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I TREE ATTRIBUTE RANKING and PHENOLOGY STUDY: FARMERS

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I TREE ATTRIBUTE RANKING and PHENOLOGY STUDY: FARMERS TREE ATTRIBUTE RANKING AND PHENOLOGY STUDY: FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF TREES COMMONLY FOUND ON COFFEE FARMS BORDERING MABIRA FOREST RESERVE IN MUKONO DISTRICT, UGANDA BY MUCHELO RONALD W.OMELI AG332-0855/2009 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN RESAERCH METHODS OF JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY September 2011 i Declaration This dissertation is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other University Sign: ______________________________ Date: ______________________ Muchelo Ronald Omeli Recommendation This dissertation has been submitted for examination with our approval as the supervisors of the candidate Sign: ______________________________ Date: ______________________ Dr. Samuel Mwalili JKUAT, Kenya Sign: ______________________________ Date: ______________________ Prof. Catherine Muthuri JKUAT, Kenya Sign: ______________________________ Date: ______________________ Prof. Fergus Sinclair ICRAF, Nairobi ii Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my sisters; Rachel and Sylvia iii Acknowledgment Great appreciation goes to RUFORUM for all the financial support through the scholarship and JKUAT for delivering the course. Special appreciation also goes to Professor Fergus Sinclair and Dr. Anja Gassner for allowing me to be part of their research team and continued technical support. Dr. Mwalili and Prof Muthuri in the same measure are greatly acknowledged. Thanks a lot for sparing your valuable time trying to make sure I am on the right track with this research. Your guidance and constant follow up of my progress has enabled me to make this progress. Appreciation also goes to Genevieve Lamond for and Emilie Smith for their assistance and guidance. Finally I would to extend my appreciation to, NAFORI, ICRAF and CAFNET project team for all the assistance they offered me during my entire time at the institution. This work was produced during attachment at ICRAF under CAFNET project. The design of the data collection methods and materials was done by Genevieve Lamond. iv Table of Content Declaration .................................................................................................................................. i Dedication ................................................................................................................................ iii This dissertation is dedicated to my sisters; ............................................................................. iii Rachel and Sylvia .................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgment ...................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF PLATES ..................................................................................................................... x Acronyms and abbreviations..................................................................................................... xi Definition of terms ................................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of the study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Coffee Agroforestry ......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Indigenous knowledge ..................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Institution of Attachment ................................................................................................. 3 1.4.1 Introduction to ICRAF Projects .................................................................................... 3 1.4.2. Introduction to CAFNET Project ................................................................................. 4 1.5 Research Objectives ......................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Hypotheses ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Statement of the problem ................................................................................................. 6 1.8 Justification of the study .................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER TWO ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Coffee Agroforestry ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Local knowledge in Agroforestry management ............................................................... 9 2.3 Ranking of the tree attributes by farmers based on indigenous Knowledge .................... 9 2.4 Ranking and rating studies ............................................................................................. 10 2.5 Phenology of tree in the tropics ..................................................................................... 11 2.6 Tree attributes important for crop growth in agroforestry ............................................. 11 2.6.1 Root architecture of some of the tree species ............................................................. 11 2.6.2 Crown architecture of different tree species ............................................................... 12 2.6.3 Growth rate of different tree species ........................................................................... 12 2.6.4 Leaf decomposition rate and soil benefit of different tree species ............................. 13 2.6.5 Timber quality for each tree species ........................................................................... 14 2.2.6 Pruning of trees as both a management practice and means of obtaining fuel-wood for rural communities ................................................................................................................ 15 v CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................. 16 3.0 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 16 3.1 Study Area ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.1 Location and Climate of Mukono district ................................................................... 16 3.2 Collection of Phenology and Ranking data in Mukono district, Uganda ...................... 17 3.2.1 Training a research Team on data collection methods................................................ 18 3.2.3 Farmer Selection ......................................................................................................... 18 3.2.4 Phenology data collection ........................................................................................... 19 3.2.5 Tree attributes ranking data collection ........................................................................ 20 3.4 Conference/seminar Presentation ................................................................................... 21 3.5 Data management........................................................................................................... 22 3.6 Data analysis .................................................................................................................. 23 CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................... 24 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ...................................................................................... 24 4.1 Results ............................................................................................................................ 24 4.1.1 Data Collection from five sub-counties in Mukono district Uganda .......................... 24 4.1.2 Ranking for the tree species for the twelve attributes ................................................. 31 4.1.2.2 Cluster analysis of the ranking by tree species ........................................................ 31 4.1.2.3 Clustering by tree attribute....................................................................................... 32 4.1.3 Ranking for specific attribute s ................................................................................... 32 4.1.3.1 Timber quality for each tree species ........................................................................ 32 4.1.3.2 Ranking of specific attribute – fuel-wood burn Length ........................................... 37 4.1.3.3Ranking of general attributes – Crown architecture ................................................
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