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Porting a Window Manager from Xlib to XCB
Porting a Window Manager from Xlib to XCB Arnaud Fontaine (08090091) 16 May 2008 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version pub- lished by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". Contents List of figures i List of listings ii Introduction 1 1 Backgrounds and Motivations 2 2 X Window System (X11) 6 2.1 Introduction . .6 2.2 History . .6 2.3 X Window Protocol . .7 2.3.1 Introduction . .7 2.3.2 Protocol overview . .8 2.3.3 Identifiers of resources . 10 2.3.4 Atoms . 10 2.3.5 Windows . 12 2.3.6 Pixmaps . 14 2.3.7 Events . 14 2.3.8 Keyboard and pointer . 15 2.3.9 Extensions . 17 2.4 X protocol client libraries . 18 2.4.1 Xlib . 18 2.4.1.1 Introduction . 18 2.4.1.2 Data types and functions . 18 2.4.1.3 Pros . 19 2.4.1.4 Cons . 19 2.4.1.5 Example . 20 2.4.2 XCB . 20 2.4.2.1 Introduction . 20 2.4.2.2 Data types and functions . 21 2.4.2.3 xcb-util library . 22 2.4.2.4 Pros . 22 2.4.2.5 Cons . 23 2.4.2.6 Example . 23 2.4.3 Xlib/XCB round-trip performance comparison . -
Debugging with DDD
Debugging with DDD User’s Guide and Reference Manual First Edition, for DDD Version 3.2 Last updated 2000-01-03 Andreas Zeller Debugging with DDD User’s Guide and Reference Manual Copyright c 2000 Universität Passau Lehrstuhl für Software-Systeme Innstraße 33 D-94032 Passau GERMANY Distributed by Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place – Suite 330 Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA ddd and this manual are available via the ddd www page. Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the sections entitled “Copying” and “GNU General Public License” (see Appendix G [License], page 181) are included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one. Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a translation approved by the Free Software Foundation. Send questions, comments, suggestions, etc. to [email protected]. Send bug reports to [email protected]. i Short Contents Summary of DDD .............................................. 1 1 A Sample DDD Session ...................................... 5 2 Getting In and Out of DDD ................................... 15 3 The DDD Windows ........................................ 39 4 Navigating through the Code .................................. 71 5 Stopping the Program ....................................... 79 6 Running the Program ....................................... 89 7 Examining Data ......................................... -
An Introduction to the X Window System Introduction to X's Anatomy
An Introduction to the X Window System Robert Lupton This is a limited and partisan introduction to ‘The X Window System’, which is widely but improperly known as X-windows, specifically to version 11 (‘X11’). The intention of the X-project has been to provide ‘tools not rules’, which allows their basic system to appear in a very large number of confusing guises. This document assumes that you are using the configuration that I set up at Peyton Hall † There are helpful manual entries under X and Xserver, as well as for individual utilities such as xterm. You may need to add /usr/princeton/X11/man to your MANPATH to read the X manpages. This is the first draft of this document, so I’d be very grateful for any comments or criticisms. Introduction to X’s Anatomy X consists of three parts: The server The part that knows about the hardware and how to draw lines and write characters. The Clients Such things as terminal emulators, dvi previewers, and clocks and The Window Manager A programme which handles negotiations between the different clients as they fight for screen space, colours, and sunlight. Another fundamental X-concept is that of resources, which is how X describes any- thing that a client might want to specify; common examples would be fonts, colours (both foreground and background), and position on the screen. Keys X can, and usually does, use a number of special keys. You are familiar with the way that <shift>a and <ctrl>a are different from a; in X this sensitivity extends to things like mouse buttons that you might not normally think of as case-sensitive. -
Qtile Documentation Release 0.15.1
Qtile Documentation Release 0.15.1 Aldo Cortesi Apr 14, 2020 Contents 1 Getting started 1 1.1 Installing Qtile..............................................1 1.2 Configuration...............................................5 2 Commands and scripting 25 2.1 Commands API............................................. 25 2.2 Scripting................................................. 28 2.3 qshell................................................... 28 2.4 iqshell.................................................. 30 2.5 qtile-top.................................................. 31 2.6 qtile-run................................................. 31 2.7 qtile-cmd................................................. 31 2.8 dqtile-cmd................................................ 34 3 Getting involved 37 3.1 Contributing............................................... 37 3.2 Hacking on Qtile............................................. 38 4 Miscellaneous 43 4.1 Reference................................................. 43 4.2 Frequently Asked Questions....................................... 107 4.3 License.................................................. 108 Index 109 i ii CHAPTER 1 Getting started 1.1 Installing Qtile 1.1.1 Distro Guides Below are the preferred installation methods for specific distros. If you are running something else, please see In- stalling From Source. Installing on Arch Linux Stable versions of Qtile are currently packaged for Arch Linux. To install this package, run: pacman -S qtile Please see the ArchWiki for more information on -
SUSE® Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 and the Workstation Extension: What's New ?
SUSE® Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 and the Workstation Extension: What's New ? Frédéric Crozat <[email protected]> Enterprise Desktop Release Manager Scott Reeves <[email protected]> Enterprise Desktop Development Manager Agenda • Design Criteria • Desktop Environment in SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 • GNOME Shell • Desktop Features and Applications 2 Design Criteria SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop Interoperability Ease of Use Security Ease of Management Lower Costs 4 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 • Focus on technical workstation ‒ Developers and System administrators • One tool for the job • Main desktop applications will be shipped: ‒ Mail client, Office Suite, Graphical Editors, ... • SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension ‒ Extend SUSE Linux Enterprise Server with packages only available on SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop. (x86-64 only) 5 Desktop in SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 As Part of the Common Code Base SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 Desktop Environment • SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 contains one primary desktop environment • Additional light-weight environment for special use-cases: ‒ Integrated Systems • Desktop environment is shared between the server and desktop products 7 SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 Desktop Environment • GNOME 3 is the main desktop environment ‒ SLE Classic mode by default ‒ GNOME 3 Classic Mode and GNOME 3 Shell Mode also available • SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 ships also lightweight IceWM ‒ Targeted at Integrated Systems • QT fully supported: ‒ QT5 supported for entire SLE12 lifecycle ‒ QT4 supported, will be removed in future -
Development Version from Github
Qtile Documentation Release 0.13.0 Aldo Cortesi Dec 24, 2018 Contents 1 Getting started 1 1.1 Installing Qtile..............................................1 1.2 Configuration...............................................4 2 Commands and scripting 21 2.1 Commands API............................................. 21 2.2 Scripting................................................. 24 2.3 qshell................................................... 24 2.4 iqshell.................................................. 26 2.5 qtile-top.................................................. 27 2.6 qtile-run................................................. 27 2.7 qtile-cmd................................................. 27 2.8 dqtile-cmd................................................ 30 3 Getting involved 33 3.1 Contributing............................................... 33 3.2 Hacking on Qtile............................................. 35 4 Miscellaneous 39 4.1 Reference................................................. 39 4.2 Frequently Asked Questions....................................... 98 4.3 License.................................................. 99 i ii CHAPTER 1 Getting started 1.1 Installing Qtile 1.1.1 Distro Guides Below are the preferred installation methods for specific distros. If you are running something else, please see In- stalling From Source. Installing on Arch Linux Stable versions of Qtile are currently packaged for Arch Linux. To install this package, run: pacman -S qtile Please see the ArchWiki for more information on Qtile. Installing -
Release Notes for X11R7.5 the X.Org Foundation 1
Release Notes for X11R7.5 The X.Org Foundation 1 October 2009 These release notes contains information about features and their status in the X.Org Foundation X11R7.5 release. Table of Contents Introduction to the X11R7.5 Release.................................................................................3 Summary of new features in X11R7.5...............................................................................3 Overview of X11R7.5............................................................................................................4 Details of X11R7.5 components..........................................................................................5 Build changes and issues..................................................................................................10 Miscellaneous......................................................................................................................11 Deprecated components and removal plans.................................................................12 Attributions/Acknowledgements/Credits......................................................................13 Introduction to the X11R7.5 Release This release is the sixth modular release of the X Window System. The next full release will be X11R7.6 and is expected in 2010. Unlike X11R1 through X11R6.9, X11R7.x releases are not built from one monolithic source tree, but many individual modules. These modules are distributed as individ- ual source code releases, and each one is released when it is ready, instead -
Linux Installation and Getting Started
Linux Installation and Getting Started Copyright c 1992–1996 Matt Welsh Version 2.3, 22 February 1996. This book is an installation and new-user guide for the Linux system, meant for UNIX novices and gurus alike. Contained herein is information on how to obtain Linux, installation of the software, a beginning tutorial for new UNIX users, and an introduction to system administration. It is meant to be general enough to be applicable to any distribution of the Linux software. This book is freely distributable; you may copy and redistribute it under certain conditions. Please see the copyright and distribution statement on page xiii. Contents Preface ix Audience ............................................... ix Organization.............................................. x Acknowledgments . x CreditsandLegalese ......................................... xii Documentation Conventions . xiv 1 Introduction to Linux 1 1.1 About This Book ........................................ 1 1.2 A Brief History of Linux .................................... 2 1.3 System Features ......................................... 4 1.4 Software Features ........................................ 5 1.4.1 Basic commands and utilities ............................. 6 1.4.2 Text processing and word processing ......................... 7 1.4.3 Programming languages and utilities .......................... 9 1.4.4 The X Window System ................................. 10 1.4.5 Networking ....................................... 11 1.4.6 Telecommunications and BBS software ....................... -
Pipenightdreams Osgcal-Doc Mumudvb Mpg123-Alsa Tbb
pipenightdreams osgcal-doc mumudvb mpg123-alsa tbb-examples libgammu4-dbg gcc-4.1-doc snort-rules-default davical cutmp3 libevolution5.0-cil aspell-am python-gobject-doc openoffice.org-l10n-mn libc6-xen xserver-xorg trophy-data t38modem pioneers-console libnb-platform10-java libgtkglext1-ruby libboost-wave1.39-dev drgenius bfbtester libchromexvmcpro1 isdnutils-xtools ubuntuone-client openoffice.org2-math openoffice.org-l10n-lt lsb-cxx-ia32 kdeartwork-emoticons-kde4 wmpuzzle trafshow python-plplot lx-gdb link-monitor-applet libscm-dev liblog-agent-logger-perl libccrtp-doc libclass-throwable-perl kde-i18n-csb jack-jconv hamradio-menus coinor-libvol-doc msx-emulator bitbake nabi language-pack-gnome-zh libpaperg popularity-contest xracer-tools xfont-nexus opendrim-lmp-baseserver libvorbisfile-ruby liblinebreak-doc libgfcui-2.0-0c2a-dbg libblacs-mpi-dev dict-freedict-spa-eng blender-ogrexml aspell-da x11-apps openoffice.org-l10n-lv openoffice.org-l10n-nl pnmtopng libodbcinstq1 libhsqldb-java-doc libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil sg3-utils linux-backports-modules-alsa-2.6.31-19-generic yorick-yeti-gsl python-pymssql plasma-widget-cpuload mcpp gpsim-lcd cl-csv libhtml-clean-perl asterisk-dbg apt-dater-dbg libgnome-mag1-dev language-pack-gnome-yo python-crypto svn-autoreleasedeb sugar-terminal-activity mii-diag maria-doc libplexus-component-api-java-doc libhugs-hgl-bundled libchipcard-libgwenhywfar47-plugins libghc6-random-dev freefem3d ezmlm cakephp-scripts aspell-ar ara-byte not+sparc openoffice.org-l10n-nn linux-backports-modules-karmic-generic-pae -
Xfree86® on Darwin and Mac OS X Torrey T
XFree86® on Darwin and Mac OS X Torrey T. Lyons 15 December 2003 1. Introduction XFree86, a freely redistributable open-source implementation of the X Window System, has been ported to Darwin and Mac OS X. This document is a collection of information for anyone running XFree86 on Apple’s next generation operating system. Most of the current work on XFree86 for Darwin and Mac OS Xiscentered around the XonX project at SourceForge. If you areinterested in up-to-date status, want to report a bug, or are interested in working on XFree86 for Darwin, stop by the XonX project. 2. Hardware Supportand Configuration The X window server for Darwin and Mac OS Xprovided by the XFree86 Project, Inc. is called XDarwin. XDarwin can run in three different modes. On Mac OS X, XDarwin runs in parallel with Aqua in full screen or rootless modes. These modes arecalled Quartz modes, named after the Quartz 2D compositing engine used by Aqua. XDarwin can also be run from the Darwin con- sole in IOKit mode. In full screen Quartz mode, when the X Window System is active, it takes over the entirescreen. Youcan switch back to the Mac OS Xdesktop by holding down Command-Option-A. This key combination can be changed in the user preferences. From the Mac OS Xdesktop, click on the XDarwin icon in the Dock to switch back to the X window system. (You can change this behavior in the user preferences so that you must click the XDarwin icon in the floating switch window instead.) In rootless mode, the X window system and Aqua shareyour display. -
Das X Window System Grafik Für UNIX
Das X Window System Grafik für UNIX Linux User Group Mitterteich Jan Schampera <[email protected]> August 2009 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einführung 1 2 Entwicklungsgeschichte 1 3 Grundkonzept 1 4 Im Detail 2 4.1 X Server und Displays . 2 4.2 X Client . 2 4.3 Display Manager . 3 4.4 Window Manager . 3 4.5 Sitzungsverwaltung . 4 4.6 X Library . 4 4.7 Toolkit und Desktop Environment . 4 5 Möglichkeiten und Spezialitäten 5 5.1 XinX............................................. 5 5.2 Multihead . 5 5.3 X Proxies . 6 5.4 NX............................................... 6 6 Kritik 7 6.1 Einheitlichkeit der GUI . 7 6.2 Client/Server Architektur . 7 A Bildschirmfotos 8 Abbildungsverzeichnis 3-1 X Client/Server Modell . 1 4-1 Rolle des Display Managers bei Remoteverbindung . 4 5-1 Mehrere separate X Displays auf einem Computer (Multiseat) . 6 A-1 X in X: Xnest mit einer zweiten Benutzersitzung auf dem gleichen System . 8 A-2 DMX lokal simuliert mit Xephyr X Servern . 9 A-3 NX Sitzung zu einem entfernten GNOME Desktop . 10 Das X Window System 1 Einführung Grafische Oberflächen sind heutzutage normal und auf nahezu allen gängigen Betriebssystemen in ver- schiedenen Varianten vorhanden. Im UNIX R Umfeld hat sich vor über 20 Jahren das X Window System R eingebürgert und durch seine durchgängige Modularisierung und Flexibilität bis heute gehalten. Das „X Window System”, „X11” oder einfach nur „X”, definiert ein einfaches Kommunikationsmodell zur Benutzung von grafischen Anzeigesystemen. Im Endeffekt ist es eine Weiterentwicklung der klassischen Textterminals: Spezialisierte Hardware oder Programme übernehmen die Ein- und Ausgabe, die Applika- tionen können sich auf ihre eigentliche Arbeit konzentrieren. -
Interfeţe Grafice Cu Utilizatorul
Universitatea POLITEHNICA din Bucureşti Facultatea de Electronică, Telecomunicaţii şi Tehnologia Informaţiei SISTEME DE OPERARE TEMĂ DE CASĂ Structura sistemelor de operare Windows şi Linux GUI Comparaţie - interfeţe grafice cu utilizatorul Mănucă Adrian, 431A Ţulucescu Alexandru, 431A Bîrsan Ruben, 432A Ciobanu Dragoş, 433A CUPRINS 1. Introducere. Evoluția interfețelor grafice(GUI). ->Ciobanu Dragoș, 433A - Interfața liniei de comandă(CLI) - Interfața grafică Xerox PARC. WIMP. 2. Interfața grafică la Linux. ->Țulucescu Alexandru, 431A - X Window System . Introducere. Design. Principii. Interfețe cu utilizatorul . Implementări . Compositing Window Manager. Compiz, Beryl. Limitări și critici - XFCE - GNOME . Introducere. Tehnologii. Aplicații și funcționare - KDE . Introducere. Evoluția în timp. KDE 4 3. Interfața grafică la Windows. ->Mănucă Adrian, 431A - Începuturi - Windows API - Tema Luna(stilul Windows XP) - Windows Aero . Windows Presentation Foundation(WPF->.NET Framework 3) . Desktop Window Manager - Interfața Ribbon - Metro(limbaj de design) 4. Comparație interfețe grafice. ->Bârsan Ruben, 432A - Asemănări între Linux și Windows. Deosebiri. - Avantaje. Dezavantaje. - Concluzii. 5. Bibliografie 1 Introducere 1. Introducere Evoluţia interfeţelor grafice (GUI) „Interfața grafică (în engleză: Graphical User Interface sau GUI) este numit sistemul de afișaj grafic-vizual pe un ecran, situat funcțional între utilizator și dispozitive electronice cum ar fi computere, dispozitive personale de tip hand-held (playere MP3, playere media portabile, dispozitive de jucat), aparate electrocasnice și unele echipamente de birou.” [1] Pentru a prezenta toate informațile și acțiunile disponibile, un GUI oferă pictograme și indicatori vizuali, în contrast cu interfețele bazate pe text, care oferă doar nume de comenzi (care trebuie tastate) sau navigația text. „Termenul de GUI este restricţionat la ecrane cu display 2D cu rezoluţii capabile de a descrie informaţia generică, în urma cercetării la PARC(Palo Alto Research Center).