DOCSLIB.ORG

Lawyers, Friends, and Money: Portfolios of Power in the Late Republic David B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lawyers, Friends, and Money: Portfolios of Power in the Late Republic David B History Publications History 2016 Lawyers, Friends, and Money: Portfolios of Power in the Late Republic David B. Hollander Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_pubs Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, European History Commons, Political History Commons, and the Social History Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ history_pubs/88. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lawyers, Friends, and Money: Portfolios of Power in the Late Republic Abstract Rome’s transformation from a regional force in Latium into a Mediterranean superpower (4th to 1st centuries BCE) was accompanied by an accelerated change of economic realities. The persistent influx of vast natural and monetary resources from abroad deeply altered the basis of Rome’s military. As income skyrocketed, the exercise of political influence at Rome became increasingly intertwined with issues of personal finance. Despite claims for frugality, the political power of senatorial families was always determined through the accumulation of wealth. By the 1st century BCE, the competition of these families for rank and recognition was dramatically wrapped up with access to monetary capital and economic resources. When the republic finally fell, this was also due to a financial crash that hit the very centre of Roman society. Examining monetary and financial assets, this volume discloses how economic power and ‘real’ capital augmented the nature of aristocratic power at Rome. Papers are grouped in three topical clusters: Currencies of Power, Money and State Action, Wealth and Status. Disciplines Diplomatic History | European History | Political History | Social History Comments This book chapter is published as “Lawyers, Friends, and Money: Portfolios of Power in the Late Republic” in Money and Power in the Roman Republic. Edited by H. Beck, M. Jehne, and J. Serrati, Collection Latomus 355 (2016) 18 – 25. Posted with permission. This book chapter is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/history_pubs/88 Lawyers, Friends, and Money: Portfolios of Power in the Late Republic David B. HOLLANDER That a young Octavian could prevail over several more experienced and prominent men in the struggles of the late 40s and 30s is a testament to the forbidding com­ plexity of late Republican power dynamics. 1 Traditional forms of power - nobil­ ity, wealth, and high office - might suddenly become positive liabilities in the last century of the Republic. The proscriptions make this abund,antly clear: wealth, according to our sources, sealed the fate of many innocent men while their very dignitas hampered the ability of some former magistrates to flee unno­ ticed by bounty hunters (App., B.C. 4.29-30, 40, 48). In contrast, other changes happened so gradually that apparently few noticed them until literally slapped in the face. Lucius Veratius, observing that the fine for assault, established in the Twelve Tables, still remained in force, went around slapping men, accompanied by a slave who immediately gave his victims the requisite 25 asses, now rather meager compensation (Gell. 20.1.12-3). While the power of a slap had presum­ ably changed little in four centuries, the value of the Roman as had diminished substantially. In response, the Romans quickly developed a new means of assessing damages. It is the relationship between money and power in the late Republic that will be explored in this essay. Money demand theory, I will sug­ gest, provides a useful lens for understanding Roman power because power, like money, can take many forms and the 'exchange rates' are rarely fixed. While Roman historians have identified many varieties of power (political, social, legal, gender, economic), they rarely bother to define 'power.' Michael Mann's definition, that 'power is the ability to pursue and attain goals through mastery of one's environment',2 is a good starting point though it implies that only individual actors with specific goals exert power. Even though the focus here is on the power of individuals, it is undoubtedly the case that objects, institutions, and ideas also have power. 3 Working from Mann's definition, it is easy to generate a lengthy list of powers: official and legal forms such as impe­ rium, tribunicia potestas, and patria potestas, social forms such as the ability 1 All dates BC unless otherwise indicated. 2 MANN 1986: 6. 3 HARRIS 2010: 564-78. LAWYERS, FRIENDS, AND MONEY 19 to call upon the assistance of friends, patrons, and clients, and economic forms such as the possession of coins, land, slaves, or credit. Noble ancestry, dignitas, glory, rhetorical skill, and even pearls were forms of power. 4 Valerius Maxim us gives some indication of the power of lies with the story of Sentius Satuminus Vetulo's escape from the triumvirs' proscription (Val. Max. 7.3.9). In contrast to other fugitives who hid in sewers, wells or even dung heaps to escape detection (App., B.C. 4.13, 22), Satuminus disguised himself as a praetor. Accompanied by fake lictors, apparitores, and public slaves, he brazenly made his way to Puetoli and then on to safety in Sicily by seizing carriages, ships, and lodgings along the way. 5 The task of cataloguing all the forms of Roman power is theoretically endless and almost certainly thankless, but the most important forms may be grouped into a few big and partially overlapping categories: state-sanctioned power (the authority of magistrates in the courts, assemblies, and with armies; but also knowledge of the law and the ability to navigate legal and political institutions more generally), social power (influence wielded through patronage, friendship, family, and reputation), and economic power (the ability to bribe, corrupt, or create bonds of dependency and gratitude through gifts or loans). Put simply, if imprecisely, power was lawyers, friends, and money. While the categories are fairly straightforward, the relationships between them became destabilized in the late Republic. Some tools increased in importance while others declined. One of the most interesting changes in the balance of power was the vastly increased value of rhetorical ability beginning in the second century. The earliest indication of this phenomenon is in 161 when the senate told the praetor Marcus Pomponius not to admit rhetoricians and philosophers to Rome (Suet., Rhet. I; cf also Gell. 15.11.1). A few years later came Cameades' famous embassy during which the philosopher's rhetorical ability so disturbed Cato the Elder that he sought to have the visiting Athenian removed from the city as quickly as possible. As Plutarch describes it (Cat. Ma. 22), Cato 'hated the fervor for oratory flowing into the city, fearing lest the young men ... prize the glory of speaking rather than that deriving from deeds and military service.' Rhetoric was a threat to more traditional sources of political power. By the first century, the change was irreversible. Despite a ban on Latin rhetoricians issued by the censors of 92 (Suet., Rhet. 1), rhetoric became a regular part of an upper class Roman education. Even leaders now mostly associated with military power, such as Caesar and Antony, spent time as young men studying in the east under Greek rhetoricians (Suet., Iul. 4; Plu., Ant. 2). Cicero, obviously, is the clearest example of the powerful potential of rhetorical ability in the late Republic. 4 Crc., Brut. 7 likens oratio to arma. According to Pliny the Elder (Nat. 9.114), people called a pearl 'a woman's lictor in public.' 5 Appian tells a similar story of Pomponius (B.C. 4.45) and also mentions two men who disguised themselves as centurions in order to escape (B .C. 4.46). 20 DAVID B. HOLLANDER While his military career was unspectacular, 6 he won friends, clients, students, and high office by virtue of his speaking ability. It is not, of course, that rhetoric had been unimportant prior to the late Republic - Cato the Elder himself owed some of his success to his speaking ability 7 - but its potential had vastly increased. This development stems in part from the establishment of quaes­ tiones perpetuae (permanent criminal courts) in 149 and their expansion by Sulla in 81 (Cic., Brut. 106). The new courts provided an important venue for speakers who were not yet magistrates to display their abilities in public. 8 Cicero began his career in 76 before just such a court speaking in defense of Sextus Roscius (Cic., S. Rose. 1). Another important shift in the balance of power, roughly contemporary with the rise of rhetoric, was the growing importance of the plebeian tribunes in Roman politics. The Gracchi provide the most notable example of this; their reform efforts, made possible by the tribunes' legislative powers, are too well­ known to require any elaboration here. Occasionally forgotten, however, is the fact that the trend started earlier. Tribunes jailed the consuls of 151, L. Licinius Lucullus and A. Postumius Albinus, for their harsh behavior in levying troops for a war in Spain (Liv., Per. 48). C. Curiatius did the same thing to the consuls of 138 (Liv., Per. 55; Cic., Leg. 3.20). Even the violent deaths of the Gracchi brothers did not deter later tribunes from wielding the full power of the tribunate. These tribunes include L. Appuleius Satuminus (103 and 100), C. Servilius Glaucia (101), M. Livius Drusus (91), and P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Nature of Hellenistic Domestic Sculpture in Its Cultural and Spatial Contexts
    THE NATURE OF HELLENISTIC DOMESTIC SCULPTURE IN ITS CULTURAL AND SPATIAL CONTEXTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Craig I. Hardiman, B.Comm., B.A., M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2005 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Mark D. Fullerton, Advisor Dr. Timothy J. McNiven _______________________________ Advisor Dr. Stephen V. Tracy Graduate Program in the History of Art Copyright by Craig I. Hardiman 2005 ABSTRACT This dissertation marks the first synthetic and contextual analysis of domestic sculpture for the whole of the Hellenistic period (323 BCE – 31 BCE). Prior to this study, Hellenistic domestic sculpture had been examined from a broadly literary perspective or had been the focus of smaller regional or site-specific studies. Rather than taking any one approach, this dissertation examines both the literary testimonia and the material record in order to develop as full a picture as possible for the location, function and meaning(s) of these pieces. The study begins with a reconsideration of the literary evidence. The testimonia deal chiefly with the residences of the Hellenistic kings and their conspicuous displays of wealth in the most public rooms in the home, namely courtyards and dining rooms. Following this, the material evidence from the Greek mainland and Asia Minor is considered. The general evidence supports the literary testimonia’s location for these sculptures. In addition, several individual examples offer insights into the sophistication of domestic decorative programs among the Greeks, something usually associated with the Romans.
    [Show full text]
  • Sicilian Landscape As Contested Space in the First Century BC: Three Case Studies
    Sicilian Landscape as Contested Space in the First Century BC: Three Case Studies Dustin Leigh McKenzie BA (Hons), Dip. Lang. A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2018 School of Historical and Philosophical Inquiry ii Abstract Sicily was made the first overseas Roman province between 241 and 212 BC, and became known as the ‘bread-basket’ of the Republic due to the island’s famously fertile farmlands. The island, with its history of pre-Roman conflict, second century slave revolts, and use as a military stronghold in the civil wars of the first century, never dissociated itself from conflict. As such, its construction as a ‘contested space’ was popular in the literature of first-century Rome, employed as a symptomatic topos of the state of Rome – the closer Roman Sicily resembled its pre- annexation state, the greater the perceived threat to the Republic, and vice-versa. This construction of Sicily and its landscape was employed by authors such as Cicero, Diodorus Siculus, and Virgil to great effect, as they engaged with, reinforced, or challenged the major contemporary discourses of imperialism, the impact of civil war, and food security. Cicero’s In Verrem presents its audience with a Sicily that has been purposely constructed to deliver the most damning image of Verres, the infamously corrupt governor of Sicily from 73-71, the most sympathetic and familiar image of the Sicilians, presented as virtuous and stoic farmers, and a Sicily that has been reduced to a war-torn desert under Verres’ rule. Through his construction of Sicily as contested space, Cicero secured his win against Verres in court and demonstrated to his audiences the danger Verres’ actions presented Rome, threatening the stability of the relationship between Sicily and Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fork in the Road: the Catilinarian Conspiracy's Impact
    A Fork in the Road: The Catilinarian Conspiracy‘s Impact on Cicero‘s relationships with Pompey, Crassus` and Caesar Jeffrey Larson History 499: Senior Thesis June 13, 2011 © Jeffrey Larson, 2011 1 But concerning friendship, all, to a man, think the same thing: those who have devoted themselves to public life; those who find their joy in science and philosophy; those who manage their own business free from public cares; and, finally, those who are wholly given up to sensual pleasures — all believe that without friendship life is no life at all. .1 The late Roman Republic was filled with crucial events which shaped not only the political environment of the Republic, but also altered the personal and political relationships of the individuals within that Republic. Four of the most powerful, and most discussed, characters of this time are Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC), Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (106 BC – 48 BC), Marcus Licinius Crassus (c. 115 BC – 53 BC), and Gaius Julius Caesar (c. 100 BC – 44 BC). These men often crossed paths and some even had close friendships with each other. Other than Pompeius, better known as Pompey, all the aforementioned individuals were involved, or reportedly involved, in one event which had profound effects on the personal and political relationships of all four individuals. This event is known as the Catilinarian Conspiracy of 63 BC. The Catilinarian Conspiracy was a pivotal episode in the politics of the Late Roman Republic that damaged both the political and personal relationships of Cicero, Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. Politics in the Roman Republic was dominated by a small number of members of the senatorial class.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero a Study of Gamesmanship in the Late
    CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMANSHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of History California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History by Eugene H. Boyd FALL 2018 © 2018 Eugene H. Boyd ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMAN SHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC A Thesis by Eugene H. Boyd Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Nikolaos Lazaridis, PhD. __________________________________, Second Reader Jeffrey Brodd, PhD. ____________________________ Date iii Student: Eugene H. Boyd I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. __________________________Graduate Coordinator ___________________ Jeffrey Wilson, PhD Date Department of History iv Abstract of CICERO A STUDY OF GAMESMANSHIP IN THE LATE REPUBLIC by Eugene H. Boyd Roman politics during the final decades of the Late Republic was a vicious process of gamesmanship wherein lives of people, their families and friends were at the mercy of the gamesmen. Cicero’s public and political gamesmanship reflects the politics, class and ethnic biases of Roman society and how random events impacted personal insecurities. ______________________ _, Committee Chair Nikolaos Lazaridis, PhD. ____________________________ Date v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The process of obtaining a Master’s degree, I have found, is not an independent, isolated experience. Citing a contemporary adage, “It takes a village.” Truer words have never by spoken. To that end, I would like to recognize in the most warmly and thankful manner, the people in my “village” who helped me through the graduate study program and eventual master’s degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperation and Conflict Between Governor and Poleis in the Verrines
    Cooperation and Conflict between Governor and poleis in the Verrines Pfuntner, L. (2015). Cooperation and Conflict between Governor and poleis in the Verrines. Phoenix, 69(3/4), 355-375. https://doi.org/10.7834/phoenix.69.3-4.0355 Published in: Phoenix Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © The Classical Association of Canada General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:02. Oct. 2021 COOPERATION AND CONFLICT BETWEEN GOVERNOR AND POLEIS IN THE VERRINES Laura Pfuntner i. reading the VERRINES from a sicilian perspective In august 70 b.c., in his first appearance as a prosecutor, Cicero presented his case against Gaius Verres, governor of Sicily from 73 to 71, in the quaestio de repetundis in Rome.1 Cicero did not have the chance to complete his prosecution, however, since Verres abandoned his defense after the first hearing of the case and went into exile in Massilia.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering a Higher Law: Cicero's Creation of a Roman Constitution
    Discovering a Higher Law: Cicero’s Creation of a Roman Constitution A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Andrew James Willey IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Christopher Nappa, adviser March 2015 © Andrew Willey 2015 i Acknowledgements This project has numerous debts, both intellectual and personal. Firstly, I wish to thank the faculty and staff of the Department of Classical and Near Eastern Studies. All were generous with their time and expertise and this dissertation could not have been completed without their support. In addition, this project benefitted materially from the support of the University of Minnesota’s Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship. Within the department, I would like to single out a few exceptional individuals for special thanks, as they have gone above and beyond the call in supporting this project. It was Spencer Cole who inspired me in his graduate seminars to look seriously at Cicero, and who convinced me there was much more yet to be said. George Sheets has shown unflagging support and was my guide to the complex world of Roman law and legal history. I owe great thanks to Nita Krevans both because of her dedicated service as DGS during my years as a student, but even more so for her warm friendship and for convincing me to pursue choral singing again. Christopher Nappa’s wisdom and keen insight throughout the process of writing has proved invaluable time and time again. He has been throughout my graduate career an exemplary teacher, scholar, and mentor. In addition, I owe great thanks to my compatriots in the trenches of the ‘Grad Office,’ in particular Anna Everett and Aaron Beek, Christine Lechelt, Rachael Cullick, Cynthia Hornbeck, Don Burrows, Betsy Warner and so many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero, in Verrem 2.1.53 Ff. 1. Introduction 2. the Content of Cic
    University of Reading Prof. Peter Kruschwitz Department of Classics [email protected] – Ancient World Study Day 2014 – Cicero, In Verrem 2.1.53 ff. 1. Introduction 1.1. Gaius Verres Cf. Jens Bartels’s entry in Brill’s New Pauly: • ~ 115–43 B.C. • Son of the senator C. Verres and (arguably) one Tadia • Largely known from Cicero’s speeches in 70 B.C. • 84 B.C. quaestor to the Marian consul Papirius Carbo • 83 B.C. joined Sulla’s ranks • 80 B.C. Legate to Cn Cornelius Dolabella, proconsul of Cilicia • [75 B.C. Cicero quaestor in Sicily] • 74 B.C. praetor urbanus • 73–71 B.C. propraetor (~ provincial governor) of Sicily (i.e. during the Third Servile war [Spartacus!]) • 70 B.C. trial, then exile in Massilia (Marseille) • 43 B.C. proscribed by Mark Antony, killed subsequently 1.2. Cicero’s Speeches Against Verres • Against Q. Caecilius – claiming the prosecution for himself • In Verrem I – Accusation, discussing the danger for the senatorial jury to lose face if they came to the wrong conclusions, deviating from the established procedure of a speech duel by introducing witnesses at this point. This was to avoid a scenario in which the defence were given the opportunity to drag out the process on end • (Verres gives up – unclear whether or not a speech in his defence was given by Hortensius, Cicero’s opponent, at the time; cf. Alexander, Hortensius' speech [in bibliography]) • Cicero subsequently publishes the Actio Secunda (In Verrem II) in five books, in which he has collected and arranged the list of Verres’ misdeeds 2.
    [Show full text]
  • “Roman”: Creating Identity in an Expanding World by Claudia I. Arno
    How Romans Became “Roman”: Creating Identity in an Expanding World by Claudia I. Arno A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor David S. Potter, Co-Chair Professor Nicola Terrenato, Co-Chair Professor Bruce W. Frier Professor Raymond H. Van Dam © Claudia I. Arno 2012 To my family and friends, whose support is invaluable. ii Acknowledgements I owe a great many individuals and institutions thanks for their support and assistance during the years I have been researching and writing this dissertation. I would first like to thank the University of Michigan Interdepartment Program in Greek and Roman History, which promotes the interdisciplinary study of Classics and History, and with which I am very proud to be associated. I am also grateful to the University of Michigan History and Classics Departments, whose cooperation makes IPGRH possible. I would especially like to thank my graduate colleagues in IPGRH, Classics, and History, who have made my graduate experience so enjoyable and rewarding. The staffs at the Univeristy of Michigan and UCLA libraries, as well as the UCLA History Department, and in particular Professor David Phillips, were critical in helping me obtain access to research materials while I was living in Michigan, Los Angeles, and Boston. I would also like to express my deep admiration for Dr. Susan Lipshutz, who I unfortunately never had the opportunity to meet, but whose devotion to the success of women in academia inspired the creation of an award fund from which I received valuable support.
    [Show full text]
  • Cricat-3.4.1 Gamebook.Pages
    THE CRISIS OF CATILINE ROME, 63 BCE GAME BOOKLET Bret Mulligan VERSION 3.4.3 (August 2017) THIS MANUSCRIPT IS CURRENTLY IN DEVELOPMENT AS PART OF THE “REACTING TO THE PAST” INITIATIVE OFFERED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF BARNARD COLLEGE. Reacting to the Past™ and its materials are copyrighted. Instructors seeking to reproduce these materials for educational purposes must request permission via email to [email protected] and [email protected]. Permission requests should indicate the following: (1) Name of Instructor, Institution, and Course in which the materials will be used; (2) Number of copies to be reproduced; and (3) If the printed booklets will be distributed to students at no cost or at cost. For additional information about the “Reacting to the Past” Series, please visit http:// barnard.edu/reacting. Table of Contents Introduction 1 The Necessity of Action 2 Rome in 63 BCE 3 A Tense Night in Rome (Historical Vignette) 4 How to React to the Past 11 Your Speech 15 Historical Context 19 The Growth of Rome and its Empire 19 Rome’s Empire in the First Century BCE 22 The Crises of the Republic 24 A Note on the Crisis of 64-63 BCE 34 Roles & Factions 35 Roles by Faction 37 Non-Voting Roles 37 Album Senatorum 38 Public Biographies 39 Rules & Traditions of the Roman Senate 45 Special Actions and Gambits 48 Map of Roman Italy 51 List of Primary Sources 52 Cicero — First Oration Against Catiline (In Catilinam I) 54 Appendix 1: Glossary of Roman Terms 61 Appendix 2: History of the Senatus Consultum Ultimum 63 Appendix 3: Roman Virtues 65 Appendix 4: Sample Speech (Capito’s Full Speech from “A Tense Night”) 68 Acknowledgements 72 !1 It is the year when Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius Hybrida are consuls.
    [Show full text]
  • The Verrines: Cicero's Masterful Prosecution, Hortensius
    The Verrines : Cicero’s Masterful Prosecution, Hortensius’ Hypothetical Defence, and the False Conclusions of Grain Production Models Matthew Sibley A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. 30 September 2009 ii Abstract This thesis addresses issues concerning Cicero’s prosecution of Verres over the course of three chapters. The first chapter examines the case and clarifies what actually happened at the trial, what form of defence Hortensius raised, and why Cicero was so successful at overcoming his opposition’s ploys. As Cicero had modified the trial’s format, and Verres had fled from Rome before it had concluded, modern scholarship has not established the details of the trial clearly. The second chapter analyses the case from the perspective of the defence, putting forward the most likely arguments Hortensius would have considered. These are formed from anecdotes in the Verrines , Cicero’s defence speeches, and the recommendations of the rhetorical handbooks. By taking each probable argument in turn, Cicero’s prosecution is shown to negate their effectiveness in advance. Although this chapter can extend no further than the hypothetical realm, it illustrates that Cicero carefully crafted his prosecution to counteract any defence. This implies that rhetorical brilliance was at work in his performance, a proposition at odds to scholarship’s tendency to attribute his success solely to his overwhelming evidentiary advantage. The final chapter utilises the scepticism in Cicero’s reliability that the first two chapters have developed, and focuses on the analyses of economic scholars. The De Frumento is a central source in studies of Roman grain production, yet has received little critical analysis from rhetorical scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2011-03-11 From Obsurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic Dustin Wade Simmons Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Classics Commons, and the Comparative Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Simmons, Dustin Wade, "From Obsurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic" (2011). Theses and Dissertations. 2503. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2503 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. From Obscurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic Dustin Wade Simmons A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Cecilia M. Peek, chair Eric D. Huntsman Roger T. Macfarlane Department of Humanities, Classics, Comparative Literature Brigham Young University April 2011 Copyright © 2011 Dustin Wade Simmons All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT From Obscurity to Fame and Back Again: The Caecilii Metelli in the Roman Republic Dustin Wade Simmons Department of Humanities, Classics, Comparative Literature, BYU Master of Arts The house of the Caecilii Metelli was one of ancient Rome’s most prestigious yet overshadowed plebeian families. Replete with dynamic orators, successful generals, and charismatic women, the Caecilii Metelli lived during the period of Rome’s great expansion.
    [Show full text]
  • Brill's Companion to Cicero
    BRILL’S COMPANION TO CICERO This page intentionally left blank May.vw.c 30-07-2002 10:22 Pagina 3 BRILL’S COMPANION TO CICERO Oratory and Rhetoric EDITED BY JAMES M. MAY BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON • KÖLN 2002 May.vw.c 30-07-2002 10:22 Pagina 4 The illumination on the cover of this book is from a fifteenth-century edition of Cicero’s orationes (Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, MS Plut. 48.8, c. 2r). Reproduced with permission from the Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali. This book is printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brill´s companion to Cicero : oratory and rhetoric / edited by James M. May p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9004121471 1Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Speeches. 2. Speeches, addresses, etc., Latin—History and criticism. 3. Rome—History—Republic, 265-30 B.C.—Sources. 4.Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Rhetorical works. 5. Rhetoric, Ancient. I. May, James M. PA6285 .B75 2002 875’.01—dc21 2002066555 Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Brill’s companion to Cicero : oratory and rhetoric / ed. by James M. May. – Leiden ; Boston ; Köln : Brill, 2002 ISBN 90-04-12147-1 ISBN 90 04 12147 1 © Copyright 2002 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA.
    [Show full text]