A Review of Cosmic Collision Abstract Introduction Galactic Collision
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International Journal of Research ISSN NO : 2236-6124 A Review of Cosmic Collision Chirag Verma1 1Departmant of Chemistry, University Institute of Science, ChandigarhUniversity, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India E-mail ID: [email protected] (ChiragVerma) Abstract I review the cosmic collision between galaxies, black-holes, and stars. In our universe galaxies are colliding at a speed of one lack thirty two thousand kilometer per hour. These collisions will destroy everything. One day it will also happen with our galaxy too. For understanding the galaxies first we have to understand galactic collision. The most violent collision of universe is galactic collision. Galaxies collide with each other and leaves destruction behind them. One day our Milky-way galaxy will also collide with its neighboring galaxy Andromida. Keywords: galactic collision, binary star system, milky-way, andromida, neutron stars Introduction Collision, at human level it is very much destructive and only leaves destruction behind it. Bigger the collision more is the destruction. On moving into the outer space the rate of these collision increases exponentially. Asteroids and commitsare colliding with planets. Stars are colliding. Even the biggest bodies of our universe that are galaxies collide with each other. The collision between two galaxies is called galactic collision. Galaxies are colliding with each other from the birth of the universe. The biggest collisions in the universe take place between the galaxies. Astrophysist says that these collision also help in development of universe. Galactic Collision For understanding galaxies first we have to understand galactic collision, its shape and structure. Galaxies are groups of Stars, Planets, Solar-systems, Asteroids, Gas and dust. There are billions of Galaxies in our universe. Galaxies are groups ofbillions and trillions of stars. The galaxy in which we live is milky-way galaxy. Our galaxy is nearly one lack light year wide form one end to other end. Light year is the unit of distance. One Light year is the distance travelled by light in one year. So a light ray starting from one end will reach to other end in one lack years. Although of that large distance galaxies are colliding and Volume 7, Issue IV, APRIL/2018 Page No:983 International Journal of Research ISSN NO : 2236-6124 colliding from the birth of the universe. In the beginning of universe galaxies are very small, theseare very close to one another. Thesecolloid with each other and form new and bigger galaxies.Our milky-way galaxy is circular in shape. Galaxies are Circular (fig. 1a), Oval (fig. 1b) and Lenticular (fig. 1c) in shape. Credit of the classification of galaxies goes to Edwin Hubble. The name of NASA Hubble space telescope is kept at his name. Before this there is no classification, he classified them in separate groups according to their size. About 90% of the galaxies which are same in size are placed in same group. Rest 10% galaxies are very different in shape and size is placed in another group. Fig. 1 (a) [1] (b) [2] (c) [3] Scientists are trying to understand that why galaxies are of different shape and size. Galaxies of irregular shape are shown in fig.2. The shape of these galaxies is a mystery for the scientists. Scientists believe that, this irregular shape of galaxies is due to galactic collisions (fig.3). These shapes of galaxies arestrong evidence that galaxies colloid with each other. Another reason of these shapes may be strong galactic gravitational forces. Fig. 2 [4] [5] (a) (b) Galaxies of irregular shapes are show Fig. 3 Volume 7, Issue IV, APRIL/2018 Page No:984 International Journal of Research ISSN NO : 2236-6124 [6] [7] (a) (b) Two colliding galaxies Collision inside Galaxy Collisions are also occurring inside the galaxies. Stars are colliding, asteroids and comets arecolliding with planets. These collisions can partially or completely destroy life on a planet. Most destructive collisions inside the galaxies are between two Neutron Stars. These stars revolve in same orbit having concentric gravitational point (fig.4a). With the passage of time they come near to each other due to gravitational force between them and Stars revolving around each other with the speed of light and finally colloid (fig.4b). In the milliseconds of collision very large amountof energy is released and a destructive shock wave of very high energy is produced which can destroy anything in its path. Astrophysicist says that if any two Neutron stars colloid near earth then it will completely destroy half ozone layer around earth and this will end the life on earth. These neutron stars are known as Binary Stars (fig.4). Fig. 4 [8] [9] (4a) Neutron star collision (4b) On Earth these collisions are observed in the form of Gamma ray flash also called GRB (Gamma ray burst) (Fig. 5). In universe GRB are very powerful events of short life time. First time GRB was discovered by an American air force satellite. Later in 1971 NASA made Compton Gamma ray observatory for finding GRB. In 2004 NASA placed swift telescope into orbit for advanced study of Volume 7, Issue IV, APRIL/2018 Page No:985 International Journal of Research ISSN NO : 2236-6124 GRB. Later in 2005 swift catches its first gamma ray flash and changes its direction in less than a minute to see the flash. Swift sends the coordinates of GRB on the Earth where a network of telescope stars collecting information about it. On interpreting the data obtained from these telescope scientists have found the reasons for these gamma ray flashes. It is confirm that these flashes are due to the collision of Neutron star. The life of a star is very violent, not only of binary stars. Stars are made of atomic cloud. Even all planets and asteroids are made of atomic cloud. Our solar system is also made of it. From the recent discoveries it was found that first star was formed after 10 core years of Big Bang. In galaxies there are many places where many stars are present in groups. These groups of stars are called Globular cluster. In 100 billion galaxies of the universe, each have at least 30 groups of Globular cluster. So the collisions between the stars are countless. Fig. 5 [10] [11] (a) (b) Gamma-ray burst during a massive star collapses Summary Galaxies are very violent. They give birth to new stars, destroy them and again form new stars. Galaxies collide with each other and also the stars present inside them collide with each other. Collisionsbetween the stars are very small as compared to galactic collision. Cosmic collision is the truth of universe. These collisions take place at every level, from smallest particle of dust present in universe. In our solar system all the things are made from these collisions. Dust particle collide to form sand, sand form small stones, these small stones combine to form rocks, rocks collide to form asteroid and finally planets are formed. Volume 7, Issue IV, APRIL/2018 Page No:986 International Journal of Research ISSN NO : 2236-6124 References [1] Reference Wei-Chun Jao, Todd J. Henry, Jennifer G. Winters, John P. Subasavage, Adric R. Riedel, Michele L. Silverstein, Philip A. Ianna. The Solar Neighborhood. XLII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program—Identifying New Nearby Subdwarfs Using Tangential Velocities and Locations on the H–R Diagram. The Astronomical Journal, 2017; 154 (5): 191 DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa8b64 [2] Mr Suturin's ASA telescope from Bifrost Observatory in Portal, Arizona2012 [3] John P. Millis, Ph.D Galaxy NGC 5010 -- a lenticular galaxy which has features of both spirals and ellipticals. NASA/ESA/STScI June 21, 2017 [4] NGC 1365 is a spiral galaxy of type SBb Spiral galaxy NGC 1365 http://www.aao.gov.au/images/general/galaxy_frames.html [5] National Schools' Observator Irregular Galaxy - IRAS 19115-2124 Credit: ESO/VLT [6] Gaxaxies NGC 3169 (left) and NGC 3166 (right) MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope at the La Silla Observatory [7] Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph Gemini South image of NGC 5426-27 (Arp 271) June 26, 2008 [8] NASA/Tod Strohmayer (GSFC)/Dana Berry (Chandra X-Ray Observatory January 17, 2018 [9] NEUTRON STAR COLLISION NASA/CXC/TRINITY UNIVERSITY/D. POOLEY ET AL. ILLUSTRATION: NASA/CXC/M.WEISS BY IAN O'NEILL JUN 5, 2018 [10] NASA/GSFC gamma-ray burst named GRB 160625B University of Maryland [11] BY CURTIN UNIVERSITY gamma-ray burst without a radio afterglow The Astrophysical Journal. DECEMBER 23, 2013 Volume 7, Issue IV, APRIL/2018 Page No:987.