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Textual Rhetoric on Hillary Clinton Speech Transcript “Anti-Trump” in Nevada TEXTUAL RHETORIC ON HILLARY CLINTON SPEECH TRANSCRIPT “ANTI-TRUMP” IN NEVADA A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One FEBRINA WONOSANTOSO 1113026000034 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 ABSTRACT Febrina Wonosantoso. Textual Rhetoric on Hillary Clinton Speech Transcript “Anti-Trump” in Nevada. A thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2017. This study is about Leech‟s Textual Rhetoric in speech transcript. Textual rhetoric has four principles and its maxims. They are: 1) processibility principle with end-focus, end-weight, and end-scope maxim, 2) clarity principle with transparency and ambiguity maxim, 3) economy principle with maxim of reduction, and 4) expressivity principle with iconicity maxim. The objective of this study is to identify Leech‟s textual rhetoric and analyze its function that applied in Hillary Clinton speech transcript "Anti-Trump" in Nevada for the readers. The qualitative research method is used in this research in order to determine if the speech transcript conforms to the Leech‟s textual rhetoric. This study used a descriptive approach. The data in this research was taken from Hillary Clinton speech transcript "Anti-Trump" in Nevada which obtained from the web page of The Washington Post. The instrument of this research is the writer to obtain data. Keywords: Textual rhetoric, four principles, maxims, speech transcript i APPROVEMENT TEXTUAL RHETORIC ON HILLARY CLINTON SPEECH TRANSCRIPT “ANTI-TRUMP” IN NEVADA A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Strata One (S1) Degree in English Letters Department Febrina Wonosantoso NIM. 1113026000034 Approved by: Advisor ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2017 ii LEGALIZATION Name : Febrina Wonosantoso NIM : 1113026000034 Title : Textual Rhetoric on Hillary Clinton Speech Transcript “Anti-Trump” in Nevada This thesis entitled above has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty‟s Examination Committee on January 17th 2018. It has already been accepted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one. Jakarta, January 17th 2018 Examination Committee iii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah, the most Gracious and the most Merciful All praise belongs to Allah SWT, Lord of the worlds of all living beings. The writer is really thankful and grateful for His guidance, blessing, health and opportunity that given to her. So, she is able to accomplish her thesis. Salutation and blessing be upon the prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, and his companions. The writer would like to dedicate her highest gratitude to her beloved parents, Sutikno Wonosantoso and Lilis Cucun Hatimah, for their unconditional love, endless supports, and prayer, also her sisters Lina Sutikno Wonosantoso and Cindy Wonosantoso, her brother Rendy Sutikno Wonosantoso, for their kindness and motivation. The writer also would like to express her gratitude to Dr. Muhammad Farkhan, M.Pd, as the writer advisor for his time, guidance, advices, and support to finish this thesis. In addition, the writer would like to give her thankful for the following persons: 1. Prof. Dr. Syukron Kamil, M.A., the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Letters Department. v 4. All the lecturers of English Letters Department, who have taught and educated the writer during her studies at UIN Jakarta. 5. The writer‟s best friend since freshman year in UIN Jakarta, Rizki Maulinawati. Thank you for always be her side through happy and sad, through the highs and the lows. Thank you for help her in every situation and being her place to share everything. 6. The writer‟s best friend in Linguistics class; Denisa Putri, Wilda Aqthori, Siti Rahmah Wahyumingtyas, Yussie Septiany, Adilla Oktania, thank you for make her happy and comfort during her studies. 7. The writer‟s special one Panji Pradana, thank you for always accompanies her, makes her happy every single day, and supports her until this thesis done. 8. KKN DINAMIKA 2016, thank you for giving her unforgettable moments during do the programs in Desa Pangaur, Jasinga, Bogor. 9. All people who helped the writer to finish her thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one. May Allah bless and keep them always. Hopefully, this thesis will give benefit for the writer herself and all people who read it. Jakarta, 18th December 2017 The Writer vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ i APPROVEMENT ................................................................................................. ii LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................ iii DECLARATION .................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. ix LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1 A. Background of Study .................................................................. 1 B. Focus of the Study ...................................................................... 4 C. Research Question ...................................................................... 4 D. Objective of the Study ................................................................ 5 E. Significance of the Study ............................................................ 5 F. Research Methodology ................................................................ 5 1. Method of the Research ......................................................... 5 2. The Technique of Data Collection ......................................... 6 3. The Technique of Data Analysis ........................................... 6 4. Research Instrument .............................................................. 7 5. Unit of Analysis ..................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ........................................... 8 A. Previous Research ................................................................... 8 B. Pragmatics ............................................................................. 10 C. Rhetoric ................................................................................. 10 vii D. Textual Rhetoric ..................................................................... 13 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ......................................................... 20 A. Data Description .................................................................... 20 B. Data Analysis ........................................................................ 20 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS............................... 53 A. Conclusions ............................................................................ 53 B. Suggestions ............................................................................. 54 WORKS CITED ................................................................................................. 55 APPENDIXES ..................................................................................................... 58 viii LIST OF FIGURE Figure 2.1. Leech‟s Rhetorical Concept ………………………………….…... 12 ix LIST OF TABLE Table 3.1. Textual Rhetoric in Corpus Data…………………………………… 20 x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study Communication is the act of sharing information one another. Language used by human to communicate. Every human need to communicate to stay connected with others. This is because human is social being. Based on the different ways of communication and complexities, communication can be divided into spoken and written language (Crystal 79). However, written language tends to be more complex and grammatical intricate than spoken language (Halliday 81). In spoken communication, the users are the speakers and the hearers that interact through conversation. However, written texts also have users that are writers and readers. Usually, in this kind of interaction the participants do not have a face to face conversation, but they have a potential presence. For example in argumentative discourses, the writer attempts to convince their readers by reasoning, they assume an imaginary reader and disagree
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