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Day 2 Session 3 Day 2 Session 3 VSAT installation 1 1- VSAT Installation IDU Satellite receivers and routers are versatile and powerful networking platforms that receive and manage content at the network edge Modern IDUs incorporate many functions: • Routing • Encryption • Compression • Acceleration • QoS • Modem • NMS 2 1- VSAT Installation Satellite Modems Satellite modems have several options that must be considered: • 70/140 MHz or L-band IF • BUC power supply • Voltage of BUC power supply (24 or 48) 3 1- VSAT Installation Router Routers are available from a variety of manufacturers but most modern satellite modems and IDU’s incorporate this functionality internally. Modem based routers provide features not generally found in terrestrial routers: • Compatibility with encapsulators • TCP spoofing (to reduce latency and improve speed) 4 1- VSAT Installation Firewall Firewalls provide proactive threat defense that stops attacks before they spread through the network. 5 1- VSAT Installation Typical configuration 6 1- VSAT Installation Sample Hardware list The VSAT system consists of the following hardware: • The Indoor unit • The Outdoor unit assembly 7 1- VSAT Installation Sample Hardware list The outdoor unit assembly consists of: TRF FEED OMT • OMT (Orthomode Transducer) separates the transmit signal from the received signal, taking advantage of their different polarization. • TRF (Transmit Reject Filter) prevents the high power transmit signal from entering (and overloading) the receive chain. 8 1- VSAT Installation Sample Hardware list The outdoor unit assembly consists of: LNB BUC • LNB (for the receiving signal). The LNB converts the C/Ku band signal received from the satellite into an L band signal. • BUC. The BUC converts the L band signal from the IDU into a C/Ku band signal for transmission. 9 1- VSAT Installation Sample Hardware list The outdoor unit assembly consists of: • Two IFL cables connecting the indoor unit to the outdoor unit assembly. − The receive cable carries the 18V power to the LNB and the L-Band signal from the LNB. − The transmit cable carries the 24v/48v power to the BUC along with the 10MHz r − Two IFL cables connecting the indoor unit to the outdoor unit assembly. • Some BUCs (known as “intelligent BUCs”) incorporate Monitor and control. This can be carried along the coaxial cable or a separate Ethernet or serial cable. 10 1- VSAT Installation Sample Hardware list The indoor unit contains the: • Modulator • Demodulator • Router • Controller • Power supplies and reference to ODU 11 1- VSAT Installation Installation courses GFV 510 Core skills for VSAT installers GVF 521 Practical techniques for installers 12 1- VSAT Installation Installation courses 13 1- VSAT Installation Installation flowchart 14 1- VSAT installation Installation flowchart 15 1- VSAT Installation Site Survey Before installation, a field operations engineer should visit the site that the VSAT is to be installed. The engineer has to consider the following: • High-rise buildings, trees etc, which may block the signal path. • Interference (by using a horn and a spectrum analyser). • Existence of AC power during installation. • Existence of a clear, unobstructed line of sight to the designated satellite • Acquisition of the longitude and latitude (using GPS) • Existence of a LAN network near the IDU. • Estimation of the maximum cable length. • Free access to the roof of the building. 16 1- VSAT Installation Site Survey Absence of high-rise buildings, trees etc, which may block the signal path. If the elevation is between 30° and 60° Imagine an arc ranging from 30 to 60 degrees above the horizon. 17 1- VSAT Installation Site Survey The IDU is designed for installation indoors. It may be placed on top of a bench or on a shelf in a rack. While placing the IDU the following requirements should be met: • Place the IDU where it can be easily accessed by a technician during maintenance. • Place the IDU away from electromagnetic field emitting devices. • The IDU may include a fan for ventilation. To allow proper airflow and to guarantee safe operation of the VSAT equipment, make sure that: − The rear panel of the IDU is not covered. − The IDU is not placed in an unventilated enclosure. − At least 10 cm of space along the IDU sides are left for ventilation. − The maximum ambient temperature is 50C 18 1- VSAT Installation VSAT MOUNT 19 1- VSAT Installation Roof mount • If penetrating the roof is allowed, secure the pole to the roof by penetrating large bolts. Apply silicon for additional rain protection. • In case penetration of the roof is not possible, a non-penetrating mount should be used. 20 1- VSAT Installation Standard VSAT Setup 21 1- VSAT Installation SATELLITE DISH ASSEMBLY VSAT antennas are formed of pressed metal (Aluminium or Steel), Reinforced plastic or Carbon fibre Moulded reflectors are thermoset-moulded for strength and surface accuracy. Moulded into the rear of the reflector is a network of support ribs which not only strengthens the antenna, but also helps to sustain the critical parabolic shape necessary for transmit performance. 22 1- VSAT Installation SATELLITE DISH ASSEMBLY RF electronics (LNB & BUC). 23 1- VSAT Installation SATELLITE DISH ASSEMBLY LNB When purchasing an LNB the following parameters will depend on the symbol rate and modulation of the transmission • Stability • Internal / external frequency reference • Noise figure • Phase noise • Input VSWR • Method of powering 24 1- VSAT Installation SATELLITE DISH ASSEMBLY Az/El head The Az/El mount is constructed from heavy-gauge steel to provide a rigid support to the reflector and feed support arm. Lockdown bolts secure the mount to a standard O.D. mast and prevent slippage in high winds. Hot-dip galvanizing is standard for maximum environmental protection. 25 1- VSAT Installation SATELLITE DISH ASSEMBLY Az/El head Azimuth and elevation adjusters Mount. 26 1- VSAT Installation ODU assembly and installation • Attach the AZ/EL cap assembly onto the pole • Attach the reflector • Attach the boom (and support struts) • Attach the ODU assembly • Set the antenna to the approximate azimuth and elevation • Rotate the ODU until it is approximately in the correct polarisation 27 1- VSAT Installation ODU assembly and installation 28 1- VSAT Installation Antenna alignment Point the antenna at the satellite, if you have a spectrum analyzer, you can see your signal (for example 11597.408 MHz RF frequency received with a LNB having a 10GHz LO will produce a signal at 1597.408 MHz) Horizontal polarization adjusted by -13 deg anticlockwise, while facing the satellite 29 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing Elevation • Place the inclinometer on the metal frame at the rear of the antenna • Adjust the elevation until the inclinometer indicates the correct value. Be advised that if you are off the correct elevation you will never find the satellite. Bigger apertures require more accuracy. Many companies prefer the use of offset antennas. To achieve the correct inclinometer readout simply subtract the antenna offset form the elevation given in the Field installation documentation. 30 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing Elevation offset 31 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing Elevation Antenna Offset Examples 32 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing Azimuth Azimuth can be measured using a compass. However, a compass doesn’t work well near steel obstructions and frameworks commonly found in buildings. Strong magnetic fields dramatically affect compass reading as well. This is called deviation. Besides a compass always points at the magnetic north. The given azimuth in the antenna and radio configuration sheet always refers to the geographic north. This means that you always have to deal with a difference between the magnetic north and the geographic north. This is called the variation and depends very much on where you are on earth. To find the true azimuth you first must subtract or add the variation to your compass reading. 33 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing 34 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing Connect the spectrum analyzer • Read the compass at ground level. Stay away from motors and large steel constructions. • Identify a landmark in the assigned azimuth pointing direction and refer to the landmark when pointing the antenna. • Since the LNB is powered with DC over coax it is not possible to connect the spectrum analyzer straight to the LNB. Connect the spectrum analyzer to the monitor output of the receiver. If your receiver does not support a monitor output use a sufficient inserter (ordinary splitters can’t be used). Be very careful not to feed the spectrum analyzer with DC power. In most of the cases you will blow up the spectrum analyzer input immediately. 35 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing Connect the spectrum analyzer 36 1- VSAT Installation Satellite pointing • Move the antenna slowly (not faster than two degrees per second) from the left to the right. Move the antenna while looking at the spectrum analyzer. • If you “hit” the satellite a bunch of signals will appear on the spectrum analyzer. When using a DRO LNB (a LNB with a free running local oscillator) and you bring your spectrum analyzer back to a very narrow span you will see that the pilot carrier is not stable. This is normal. • Top the level of the pilot roughly. The C/N should be better than 20 dB • Top the level of the pilot. Go for the best result. Do this by fine- tuning azimuth and elevation. 37 1- VSAT Installation Antenna alignment Set the antenna to the approximate azimuth and elevation angle. The exact azimuth and elevation angles come out of the exact geographical longitude and latitude. Notice that an offset antenna has a fixed elevation offset angle. So, subtract this from the calculated elevation angle. Connect a sat meter to the receive IFL cable. Set the antenna elevation, using the antenna adjust mechanism, until the inclinometer indicates the calculated elevation. Move the antenna in azimuth and elevation until the wanted carrier is displayed on the sat- meter.
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