English Volume 1of 1 Maternal Impressions: The Discourse of Maternal Imagination in the Eighteenth Century by Jenifer Buckley Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2014 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT Maternal imagination is the notion that a pregnant woman could alter the development of her foetus with the power of her thoughts and feelings. At the beginning of the long eighteenth century this notion circulated in both medical and popular understandings of pregnancy, however by the nineteenth century the concept was largely dismissed in the medico-scientific community. This thesis charts the discursive migration of the concept of maternal imagination in a way that complicates the standard chronology. I argue that the discourse was widely dispersed and played a role in significant cultural debates concerning man- midwifery, politeness, domestic hierarchy, gender roles, and the philosophy of creative imagination.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and Protest in Mary Toft's Monstrous Births of 1726
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Portal University of Birmingham Rabbits, Whigs and Hunters: Women and Protest in Mary Toft’s monstrous births of 1726 Harvey, Karen DOI: 10.1093/pastj/gtx063 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Harvey, K 2018, 'Rabbits, Whigs and Hunters: Women and Protest in Mary Toft’s monstrous births of 1726', Past & Present, vol. 238, no. 1, pp. 43–83. https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtx063 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Past & Present following peer review. The version of record: Karen Harvey; Rabbits, whigs and hunters: women and protest in mary toft’s monstrous births of 1726, Past & Present, Volume 238, Issue 1, 1 February 2018, Pages 43–83 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtx063 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Britain
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2018 Medical Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Britain Katherine Richards [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Richards, Katherine, "Medical Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Britain" (2018). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3734. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3734 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Medical Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Britain Katherine R. Richards Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Literature Marilyn Francus, Ph.D., chair Laura Engel, Ph.D. Lara Farina, Ph.D. Catherine Gouge, Ph.D. John Lamb, Ph.D. Department of English Morgantown, West Virginia 2018 Keywords: Eighteenth Century, Celebrity Studies, Medical History, Britain Copyright 2018 Katherine Richards Abstract Medical Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Britain Katherine Richards Medical Celebrity in Eighteenth-Century Britain argues that the cultural mechanisms responsible for creating and sustaining celebrity culture helped create and sustain commercialized medicine in eighteenth-century Britain.
    [Show full text]