An Analysis of Gestures Found in “A Quiet Place” Film

Home , A Quiet Place, Bryan Woods, Millicent Simmonds, Scott Beck

Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 AN ANALYSIS OF GESTURES FOUND IN “A QUIET PLACE” FILM

RAHMA AMALIA PUTRI, SITI LESTARI, AB PRABOWO KA English Department, Universitas PGRI Semarang [email protected]

First received: 23 February 2020 Final proof received: 30 May 2020

Abstract This final project presents the analysis of gestures found in “A Quiet Place” film. The main purposes of this research are (1) to find out the kinds of gestures found in “A Quiet Place” film (2) to analyze the function of gesture found in “A Quiet Place” Film. The method of this research is descriptive qualitative research. For collecting the data, the researcher should watch “A Quiet Place” Film. After watching film, the researcher should find out the kinds of gesture in another journal or books then analyzing the kinds of gesture that found in “A Quiet Place” film. The researcher found the kinds of gesture that written by David McNeill and Levy 2005. There are four dimensions of the previous researcher about the kinds of gesture: Iconic, Metaphoric, Deictic, and Beats. That are the kinds of gesture that the researcher will analyze based on the film. The four kinds of gesture is importance for balancing the speakers meaning when they talk, and when the speakers did not allow to speech or using their sounds. Study about gesture is important, as a student of English education the researcher took this subject because it related to cultural understanding and linguistics. The researcher chose “A Quiet Place” film that relating to this research. “A Quiet Place” is an American post-apocalyptic horror film directed by John Krasinski in 2018, who wrote the screenplay with Bryan Woods and Scott Beck. The film stars Krasinski, alongside Emily Blunt, Millicent Simmonds, and Noah Jupe. The plot revolves around a family struggling to survive in a post-apocalyptic world inhabited by blind extraterrestrial creatures with an acute sense of hearing. A Quiet Place premiered at South by Southwest on March 9, 2018, and was released in the United States on April 6, 2018, by Paramount Pictures. This is one of the film which is not having any conversations. The characters are used gestures for communication. The researcher suggested the readers to be more understanding about gesture, and also the researcher suggested the future researcher that another drama or film could be selected to next researcher and they could explain more about this subject because the gestures is not only about non-verbal communication, it is related to another theory of body language..

Keywords: Analysis, Gestures, A Quiet Place film 2 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020

INTRODUCTION interpret the message to extract its mea- According to Assia (2017), gestures ning. Messages are conveyed back and are a way to express feelings and thoughts forth through feedback. Feedback can be non-verbally. They can also be used toget- through words or through non-verbal ac- her with words to provide more empha- tions like various gestures, sighing, looking sis. Gestures allow individuals to express away or nodding. The other factors are a variety of feelings, “from contempt considered when communicating. The sen- and hostility to approval and affection”. der or the receiver of the massage has to Most gestures are made with the hands, consider the message’s context, where the from the thumbs-up sign to the disappro- message is given and the possible interven- ving finger wag. Gestures can be made tion when the message is sent or received. with other parts of the body as well. The Situation are different if a person can see movement of arms and hands, are diffe- or hear the sender of the message, because rent from other body language in that they the receiver can immediately hear the res- tend to have a far greater association with ponse or see the reactions to the message speech and language. Whilst the rest of the through emotion, emphasis or tone of voi- body indicates more general emotional sta- ce of the sender (Day, 2018). te, gestures can have specific linguistic con- Based on Day Translation (2018), in tent. Gestures are elemental components written communication, consideration is of social communication and aid compre- given on how the specific characteristics of hension of verbal messages; however, little the text interact with the cognitive facility is known about the potential role of ges- of the reader to receive the information tures in facilitating processing of semantic comprehensively and coherently. Likewi- complexity in an ecologically valid setting. se, the interaction of the language with a Communication involves action. It’s person’s motivation and emotional makeup a process of exchanging ideas, massage or to persuade or move the reader should be information from one individual (the spea- looked into. ker) to another (the receiver) through signs Communication is a complex process or words (language) that are comprehen- and involves several variables like situa- sible between the two parties. Communica- tions, different genre, medium and method tion is essential for a community or orga- of delivery. Language, on the other hand, nization so that their members will be able is affected by personal, cultural, institution to work in concert. Communication can and organizational aims. For linguists, it is flow horizontally, diagonally, downward or essential to know how the use of language upward. In every type and level of a com- is affected by social context and how cul- munity or organization, communication is turally diverse people communicate. Lan- needed. It involves a two-way process that guage is a tool that aids in the expression has different elements, there are the sen- and conveyance of thought and feelings of der, encoding process, message, channel, two individuals. The expression of feelings the receiver, decoding process, veed back and thoughts can be sent through sounds, (Day, 2018). symbols, such as written or spoken words, For communication to happen the- posture, gesture or signs, wherein the recei- re should be someone to send and anot- ver interprets a specific meaning. her person to receive a particular message. For humans, the prime communica- The sender, as well as the receiver, has to tion medium to convey or exchange emo- Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 3 tion, opinion, views or ideas, is language. States, if we make an “O” by putting our It gives order, meaning and coherence to thumb and forefinger together, we mean abstract and complicated thoughts. Dif- “OK,” but the same gesture in certain parts ferent people living in different commu- of Europe signifies an obscenity. “Thumbs nities or localities use distinctly separate up” in the United States means “great” or languages for communication. Culture was “wonderful,” but in Australia it means the defined earlier as the symbols, language, same thing as extending the middle finger beliefs, values, and artifacts that are part in the United States. Certain parts of the of any society. As this definition suggests, Middle East and Asia would be offended if there are two basic components of culture: they saw you using your left hand to eat, be- ideas and symbols on the one hand and ar- cause they use their left hand for bathroom tifacts (material objects) on the other. The hygiene (Janys, 2013) first type, called nonmaterial culture, inclu- Many known gestures are universal- des the values, beliefs, symbols, and langu- ly recognized as symbolizing nervousness, age that define a society. frustration, excitement, etc. others may According to (Axtell, 1998) Every simply be used by actors at different ti- culture is filled with symbols, or things mes in a performance that require a simple that stand for something else and that of- description when analyzing them for dra- ten evoke various reactions and emotions. ma studies (Erickson, 2004). Some symbols are actually types of non- When speakers talk, they gesture. verbal communication, while other sym- The aim of this research is to understand bols are in fact material objects. The first the contribution that these gestures make element that exists in every culture is a va- to how we communicate and think. Ges- riety of symbols. A symbol is anything that ture can play a role in communication and is used to stand for something else. People thought at many timespans. We explore, who share a culture often attach a speci- in turn, gesture’s contribution to how lan- fic meaning to an object, gesture sound, or guage is produced and understood in the image. moment; its contribution to how we learn Let’s look at nonverbal symbols first. language and other cognitive skills; and its A common one is shaking hands, which is contribution to how language is created done in some societies but not in others. over generations, over childhood, and on- It commonly conveys friendship and is the-spot. We find that the gestures speakers used as a sign of both greeting and depar- produce when they talk are integral to com- ture. Probably all societies have nonverbal munication and can be harnessed in a num- symbols we call gestures, movements of ber of ways. (1) Gesture reflects speakers’ the hand, arm, or other parts of the body thoughts, often their unspoken thoughts, that are meant to convey certain ideas or and thus can serve as a window onto cog- emotions. However, the same gesture can nition. Encouraging speakers to gesture mean one thing in one society and somet- can thus provide another route for teach- hing Quiet different in another society. For ers, clinicians, interviewers, etc., to better example, if we nod our head up and down, understand their communication partners. we mean yes, and if we shake it back and (2) Gesture can change speakers’ thoughts. forth, we mean no. In Bulgaria, however, Encouraging gesture thus has the potential nodding means no, while shaking our head to change how students, patients, witnes- back and forth means yes! In the United ses, etc., think about a problem and, as a re- 4 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 sult, alter the course of learning, therapy, or tory research; McNeill 1992 (David, 2015) an interchange. (3) Gesture provides buil- Speakers usually reveal the difference ding blocks that can be used to construct between the two of modes by their ove- a language. By watching how children and rall bodily behavior. In methodology ges- adults who do not already have a language ture are interaction phenomena and they put those blocks together, we can observe are analyzed in this book with the methods the process of language creation first hand. of interaction micro-analysis or micro- Our hands are with us at all times and thus ethnography. It means that not only has a provide researchers and learners with an meaning of expression, that’s a component ever-present tool for understanding how of social acts. Mead thus taught us to see we talk and think (Janys, 2013). gestures as components of acts- compo- Language and gesture were two sides nent capable of relative autonomy and dis- of one thing, they are two parts of one en- tinction and the gestural act as being made tity hand its origin back then. Gesture as significant through reciprocal interaction. active language has two dimensions, static How other responds to our movement of and dynamic, that combine in every speech the hand is what matters. act and response event. Mentioned dialectic (materialized in are constituted in lived time, during irrever- gesture and speech) is an interaction bet- sibly unfolding moments of shared enga- ween unlike mode of thinking and shared gement. Gesture enable the forward adap- orientation. gesture is also largely impro- tation of action during interaction, they vised, while undoubtedly members of all enable us to act, not on the basis of what is human societies untilize gestural form in happening now, but what is likely to come their practice that are conventional, routi- next (Brown, 2018). ne, and thus “prefabricated” many gestures The main aim of modern linguis- that individuals produce are idiosyncratic tics is to document and analyze the gram- opportunistic, making use of locally avai- matical patterns of human language. In lable material such as prior gestures prac- pursuing this aim, linguists often create tical action that are currently being carried “grammars” for individual languages. Each out, or even props such as objects on the of these works characterizes in great detail table before them. Gestural practice has the words and rules of a particular langu- these features – hybridity, improvisation, age – the stuff speakers know when we say bricolage – in common with other form of they know Seri, Georgian, or English. There human practice (Erickson, 2004). are some topics covered in every grammar, A great deal of research on gesture and other topics that are rarely, if ever, in- has focused on asingle type of setting. The cluded. One topic likely to be in the lat- type in which human subject discuss or ter category is gesture, the focus of this ar- narrative experiences that have taken place ticle. From one perspective, this omission outside and prior to the current situation. makes sense. After all, gesture is not part For example, during narratives speakers of the language proper. But from another may report what they have witnessed, and perspective, omitting gesture is puzzling their gestures, although addressed to their simply because wherever people use langu- current interaction co-participant, refer age – any language – they use gesture too. to these distant events. This ecology is in Gesture is universal, just as universal as play when speakers describe a film-clip that language, and, as we will see, gesture and they have just seen, as in McNeil’s labora- language go hand in hand. At almost every Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 5 level of analysis that linguists are interested person participates. Part story of gesture in – from prosody to discourse structure is the role that it performs in interaction : – research has recently uncovered systema- gestures as something angaged in our so- tic and sometimes surprising relationships cial lives. The emphasis is on gesture as a between language and gesture. In this re- communicative resource, how gestures ef- view, we describe what is known about the- fect on going interaction, and how inter- se relationships and about the properties actions affect it. The opposition of inside and patterns of gesture itself (Natasya, and outside. However is superficial. There 2015). is no deep conflict between the inside and outside views, and both views must be ta- The Definition of Gesture ken if gestures are to be properly explained. Gesture is a part of language and also The individual speaker is surely affected by that there is a language-gesture dialectic led his or her social context. This effect might one reviewer of the book in manuscript to extend to altering the thought process of suggest that I was saying something absurd the individual to accord with the socially that a part can be in a dialectic with it shown induced changes in the context. Indeed. whole. This is not what the researchers At the same time, social interaction is not mean, of course, but my locutions could independent of individuals participating in be open to such a construal. The problem it. The participants are – mutually, jointly, is terminological; language is being used in but also individually – constituining an in- two ways. It would be tedious to signal the teraction within the constraints of cultural shifts between them, so the researcher use norms. (Neill, 2004) this section to call the reader’s attention to the double usage and trust that so flagging The Kinds of Gesture it will suffice to keep the two senses apart. There are dimensions described by Nothing hinges on the ambiguity, and al- McNeill (2005) concerning the categories lowing it to stand seems harmless. First, I of gesture types described in his latest re- use language in a technical-linguistic way, search. The dimensions I will describe be- to refer to those static structures of lan- low are based on the original categories we guage consisting of grammar, words, etc. described in (McNeill & Levy, 2005:51). In this sense, there is a language-imagery Inspired by the semiotic categories of C. S. or language-gesture dialectic, implying that Peirce (1960), Elena Levy and I proposed a the dynamic meets the static in this process. classification scheme with four categories: Second, I also use language in a traditional iconic, metaphoric, deictic, and beat. non technical way, to indicate what it is we know when we say we know a language or Iconic what we use when we speaking, listen, read, Such gestures present images of etc. In this way, gesture is a part of lan- concrete entities and/or actions. They are guage, implying that language consists of gestures in which the form of the gesture more than words, sentences, etc., and also and/or its manner of execution embodies includes spontaneous, speech-synchroni- picturable aspects of semantic content (as- zed gestures. (Neill, 2005) pects of which are also present in speech). Gesture in the initial, action, part The gesture as a referential symbol functio- highlights the other approach of gesture as ned via its resemblance to this event, ico- part of the social interaction in which the nically. Speech and gesture were not identi- 6 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 cal, however. As noted before, the gesture 2005). was made with a single hand. Beats Metaphoric Levy and McNeill (2005) called ges- Gestures can also present images of tures ‘beats’ when they took the form of the abstract. Some gestures in volve a me- the hand beating time. Beats are among the taphoricuse of form—the speaker appears least elaborate of gestures formally. They to be holding an object, as if presenting it, are mereflicks of the hand(s) up and down yet the meaning is not presenting an object or back and forth that seem to ‘beat’ time but rather that she is holding an ‘idea’ or along with the rhythm of speech. Howe- ‘memory’ or some other abstract ‘object’ ver, they have meanings that can be comp- in her hand. There is an iconic component lex, signaling the tem porallocus in speech (the form of the gesture resembles holding of something the speaker feels is impor- an object) and a metaphoric component tant with respect to the largerd is course. A (holding or presenting something is a me- beat may accompany the first mention of taphor for presenting a meaning). Other a character or highlight words whose oc- gestures involve a metaphoric use of space. currence is relevant for a larger narrative A speaker, for example, divides the gestu- purpose. res pace before him according to an appe- arance-reality dimension of morality being The Definition of Film attributed to story character. The metaphor According to Shimamura (2017). is a way to extra polite imagery to a range of Films, also known as films, are a type of meanings that are not themselves imageab- visual communication which uses moving le. If language is in separable from imagery, pictures and sound to tell stories or teach then metaphors and metaphoric gestures people something. People in every part are crucial for bringing abstract content in of the world watch films as a type of en- to contact with imagery, and hence for the tertainment, a way to have fun. For some ability of language to present this kind of people, fun films can mean films that make information itself (McNeill, 2005). them laugh, while for others it can mean films that make them cry, or feel afraid. As Deictic our intent is to address the viewer’s experi- Although the prototypical deictic ence. We can sidestep that issues and simp- gesture is the hand with an extended index ly refer to our everyday usage of films as finger, almost any extensible body part or moving picture that many of us watch for held object can be used for pointing. If the enjoyment, interest, and entertainment. We hands are employed otherwise we can imp- will those err on the side of inclusion by rovise pointing with our heads, noses, el- considering the variety of moving images bows, feet, etc., as well as with abstractions we experience daily, such as those viewed like the ‘eidola’ or gaze of ancient ophthal- in theater, on television, and on the inter- mology. Indeed, some cultures prescribe net. most film scholar make distinction. deixis with the lips (Enfield 2001). Much Between terms such as films, film, cinema, of the pointing we see in adult conver- videos, and motion picture (carroll, 2008). sation and story telling is not pointing at physically present objects or locations but METHODS is instead abstract pointing (McNeill et al., This research is descriptive qualita- Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 7 tive research, so the researcher uses the the study. descriptive method to analyze the object Furthermore, the researcher analyzed of this study. The researcher does not con- the gesture that is found in A Quiet Place vey the result through the number, but in film. sentences. In the last step, the researcher con- Qualitative research is conducted wit- cluded the results of the data analysis. hin a poststructuralist paradigm. There are five areas of qualitative research: case stu- FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION dy, ethnography study, phenomenological Findings study, grounded theory study, and content The purposes of this research are to analysis. These five areas are representati- find out the kinds of gestures found in A ve of research that is built upon inductive Quiet Place film, then the researcher ana- reasoning and associated methodologies. lyzed the kinds of gestures that found in Qualitative research builds its premises on film, and also explain the meaning of ges- inductive, rather than deductive reasoning. tures found in A Quiet Place film that writ- It is from the observational elements that ten by John Krasinski in 2018. pose questions that the researcher attempts What are the kinds of gestures found to explain. The strong correlation between in “A Quiet Place” film ?. the observer and the data is a marked dif- For analyzing the kinds of gesture ference from quantitative research, whe- that found in A Quiet Place film, The re- re the researcher is strictly outside of the searcher analyzed and summarized what phenomena being investigated. There is no the types of gestures that found in an ar- beginning point of truth or any establis- ticle or books, then the researcher analy- hed assumptions from which. Therefore, zed the gesture in A Quiet place film that the qualitative research methods allow for suitable. The researcher found the types of in-depth and further probing and questi- gesture that have found by David McNeiil oning of respondents based on their res- and Levy (2005) and it has researched by ponses, where the interviewer/researcher another expert, there are four kinds of ges- also tries to understand their motivation ture, a deictic type, beat type, iconic type, and feelings. Moreover, this research used and metaphoric type. The gestures we are qualitative that requires understanding how primarily concerned with are the gesticu- to make sense of text and images so the lations. Gesticulation is motion that em- researchers can form answers to their rese- bodies a meaning relatable to the accom- arch questions. In conducting the research, panying speech. It is made chiefly with the the researcher done some steps as follows: arms and hands but is not restricted to the- First, the researcher watched A Quiet se body parts—the head can take over as a Place film carefully. kind of third hand if the anatomical hands Second, researcher read A Quiet place are immobilized or otherwise engaged, and film script carefully. It has got deep under- the legs and feet too can move in a gesture standing to the whole story. mode (cf. McClave, 2000). Then, the researcher collected some ‘Speech-linked gestures’ are parts of references which are relevant with the stu- sentences themselves. Such gestures oc- dy. cupy a grammatical slot in a sentence— Next, the researcher searched the “Sylvesterwent [gesture of an object flying scene in the drama script that relating to out laterally],” where the gesture completes 8 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 the sentence structure. hout speech. At the other extreme of the ‘Emblems’ are conventionalized continuum, signs, such as thumbs-up or the ring (first ‘signs’ are lexical words in a sign lan- finger and thumb tips touching, other fin- guage (typically for the deaf) such as ASL. gers extended) for “OK.” Sign languages have their own linguistic ‘Pantomime’ is dumb show, a gesture structures, including grammatical patterns, or sequence of gestures conveying narrati- stores of words, morphological patterns, ve line, with a story to tell, produced wit- etc.

Table 4.1. Classification of the kind of gesture found in “A Quiet Place” Film. Scene Gesture Type Gesture Detail Brief Information First act 0:03:10 Deictic Type The child looked into her sister In a script : to point of her sister and giv- INT. FARMHOUSE, DEN ing her mother information that – DAY there were her sister Her eyes drift from the shed to her older brother. 0:03:44 – Deictic Type The children was drawing on In a script : 0:03:52 the dirty floor using crayon and INT. FARMHOUSE, BED- throwed up her hands for doing ROOM - DAY Will’s mother, some gesture like as a rocket. MIA (30s), holds a RED CRAY- ON 0:06:51 Beats Type Their father lifted his hands in- And side his ears and looked at her Deictic Type son to say that “don’t do that”. 0:07:26 Metaphoric type The sister used her forefinger by touched her closed lips to her sister for gave the sign for being quiet and secret. Scene 0:23:23 Beats Type John’s hand was moving circle on his face. And saying you are so beautiful. 0:17:37 Deictic Mia Pointed of her forefingers INT. FARMHOUSE, DIN- to the kitchen for inviting her ING ROOM - LATE AFTER- father (John) for having dinner. NOON Mia sets the table. All of their plates and cutlery are plastic. She gestures to John to gather the children for dinner. 0:27:51 Beats Type John as a father gesture to his INT. FARMHOUSE, BASE- daughter, Mia for not doing MENT – MORNING that. He moves his hands up and A HAND TOUCHES APRIL’S down. SHOULDER. John is standing behind his daughter. April doesn’t look over. Doesn’t react. Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 9

0:28:32 – Beat Type April was moving her hand INT. FARMHOUSE, BASE- 0:28:33 down and up like slicing a piece MENT – MORNING of cake (moves her hands with If we hadn’t noticed before, a little beat) to show her father we realize now that there is an that she protest and did not be- enormous amount of tension lieve her father. between them. April’s face starts to quiver. Tears filling her eyes. She pushes her father’s hand away and leaves. John opens his mouth as if to say something, but of course… he can’t. 0:28:49 Beats Type April was up and down her right hand vertical and her left hand horizontal. When the hands clap it seem so hard and deep (it is mean that she actually don’t want to her father doing that again) 0:29:30 – Beats Type The gesture that showed about 0:29:36 how to persuade the receiver with moving her hand, up, down, back, front, and inside 0:29:54 Deictic Type Mia was looking into her hus- band for asking and shows to her son that her father ready to go. 0:30:39 – Beats Type Mia’s gesture is up and down her 0:30:49 hands to explain his son, that was feeling like her gesture be- coming her soul. 0:31:12 – Beats Type There are gestural conversa- 0:31:29 tion between, John, his son, and April, they using beats type in their conversation. They using their hand up and down for explain and persuade the receiver. 0:35:40 Deictic Type John was pointed his eyes with EXT. LAKE – MORNING their forefinger and his middle Will sits into a small ROW- finger to persuade his son, it BOAT with no paddles. He means that his son have to look hides his trembling hands. at him and believe him. Doesn’t want his father to know he’s scared. 0:36:09 – Beats Type John was explaining to her son EXT. LAKE – MORNING 0:36:21 that the sound of the water in a John Will sits into a small river is safe for they to talk be- ROW-BOAT with no paddles. cause the sound of the water He hides his trembling hands. is loud and it hide their voices Doesn’t want his father to know itself. And John was using deic- he’s scared. John sits behind him tic gesture where he moved his and gazes at the placid water. A hands up, down, inside and it layer of RED ALGAE covers seemed the hands move along the entire basin. It is thick and with the speech. milky along the shore, where the SKELETONS of cows, horses, and fish waste away. 10 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020

0:42:58 Iconic – Methapor- When he was looking to the EXT. FARMHOUSE - DAY ic Type man that will scream, he showed April is lying outside the farm- to the man about (I Sign) with house writing in her DIARY. his forefinger in front of his Her HEARING AID is re- mouth. It means that the man moved. She flips the page and should be quiet. stifles a scream. Inside is a DRAWING. A DARK RED CREATURE SCRIBBLED IN CRAYON. ANIMAL, YET OTHERWORLDLY. BLOOD POOLED AROUND ITS LEGS. 0:49:53 – Beats Type John explained to his son that 0:50:00 her mother needs his help and John explained with a beats gesture, it means that John tried to persuade her son. 0:58:36 Metaphoric types John saying to her wife that we INT. SHED - NIGHT Mia is know what her son has going to asleep next to Will. The new- do while hold her wife’s hand to born lies on her chest. John is make her wife trust in him. kneeled on the other side of the small shed. His eyes trained on the wall... Peering through the razor-thin slats... 1:00:53 Metaphoric type April was taking the lamp and her little brother was holding her hand and shook his head to say that don’t leave me alone 1:06:36 Beats Types April was saying to her brother -1:06:37 that they must go away from the place with her hands gesture. 1:07:14 Beats type Her brother said that her father will look for them and find them soon with his hand gesture. 1:09:43 Iconic Type John was asking to his son and THE SIGNAL GENERA- daughter “are you okay?” with TOR April and John lock eyes. an (O sign) in a last gesture. John sees where she’s going with this... April is going to use the signal generator against the alien. John nods, encouraging her. April sets the FRE- QUENCY DIAL on the signal generator to 500 GHz - its max setting. The alien steps out of the corn. April cranks the OUT- PUT to 100%. John gives April a thumbs up. 1:14:52 Metaphoric-iconic- John gesture to her daughter deictic Type that “I Love You” with hold on his hand in front of his chest. Then make an (X sign) in front of his chest that symbol have, and pointed to her daughter (it means you) Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 11

1:21:22 Metaphoric Type April hold her ear very hard, it is mean that she want to say that her ears is very sick, because of the frequency of the sound is very near by her and it is felt so had. From the classification of the kind it can be the thin that make some one else of gestures found in A Quiet Place we know about what the speaker meaning, and know that the characters of the film using from the films we can explain that even iconic for gesturing the listener with sym- when speech is not allowed we could using bol (hand sign) because the characters does gesture for communicate and survive be- not allow using speech when they talk. In cause from the film tells that there are place another way, they using metaphoric to exp- that the sounds is a thing that make a scare lain and persuade with drawing or holding and some monster will come to eat the hu- on something. When the characters using man that make a sound. So they should be speech they using a deictic or beats types of use gestures for communicate. gesture it seems like they using their hand move up and down, beats to their speech.

The function of gestures found in “A Quiet Place” film. To know about the function of gesture the researcher was collected the Figure 1. A Quiet Place resources of data from the books, Mc Neill (2005). Gesture plays a role in communica- Drawing is include of gesture, in this tion at a variety of timespans in speaking at scene the function of the gesture is for the moment, in learning language over de- communicating the speakers meaning. velopmental time, and in creating language over shorter and longer periods of time. The researcher used this structure in organized this chapter. For knowing the functions of the gestures, but in this research will analyze about the functions of gestures in a film. After collecting data the researcher should analyzed the fact about the Figure 2. A Quiet Place function of gesture found in a film based the theory by the expert. Here the picture This scene, the gesture using for gi- that shows about the function of gesture ving information or talk about the speakers meaning using gesture, because this secti- This scene is a condition when speech on the characters is not allowed using their is not allowed to communicate. sounds to talk. The scene : 0:03:42 to 0:04:06 This scene is the different condition, It shows that the characters using that the gesture is allowed when the spea- gesture for communicate, and the gesture ker saying something. its an important part for social interaction, 12 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020

The Scene : 0:35:52 to 0:36:15 non-verbal communication with the-hand action or body movements which can help us to persuade and explain to detail.

Discussion In communication, gesture is an important part. Gesture is important in spea- Picture 3. A Quiet Place king, while we are talking with someone and give someone information. Gesture is The scene is showed that speech it as a part of language and dialectic. It me- follows the gestures, when the speakers ans that the gesture is a part of social in- start to talk and tried to persuade the liste- teraction which is the speaker needed. In ner all about her opinion or explanation is the other side gesture is a motion of the true. In this section the speaker could use hands to persuade and explain the listener their sound because the sounds of the river about the speakers mean. The listener will louder than their sounds. So the monster more understand about what the speakers can not hear. And the speech is beats while meaning using dialectic or beats of the the gesture. hands, and it will be make someone happy, or agree. But in another way when the listener didn’t accept the speakers meaning or when the speakers try for making the listener be mad or sad, it is the negative result. In this research gesture is not only about Figure 4. A Quiet Place how to analyze the meaning of gesture. As a student of education, the researcher also This situation shows that the spea- study about how to use a gesture in a good kers using beats type it used to explain her way to teach the students in a class. There son to giving information, that her son do are many articles or books that written by not be afraid about the situation. any resources about how to use gesture as a teacher in a class. This research related to cultural relation and linguistics. Gestures as something engaged in our social lives. The emphasis is on gesture as a communicative resource, how gesture effect on going interactions, and how inte- Figure 5. A Quiet Place raction affect it. The opposition of ‘inside’ and ‘outside’. However is superficial. There The speaker persuade her son to be- is no deep conflict between the inside and lieve him, it is mean that the gesture is help outside views, and both views must be ta- us for communicate to another one. And ken if gestures are to be properly explained. make someone stunned and believes him The individual speaker is surely affected by After analyze the function of gesture his or her social context. This effect might in “A Quiet Place” film, we can conclude extend to altering the thought process of that the function of gesture in general is the individual to accord with the socially help us to communicate because gesture is induced changes in the context. Indeed. Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 13 At the same time, social interaction is not In A Quiet Place film. When the spea- independent of individuals participating in ker want to show something or persuade it. The participants are – mutually, jointly, the listener. The speakers used a deictic but also individually – constituining an in- type. The speakers using their arms, foots, teraction within the constraints of cultural forefinger, nose, etc for showing a signal to norms. (Neill, 2004) point on something without speech. Gesture processing take place in are- Metaphoric as of the brain such as brocar’s areas and The speakers using metaphoric ges- wernicker’s areas, which are used by speech ture with holding an object or hit an object and sign language. Gesture and language to explain the speakers meaning, may be is relate, because the gesture is non-verbal with drawing or with holding the thing to communication that allows visual cues that persuade that the gesture for present the transmit massage. Without speaking ges- meaning and making the listener believe ture are movement that are made with the Beats body, arms, hand, facial, etc. It is the gesture that have a function This research is descriptive research for explain with beats their arms up, down with qualitative data. The researcher choo- and another way while they talking. se A Quiet Place film because the film is Now, as the study we are already con- tells us about how to leave in a Quiet place ducted successfully and shown the result we could not using our sounds to talk be- of its findings, the steps to analyzed gestu- cause there are a monster that will be eat re function, and kinds of gestures found in the human that using their sound. So this is A Quiet Place which are mentioned in this the best films for analyzed in this research. study can be followed by readers or stu- The character of the film using gesture to dents, especially those who want to choose communication and survive. The resear- a study of gesture as their tittle in the final cher will do the research easier and focus project with their own subject and object. on the gesture that analyzed. The researcher found the function of CONCLUSSION the gestures found in A Quiet Place films by Based on the analysis of the kinds analyzed the films and make a conclusion and functions of gestures found in A Quiet based on the research that have found in a Place film, the researcher was analyzing the book. Then the second step is the research data and explaining the result of analysis in should analyzed the kind of gesture found research findings and discussion. Here are in A Quiet Place films. The research about some conclusion from the researcher : the kinds of gesture from any resources. After being analyzed from any ot- There are four types of gesture that the re- her resources, the researcher conclude that search found : Iconic, Deictic, Metaphoric, a gesture is a form of non-verbal com- and Beats. munication which is visible body actions Iconic communicates a particular message. The In a Quiet place film, the character gesture was include some of movements using an iconic types to communicate using like movement of the hand, face, or other symbol or emblems, there are O Sign, V parts of the body. The gesture was diffe- sign, Fore Finger sign, and with drawing rent from physical-non-verbal communica- the speakers meaning to tells the listener. tion that gesture did not communicated to Deictic a specific message, such as purely expressi- 14 Philosophica Vol III No. 1, Juni 2020 ve displays, proxemics, or displays of join SWT, for entire blessing in the researcher’s attention. Gesture allowed some individual life so that the researcher can finish this to communicate in a variety of feelings and final project to fulfill one of the require- thoughts from contempt and hostility to ments from University of PGRI Semarang. approval and affection often together with In this occasion, the researcher would body language in addition to words when also like to express the deepest appreciati- they are speaking. In another way gesture on and sincerest thanks to : and speech work independently of each Dr. Asropah, M.Pd., the Dean of Fa- other, but become one to provide empha- culty of Language and Arts Education of sis and meaning. PGRI Semarang. The researcher wa analyzing about Dr. Jafar Sodiq, S.Pd.,M.Pd., the the function of gestures found in A Quiet Head of English Department of Universi- Place film. Little is known about how ges- ty of PGRI Semarang. ture is organizing in the brain. Nonetheless, Dra. Siti Lestari, M.Pd. as the first ad- by invoke the principle that idea for speak visor, great thanks for his valuable guidan- is dynamically organized in a dialectic of ce, advices, and correction in completing imagery and language, we can predict some this final project. features of the ‘neuro gestural’ system. Dr. A B Prabowo K A, S.Pd., M.Hum. This system should engage the same brain as the second advisor who gives guidance, circuits as language, in part. And converse- suggestion, support, and encouragement ly, if we discovered something about brain during the completion of this final project. action with gesture, we should be able to All lecturer of English Department add this discovery to our picture of what of PGRI University Semarang, who taught, the brain is doing when it handles langu- motivated, and guided the researcher since age, (Neill & Levy, 2005). The function of the first day of researcher’s study. gesture defined as a way to interact and Finally this final project is expected learning languages with other people in so- to be able to provide knowledge and infor- cial life. As a student from English educa- mation to the readers. tion is important to learn how to use the gestures properly. REFERENCES When analyzing the kinds of gestu- Abner, N. (2015) Gesture For Linguists. US: re we should know about the condition of Lang Linguist Compass. accesed the films. There are many kinds of gesture from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. that used to be researched, but in this rese- gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721265/ arch the researcher was using types of ges- Barkan, S. (2012) Sociology: Brief Edition. ture that has researched by David Mc Neill Maine. accesed on August 10, 2019. and Levy. (2005). 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