March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7591 to the unborn, the m, the aged, or the in and investigations authorized by House Reso By Mrs. HANSEN of Washington: capacitated; to the Committee on the Judi lution 256; to the Committee on House Ad H.R. 5564. A bill to incorporate in the ciary. ministration. District of Columbia the American Ex-Pris By Mr. EDWARDS of California: By Mr. PODELL: oners of War; to the Committee on the Dis H.J. Res. 424. Joint resolution proposing H. Res. 300. Resolution authorizing and trict of Columbia. an amendment to the Constitution of the directing the Committee on the Judiciary By Mr. JOHNSON of Pennsylvania: United States providing that the term of to conduct an investigation and study of H.R. 5565. A blll for the relief of Comdr. office of Members of the U.S. House of Rep the conduct and pTactices of the U.S. Depart Howard A. Weltner, U.S. Naval Reserve; to resentatives shall be 4 years; to the Com ment of Justice and the Federal judiciary the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. with respect to grand jury investigations; By Mr. LEHMAN: By Mr. MARAZITI (for himself, Mr. to the Committee on Rules. H.R. 5566. A bill for the relief of Harry PETI'IS, Mr. CoLLIER, Mr. WoN PAT, By Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey: Slutsky and Lillian Slutsky; to the Com Mr. VEYSEY, and Mr. RoY): H. Res. 301. Resolution providing funds for Inittee on the Judiciary. H.J. Res. 425. Joint resolution designating the Committee on Rules; to the Committee H.R. 5567. A bill for the relief of Marta a "National Day of Recognition and Prayer" on House Administration. Leocada Gamboa Suarez; to the Committee to honor those Americans kllled in the Viet H. Res. 302. Resolution to provide funds on the Judiciary. nam conflict; to the Committee on the for the expenses of the investigation and By Mr. LENT: Judiciary. study authorized by House Resolution 72; to H.R. 5568. A blll for the relief of Mauro By Mr. SMITH of New York: the Committee on House Administration. Zaino, his wife, Maria. Zaino, and their H.J. Res. 426. Joint resolution requesting H. Res. 303. Resolution to provide funds daughter, Carmela Zaino; to the Committee the President to issue a proclamation desig for the expenses of the investigation and on the Judiciary. nating the week of April 23, 1973, as "Nico study authorized by House Resolution 182; By Mr. McKINNEY: laus Copernicus Week" marking the quin to the Committee on House Administration. H.R. 5569. A bill for the relief of Iolanda quecentennia.l of his birth; to the Commit H. Res. 304. Resolution to provide funds C. Masotta; to the Committee on the Judi tee on the Judiciary. for the expenses of the investigations and ciary. By Mr. WHITEHURST: studies authorized by House Resolution 163; H.R. 5570. A bill for the relief of James H.J. Res. 427. Joint resolution proposing to the Committee on House Administration. Vincent Melia, his wife Eugenia Melia, and an amendment to the Constitution of the their children, Serafina. Melia, Rocco Fer United States; to the Committee on the nando Mella, and Neola Melia; to the Com Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. By Mr. KOCH (for himself and Mr. MEMORIALS H.R. 5571. A bill for the relief of Michel BINGHAM): angelo Morelli; to the Committee on the H. Con. Res. 151. COncurrent resolution Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memo Judiciary. expressing the sense of the COngress with rials were presented and referred as fol By Mr. MITCHELL of New York: respect to the treatment of Jews in Iraq lows: H.R. 5572. A bill relating to the date on and Syria; to the Committee on Foreign 81. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the which the Glove Manufacturers Pension Mairs. Legislature of the State of New York, rela Trust is deemed to have qualified for pur By Mr. DIGGS: tive to the treatment of Soviet Jews and poses of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954; H. Res. 293. Resolution to provide funds the granting of most-favored-nation status to the Committee on the Judiciary. for the expenses of the investigations and to the U.S.S.R.; to the COmmittee on Foreign studies authorized by House Resolution 162; Mairs. to the Committee on House Administration. 82. Also, memorial of the Legislature of By Mr. FRASER (for himself, Mr. the Commonwealth of Virginia, requesting PETITIONS, ETC. BIESTER, Mr. BURKE of Florida, Mr. Congress to propose an amendment to the FOLEY, Mr. REm, and Mr. WINN): Constitution of the United States relating to Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions H. Res. 296. Resolution on U.S. oceans tenure of Federal justices and judges; to the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk policy at the Law of the Sea Conference; to Committee on the Judiciary. and referred as follows: the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 61. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Com By Mr. KEATING: mon COuncil, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., relative to H. Res. 297. Resolution to provide for an funding of the rehab111tation loan program investigation by the Committee on House PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS under section 312 of the Housing Act; to the Administration of an alarm system for the 1 XXII, Committee on Banking and Currency. Capitol Building and Congressional office Under clause of rule private 62. Also, petition of James E. Steele, et al., buildings; to the Committee on Rules. bills and resolutions were introduced and Huntsville, Ala., relative to protection for By Mr. KOCH: severally referred as follows: law enforcement officers sued for damages in H. Res. 298. Resolution creating a select By Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia (by re Federal court resulting from the performance committee to conduct an investigation and quest): of their duties; to the Committee on the study on Indian Affairs; to the- COmmittee H.R. 5562. A b111 for the relief of David B. Judiciary. on Rules. Smith; to the COmmittee on the Judiciary. 63. Also, petition of Jerry Heft, Leaven By Mr. PEPPER: By Mr. FISHER: worth, Kans., relative to conditions in the H. Res. 299. Resolution to provide funds H.R. 5563. A bill for the relief of Isaac Leavenworth Penitentiary; to the Commit for the Select Committee on Crime for studies Salinas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tee on the Judiciary.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS
JAMES I. LOEB COMMENTS ON THE unreality and even inequity in the way JAMES I. LoEB COMMENTS MANSFIELD-AIKEN AMENDMENT we have been nominating our presiden Perhaps the most significant aspect of the TO THE CONSTITUTION tial candidates, the Mansfield-Aiken pro proposal made last year by Senators Mans posal received wide and largely favor field and Aiken for a Constitutional Amend able attention. But, so far as I know, ment providing for a national presidential HON. RICHARD BOLLING nothing much has happened with the primary is that it is bi-partisan. OF :MISSOURI proposal since its introduction, probably Since the one-sided results of the presi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dential election became clear early in the because we were all so occupied with the evening of November 7th last, the Democrats Tuesday, March 13, 1973 1972 nomination and election process. have been licking their wounds while the Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, on March Recently I asked an old friend, James Republicans have been licking their chops. 13, 1972, just 1 year ago today, Senator I. Loeb, who has long been a student of But if the Republicans enjoyed the plight of American politics, to give me his in the Democrats last November, they should MANsFIELD, on behalf of himself and Sen ator AIKEN, introduced in the Senate, formal views on the Mansfield-Aiken pro be foresighted enough to realize that they Senate Joint Resolution 215, "proposing posal. Jim Loeb has been a newspaper will be 1n the same rocky boat in 1976 since publisher and editor, a political activist, neither party will have an incumbent Presi an amendment to the Constitution of the dent eligible to succeed himself. United States relating to the nomination a White House consultant, and a diplo Furthermore, and rather ironically, the of individuals for election to the offices mat, having served as U.S. Ambassador new state laws establishing more primaries of the President and Vice President of to Peru and then to Guinea. I think his and new regulations in the nonprtmary states the United States." The amendment calls memorandum contains some ideas that wUl affect Republicans as well as Democrats, for a national presidential primary. Be are not only interesting, but constructive even if all the speci.flc party rules do not. cause so many of us have had a feeling of and realistic. It follows: Hence both parties should be equally inter- 7592 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 ested in reassessing &nd reconsidering the The 1972 system could encourage polariza amendment is deemed to be required con nominating process as it has now developed. tion within both major parties, and thus even stitutionally, I would urge that it be brief Some Democrats will be convinced that greater polarization in the election itself. If and that it merely grant to the Congress the 1972 was just a mistake and that Sen. Edward this should happen, the republic could be right and the obligation to establish laws Kennedy will unite their party in 1976, so in serious danger. governing the national nominating proce that no time should be wasted in discussions In seeking a solution to the problem, it dures for the President of the United States. as to the past and possible changes for the should be understood that, in many funda The other specific provisions in Mansfield future. Such thinking hardly does justice mental respects, there is no going back to Aiken would then be set forth in an act or to the statesmanship of Senator Kennedy what once was and no longer is. There is acts of the Congress. who would surely be the first to insist that no possible way to limit the number of pri (2) Mansfield-Aiken calls for nomination the political process should not depend on maries in the several states. On the contrary, in a national primary "by direct popular any one man in any one set of circumstances. the inevitable tendency wm be for the num vote.'' This proposal seems to me to be symp Before commenting on the specifics of ber of primaries to increase rather than di tomatic of the mathematical approach to the Mansfield-Aiken, I would offer a fundamental minish, since a primary is the easiest way problem rather than a consideration of the thesis and I offer it without in any way im out for any governor or any state legisla political realities. It fails to take into account pugning the motives of the leadership or ture, with the added inducement of great the regionalism that exists, and is likely to the membership of the McGovern-Fraser national publicity and an increase in the continue to exist, in this large nation. Under Commission:' To put it briefly, in 1972 the tourist business (in the off-season in most Mansfield-Aiken, a regional candidate could presidential nominating system was so dras states). get, say, 80% of the vote from his own re tically changed in degree that it was funda In offering some reserved approval of the gion and become the nominee of his party mentally changed in essence. national primary idea, I am compelled to while a half dozen or more candidates were Many of the changes, however well moti eat a generous portion of crow. More than dividing the votes in the other regions. If vated and theoretically sound, were conceived twenty years ago I served-briefly and un the contest were limited to two candidates, in terms of mathematics and abstract con importantly--on the White House staff as this danger would either be eliminated or cepts rather than in terms of the realistic a consultant to Charles S. Murphy, Presi enormously diminished but a two candidate dynamics of American politics. Two aspects dent Truman's Counsel. During that period national primary seems highly unlikely. of the American political reality which were I wrote a brilliant (sic!) memorandum giv It would be far preferable to count the overlooked were: ( 1) the sheer size of the ing all the arguments against the national results of the popular votes by states, as we United States of America and (2) the re primary idea then being espoused by the late do in the election itself, using the electoral gionaUsm of American politics. In testimony Sen. Estes Kefauver. I would still accept the votes assigned now to each state as the basis before the McGovern Commission at its first 1952 primary system. But the overriding point of the result. That would limit the regional hearing in Washington I warned that we is: there is no going back! impact of any one candidate to the regions were in danger of developing a perfect The one aspect of Mansfield-Aiken which and states in which he has voting strength, nominating process for Denmark, a small deserves the greatest support is that it as it should, indeed as it must. This would in homogeneous country with no major regional standardizes the procedures in the several no way limit the power of the national com problems. (This may be recorded as the first states. If there is one field in which it mittees of the parties to decide the size of prophecy to be justified by events in a long would seem that states' rights have no rele the conventions by allocating two or more life of political prophecies!) vance at all, it is in the field of the nomi delegates for each electoral vote, or to al '... "'here is no point in justifying the primary nation and the election of the President of locate additional delegates to the several system by what happened before 1972. It was the United States. After all, the Republi states depending on whatever factors each a different system, entirely. A system which cans and Democrats of California, New York party would want to consider (such as the involves a dozen or so primaries of which and Wyoming are not nominating candidates voting pattern in the previous presidential only three or four are meaningful, with the for President of the USA. Now that the Su election). others called "beauty contests" to which no preme Court has ruled on the rights of (3) Mansfield-Aiken says nothing about one paid much attention, is not at all to be the citizens with respect to the election of the selection of delegates to the national equated with the 1972 system of some 23 Congressmen and even of state and county conventions of the parties. I would urge that primaries, all of them meaningful, plus new legislators, it is high time that similar stand the candidates be responsible for the selec laws and party regulations in the non-pri ards be applied to the process by which we tion of the delegates in the several states. mary states which made the selection-process choose our presidential candidates. In other words, 1f a candidate receives 35% for delegates meaningful there as well. How ridiculous it is to depend on the of the primary vote in Iowa, he should be In addition, whether by happenstance or whims of 50 state legislatures for the basic entitled to 35% of the delegates from that otherwise, the 1972 primaries were multi decisions leading to the nomination of our state. He should have the right to choose candidate affairs while in the recent past, presidential candidates! Suppose the legis his delegates as he wishes. He could either with a few notable exceptions, we had be latures of New York and California should name them himself or have them chosen by come accustomed to two-candidate primaries. decide to hold their primaries on the sec a caucus of his supporters in the state. The (In 1968, Johnson and McCarthy in New ond Tuesday of January of the presidential major point is that the candidate should be Hampshtre and Wisconsin, McCarthy and year! What, then, would happen to the pri responsible 1m.d accountable for the selection. Robert Kennedy in the others; in 1964, prin maries in the other states? Why should some A major dividend of this system is that it cipally Goldwater and Rockefeller among the states permit winner-take-all primaries might well resolve the tough problem of the Republicans; in 1960, Kennedy and Hum while other states, because they provide for so-called quota system which now exists in phrey, with no serious contests among the proportional representation, have far less Republicans; in 1956, Stevenson and Kefau the Democratic rules (although a footnote impact on the final solution? Why should in the McGovern Commission report specifi ver; in 1952, Eisenhower and Taft among the the states be able to "jockey for position" in cally excludes quotas as such). Even those Republicans with no serious primaries among terms of the dates of their primaries? The the Democrats, except perhaps Kefauver's of us who have consistently sought to national standardization required by Mans achieve the fullest representation for minor defeat of President Truman tn New Hamp field-Aiken is essential if equity is to be ities, for women and for the young, are shire.) The multi-candidate primaries this achieved. past year were very different. with pluralities bothered by the inherent conflict between winning in most States. In only one State Mansfield-Aiken is also sound and rea the quota system and the democratic proc did Senator McGovern win a clear majority, sonable, it seems to me, in its requirements ess. For examp~e. there is no reason to insist, with 52% in Massachusetts. (He had just (in Section 3) that an adequate number of by party regulation or by law, that a racist about 50% in Oregon with little opposition.) signatures be essential for candidates to be candidate be represented at a national con It is submitted that multi-candidate pri placed on the national primary ballet. vention by blacks, or that an antifeminist maries without run-offs tends to produce But in a number of very significant re candidate be required to be represented by candidates representing a minority view spects, I would hope that Senators Mans a delegation with roughly 50% women mem point, and anyone who would be so bold as field and Aiken and their supporters in both bers. If the candidate himself is accountable to propose 23 primaries to be followed by 23 Houses of the Congress would give serious for the delegates who represent him, he will run-offs would risk homicide. thought to a rather fundamental reconsider see to it that they reflect his views in terms In other words, the 1972 system, combin ation of the proposed amendment. of minority representation. If they do not ing a multitude of separate multi-candidate ( 1) If it were constitutionally possible to include su1ficient minority representation, primaries without run-offs and a series of adopt a national system by a simple act of the candidate wlll pay the price politically. meaningful contests in non-primary states, Congress, 1.t would seem to be far preferable This is as it should be, and it would elimi has the tendency to produce minority can to an amendment to the Constitution. It 1s nate the challenges made on the basis of didates. The other side of this coin is that not so much that an amendment is difficult mathematics. The real challenge, both at the the candidates who seek to unite the party to be passed by the Congress and by the national conventions and in the November are handicapped in the present system. In states but rather that it is equally difficult elections, is the political challenge. deed, 1f Governor Wallace had understood to change, once passed. After all, we are (4) Mansfield-Aiken would require only a the possibilities of the new system as well dealing with one of the most sensitive and plurality of 40% of the national vote to nom as Senator McGovern and his advisers did, significant aspects of our governmental inate a candidate. This not only opens up Wallace might have come to the Democratic structure, the nomination of its top leader the possibility of nominating a candidate Convention with far greater strength that ship. No one is wise enough to have the who represents only a minority of his party, he did. Absolute Truth in this elusive field. If an but it increases the dangers of nominating a March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7593 predominantly regional candidate as indi 1968, with wide television coverage. Further exemplifies the tremer.J.ous progress of cated above. I would urge that a majority more, he had easlly the best and most wide optometric educatioP. in the last decade. be required for nomination as the candidate spread organization of any of the candidates, A Federal grant of almost $2 million of each party. with college students and liberal activists has supported th!s construction effort at (5) A major suggestion for changing the working for him in every state. This organi Fullerton. Such support has made possi Mansfield-Aiken proposal has to do with the zation would have counted hea.vlly in a na run-off election in the event that no candi tional primary. Adlai Stevenson was far less ble the increase in needed professional date receives 40% (or even 50%) of the votes. well known in early 1952. Finally, it is fair facilities. Continued support for students A national run-off is admittedly a cumber to raise the question as to whether a nomi entering the professional health care some procedure. It lengthens the nominating nating process for the Presidency should be field may also be required as a necessary process, and in Mansfield-Aiken by 28 days, geared to the possible nomination of a rela followthrough. which means a new campaign of four weeks. tively unknown candidate. And it serves to diminish, almost to the If, as Senators Mansfield and Aiken clearly point of eliminating, the importance of the believe, along with mlllions of Americans of national conventions which, for better or all political convictions, the present catch THE S:ADDENING CELEBRATION worse, are the only occasions during a four as-catch-can nominating system is danger year period when the several parties become, ously unjust and unrepresentative, there is if only for a few days, national parties rather still time, but barely, to make essential than confederations of state fiefdoms. changes before 1976. Especially is time of the HON. JEROME R. WALDIE I would urge the elimination of the run essence if any form of constitutional amend OF CALIFORNIA ment is involved. off and I would propose that the final deci IN THE HOUS~ OF REPRESENTATIVES sion of the nominating process be made by It would seem highly appropriate that the the national conventions. If a candidate were United States demonstrate that it has come Tuesday, March 13, 1973 to win 50% or a majority of the delegates in of age politically by starting its third cen tury as a nation with the inauguration of a ~. VVALDIE.Mr.Speaker,perhapsbe the national primary, he would obviously be cause the columns of Art Hoppe are so assured of the nomination before the con reasonable and equitable method of nomi vention takes place. The convention would, nating our presidential candidates. regularly humorous and entertaining, it then, ratify his nomination, nominate a vice is overlooked that he can also be one of presidential candidate, adopt a platform, and the most gifted, sensitive, and movingly launch the campaign. If, on the other hand, serious writers around. no candidate obtained a majority of the dele SAVE YOUR VISION WEEK Mr. Hoppe perhaps writes only one or gates, the issue would be decided by the con two such "serious" pieces a year, or less. vention. When he does, it is well worth our time It will be charged that this system would make for "wheeling and dealing" among the HON. DEL CLAWSON to note it. candidates. But that is merely a pejorative OF CALIFORNIA There is little I could say by way of term for politics, especially for coalition IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES introduction or description of a recent politics. The two-party system is dependent column by~. Hoppe entitled, "The Sad on coalition politics. Indeed, it would take a Tuesday, March 13, 1973 dening Celebration," which appeared in courageous soul who would dare to insist that Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, this the San Francisco Chronicle last Feb "wheeling and dealing" 1s unknown in the year Save Your Vision Week, pro ruary 14 . . primary system as it has been in the past, claimed by the President as the week of The eloquence and sincerity of the col and especially as it was in 1972. (6) A relatively minor but nonetheless March 4-10, came at a most appropriate umn speak for themselves, and I find it significant deta.U in Mansfield-Aiken has to time for the Congress. We are consider best to offer it in the same spirit in do with the date of the proposed national ing a host of health proposals, many of which I myself concluded reading it, primary, the first Tuesday after the first which could in time change the face of which was in silence. Monday in August. This date is subject to the the Nation's health care system. The column follows: legitimate criticism that it comes during the Vision is, of course, a vital part of the THE SADDENING CELEBRATION summer vacation season when many families Nation's health. In addition to their daily are discombobulated in one way or another. (By Arthur Hoppe) Conventions, which involve upwards of 3,000 contributions in this area, the primary For the past week the front pages have active partisans, can be conveniently held in eye care practitioners, the optometrists carried little else but the story of our re August but the holding of primaries at this of the Nation, have for 47 years sup turning prisoners of war. time would involve, hopefully, many mlllions ported Save Your Vision Week in a Each day, I've glanced at the pictures of of voters, the vast majority of whom would massive effort to educate the public to grinning young men and tearfully happy be far from political activists. I would sug the necessity of good eye care. The qual wives. And I've turned the page. gest a. non-summer date, perhaps, at the ity of the individual's vision affects his I don't want to read about it. "Hero's latest. the first Tuesday after the first Mon learning abilities, his work, his personal Welcome for Freed POWs," the headline says. day in June. I don't want to watch as the tiny figure on (7) Finally, whenever there is a discussion and emotional development. the television screen waves joyously from of a national primary, there is a. discussion As the Congressman from California's the steps of the airplane and then, through of finances. While it would be hard to 23d District, I am proud of the develop the electronic magic of Instant Re-Play, imagine the expenditure of more money than ment of the new campus of the Southern waves joyously once again. was required in th~ 1972 primaries (almost California College of Optometry. New fa I know this is the one happy moment of completely limited, of course, to the one cilities are under construction at Fuller this long and ugly war. I know this is as party in which there were major contests) , ton; the first class will matriculate there close to a victory celebration as we'll ever the issue should be del\lt with in the legis have. lation. I claim no expertise in this field but in September of this year. the 6.85-acre Yet I can't bring myself to share in the I would think that the legislation could site is located within a 100-mile radius mood of national jubilation. I only feel sad. require some free television and radio time of 35 colleges and universities which are Partly, it is the 500 or so young men them for all qualified candidates, hopefully Fed expected to provide a majority of the selves. I'm glad they're finally coming home. eral funds for the candidates, and limitations new students at SCCO. I try to imagine what it would be like to on the amounts that could be expended. Dr. Richard L. Hopping, an outstand spend eight years in a foreign prison camp. The general argument against any form ing optometrist from Dayton, Ohio, and The poor bastards! of national primary will be made that it Yet it was we who sent them over there favors well known candidates and does not past president of the American Opto to be captured and confined. It was we who . give the lesser known candidates an oppor metric Associa~tion, has assumed the du sent them to fight this long and ugly war tunity to bulld their strength gradually, as ties as president of this fine segment of because we could find no way out of the Senator McGovern did in 1972. Whatever the Nation's health professional training mess without admitting we were wrong. one's party affiliation or political preference complex. Established in 1904 as the Los They are living evidence of our gullt. They in 1972, it must be said that George Mc Angeles College of Optometry, this in are, in a way, us. For we were all, as the Govern waged a gallant battle against enor stitution has already played a significant peace pamphlets used to say, prisoners of mous odds. Nevertheless, I find it strange role in meeting optometric manpower the war. that he should have been considered an un needs in California, as well as other And their happiness now is in direct ratio known, even at the beglnnlng of hls pri- Southwestern States. to the agony we put them through. Maybe mary campaign. After all, he had been a. U.S. this is true for the nation as a whole. Maybe senator for 10 years and a very distinguished The new facilities provide space for an this is the cause of our jubllation now. So senator who had taken the leadership on enrollment increase exceeding 50 per when I see the joy in their faces that their the Vietnam issue over the past several years. cent, in answer to the mounting vision agony is over, I turn the page. I flick off the He had even been a. presidential candidate 1n needs of th'e public. The entire campus set. I only feel sad. CXIX--479-Part 6 7594 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 The President has asked us to offer "a industry; yet these regulations are not embarked upon a vast program to curb pol prayer of thanks for an who have borne implemented here in the Capitol Build lution and waste, and to save the waters this battle." When he says that I don't think ing and the congressional office buildings. and the son for future genera.tions--a pro of our 500 prisoners. I think of those who bore gram which Mr. NiXon's new federalism is far worse in this battle. But they are dead. We in the Congress should be setting the prepared to frustrate. Ask conservationists More than a mUlion of them. I can't thank example. whether they can rely on the states, or on them for dying. The poor bastards I I only Today, I am reintroducing the bill and voluntary action, to resist giant on, tim feel sad. hope that the House Administration ber, coal and mineral interests for the ful The President says we must "resolve anew Committee will take action before we are fillment of their fiduciary obligations to to be worthy of the sacrifices they have forced to move by a tragedy. future generations. made." The sacrifices for what? The map of It is the national government, not the Vietnam is unchanged. The Viet Cong stm voluntarism of the American Medical Asso hold their enclaves. A dictator stm rules in ciation that finally brought about social se Saigon. More than 145,000 North Vietnamese curity and medicare-just as in Britain, troops stm remain in the south. THE OLD, THE POOR, THE France, Scandinavia and Germany it was A decade of sacrifices. A mnUon lives, a UNEMPLOYED government, not private interests, that estab bnllon dollars, our own country torn apart. lished socialized medicine. It is the national Yet nothing has changed. And I am asked government, not states or private enterprise to feel worthy of this. I only feel sad. HON. JOHN E. MOSS (which did their best to kill it) that finally But that is only part of it. It is mostly, OF CALIFORNIA provided social security for the victims of our I think, that I begrudge this long and ugly IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES economic system. Ask the old, the poor, the war even this one happy moment. unemployed, the "perishing classes of so Its very ugliness and pointlessness, I had Tuesday, March 13, 1973 ciety" whether they wish to go back to the come to feel, was its only virtue. After a voluntarism of private charity or the hap decade of this ugly and pointless war, the Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, in an age hazard of local welfare. country had come to look upon it with when we are told that volunteerism and It is the national government, through revulsion. And I had hope that this revul local responsibility can deal effectively national courts, which has imposed "due sion would extend to any future war our with national and world problems, I feel process of law" on local police authorities, leaders might want to embroil us in as that this article by Henry Steele Com and on the almost arbitrary standards of they play their game of global strategy. mager should be read and pondered by many states. We have only to compare the But how quickly we forget. all. I insert in the RECORD the following administration of justice and of prisons in The President talks now of the "selfless local and federal jurisdi~tions to realize that ness" of our cause, of "peace with honor," New York Times' article, "The Old, the many of the values of voluntarism and local of noble "sacrifices." And now the nation's Poor, the Unemployed": ism are sentimental rather than real. mood is one of jubnation as we celebrate THE OLD, THE POOR, THE UNEMPLOYED It is the national government, not the what is fast becoming a famous victory in (By Henry Steele Commager) local, which through its almost limitless re glorious battle. AMHERsT, MAss.-The object of President sources has finally acted to ameliorate the So I glance away from the happy faces Nixon's "new federalism" (which is neither awful inequalities on public education at all of these 500 young men. They are the sym new nor federalism) is to balance the budget, levels. And it is the national government bols of this war. We should never have sent dismantle ineffective social services, and to which has, in recent years, given vigorous them over there. Now at last we have them provide more money for the mllitary. It is support to the arts, music, libraries, higher back. They are the only fruits of our victory. submitted to the people not in this bald education and research in every part of the And yet the nation celebrates. fashion, however, but as a reduction in Big country. How quickly we forget. Government, and a return to localism and Now these and many other achievements of And that, I think, is perhaps the saddest voluntarism, that is to "grass roots" democ nationalism in the arena of health, welfare, thing of all. racy. The notion that voluntarism and local conservation, economic equality, and justice authorities can deal effectively with the na are not to be explained on some theory that tional and global problems which crowd those who work for the nation are more com FIRE IN THE HOUSE about us is without support in logic or his passionate than those who work on the local tory, and is dangerous to the well being of level. The explanation is at once more simple the Republic. and more practical; namely that as the prob The fact is that for a century and a half lems we face are inescapably national, they HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING almost every major reform in our political cannot be solved by local or voluntary action. OF OHIO and social system has come about through Pollution ls a national problem, no one state IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the agency of the national government and can clean up the Mississippi River or the over the opposition of powerful vested in Great Lakes, regulate strip mining, or cleanse Tuesday, March 13, 1973 terests, states and local communities. the air. Civll rights, medical and hospital care, drugs and mental health and crime, the Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker what It is the national government that freed the slaves, not the states or the people of urban blight, education, unemployment- would happen if a fire would break out at these are not local but national in impact, this moment in the Capitol or one of the the South, and there is no reason to suppose that these would ever have done so volun and they will yield only to national programs office buildings? The fact is no one here tarlly. It is the national government that of welfare and social justice. All of them are knows any of the fire signals or pro gave blacks the vote, guaranteed them poUt as national as defense, and all as essential to cedures, because there are none. leal and civil rights, and finally-in the face the well being of the nation, and not even Mter the tragic bombing of the Capitol of adamantine hostllity from Southern states Mr. Nixon or Secretary of Defense Richard 2 years ago, I introduced legislation di and bitter resentment from local communi son has proposed a return to the militia sys ties, provided some measure of social equal tem, though that would be logical enough in recting the House Administration Com the light of their phnosophy. mittee to study the problem and inform ity, legal justice and political rights for those who had been fobbed off with second Only the national government has the con the Members of the House, their staffs, stitutional authority, the financial resources, class citizenship. Ask the blacks if they employees of the House, and visitors of could have "overcome" through voluntarism. the administrative talent and the statesman evacuation and fire procedures. ship to deal with these problems on a na It is the national government which fi tional scale. I am reintroducing the resolution to nally gave the suffrage to women and which, day. in the past decade, has so greatly expanded The Nixon-Richardson program is not a philosophy, it is an escape from philosophy; the area of woman's rights. It ls the national Through the legislative bell system we it is not a program, it is the fragmentation know what to do for a vote, or quorum government, too, which extended the su1l'rage of a. program. call, or civil defense attack; but we do to those over eighteen. And it is the federal courts that imposed a one-man, one-vote not know what to do if there is a need rule on reluctant states. to evacuate the buildings. We have all It is the national government which, in SPRING VALLEY JEWISH COMMU beard the clvll defense warning tested; the face of the savage hostlllty of great NrrY CENTER CELEBRATES but has any Member ever heard a fire corporations and of many states, finally pro GOLDEN JUBll..EE alarm tested? vided labor with a Bm of Rights, wiped out During the past 6 years there have child labor, regulated hours and set minimum been more than 12,000 deaths annually wages, and spread over workers the mantle HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN of social justice. Ask the workingmen of as a result of fire. OP' NEW YORK America 1! they prefer to rely on the volun This year the Congress has already IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES held hearings on fire safety in high rise tarism of private enterprise rather than on government. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 buildings. By passing the Occupational It is the national government that first Safety and Health Act we have put tight launched the campaign to conserve the nat Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am fire safety regulations into effect for ural resources of the nation and that is now pleased to call to the attention of my March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7595 colleagues today, the 50th anniversary Examples of these disparities are tions, municipalities, and any other is of the Jewish Community Center in clearly evident from a comparison of the suers of obligations that ask for andre Spring Valley, N.Y., which is celebrat ratings given to New York City and sev ceive a credit rating. With respect to ing that event during the month of eral other large cities· by three of the point three, it is difficult for me to com March. most widely respected rating services. prehend how any corporation can be a From a small handful of 12 active, alert First of all, New York City has been better credit risk than a municipality citizens who recognized the need for pro rated Baa--later redefined as Baa-1- such as New York City. The city has viding Rockland County with effective "lower medium grade.,-fourth highest never defaulted on a financial obligation communal programs, this organization of nine grades by Moody's since July since its founding. It provides a first lien has grown and has been providing a vital 1965. Standard and Poor's since July on all city revenues for payment of debt stimulus to community life since 1923. 1966 have rated the same obligations service, which currently amount to nine Throughout its 50 years, the Spring BBB-"medium grade''-the fourth times the amound needed for payments Valley Jewish Community Center has as highest of 12 grades. Dun and Bradstreet of interest and principal on the bonds sumed an integral role in the lives of from July 1965 until their absorption by outstanding. It has the power to subject many citizens in the Spring Valley area. Moody's in 1971 rated New York City as all taxable property to an unlimited ad This center now serves over 550 families, "average.,-"short of meeting 'good' valorem tax to pay bond interest and provides a wide variety of services, in standards, but the elements of strength principal, which is currently 8.7 percent cluding: day school programs, religious on the whole outweigh any significant of the full value of real taxable property. training and nursery schools, assistance weakness.,-the fourth highest of eight And the State constitution provides for for the elderly and a gathering place for categories and "10"--of 22--on "credit the use of State funds to meet any debt the youth of the area. risk., in their double rating system. service not covered by appropriation by Our great Nation is the product of civic At the same time Standard and Poor's the city. minded individuals such as this coming gave Detroit a higher "A" rating while Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, this bill will together in an effort to provide a better Moody rated Detroit lower-"Baa.,-as institute procedures to be followed by way of life for their community. The did Dun and Bradstreet-"Fair 13." anyone who believes they have been ad Jewish Community Center, in its mean Further confusing the rating standards versely affected by the action of a mu ingful response to the needs of the resi is the fact that a bond issue by the New nicipal bond rating agency. It will give dents of Spring Valley, is the synthesis York State Urban Development Corp. protection to those who have been fi of this communion of citizens providing was given a higher rating than New York nancing the needs of the city, but have a more productive and fruitful life for City's bonds. This occurred in spite of the been at the mercy of agencies that may, those it serves. fact that the corporation had no fiscal either haphazardly or purposefully, have The Jewish Community Center of support of its own, except a moral com caused them additional financial bur Spring Valley is deserving of our com mitment from the State to meet any dens. mendations as it commemorates its jubi deficits in debt service requirements. The legislation that Congressman Po lee year. The situation is even more incompre DELL and I introduce today, would re hensible when it is realized that the State quire the rating agency to issue a new constitution provides that any payments rating based on the foregoing require TO AMEND THE INVESTMENT AD to New York City must be applied to ments, if after hearings, the regulating VISORS ACT OF 1940 TO PROVIDE meeting debt service requirements if the commission should :find that the original FOR REGULATION OF PERSONS appropriating authorities fail to meet the rating was in violation of these require RATING MUNICIPAL BONDS annual debt service charges on the city's ments. obligations. Mr. Speaker, I believe that both sides I could continue to point out other of the aisle will agree with me, that no HON. JOHN M. MURPHY gross inequities of the rating services, but private organization should have as much OF NEW YORK I believe these examples sufficiently illus power as the rating agencies have, to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trate the problem. affect the salability, and therefore the Tuesday, March 13, 1973 I do want to point out, however, Mr. interest cost to the taxpayer, of Gov Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Speaker, that the taxpayers of New York ernment bonds without some sort of re Speaker, I introduce with Congressman City are by no means the only ones who sponsiveness to the financial welfare of BERT PoDELL a bill to amend the Invest suffer undue financial burden from the the taxpayers. I think that we can all ment Advisors Act of 1940 to provide for questionable behavior of the municipal agree, in view of the national scope of regulation or persons rating municipal bond rating agencies. In spite of the fact capital markets, that the most efficient bonds. I believe that this legislation that there has not been a major loss on and effective safeguard for the taxpayer would aid municipal governments in ob any municipal security since the depres would be the establishment of a Federal taining needed funds through the bond sion only one of the 20 largest cities commission with regulatory and enforce markets. It would assure that the per Milwaukee-is given the highest quality ment powers. sons and agencies that rate these bonds, rating by all three of the rating agencies surveyed. Of the five largest cities in the for a fee charged to the bond issuer, fol country-all of which certainly generate low a known set of standards and apply THE PRICE OF LUMBER these standards consistently among all sufficient income and have more than municipalities. adequate resources to cover all outstand The need for this bill is perhaps most ing debt even with their recurring cash HON. RICHARD T. HANNA flow and current account difficulties- apparent from the obvious inconsistency only Los Angeles is given an excellent 0.1' CALIFORNIA in the ratings given to New York City. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There have not only been inconsistencies rating consistently, and even that rating in these ratings among the several rating is short of the highest prime category. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 services resulting in millions of dollars The purpose of this legislation, Mr. Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I am sure added to the cost of the financing, there Speaker, is not to infringe upon the free that most of the Members of this body have also been inconsistencies in the dom of the rating services. It is not de have received, as I have, numerous com treatment of different cities, and even signed to force them to rate New York plaints about the dramatic increase in inconsistencies among separate bond is City's or any other municipalities obli lumber prices and the corresponding in sues guaranteed by the city of New York gations at a higher grade than war crease in the price of new homes. While by the same rating service. This differing ranted. Rather, it is to insure that first, the administration congratulates itself application of rating standards both be the standards used to derive the ratings at every turn on its victory over inflation, tween cities and among the rating serv are reasonable and in effect do measure prices in these two related areas continue ices unfairly penalizes the taxpayers of credit worthiness; second, the standards to rise at an unprecedented rate. During the downgraded cities. To the extent that decided upon are consistently applied phases I and II, the wholesale price of some cities may be upgraded the present and differences of oplnlon are based on lumber rose 14.5 percent. That, I submit. system provides an unwarranted fiscal fact and sound reasoning; and third, the is no victory over which to brag. dividend. same standards are applied to corpora- There is considerable evidence that the 7596 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 increase in lumber prices has been in In what appears to be complete dis There is every reason to believe, Mr. large measure a case of demand-pull in regard or ignorance of these facts, the Speaker, that the demand pressure on flation in the midst of poorly conceived administration on last May 2 exempted lumber prices will remain heavy in 1973. price control policies; 1971 and 1972 were from phase II all firms employing 60 or Unless public policies in terms of price record-setting years for housing con less people. It so happens that most controls and timber supply are adjusted struction with 2.1 million and 2.4 million lumber suppliers fall into that category. accordingly, the price of new homes will starts respectively. Even with a casual The administration did not respond to continue to rise at an unacceptable rate. acquaintanceship with economic prin the inevitable increase in lumber prices I believe, Mr. Speaker, that if the ciples one can see that those facts sug until mid-July, when it exempted the lumber industry from the "60 or less" Members will review the following gest a marked increase in the demand figures, they will agree with me that in for lumber, and that in the absence of exemption. The lumber situation has increased supply or price controls this remained in a state of confusion ever the area of lumber prices, as in the case pressure would drive up the price of since, and with the advent of phase m, of food, the administration has failed to lumber. prices have begun a new upward spiral. live up to its promises and boasts:
LUMBER WHOLESALE PRICE INDEXES AND PERCENTAGE INCREASES, AUGUST 1971-DECEMBER 1972
Percentage changes Wholesale price indexes November Monthly August 1971 October 1972 1972 to average, November December to December to November December August 1971- Commodity August 1971 October 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 1972 December 1972
114.9 120.0 122.9 7. 0 0.6 1.8 0.4 146.7 166.1 167.9 14.5 .4 . 7 .9 154.5 175.1 177.2 14.7 .5 . 7 . 9 150.9 167.9 168.3 11.5 .1 . 1 . 7 141.4 154.8 156.3 10.5 .1 0 .7 161.2 186.3 189.3 17.4 .4 1.1 1.1 87.1 130.3 131.0 50.4 .1 .5 3.2 123.8 130.7 130.7 5.6 .2 -.2 .4 138.7 159.9 155.2 11.9 -1.6 -1.4 .7 100.3 107.0107 107.0 6.7 0 0 .4
MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN IN MEMORY OF THE LATE LYNDON We all mourn the passing of this HOW LONG? BAINES JOHNSON strong leader and great statesman from our midst. HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE HON. WILBUR D. MILLS OF IOWA OF ARKANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES MY RESPONSmn.ITY TO FREEDOM Tuesday, March 13, 1973 Tuesday, February 6, 1973 Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, for more Mr. MilLS of Arkansas. Mr. Speaker, in the passing of Lyndon Baines John HON. JOHN JARMAN than 3 years, I have reminded my col OF OKLAHOMA leagues daily of the plight of our prison son, the Nation has lost not only its ers of war. Now, for most of us, the war remaining former Chief Executive, it has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is over. Yet despite the cease-fire agree also lost a great public servant and a Tuesday, March 13, 1973 true friend of the people. ments provisions for the release of all Mr.JAR~.Mr.Speaker,Mr.Jatnes prisoners, fewer than 600 of the more Lyndon Johnson first came to Wash ington in 1931 as a secretary to a Con Matthew Ray of Oklahoma City is the than 1,900 men who were lost while on 1973 Oklahoma State winner of the active duty in Southeast Asia have been gressman. He left Washington in 1969 Voice of Democracy contest sponsored identified by the enemy as alive and upon his retirement from the presidency by the Veterans of Foreign Wars. Matt is captive. The remaining 1,220 men are of the United States. During that 38- from my congressional district and it 1s still missing in action. year period, he indelibly inscribed his with pride that I submit for the RECORD A child asks: "Where is Daddy?" A mark on the pages of U.S. history. As a congressional staffer, Member of the a copy of his winning essay: mother asks: "How is my son?" A wife MY RESPONSmiLITY TO FREEDOM wonders: "Is my husband alive or dead?" House, U.S. Senator, majority leader of How long? the Senate, and :finally as President of (By Matt May) Until those men are accounted for, the United States, he served this Na Once there was a wise old man who lived tion well and faithfully. in the htlls of West Virginia. He was well their families will contL1ue to undergo known for his profound knowledge and the special suffering reserved for the Perhaps no other era in the life of this philosophical insight. One day some boys relatives of those who simply disappear country has been as eventful and chal from a neighboring vlllage decided to play without a trace, the living lost, the dead lenging for those in positions of leader a trick on the old hermit, to test his wis ship than these past four decades, en dom. They caught a bird and proceeded to with graves unmarked. For their families, compassing the Great Depression, World the hermit's cave. One of the boys cupped peace brings no respite from frustration, War II, the Cold War, the Korean con the bird in his hands and called to the her anxiety, and uncertainty. Some can look flict, unprecedented domestic social up mit, "Say, old man, what is it that I have forward to a whole lifetime shadowed by heaval, and Vietnam. Lyndon Johnson in my hands?" Hearing the chirping and :grief. never shirked the awesome responsibili noise the hermit said it was a bird. "Yes, We must make every effort to alleviate ties that fell on his shoulders during but is it dead or alive?" asked the boy. If their anguish by redoubling our search these times. He gave the Nation his the hermit said the bird was alive, the boy would crush it in his hands. If the hermit for the missing servicemen. Of the in very best during his active public serv said the bird. was dead, the boy would open calculable debt owed to them and their ice and continued to serve as a source of hts hands and let the bird. fly free. The her- families, we can at least pay that mini sound advice and good counsel for this mit thought a moment and then replied, mum. Until I am satisfied, therefore, Nation and its leaders during his retire "It is what you make it." that we are meeting our obligation, I will ment years on his beloved ranch along Just as the bird ln the cupped hands of .continue to ask, "How long?'' the Pedemales River. the boy, our country's future 1s on a teteerlng March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7597 block. Whether it wm be a prosperous one LEGISLATION FOR THE MENTALLY the purpose of the bill-to provide for or one of desperation is determined by our RETARDED the humane care, treatment, habilita actions. It is what we make it. The hermit had the insight to foresee a tion, and protection of the mentally re problem or perhaps a tragedy arising in his HON. JEROME R. WALDIE tarded in residential facilities. own little world. It is up to each individual Any State seeking funds under this in our society to recognize the problems fac OJ' CALIFORNIA legislation would have to comply with the ing our country and to exercise his indi IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES standards established by a 15-member vidual responsibilities to freedom. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 National Advisory Council in order to Each of us should follow after the pattern qualify for assistance. of Daniel Webster when he made his famous Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, one of the I am also introducing a bill which March 7, Compromise Speech. In one part top priority issues of this session of Con he stated: amends the Social Security Act to pro gress must be an extensive legislative vide that an institution which is priniar "I wish to speak today, not as a Massachu program for mental health care in this setts man, nor as a northern man, but as an lly for the mentally retarded shall not be American, and a member of the Senate of country. The last session of Congress dis considered an institution for mental dis the United States ... (but) I have a duty played relative inattention and insen eases. This permits aid to be given to the to perform, and I mean to perform it with sitivity to the problems which the States permanently and totally disabled, under fidelity, not without a sense of existing dan and nonprofit organizations are facing in approved State plans with Federal gers, but not without hope." providing necessary assistance to the matching, to individuals in institutions Perhaps we cannot give as much as this needs of the mentally retarded. No bills for the mentally retarded. great Senator when he sacrificed his future dealing with the needs of the retarded political career to attempt to save the Union were adopted by the last Congress, and Another bill amends the Education of from division. But we can sacrifice a few Handicapped Act to provide for compre minutes to study candidates platforms and this is a track record of which none of us hensive education programs for severely then vote during each election, as well as can be proud. and profoundly mentally retarded chil having respect for the civil laws governing In ~ight of the recent cutbacks in dren. social behavior, and serving in the armed funding and disclosures of widespread Finally, I am introducing a Mental services when called on to do so. underfunding of State institutions serv Health Act which provides adequate These responsib111ties are few, yet they are ing the mentally retarded such as Pacific mental health care and psychiatric care so often disregarded. An American should State Hospital in Pomona, Calif., the realize the danger in such an omission. I need for improved and expanded Federal for all Americans and ends the discrim know I must meet these obligations if I am ination between mental health care and to be a beneficial part of my country. And assistance programs becomes even more other forms of health care. when I meet my responsibllities, I wlll try acute. to do what I think is best for the United Toward that end, I am today introduc States. My decisions should not be selfish ing a comprehensive package of bills de but instead should render aid to the people signed to assist private and public in THE F-14 TOMCAT of the nation. I should remember as Andrew stitutions in the treatment and care of Hamilton once stated: "the man who loves mental patients and a massive upgrading his country prefers its liberty to all other considerations, well knowing that without in mental health diagnosis and treat HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO liberty life is a misery ..." This is why we ment. OF NEW YORK More than 200,000 mentally retarded have to accept our responsibllities as being IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES intricate parts of our lives. persons in this country are forced to live However, many of our youth today have out their lives in facilities that not only Tuesday, March 13, 1973 been expressing their views on many impor fall to meet their special needs, but often Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. tant issues and often they are silenced. There set them back even farther into the Speaker, an editorial from the North is nothing wrong With a person expressing depths of retardation. diverse views in America as Patrick Henry Dakota Jamestown Sun, explaining the showed us back in 1775, when he stated: Mental retardation does not have to be superiority of the Grumman F-14 over "(But) different men often see the same absolute. Our technological society has, any of today's aircraft and the necessity subjects in different lights; and, therefore, in practice, made relative retardation for keeping America militarily strong I hope that it Will not be thought disrespect synonymous with absolute retardation, has been brought to my attention. I ful to those gentlemen if, entertaining as I but studies have shown, particularly with would like to share this editorial with my do, opinions of a character very opposite to children, that retardation cannot only be distinguished colleagues: theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments curbed, but in some cases, cured, where BUFFALO TERRITORY: THE F-14 TOMCAT freely and Without reserve." there is proper stimulation, conducive surroundings, and positive reinforce (By Jack Evans) America is definitely founded on this prin The program of development and manufac ciple; however, many times the youth of to ment. ture of the F-14 air superiority fighter, pal'lts day try to dramatize their views with vio Early experience can, as psychologists of which are manufactured 1n our com lence. The expression of one's views does not have suggested, absolutely retard a munity, has moved along very well through have to be accompanied by violence. Even child's intellectual growth. But that re design, experimental and initial-delivery V.7hen an individuaJ exercises his right of tardation seems to be more temporary stages. opinion, he must remember that there are than we have believed, and children re The F-14--a.lso known as the Tomcat--is rules governing our social actions that are tain an enormous potential for recovery. a supersonic jet plane made for U.S. Navy established to protect every person. In ex use. It is also adaptable to other U.S. armed Thus, it appears that a 2-year-old who services. pressing my views, I must be sure not to is seriously retarded in the absolute sense infringe on another's rights. Any improve According to neutral observers and the air is able to recover normal intellectual craft's prime contractor, Grumman Aerospace ment in my country that I seek to establish functioning within a period of several Corporation of Bethpage, N.Y., the Tomcat should be possible through the structure of years in proper surroundings with proper has no equal in the world-even including our government. I must always remember treatment. the USSR's MIG Foxbat. M111ta.ry experts that what I feel would be best for the U.S. Unfortunately, the conditions which concede this new Russian supersonic MIG is is not necessarlly what the majority would exist in our institutions today do not tops among fighter-bomber jet aircraft made see as being best. meet these criteria. A major part of the outside the United States. Yet even though this may be true, I must legislation I am introducing today, The U. S. Navy fully agrees with estimates acknowledge that I have certain obligations of the capabilities of the tremendously fast, to my country; I must sincerely try to vote known as the Bill of Rights for the Men potentially most effective F-14 Tomca,t. in all elections to which I am qualified; I tally Retarded, provides some $30 million Twenty-five F-14 Tomcats have been com pleted and delivered. Thirteen of these have must respect all laws governing social be a year for 3 years to assist the States in been used for the punishing stress, speed. havior; and when called to do so, fight for conducting comprehensive studies of the cost of bringing existing residential facil performance and reliab111ty tests that must the virtues which my country holds as neces be made before a plane is delivered to its sary. I cling earnestly to these beliefs. For ities into compliance with established mllita.ry purchasers. Twelve of the planes my hands are cupped a.nd I must make the standards, to review the present State have been delivered to the U.S. Navy for its decision. plans and developing strategies to fulfill own special testing. 7598 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 The Tomcat has lived up to all the Navy's SUPPORTS NEED FOR CONGRES and 1960-administrations of both Dem expectations, as well as those of its designers SIONAL BUDGET REFORM ocratic and Republican Presidents. and manufacturers. In fact, the Navy is as Apart from the years during World near being ecstatic over the F-14's perform ance and potential as that most-conservative War II, the largest deficits have occurred of our branches can be. HON. EDWARD R. MADIGAN in recent years. In 1968 the deficit was A test compared the F-14 Tomcat with the OF ILLINOIS $28 billion; in 1970 it was $13 billion; in F-4J. The F-4J is preferred by some members 1971, it was $30 billion; in 1972 it was of Congress. The test was held on Feb. 22. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $29 billion; the estimate for 1973 is $34 F-14 Tomca.t was flown by a Navy pilot with Wednesday, March 7, 1973 billion and 1974 is estimated at $28 bil a neutral umpire accompanying him in the lion. plane. The F-4J was flown by a project test Mr. MADIGAN. Mr. Speaker, it was pilot. Eight pre-briefed encounters-as be my pleasure recently to join with my fel This increase in the size of Federal tween a U.S. aircraft and any potential low first-term Republican colleagues in deficits cannot be construed to be the enemy-were run in the test. Eight out of the House in signing a resolution calling fault of either the executive or legisla eight times the F-14 Tomcat defeated the F- on the Congress to begin the long over tive branches of our Government. It is 4J hands down. In fact, witnesses agreed that due trek toward Federal budgetary re the responsibility of both. Those of us in the F-4J is not competition for the F-14. form and fiscal responsibility. We were the Congress serving our first terms feel The defeated test-plane has what are particularly the need and challenge to called "slotted wings"-the leading edge of joined by 10 equally concerned Demo the wings has slots which added to maneu crats who are also serving their first term do what we can to correct the seeming verability of the craft and change somewhat in Congress. lack of control currently exercised over the dynamics of the leading edge of the Federal budget reform is long past the budgetary process by the House of wings at various speeds. due. We need an effective ceiling on Fed Representatives. Nothing is more worthy The winning F-14 Tomcat has an en eral spending and a reform of the out of our time and best efforts this year than tirely different feature which is understand moded budgetary procedures under the task of regaining control of the Fed able even to those not sophisticated in aero which the Congress operates. eral budget. It is easier to not set prior space dynamics. The wings of the Tomcat ities than to set them. It is easier to au are retractable. At takeoff they are extended Several of my fellow first-term col out from the plane in somewhat the manner leagues are, like me, former members of thorize expenditures than to decide how of a bird soaring. When the F-14 reaches a State legislative bodies. Few State legis the revenue for those program expendi specified high speed, the wings retract back latures operate in a manner which avoids tures will be provided. It is easier to ap along the fuselage in a conformation like coming to grasp with matching antic propriate money piecemeal from the the fins on a rocket. When the plane is ipated State income with anticipated ex President's budget requests than to adopt ready to land, its wings are again "spread" penses. It seems almost incredible to me a budget ourselves. and it lands at a speed slow enough to per Fifty years ago, the Congress estab mit it to land on the deck of an aircraft that our Federal Government can op Garrier or on a similarly short runway on erate without this necessary discipline on lished the present appropriations sys land. income and spending. Members of the tem. The purpose then was to bring man Probably the most outstanding battle ca legislative branch of our Government agement of the expenditure process pability of the F-14 Tomcat permits it to must be provided the opportunity to vote under a single committee's jurisdiction. take on, via its own computer, as many as on the entire expected expenditures of The Appropriations Committee today six adversaries at once. Any one or all of the Federal Government in relation to in the House more nearly functions as those adversaries may be up to 600 miles estimated Fcdersl revenues. 13 separate committees rather than as away. All six may be in different locations. a single entity. The Tomcat's computerized radar-targeting In his budget message of January 29, system can be used with rockets, bombs or 1973, President Nixon said: While much must be done before the 20 mm machine guns. The latter fire at a Higher federal tax rates are not needed Federal budgetary process can be speed of over 6,000 rounds per minute from now or in the years ahead to assure adequate brought under the control so badly need a modern-day version of the old "gattling resources for properly responsive government, ed, the 92d Congress took a wise step gun." if the business of government is well man in establishing the Joint Study Commit Continuance of the program of manufac aged. The surest way to avoid inflation or tee on Budget Control. This committee ture of the Grumman F-14 Tomcat is in higher taxes or both is for the Congress to seems well on the road to doing the first doubt because committees of the U.S. Sen join me in a concerted effort to control fed effective job of tackling and solving the ate are now debating the amount of money eral spending. that should be spent on going forward with problem. Recently it submitted an in manufacture and delivery of this plane. In His proposed budget has sent shock terim report on its efforts to establish flation has caught up with the Tomcat's cost waves through both the U.S. citizenry an effective permanent mechanism for of manufacture. Grumman, the plane's and the Congress, as well. It indicates budget control which will assure a more maker insists on being able to follow through clearly that he is willing to do his part in comprehensive and coordinated review of on this project, step-by-step and lot-by-lot bringing Federal spending and deficit budget totals and determination of on a sound monetary basis. It wants U.S. budgets under control-something nei spending priorities. funds for the project increased somewhat so The Joint Study Committee believes that building and delivery of this great new ther his administration nor any of the defense weapon will remain fiscally sound past five administrations have been able that the failure to arrive at congres and not have to be abandoned somewhere to accomplish. sional budgetary decisions on an overall along the way in the future. The executive branch of our Federal basis has been a contributory factor in The United States, just now pulling out Government has lived through deficit the size of our Federal budget deficits. of a long and agonizing armed conflict, budgets year after year due to lack of I agree wholeheartedly. Much of the hopes this country and all countries are congressional control of the Federal problem appears to be that no legislative headed into a generation or two or three of budget. In the past 54 years, the Federal committee has the responsibility to de peace that eventually will defuse the earth cide whether or not total expenditures of the dread of worldwide conflict. budget has been in a deficit position 37 Our potential or possible enemies in any times. In 32 of those years, the budgets are appropriate. As a result, each spend conflict understand, and have for years, that were submitted to Congress with a deficit. ing bill appears to be considered by Con the U.S. wants this elongated peace time The size of the deficit has become gress as a separate entity and any review and inte rna tiona! good will. steadily worse, and as a Republican, it of relative priorities among spending But our potential or possible enemies will pains me that the President of my party programs for the most part is made understand our desire for peace a little more has administered the largest total deficit solely within the context of the bill then clearly if they know that we are continuing in our Federal budget in any 4-year being considered by Congress. to make sure we are safe with the very best The Joint Committee's interim report of military weapons. An outstanding ex period. ample is the Grumman F-14 Tomcat. I am sure that the President's current indicates that the Appropriations Com Readers are urged to let their U.S. Repre actions reflect his own dissatisfaction mittee has effective control over less than sentatives and U.S. Senators know their with that situation. 50 percent of the budget. feelings on keeping the U.S. foremost in It is heartening to know that the Joint aerospace design and military hardware. Of the 16 years in which there were Committee's recommendations include The United States doesn't want the big surpluses, 10 occurred before 1931. Since support for a mechanism within Con gest number of men and material in any of that time there have been just 6 years gress to determine the proper level of its armed services. It certainly wants the of administrative budget surpluses. Those expenditures for the coming fiscal year, best, however. years were 1947, 1948, 1951, 1956, 1957, provide an overall ceiling on expenditures March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7599 on budget authority for each year, and Fourth. It will increase the maximum to pay for the repair of the defect, as was the determine the aggregate revenue and civil penalty for violation of the act from case with the 1961-1969 Corvair heater re call, less lthan 10% of the vehicle owners have debt levels which appropriately should be $400,000 to $800,000. their vehicles repaired. associated with the expenditure and Fifth. It will add criminal penalties Despite prior assurance to Congress by the budgetary authority limits. for persons "knowingly and willfully" auto industry that defective vehicles would Additional recommendations of the violating the act. be remedied at no cost to the owners, there Joint Committee's report call for limita Sixth. It will direct the Secretary to have been instances of refusals by manufac tions on expenditures in legislation obtain and evaluate cost data whenever turers to remedy at their expense millions of which provides funding separately from it becomes an issue in a safety proceed defective vehicles. Thus in November 1971, the annual appropriations process. The ing under the act. General Motors refused to bear the cost of remedying 680,000. 1961-1969 Corvairs with initial action for spending ceilings is to Seventh. It will provide for substantial defective heater systems. Instead owners were occur early in the legislative session increases in authorization of appropria asked to bear the average $170 cost of the re which seems necessary if there is to be tions for the automobile safety program pair which might have to be repeated annu effective control on the spending author over the next 3 fiscal years; from $37.4 ally. In November 1972, Volkswagen refused izations approved early in the session as million for fiscal year 1973 to $70 million to bear the cost of replacing defective wind well as those approved in the waning proposed for fiscal years 1974, 1975, and shield wipers on 3.7 million 1949-1969 Volk.s days of each congressional session. 1976. wagens, at a cost of approximately $3.70 per The long-range outlook for expend Mr. Speaker, 56,300 Americans died in car. motor vehicle accidents in 1972. This is To eliminate such compromises of motor itures not only in the current year, but vehicle safety, § 3 would amend the 1966 Act for 3 to 5 years in the future is also called an increase of more than 1,000 deaths to require the Department of Transportation for in the report. In an effort to provide over 1971. (DOT) to order the manufacturer to remedy for emergency situations the committee's Two million American citizens were in safety related defects or violations of federal recommendations also provide for au jured seriously in motor vehicle acci safety standards, provided they were not in thorizations at least 1 year in advance, dents in 1972. The National Safety Coun consequential in nature. Ordinarily, a defect except in unusual circumstances. cil estimates the economic loss from such could be most optimally eliminated by re accidents at $17.5 billion a year. quiring the manufacturer to recall for re These recommendations are encourag pairs at the manufacturer's expense. Where ing signs that the House is willing to do During the decade of the 1970's, as no permanent repair was feasible within a its part in bringing about control over many as 600,000 Americans may die on sixty-day period DOT and the National High our Federal budget. our Nation's highways. This is more way .Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) I support the study underway by this deaths than in all the wars that our are directed to require the manufacturer to most important joint committee of the country has fought. buy back the motor vehicle at a reasonable Congress and look forward to its final While the rate of deaths per mile trav depreciated value based on actual use, or recommendations containing the details eled on the highways has declined slightly to replace the vehicle with a comparable ve hicle free of defects. of the general guidelines outlined in its in recent years, I believe our Nation Section 3 would also alleviate the delayed interim report. can and must take more effective steps recall problem. In the recall of 6.7 million to reduce the human carnage and eco Chevrolets for defective engine mounts, only nomic loss from motor vehicle accidents. about one-third of the vehicles have had the This legislation should not be taken defect remedied more than one year after MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY AMEND as criticism of all of the efforts of the the December 1971 announcement of the re MENTS OF 1973 Department of Transportation and the call. As of December 1, 1972, 2.3 million National Highway Traffic Safety Admin Chevrolets had been repaired; leaving 4.4 istration-NHTSA. There are dedicated mtllion defective Chevrolets on the road. HON. JOHN E. MOSS Federal officials in these agencies who By requiring repurchase or replacement if OF CALIFORNIA the vehicle is not repaired within sixty days have long sought to stem the tide of high of tender for repair by the owner, § 3 would IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way death and injury. This legislation, create a strong incentive for the manufac Tuesday, March 13, 1973 together with the increased funding ture to allocate sufficient resources to which it provides, will give them the speed.Uy conduct the recall. Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of tools with which to do a better job for Section 3(b)-Avatlabtllty of Information: myself and my colleagues, Representa the American people. The Department of Transportation currently tives BoB EcKHARDT, Democrat, of Texas, The text of the legislation follows Mr. has a badklog of about thirty-three defect and HENRY HELSTOSKI, Democrat, of New investigations that have been pending for ECKHARDT'S remarks in today's CONGRES more than one year. Defect investigations Jersey, I am today introducing the Motor SIONAL RECORD. such as these may drag on interminably both Vehicle Safety Amendments of 1973. A section-by-section explanation of because of inadequate funding of the motor This legislation represents the first ma the legislation follows: vehicle safety program and because of agency jor revision of the National Traffic and MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY AMENDMENTS OF 1973: inertia. Motor Vehicle Safety Act since its enact SECTION-BY-SECTION EXPLANATION OF THE The oldest investigation (gasoline leaking ment in 1966. BILL Rochester Quadrajet carburetors on 1965- 1966 General Motors) has been pending Among the most significant of the pro section 2-Authorization of Appropria visions of this legislation are the follow since November 27, 1967. This investigation tions: This section will authorize $70 mtl was deactivated twice, allegedly on the basis ing: lion for purposes of carrying out the National of information supplied by General Motors. First. It will require the recall by Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act for each The first time General Motors said the de manufacturers of motor vehicles which of the fiscal years 1974, 1975 and 1976. This fect was limited to Oldsmobtles and since are found to have a safety-related defect represents a substantial increase over the Oldsmobtles were already being recalled, the or which fail to comply with a Federal 1973 authorization of $37.4 million. It is investigation should be closed. It was. Two motor vehicle safety standard, without made necessary by the continuing increase in years later, DOT reopened the investigation deaths and injuries from motor vehicle acci when it found reports of leaking Quadrajet charge to the owners. dents on our nation's highways, the apparent Second. It will extend the recall pro carburetors and ensuing fires on other Gen inabtllty of the Department of Transporta eral Motors vehicles. This time the investiga visions of the act to all registered owners tion (DOT) to adhere to its safety standards tion was closed when GM argued this car of recalled vehicles listed in State regis program and long delays by DOT in process buretor was defective on vehicles other than tration records, not merely to first pur ing defect investigations. Oldsmobtle but that fatlures would most chasers and those owning vehicles under Section 3(a)-Notification and Recall: The likely occur by 30,000 mtles. Since the average warranty as presently provided. purpose of the National Traffic and Motor 1966 vehicle had accumulated more than 36,- Third. It will require that the defect Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 [hereinafter the 000 mtles, it was claimed there was no need investigation files of the Department of 1966 Act] is to reduce deaths and injuries to recall as the defective carburetors had from motor vehicle accidents by removing already fatled. Almost two more years of in Transportation be available to the pub unsafe vehicles from the public highways. action passed before DOT determined that lic--except with respect to information Based upon limited surveying done to date, these !allures were still occurring. This in containing or relating to trade secrets Department of Transportation's statistics in vestigation, and probably others, could have and that members of the public be al dicate that owners wtll bring in defective been resolved years earlier if the public had lowed to participate in the determina vehicles for repair of declared defects about access to information on pending investiga tion of the existence or nonexistence of 75% of the time, if manufacturers bear the tions so as to be able to provide informa.tion safety defects. cost. But where the manufacturer refuses in their possession to DOT. In addition, a.c- f 7600 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 cess to such information will at least permit because of increased cost. Section 103 (f) of the Act. Third, the section requires petitions consumers to take such steps as may be the present law requires the Secretary to commencing such actions to demonstrate by avaUable to them to protect themselves dur consider, in prescribing a motor vehicle a preponderance of the evidence in a de novo ing the pendency of such investigations. § 3 safety standard, whether it is reasonable proceeding the need for the action requested of the bill amends § 113 (d) and (e) of the and practicable. As agency witnesses have by petitioner. These limitations will serve to 1966 Act to provide a publlc right of access testified before the Congress, attempts have discourage frivllous petitions. to such investigatory information, subject to been made in developing safety standards to Section 8--National Motor Vehicle Safety protection of manufacturers trade secrets. consider cost factors because of unsubstan Advisory Council: § 104 of the 1966 Act Section 3(c)-Notification of Registered tiated industry comments about cost, but created the Motor Vehicle Safety Advisory Owners: § 113 (b) of the 1966 requires noti the agency has been hampered in making CouncU, a majority of whose member must fication only to the first purchaser and sub such a factual determination by the absence be from the public sector. However, the sequent warranty holders. In the defective of detailed cost information. statute includes no definition of "representa windshield wiper recall, Volkswagen took ad Various attempts have been made in the tives of the general public." In the past some vantage of this provision to notify only 220,- past to acquire cost information but to date members of the Council, who apparently 000 of the some 3,150,000 registered U.S. they have been unsuccessful. When the com have been designated as representatives of owners, one out of every fourteen owners. panies claimed in 1967 and 1968 that prices the general public have had substantial con Unlike most other manufacturers, Volks would increase because of the cost of new nections with groups who are directly eco wagon refused to purchase owner names and motor vehicle safety standards, Senators nomically interested in the operation of the addresses from state registration lists in or Magnuson and Mondale urged them to pro law. Section 8 would establish a definition der to notify the remaining 2,930,000 owners. vide substantiating data, without success. of the term "representatives of the general § 3(c) of the bill would require notice to all The NHTSA for several years let contracts public" and would require that the Chair registered owners listed in state records to research companies to accumulate esti man of the Council be designated from this avaUable to manufacturers. mates of the cost of various safety standards group. These changes in the law wUl give the Section 4-Enforcement: The 1966 Act but the information acquired contains little CouncU new stature and assist it in achiev does not prohibit manufacturers, distribu cost data. In 1968 Senator Ribicoff, a leader ing its goal of promoting motor vehicle tors, dealers, or others in the motor vehicle in the fight for increased motor vehicle safety. repair business from removing or rendering safety, held a hearing to determine whether inoperative elements of a motor vehicle re means could be developed for the agency to quired by Federal motor vehicle safety stand acquire information to assess the increased ards. A recent survey of motor vehicle dealers cost and price impact of safety standards. ECONOMIC PROGRESS IN AR by the Insurance Institute for Highway The burden was placed on the Bureau of KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA Safety showed that almost all dealers sur Labor Statistics to provide such information, veyed were willing to disconnect fedeJ:ally but experience has shown that the informa required seat belt warning devices or to show tion the BLS gets from the companies will HON. JAMES R. JONES how they could be disconnected or rendered not be shared in useful form with either the OF OKLAHOMA inoperative. § 4 of the bill would prohibit NHTSA or the public. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES disconnecting or rendering inoperative safety To this d.a.y the public remains. unaware devices, in much the same manner that of the actual cost impact of various safety Tuesday, March 13, 1973 § 203(a) of the Clean Air Act prohibits re standards. It is time to end this specula Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, moving or rendering inoperative motor ve tion and, wherever possible, make the facts on February 27, the Washington Post hicle emission control equipment. known to the decision makers and to the published a perceptive article by colum § 4 would also amend § 109 of the 1966 Act public. to increase the maximum civU penalty from Section 7-Agency ResponsibiUty: New nist Joseph Kraft on the Arkansas River 400,000 to 800,000 dollars. This would par Section 126 will encourage broader public project which I would like to call to the tially implement the recommendation of participation in the standard setting and attention of my colleagues. "Federal Consumer Safety Legislation," a re recall actions of NHTSA. It is simllar to sec When the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas port prepared for the National Commission tion 10 of the Consumer Product Safety Act River Navigation System was under con on Product Safety, by Howard A. Heffon, (P.L. 92-573). struction in the 1960's, the project had former Chief Counsel of the NHTSA, that Existing law and Agency regulations permit "the maximum amount of civil penalties interested parties to petition the Agency plenty of detractors and disbelievers, should be substantially increased." Id. at 8, for the issuance, amendment or revocation among them Mr. Kraft. They were con 103-105. The appropriateness of higher civU of federal motor vehicle safety standards vinced that the project was impractical penalties under the 1966 Act is also evidenced and require the Agency to "grant or deny" at best, that its benefits could never jus by the recent seven million dollar fine im such petitions. However no time limite are tify the sums of money appropriated for posed by a federal court on the Ford Motor provided for Agency deliberation on such its construction. It was popular to quote Company under the Clean Air Act. petitions; and in some cases, petitions more the remark, attributed to an officer of Section 4(b) (5) also adds a criminal pen than a year old have not been acted upon. alty of a $1000 fine for each noncomplying Section 126 makes it a statutory requirement the Corps of Engineers, that "it would motor vehicle, one year imprisonment, or that the Agency respond to such petition have been cheaper to pave the river." both for "knowingly and wlllfully" violating within 120 days. But the detractors have been proved the provisions of the 1966 Act. Criminal About twenty-five investigations have been wrong, and many of the disbelievers penalties are presently found in most federal pending for more than one year, several in have been converted. The project has safety statutes, such as the Food, Drug and vestigations have been pending for more turned out to be a boon to the States it Cosmetic Act, (Sec. 303) , the Flammable than two years, and some for more than serves and to the country. Although it~ Fabrics Act (Sec. 7) and the Consumer three. Section 126 makes it possible for in impact cannot be measured in economics Product Safety Act (Sec. 21). terested parties to limit the duration of Section 5-Inspection and Record Keep Agency deliberation on such an investigation alone, the economic benefits are worth ing: This section of the bill makes two to four months by filing petitions requesting emphasizing. It has brought new indus changes in the present law. First, it makes the NHTSA to initiate or complete the in try worth millions and new people to minor and technical corrections in the lan vestigation. If the Secretary denies either parts of Arkansas and Oklahoma. It has guage of Section 112 to assure that the Sec type of petition, he must publish his reasons linked the economics of the Midwest to retary may conduct inspections and inves in the Federal Register. the rest of the world. And those who tigations to enforce not only motor vehicle Neither the present law, nor current regu remember the muddy and flood-prone safety standards but also any other rules, lations provide effective recourse to an inter regulations or orders issued in accordance ested party whose petition is denied or ne Arkansas River of old rejoice at the silt With the Act. Secondly, this section adds new glected by the Agency. Section 126(e) elimi free waterway that has taken its place. provisions giving the Secretary authority to nates this failing by creating a right for such As a reminder that economic progress thoroughly investigate motor vehicle acci petitioner to commence a civil action in U.S. need not be our enemy, I would like to dents including authority to subpoena wit district court to force the Agency to take share Mr. Kraft's column with the Mem nesses and documents. This subpoena au action if it has failed to comply with the bers of the House. thority is quite similar to the Secretary's 120-day limit. The article follows: powers under the Interstate Commerce Act Section 126 places several limits on the with regard to interstate carriers and is nec right of interested parties to petition. Pirst, A RIVER-AND A STATE-REVITALIZED essary to assist in the development of de it provides that the petitioner may com (By Joseph Kraft) tailed information about motor vehicle de mence a civil suit only after the Agency has LITTLE ROCK, ARK.-Headlong growth, fects and the causes of deaths and injuries. been afforded an adequate opportunity to bringing pollution a.nd congestion and a riot Section 6--Cost Information: A new sec respond to a properly submitted petition. of other ills, is visibly destroying many parts tion would be added to the Act to require Second, the section limits the scope of relief of the country along the Atlantic and Pacific the Secretary to obtain cost information in which may be granted by a district court to coastlines. But how can growth be arrested any proceeding where a motor vehicle manu an order that the Agency initiate or com in a country where the national ethic is to facturer. opposed an action of the Secretary plete an action under sections 103 or 113 of give maximum scope to individual initiative? March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7601 The answer is that instea.d of trying to re THE LATE DR. CHARLES DJERF right--at least as he saw it," The Rev. Mr. strict growth, it makes better sense to dis Bauer said. perse it to less advanced parts of the country. Dr. Djerf's final years were anything but A good case in point is the tonic effect on restful as he thrust himself into controversy the area around Little Rock of the Arkansas HON. JAMES A. BURKE again as he tried to organize a drug reha River project. OF llrlASSACHUSETTS bilitation program. That project has made the river navigable IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Yesterday's crowd of mourners included for 450 miles from its juncture with the Mis more young people than might be expected sissippi to Tulsa, Okla. Dredging and con Tuesday, March 13, 1973 for a man of 62. struction of 18 dams and locks cost an esti Charles Dimond, of Survival, Inc., said mated $1.3 billion sprea.d over 15 years be Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. many of the drug program's staff were in ginning in 1957 with formal completion last Speaker, being a doctor requires one to attendance in addition to drug-dependent year. During the 1960s the project became spend extra hours in the service of man youths in the methadone maintenance pro known as the "biggest pork barrel in history." kind. Today, however, I would like to gram. Teen-agers with school books under I remember flying over the project about honor a man who went beyond that point their arms stopped ln. Some were medical 10 years a.go with its most powerful sponsor, and lived community service 24 hours a patients while others were participants in the late Sen. Robert Kerr of Oklahoma. The day, Dr. Charles Djerf of Quincy, Mass., the Survival walk-in center. stream below us was a muddy trickle. Sen. who died on February 13, 1973. NURSES DOT AUDIENCE Kerr stopped along the way to open (with a Nurses from Quincy City Hospital and Dr. golden bulldozer) construction on various Few men have done more for the phys ical and mental health of the Quincy Djerf's private practice dotted the audience ports so obscure that I do not remember their while about 40 members of the city's medical names. area children. Dr. Djerf served 16 years community were there. At the end of the day I asked an offi.cer on the Quincy school committee and About Dr. Djerf's dedication to his profes from the Army Corps of Engineers which was then moved on to valuably aid the South sion, The Rev. Mr. Bauer said, "You have to building the project whether it wasn't un Shore Mental Health Association. For borrow the adjectives reserved for martyrs duly expensive. "Hell," he said, "it would have many, this would have been more than and saints." been cheaper to pave the river." enough for one lifetime but Dr. Djerf's Paraphrasing a biblical quote he added, But that judgment, which echoed my own tremendous energy, zeal, and public con "Now here is a true man of Israel. There 1s sentiments, has been unsaid by the results. no deceit, there is nothing false in him." The river has been totally transformed. cern seemed to know no bounds. Nearly The Rev. Mr. Bauer was assisted in the The dams have stopped the silting, and 3 years ago he began to organize Quin service by the Rev. Laurence M. Brock, chap with the sediment gone, the tiny organisms cy's first drug rehabilitation program. lain at Boston City Hospital, and the Rev. known as plankton have reappeared, reopen Needless to say, drug rehabilitation is an John R. Graham, minister of the United ing the river to the lite-giving force of the extremely controversial topic in today's First Parish Church. sun. The river has become greenish-blue in society but it is a fitting tribute to Dr. Pallbearers for the funeral were all close color, instea.d of brown. Bass and other fresh Djerf's many wonderful talents that he friends, but they reflected Dr. Djerf's diverse water fish rare 10 years ago are now abun interests. They included Dr. Lawrence P. dant. A fresh-water shrimp, unknown before, succeeded in molding together the ef Creedon, Quincy superintendent of schools; has turned up. forts of public officials, educators, busi Joseph Whiteman of Survival; Richard Mann The cleaning up of the river and the lakes nessmen, residents, and city leaders to in of the Quincy symphony Orchestra; Charles created back of the dams has made the area sure Survival, Inc.'s birth and continua Sweeney of Quincy Junior College; Edward exceedingly attractive for recreational pur tion. A severe heart attack in 1971 re Percy, Quincy Rotary president; Frank Val poses. Arkansas has become a magnet for re moved him from Survival's leadership lier of the Great Books Council and presi tirees from Illinois, Missouri and Kansas. but it never reduced his intense interest dent of Survival; and long-time friends Many companies which value recreation Louis Cessani and Henry Curtis. highly in their choice of sites are turning in the welfare of Quincy's teenagers, Honorary pallbearers, all Quincy Rotary toward the state. The town of Russellville, 65 some of whom he had cared for as in past presidents, included Frank Bushman, miles from Little Rock, Is one good example. fants. Heslip Sutherland, Dr. Edmond Demski, Bert The Firestone Company is putting in a We in the Quincy area will never for Eckblom, Russell Scammell, George Bonsall, plant. So is a food division of the conglom get Dr. Djerf's efforts. Their effects will Nissie Grossman, Forrest I. Neal, Joseph erate company, International Telephone and be felt by many for a long time. The fol Pinel and A. Wendall Clark. Telegraph. Middle South Utilltles, the chief power company in the area, is investing an lowing newsclipping glowingly describes MUSICAL PORTIONS estimated $300 million in new generating the final tribute given to Dr. Djerf by his Musical portions were provided by church facilities. many admirers. organist Mrs. Gale Harrison and the Quincy Improved navigation facilltles have quick The article follows: High School Concert Choir while a contin ened commerce throughout the area. Hun gent of 40 Air Force Junior ROTC students (From the Quincy Patriot Ledger, Feb. 16 from the high school, under the command of dreds of thousands of tons of Arkansas rice 1973] and soy beans go down river and across the Sgt. Edwin Frost, formed an honor guard CROWD OVERFLOWS CHURCH AT DR. CHARLES into the church. oceans to Europe and Japan every year. DJERF RrrES Bauxite from the Caribbean feeds alum A 25-man detachment of the Ancient Hon inum plants near Little Rock. Steel from QumcY.-An overflow crowd of civic orable Artillery Company headed by Col. Japan is building a new bridge across the leaders, physicians, young people and friends James Lamphier was also in attendance. river. Over last weekend, two new foreign gathered at the United First Parish Church But the largest group of admirers of Dr. auto agencies, stocked with cars shipped di yesterday afternoon to pay their last respects Djerf did not attend the funeral. rect to Little Rock by sea, opened their doors to pediatrician Dr. Charles Djerf. Instead, as the funeral cortege wound its here. Dr. Djerf, a school committeeman for many way towards Blue Hill Cemetery, Braintree, The result of all this activity is a mlld years, the founder of Survival, Inc., and a scores of chlldren from the Willard Ele population boom. This state lost population participant in numerous organizations in the mentary school filled the schoolyard. A spe throughout the 1930s, the 1940s and most of city succumbed to heart disease Tuesday. cial group of youngsters-his patients-lined the 1950s. With the Arkansas River project, The Rev. Frank Bauer of the Wollaston the curb. the adverse trend has been turned around. Lutheran Church, in a brief eulogy, pointed As the procession slowed outside Dr. Population is now back where it was in out that Dr. Djerf's lengthy obituary made Djerf's medical building, the children saluted 1940--at about 2 million-and steadily no mention of any church afHliatlon. in a touching farewell to an old, good friend. rising. "He was not a member," Rev. Bauer con No one in this state doubts that the project tinued, "but I wonder how many churchmen has paid off. "It has exceeded the highest could bring together so many clergy and laity of so many diverse denominations." hopes of all its sponsors by far," Dale Bum CREW RESTORES SPARKLE TO pers, the attractive and energetic young "HIGHEST CALmER" DINGY CAPITOL MURALS Democratic governor said the other day. "He would have nothing to do with orga More important are the national implica nized religion . . . but Charles Djerf was a tions of what has been done here. Ecologists religionist of the highest caliber," the Rev. HON. GILBERT GUDE and environmentalists cannot on their own Mr. Bauer said. check forever the pressure for more and more "His list of accomplishments is staggering, OF MARYLAND development along the coasts. his services rendered to his nation, city and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At best they can slow down the headlong fellow men exhaust you just to read it," he Tuesday, March 13, 1973 growth. They can achieve full success only said. if the -pressure for growth which comes from "Long before 'getting involved' was part of Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, the current individuals and families and companies is our vocabulary, this man was living it, 24 decorating of the hallway on the first channeled elsewhere, as it has been here in hours a day, seven days a week. floor of the House wing of the Capitol the Arkansas River Valley. "He was always fighting for what was reminds me of the distinguished work of OXIX---480-Part 6 7602 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 the late Joseph Giacalone of Silver Cumberland, who does much of the re Asked if he sipped buttermilk while work Spring. storing himself, is helped by Joseph Giaca ing, Mr. Giacaloni explained that he uses it Mr. Giacalone was called to Washing lone, an Italian-born decorator, whose first to take the shine out o! the paintings here art job was coloring post cards as a boy in touches. He said the acid in the milk works ton during the depression to complete his native country. He later learned more of better than anything else. the Capitol dome frieze. It had been be his trade as a youth at New York City's He said he did not know how long the job gun by Constantine Brumidi who died Cooper Union. His assistants are his two will take. shortly after a fall from a scaffold. sons, Albert and Rudolph. The question did not seem to interest him Mr. Giacalone decorated St. Mary's particularly. Church here in the 1930's and, from the (From the Evening Star, Feb. 18, 1960] late 1940's, worked with his five sons. THE RAMBLER ••• CLIMBS A SCAFFOLD whom he trained, in restoring each year (By John McKelway} ESTATE TAXES the decorations in the Capitol and the Walking through the slush on Capitol Hill, Library of Congress. it was decided to see if any other capital He restored the ceiling of Speaker Sam paints the dome of its headquarters red. HON. J. J. PICKLE Rayburn's office and then, at Speaker The Library of Congress, which has most of OF TEXAS Rayburn's request, duplicated the ceiling the answers and a competent staff to find in the Rayburn Memorial Library at them, was across the street. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Bonham, Tex. He also restored the The Substitute Rambler decided not to Tuesday, March 13, 1973 enter the building by the dark, street-level Brumidi hallway in the Capitol. door but mounted the gray steps instead and Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, there is an Born in Palermo, Italy, in 1890, Mr. passed quickly through the main entrance, old saying that nothing is certain but Giacalone began painting there as a checked his coat and headed for the reading death and taxes, but as far as the In youngster and, at 14, went to New York room. ternal Revenue Service is concerned, to study decoration at Cooper Union. It was late in the afternoon and the great taxes are more certain, because they do Before coming to Washington in 1932, hall was empty, except for a blue uniform not end with the grave. Estate taxes have he worked on decorations in Grand Cen which moved slightly above, near a raiUng and in the vicinity of the Gutenberg Bibles. skyrocketed in the past decade to the tral Station and the Empire State Build The visitor found the subject of capitol point where many beneficiaries must sell ing. domes fading with the day and discovered, for all or most all of their inheritance simply Mr. Giacalone died last year in a the first time, how very beautiful the hall of to pay the taxes on it. Wheaton nursing home at 81. His sons the Library is. Because it is a building of Those who are hurt most by these live in Silver Spring. books and exhibits, few people ever really taxes are not just the very rich, who have Two excellent observers of the con stop and look around at the main hall-they pass quickly through and to the printed sizable estates, for they normally have gressional scene, Miss Elsie Carper of the their property managed by laWYers who washington Post and John McKelway of word. It is a cathedral of white marble columns know the ropes when it comes to paying the Evening Star reported on Mr. Gia which gracefully support a ceiling decorated fewer taxes. The taxes fall hardest on calone's work in 1957 and 1960, respec in red and blue and gold. The skylights are of the average citizen, who plans to leave a tively. The newspaper reports follow: stained glass, the floors are mosaic. It is the small estate behind, but through lack of (From the Washington Post-Times Herald, architecture of the Italian Renaissance which knowledge and expert advice actually Sep~. 30, 1957] blossomed in the 15th century. leaves his beneficiaries very little after CREW RESTORES SPARKLE TO DINGY CAPITOL On the top floor of the hall, in the south taxes. MURALS west corner, a comical scaffolding had been piled together and reached to the ce1Ung. Some of the traps into which the (By Elsie Carper) Michelangelo, who probably would feel per average citizen falls include the provi The Brumidi murals in the Capitol which fectly at home on his back on top of the sion that taxes must be paid on life in have grown dull and dirty during the past scaffold, was not there. But someone had surance proceeds, on profits from jointly century are being restored to brilliant life been working. The paintings, the intricate under the skillful hands of artist-decorators. owned businesses and property. and on designs, seems fresher than those at the other gifts made within the last 3 years of life. The murals that weave scenes and per end of the hall. sonalities from American history with stud And closer examination showed cracks in One of the most inequitable provisions ies of birds, animals and children are situ other sections of the ce1Ung. of estate tax law works against those who ated along ground floor corridors of the Sen Later, with Merton J. Foley and Irwin inherit farm or ranch property. Al ate wing. Boniface, the two top "buildings and though many States allow tax relief to The astounding variety of medallions and grounds" men at the library, the visitor farmlands, the Federal Government as nature studies, portraits and landscapes were climbed the 35-foot scaffolding. sesses inheritance property at "market painted nearly a hundred years ago by Con The celling is plaster, about an inch thick. stantino Brumidi, a political refugee from value"--on the basis of its potential as It is slightly rough and must have been dim speculative or development property. Italy. Frequently called the "Michelangelo of cult to paint on in such detail. the Capitol," Brumidi devoted the last 25 The two omcials explained that two men In this respect, I introduced H.R. 3863 years of his life "to make beautiful the Capi were working on the job, replastering and last month to provide an alternate meth tol of the one country on earth in which touching up the paintings. A palette covered od of figuring taxes on this type of in there is liberty." with gobs of green paint was resting on the heritance, in other words, to insure it is The Italian artist, who painted the large floor of the scaffold beside, incongruously, an assessed on the basis of what it is worth fresco of George Washington in the "eye" of empty half-pint carton labeled "buttermilk." as agricultural property. Under the pres the dome and was working on the encircling We climbed down the series of ladders and frieze when he died, drew his inspiration for ent system, the heirs to many family Mr. Foley said two Italians who normally farms and ranches are literally forced to the corridor decorations from the Vatican work over at the Capitol were handling the where he once was employed. job. They have been working for about two sell the property to pay taxes. Painting in the elaborate style of the 15th weeks and no one has been able to find out The current estate tax system and century, Brumidi covere~ the walls from how long it will take them. what the average citizen can do on his floor to vaulted ceiling with small, detailed The Library was started in 1886 and opened own to lower the inheritance tax burden and brilliantly colored figures. in 1897. A total of 50 painters and sculptors on his estate is examined in an article While the fresco paintings were done with worked on the building at one time or an from the March 1973 issue of the Amer water-mixed pigments on wet plaster, the other. They were the artisans o! the time ican Legion magazine which I present corridor paintings were executed in oll on a and restoration of their work is turned over below: dry surface. only to the few remaining artisans of today. The grime of a century obscured the de- It turned out the work on the ceiling is DEATH TAXES Wn.L GET You IF You DON'T tail of the corridor paintings and turned under the care of Joseph Giacaloni, 69, form WATCH OUT the once bright reds and greens of a par erly of Palermo, Italy, and his son, Arthur. (By Ralph Richards) rot's feathers and the yellow of a butterfly's Mr. Giaca.lon1, who came to the United Once upon a time, estate taxes were "soak wings to a dingy gray. States in 1902, has four other sons, all artists. the rich" schemes. Francis H. Cumberland, decorator-foreman Over the telephone, he told the Substitute Today, many white collar workers are of the Capitol Paint Shop, has assembled a Rambler the paintings were "very nice" in "rich" by such standards and their estates staff of three decorators who have carefully his opinion and had held up without any re may be taxable. washed the walls and ·are restoring the mu touching for 63 years. Some, he said, were A man can be poor in life, yet ·"rich" rals where plaster has been chipped and done in water color and some in oil. He fills enough in death to have his estate taxed be where the brushing of coat sleeves has worn in the ceiling cracks with plaster and then fore his heirs or beneficiaries can get their away the color. retouches. share. March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7603 These days an estate that can hardly sup tax, but a small tax that is paid to the state depends, of course, on how large the man's port a beneficiary at the poverty level can and taken credit for on the tax paid to the whole estate is and what the estate tax be subject to death taxes. Federal Government. bracket wtll be. Federal estate taxes start at There are two things that have brought But some states do impose an additional 3 per cent and go up as high as 77 per cent. estate taxes down to the level of those of and separate tax, which I call a tax on the There is, however, a perfectly legitimate very moderate means. One is inflation, and right to inherit. Such taxes are not ba.sed way in which more usual types of insurance the other is the inclusion of life insurance on the total size of the estate, but merely on can be carried on a man's llfe and stlll not proceeds in an estate for tax purposes. · the size of the inheritance received by an have the proceeds included in his estate for Infiation has steadily reduced the size heir or beneficiary. In other words, the tax tax purposes. This can be accomplished by in real value-of estates thMi may be subject collector of a state that levies an inheritance having the policy owned by the wife, or to death taxes. tax says to you: "Hey, Mac, you were pretty daughter or son, or someone other than the The amount of the exemption from fed lucky to inherit that $10,000 from your Uncle man whose life is insured. Assuming that eral estate taxes has changed from time to Harry, and I want my cut out of it." Just the policy is to be owned by the wife, she time. The present exemption of $60,000 was to give you a general idea as to taxes of this should be designated right on the face of established back in 1939, when $60,000 was kind, here is a list of the maximum inherit the pollcy as the owner thereof. If the wife a lot more money than lit is now, as the ac ance taxes imposed by some of our larger pays the premiums out of her own independ tual value of dollars has become less and states: ent funds, and the husband has no control less with the cheapening of our currency. California, 24%. over the policy in any way, then it is not an Thus, we can have such cases as a single Florida, None. asset of the husband whose life is insured, man, the sole support of his crippled sister, Georgia, None. it need not be listed as an asset on the federal who dies and leaves her a $35,000 home, a Illinois, 30%. estate tax return when he is deceased, and $40,000 life insurance policy and-after debts Massachusetts, 19.3%. the proceeds of the policy are not subject to are paid-furniShings and a car worth $5,000. New Jersey, 16%. any tax at all. If the wife pays the premiums That is an $80,000 estate. How rich does it New York, None. with money that her husband gives her dur make the sister? Pennsylvania, 15%. ing the last three years of his life, then the Her $35,000 home is no palace today. Her Texas, 20%. Treasury Department may attempt to tax life insurance proceeds can earn her $2,400 The federal estate tax is, of course, the the proceeds of the policy, or some of them, a year if invested at six per cent. Yearly same in every state, and that is what we will under the "gift of contemplation of death" taxes on the home are $1,200 and going up, discuss. The law requires the filing of a theory. So the safest procedure, of course, is leaving her another $1,200 to live on and federal estate tax return on every estate to have the wife pay the premiums out of her going down. having gross assets of more than $60,000. own independent funds. But even if the hus It is plain that when the brother dies he There may not be any tax due, but, neverthe band does give the wife the money with owns almost nothing beyond the insurance less, the return must be filed within nine which to pay the premiums, or some of them, policy he has kept up to protect his sister, months after date of death. If there is a tax there is a good chance that the bulk of the except his own modest home and its con due, it must be paid when the return is proceeds of the policy wlll escape taxation. tents. It is equally plain that the sister can filed. On the other hand, the entire proceeds wlll not live from the estate, unless she sells the The federal estate tax return is known as certainly be included in the man's estate for house and finds much meaner living quar Internal Revenue Service Form 706, and it tax purposes if he owns the policy and pays ters. But this estate is $20,000 over the ex is quite a document. I have one here and will the premiums himself. emption of $60,000, so it is subject to a fed try to explain it. Schedule E of the federal estate tax return eral estate tax in the approximate amount of Schedule A covers real estate, Schedule B covers jointly owned property. I think there *1,600. Under such circumstances, it is rather covers stocks and bonds, and Schedule C is even more misunderstanding about the ridiculous to keep thinking of estate taxes covers mortgages, notes and cash. There is taxation of jointly owned property than there as the sole concern of the rich. nothing difficult or unusual about these is about the proceeds of life insurance. For There are, however, ways to avoid or mini schedules, and the various assets are simply some reason there seems to be a general im mize estate taxes. Our courts have held that listed with the value of each. pression that property placed in joint owner it is the duty of a man to arrange his af Schedule D covers life insurance, and there ship is beyond the reach of the tax collector. fairs in such a manner that he and his estate is a good deal of misunderstanding about Nothing could be further from the truth. will not pay unnecessary taxes, and this every this because of the many changes that have Not only is there no tax savings to be gained man should do. been made in the law with respect to the by placing property in joint ownership, but Men of substantial means usually study taxation of life insurance proceeds. sometimes joint ownership brings on addi these matters, either themselves or through For many years after the federal estate tax tional taxes that could have been avoided. competent estate planners, and manage was first imposed, life insurance proceeds Let me give you an actual example that came their affairs so as to be taxed the least. They were not taxed at all. Then the law was to my attention some years ago. are also likely to keep the best records of changed, and for a time life insurance was A man and his wife went into business their financial transactions, and to know taxed only if payable to the estate of a de together. They had one daughter and the what records are likely to serve their heirs ceased, but not if payable to an individual. wife died about the time the daughter was best when the federal estate tax collector Then there was another change in the law, grown. Thereafter, the father and daughter comes around. But many people who don't and all life insurance proceeds were included operated the business together, and it soon consider themselves rich have never learned in estates for tax purposes, but there was a began to make money. As the years went by what records may be important to minimize special exemption of $40,000. Finally, the law and the profits increased, they became very the taxes on their estates. was changed again; the special exemption substantial. For some reason this man and It is possible to handle llfe insurance so was abolished. his daughter never consulted an attorney, a that all or some of its proceeds wlll not be So, at the present time, all proceeds of an tax accountant, or an estate planner of any taxed in your estate. insurance policy on a person's life must be sort. They simply listened to curbstone ad Til-advised decisions about joint ownership included in his estate for taxation just the vice, and this advice was that if they would of property or business ventures may result same as any other asset. just place everything _in their joint names, in needless estate taxation. That is, the proceeds must be included then their assets would be completely beyond It is possible to reduce your estate while if the policy was owned by the person who the reach of the tax collector. you live by making gifts that will reduce the died. By the time this man died, he and his death tax. It is possible, of course, for a man's life daughter had accumulated several hundred The provisions of a will with respect to pro to be insured under a policy owned by some thousand dollars. Every dime of it was in perty left to a husband or wife may resul·t in one other than himself, and this is frequent vested in securities that were registered in more or less estate taxes. ly advisable. Yet with some types of insur the names of the father and daughter "as A short article cannot give anyone a com ance, it is impossible. Take the case of a joint tenants with right of survivorship." plete education in these matters, but it can businessman who is required to make a trip When the daughter sent the stocks in to be alert you to the general situation. and decides to go by air. Before embarking transferred to her name, the corporations Actually, there are two kinds of death on his plane he goes to an insurance agent refused to make such a transfer without taxes. One is the estate tax, which I call a in the airport, pays for a $150,000 pollcy and proof of the fact that death taxes had been tax on the right to die, and it is levied on gets on the plane with the rather comfort paid on her father's estate. It was at this the total value of the assets of an estate. able feeling that at least his wife wlll have point that she came in to see me, and asked The principal tax of this kind is, of course, an extra $150,000 1f the plane falls down. me to explain to the corporations that there the federal estate tax imposed by our na He is automatically considered the owner of could be no tax on her father's estate be tional government. A portion of this tax-a the policy, and his Wife will not have an cause all of the assets were jointly owned. small portion-is credited to the state where extra $150,000, and perhaps not anywhere She was terribly shocked when I told her that joint ownership could not avoid taxes, the deceased lived. Some of the states also near that much, for the $150,000 proceeds of and that the tax on her father's estate-in impose estate taxes, but in a large number the policy will have to be included in this cluding all the jointly owned stocks-would of cases-including Florida--the amount of man's estate for tax purposes. Uncle Sam be in the neighborhood of $100,000. She re the state tax is limited to the amount that will take a bite out of it. In fact, it is quite fused to believe me until she had consulted can be claimed as a credit on the federal possible that the tax collector will get more a tax specialist and gotten the same advice tax. Thus, this is not really an additional of the insurance proceeds than the wife. This from him. 7604 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 When the daughter finally reluctantly re value of the stocks will be taxed in the hus to his wife, or to his children, such gifts are signed herself to the filing of a federal estate band's estate. Ordinarily, such proof is diffi quite obviously made in contemplation of tax return, she asked me to include only cult or impossible to furnish. How many death. In between these two extremes, there one half of the securities in the return be wives have intermingled inherited or earned are an infinite number of cases where gifts cause the other half-she said-belonged to assets with their husband's assets and can are made under circumstances that may or her. I told her I would try to have one half still prove where they came from? So usually may not involve contemplation of death. of the securities exempted from taxation, but the en tire value of the jointly owned property For many years the tax collector was per that I was not at all sure the Treasury De is taxed in the estate of the husband where mitted to claim contemplation of death with partment would go along with this. he is the first one to die. Conversely, if the respect to any gift, whenever made, and as When the estate tax return was turned wife dies first, then all jointly owned prop a result there were countless disputes and a over to an agent for audit, the agent came erty must be listed in her estate tax return. vast amount of litigation on this subject. in to talk to us about the situation. The If the husband has furnished the money to Finally, the taxpayer got a break, and in daughter said she and her father had always purchase some of the jointly owned assets, 1950, Congress amended the law to provide been partners in the business, and that all then he must furnish absolute proof of that that the Treasury Department could claim profits belonged to them 6D-50. The agent fact if he is going to avoid having such as that a gift was made in contemplation of asked her whether she and her father had sets taxed in his wife's estate. death only if the gift was made within the ever had a partnership agreement, and she Among other things, there is a message last three years of the taxpayer's life. There said they had not. She said she didn't con here about keeping better records than many fore, if you are planning to make substantial sider such an agreement necessary since she people keep. gifts in order to reduce the death taxes on was in business with her own father. The It is usually a good idea to have the family your estate, I would advise you very strongly agent took the position that under these home held in joint ownership, where it is the to be sure to live three years after the gift circumstances the business was presumed to intention of both parties that the survivor is completed. belong to the father as the head of the fam shall own the property absolutely in the case Perhaps I should make one point clear in ily, that the daughter was merely an em of the death of one of them. connection with this matter. If a man makes ployee, and that all the securities were fully Also, where a man wants to make sure a gift, pays a gift tax on it, and then dies taxable in the father's estate. The result was that his wife w111 have immediate funds in within three years, the amount of the gift a very heavy estate tax, practically all of the event of his death, it is a good idea to will probably be included in his estate for which could have been legitimately avoided. keep the desired amount (rather than all death tax purposes on the ground that it was If these people had had the proper advice they own) in a joint bank or savings and made in contemplation of death. However, at the outset, they would have divided the loan account. Then he will know that these in that event, the estate is entitled to a credit profits as they came in-placing half in the funds are immediately available to his wife in the amount of the gift tax paid. In other father's name and half in the daughter's in the event of his death, since they belong words, the same asset is not subject to both name. Later on, when the father reached re to the survivor on the spot without need to gift taxes and death taxes. tirement age, he should have adopted a gift probate a will first. All of this does mean that you can reduce program whereby he gradually transferred as Thus, there are cases in which joint owner your taxable estate by adopting a gift plan sets to his daughter until his total assets ship is beneficial and desirable. However, for and making gifts to the intended benefici were down to $60,000 or less, at which point reasons that I have outlined, I would not aries under your will over a period of years. there would have been no death tax at an advise joint ownership to any ex·tent in sub Only the gifts made during the last three on his estate. It is possible that the gifts to stantial estates--at least without the advice years of your life can be attacked as gifts the daughter would have involved some gift of a competent estate planner. in contemplation of death, and even these tax, but this would have been relatively Schedule F of the federal estate tax return gifts will not be included in your estate if it small. covers miscellaneous property, so here we can be shown that they were made pursuant I do not mean to say that joint ownership list all assets that do not fit any other sched to a long-term gift plan. should never be used. It is a very useful de ule. There is no special point to make about Let me give you an actual example of vice under some circumstances. But a man Schedule F. what can be accomplished by a proper gift may pay a penalty if he does not know what Schedule G covers "transfers during de program. Many years ago I represented Mr. he is doing when he enters into a joint owner cedent's life," and here is another matter X, and when he was 60 years old he came in ship arrangement. that does not seem to be very widely under to talk to me about his affairs. He had an In cases where a husband and wife have stood. "Transfers" are often gifts made while estate of about a million dollars, most all of total assets so small that there is no possibil the deceased still lived. it in real estate. He was a widower, with two ity of any estate taxes, and where they a.re This matter of death taxes--and all taxes, children and several grandchildren. If he very certain that they want the survivor to for that matter-causes a running battle be had died right then, with no marital deduc own all the assets outright in the case of tween the taxpayer and the tax collector. tion the death tax on his estate would have the death of one of them, then there are Every time the taxpayer finds a loophole that been well over $300,000. I advised him to definite advantages in placing their assets- will enable him to save some taxes, the tax adopt a gift program, and he agreed. It is or practically all of them-in joint owner collector gets Congress to change the laws so rather diffl.cult to give away real estate by ship. Sometimes the delay and expense of as to plug the loophole. When federal estate degrees, so we solved this problem by form probating a will can be avoided in this way. taxes were first imposed many years ago, there ing a corporation and having him convey all Let me make it clear, however, that a federal was no such thing as a gift tax; therefore, of his real estate to the corporation. All of estate tax return will have to be filed if the when a wealthy man got old or sick or the stock in the corporation was originally joint assets exceed $60,000, even though no thought he was likely to die, he proceeded owned by hin'l. We then worked out a pro tax is payable. Where all property is jointly to reduce the taxes on his estate--or perhaps gram under which he would give a certain owned by the husband and wife, there is no eliminate them altogether-by giving a large number of shares of stock in the corporation death tax unless the assets exceed $120,000. share of his assets to his wife and children. to each of his children and to each of his This is because of the marital deduction, Congress countered this move by passing a grandchildren every year. Fortunately, he which I will discuss a little later. But a re law placing a tax on gifts, and at the present lived some 20 years after adopting the gift turn must still be filed if the assets exceed time the gift tax rates are approximately program, and by that time he had given $60,000. three-fourths of the death tax rates. away so much of the stock that the taxes The chief reason that joint ownership is I won't go into the rather complicated on his estate were very small. Most people not advisable in large estates is because the subject of gift taxes, but in general a man can't hope to save as much as $300,000 in Treasury Department always takes the posi has to pay a gift tax every time he gives away death taxes, but a proper gift program can tion that jointly owned assets are the prop monev or assets in excess of certain limits save taxes for any man who has a substantial erty of the first joint owner who happens to prescribed bv the law. But even when he com estate. die, and the burden is on the estate to prove pletes a gift during his lifetime, and pays The remaining schedules in the estate tax otherwise. For example, let's suppose that a a gift tax on it, the amount of the gift may return provide the brighter side of the pic wife inherits $25,000 from her father, that still be included in his estate for federal ture. They cover deductions that may be her husband contributes $25,000 from his estate tax purposes. made from the gross amount of an estate own funds, and that they take the $50,000 Gifts made in contemplation of death are before it is taxed. and buy stocks that are registered in their taxable in a man's estate just as though the The ordinary deductions include any debts joint names. Then let's suppose that the gift had not been made, and this brings on owed by the deceased, hts funeral expenses, man dies some years later, and a tax return the very difficult question of when a gift is and all costs of administering his estate. All ha.s to be filed on his estate. Since these or is not made in contemplation of death. bequests to charity are deductible, which ac stocks were jointly owned, they must be Suppose a young man of 30, in excellent listed in the return, and the Treasury De- counts for the fact that very wealthy men health, inherits a million dollars from his frequently leave a large portion of their partment will take the position that the father and decides to give half of it to his estates to churches, hospitals or similar in stocks belong to the husband and are wholly wife. Obviously, such a gift is not made in stitutions. They simply prefer to have their taxable in his estate. If the wife furnished contemplation of death. At the other ex estates go to charity rather than to the tax one half of the proceeds that went into the treme, suppose a man of 80 is told by his collector. purchase of these stocks, and these funds doctor that he has incurable cancer and But the most important deduction of all, came from her father or some source other cannot live more than a few months. If this if the deceased was married and left a sur than her husband, then only one half of the man then proceeds to make substantial gifts viving spouse, 1s what we call the "marital March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7605 deduction." This feature of the law was first death. This change in the law became effec The democratic tradition hasn't gone on included in the 1948 Internal Revenue Code, tive January 1, 1971. for over 200 years in this country for notli which is the same code that first permitted In an article in this magazine last Septem ing. There are still a lot of people in govern husbands and wives to file joint income tax ber on the financial effects of moving from ment here who wlllinsist on telling the trutb, returns. So it may safely be said that the one state to another, I mentioned briefiy the even if they are hounded out of Washington 1948 Code gave the American taxpayer the fact that any state where you ever lived for doing so, and most reporters wm go to best break he has ever received. might want to tax your estate when you die, jail rather than squeal on them because they Under the marital deduction, all property if it is a state with a death tax. were faithful to the larger interests of the interests passing to one's surviving spouse, Perhaps I should repeat here the suggestion nation. up to one half of his or her estate, are de that 1f you move from one state to another, ductible in computing taxes. In other words, you should be sure to take all of your mov Because of its wisdom and timeliness, if a man leaves his wife at least one half of able property with you. This, of course, in Mr. Speaker, I offer the full text of Mr. his estate, the gross value of his estate is cut cludes stocks, bonds, promissory notes, bank Reston's column, printed in the Sacra right in half for the purpose of computing accounts and any other movable property. mento, Calif., Bee on February 11, 1973: death taxes. And the same principle applies, And you should, in your various legal docu of course, if the deceased is a woman and ments, file a clear record of the state which REPORTERS WILL REFUSE DEMAND leaves a surviving husband. Whatever she you consider to be your legal residence. This (By James Reston) leaves her husband, up to one half of her may help prevent your former state or states WASHINGTON.-At some point, Oliver Wen estate, may be deducted in computing taxes. from taxing what you leave behind in this dell Holmes or some other philosophic after It may be supposed that most married world. dinner speaker must have said that there people leave their spouses at least one half There have been cases of wealthy men with was more to life than the law, and this may of their estates. Under those circumstances, homes or other property located in several be what the courts have overlooked by try when the first of two married people dies, states whose entire property was claimed for ing to compel newsmen to disclose the there is no tax unless the estate exceeds death tax purposes by the demands of nu sources of their information and turn over $120,000. merous states, each of which maintained that their notes to the legal authorities. A man may love his wife very much and the departed was one of its own. In its 5-4 decision in the Caldwell case, want her to have the benefit of all of his On a smaller scale, this sort of multiple the majority of the Supreme Court said: assets, but not outright ownership of the state taxation can be infiicted on people of "These courts have ... concluded that the assets. This he can accomplish by establish- lesser means if they move about among the First Amendment (freedom of the press) in . ing one or more trusts for her benefit. He states and do not take precautions in ad terest asserted by the newsman was out may have many motives for doing this. He vance. And 1f they leave property in more weighed by the general obligation of a citizen may want to preserve the assets of his estate than one state their wills may have to be pro to appear before a grand jury or at trial, for his children and grandchildren after his bated in more than one. pursuant to a subpoena, and give what in spouse dies. He may believe that his wife We have often heard that nothing is cer formation he possesses ... We are asked ... 1s so innocent in money matters and invest tain but death and taxes. One brings on the to grant newsmen a testimonial privilege that ments that she may become a prey for con other, as far as estate taxes are concerned. other citizens do not enjoy. This we decline men. But some forms of trusts may make to do." the estate ineligible for the marital deduc So this is now the law, but it leaves out of tion-and substantially increase the estate account some of the practical problems of tax. NEWSMEN'S NOTES ILLEGIBLE ANY life. The Supreme Court majority opinion The advice of a competent estate planner WAY, REPORTERS OBSERVE seems to rest on two assumptions: First, that is essential in setting up trusts of this kind. newsmen keep notes that make sense to any A trust can be set up in such a manner that body but themselves, and second, that re it will qualify for the marital deduction. porters would rather disclose their sources The great value of the marital deduction HON. JEROME R. WALDIE than go to jail. will be more apparent 1f I quote you a few OF CALIFORNIA Have you ever seen a reporter's notes? figures. An estate of $120,000 without the Wouldn't any serious judge rea.lly accept most marital deduction will pay a tax of approx IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES of them in evidence? They are a jumble of imately $9,500. The same estate with the Tuesday, March 13, 1973 phrases, home-made shorthand, disconnected marital deduction pays no tax at all. An words, names, wisecracks by press-table com estate of $200,000 without the marital deduc Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, largely panions, lunch dates, doodles, descriptions of tion pays a tax of approximately $32,700. The overlooked in the controversy currently somebody's necktie or expression, and large same estate, with the marital deduction, raging over the subpenaing of news and apparently significant numbers, prob pays a tax of approximately $4,800. An estate men's notes is the virtually unanimous ably reminding the reporter of nothing more of half a million dollars without ma.rital testimony of reporters that they them than his next deadline. deduction pays a tax of approximately selves cannot read or decipher their own This is not quite as casual or irresponsible $126,500. The same estate with marital de as it sounds. By his notes, the reporter 1s. duction pays a tax of approximately $47,700. notes longer than a day after they are sending signals to himself. For a few hours, As of what date is an estate evaluated for written, and perhaps on occasion not for he knows what the squiggles on his paper tax purposes? This could be very important, that long. mean. By putting them there, he puts them as we learned back in 1929, when estates If this is true, the argument that news in his mind. Ask him a week later what they paid taxes based on their value at the date men's confidential notes are vital to the mean, and he'd probably be totally lost. of death. efficient administration of justice would No American judge, even with the wisdom Some wealthy men were unfortunate seem clearly erroneous. of Holmes or Brandeis, or the experience o:r enough to die just before the great stock Chief Justice Burger, who grew up with one market crash. The securities of these estates This insightful observation was re of the most remarkable generations of Amer had to be valued as of the date of death. cently made in a characteristically wise ican journalists in Minnesot~Hedley Dono By the time the executors got around to commentary by Mr. James Reston of the van, the editor of Time, Eric Sevareid of CBS~ filing the returns and paying the tax, the New York Times. He argues: Phll Potter of the Baltimore Sun, Dick Wil value of the securities had dropped to the Have you ever seen a reporter's notes? son of the Cowles papers, and many others- point where the tax took practically every Would any serious judge really accept most could possibly figure out the mysteries of thing that was left. of them in evidence? They are a jumble of reporters' notes even with the help of all the As a result of this situation, Congress wrote phrases, home-made shorthand, disconnected cryptographers in the republic. into law a feature we call the "optional val words, names, wisecracks by press-table com On the question of going to jall rather uation date." This provision originally gave panions, lunch dates, doodles, descriptions than disclosing the sources of information~ the executor the option of valuing the assets of somebody's necktie or expression, and large the chances are that the newspaper tradition of the estate either as of the date of death and apparently significant numbers, probably of keeping promises, of being faithful to the or as of one year after date of death. The reminding the reporter of nothing more than people who have faith in them, will prob tax return was then required to be filed, and his next deadline. ably prevail long after the present adminis the tax paid, within fifteen months after date tration and the present controversy over the of death. There is, at the same time, a second First Amendment have passed. In 1969, Congress was on one of its fre and profoundly serious thread running The democratic tradition hasn't gone on quent hunts for more revenue, or more through Mr. Reston's column. It is the for over 200 years in this country for noth quickly collected revenue. As a result, the law simple but important observation that ing. There are still a lot of people in gov was changed so that the optional valuation whatever the executive, judicial, or legis ernment here who will insist on telling the period 1s now only six months instead of one lative branches may do, newsmen will truth, even if they are hounded out of Wash year. Thus, the assets of an estate may now be ington for doing so, and most reporters wm valued either as of date of death, or as of six continue to honor the ethic of their pro go to jail rather than squeal on them because months after date of death. Present law re fession which calls on them to refuse to they were faithfUl to the larger interests of quires that the tax return be filed and the disclose confidential sources and news the nation. tax paid within nine months from date of gathering information. He points out: Besides, jail for serious reporters, trying to 7606 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973
Investigate the corruption of power, in either THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL WEHRKUNDE-EN fa.mlliar with the manifestations of a.nti party, is not the worst thing that can happen COUNTER IN MUNICH-MAINTAINING MILI xnllitarism-demonstra.tions, and protest to them. There is so much corruption, and TARY SECURITY IN AN ERA OF DETENTE meetings, and the semiautomatic champion they chase it under such unequal circum (By Peter Blaker) ing of the rebel cause often without regard stances, even to the point of physical ex to its justice. Defence authorities, like police haustion, that many of them would almost There are two lines in one of Shakespeare's authorities, suffer acutely from a. common welcome a. little relief from the tyranny of late and metaphysical sonnets in which the and vocal conviction that Authority is neces the dea.dlme to think and read, even in the poet addresses his soul: sarily an oppressor. It is not pa.cificism-in a. pokey. "Why so large cost, having so short a. lease, violent society honest pacificism has its prob Besides, the White House and the courts, Does thou upon thy fading mansion spend?" lems as much as defence does. I think it is (Sonnet 146) 1n this controversy with the press and the more a fear of what is believed to be a. mind television and radio networks over the last The feelings of large sectors of the public less and infinitely dangerous defence a.utom- couple of years, have made their point and towards military forces are somewhat similar. 8/ton which is interested only in itself, not won most of the battles. They have created If I gauge public opinion correctly, these in people. an atmosphere of anxiety, if not fear, among lines capture rather well what some people It is interesting, and might be helpful, to the Washington civil servants, who are the are saying to us: "Why are you spending so speculate how this feeling has come about. real source of information in this city. The much money-25 billion dollars in Western It would be accepted, I think, that it is a. NiXon administration lost the Pentagon Europe alone every year-on a. luxury you relatively new feeling, expressed in the main papers case in the Supreme Court, and the cannot afford, a. luxury which even if you by the post-war generation of about univer Watergate bugging case in the federal district could maintain it in the proper state de sity age, but by no means confined to them court but they won the Caldwell case, and manded by its own logic has for many years some older sceptics are identifying them the word has gone out to the civil servants been irrelevant to the modern world and is selves with the view. Many people in Britain and the press to be very careful about talking -becoming increasingly so; you wlll not be would claim a. connexion with the ending too much or exposing too much. And this is able to evade your responsibllities much of conscription, and the taste of discipline it probably the signal the administration longer, because the public wlll not stand for fed the young, which coincided with the wanted to get over in the first place. it: your lease is running out." In this paper emergence of the new hostllity. I would not But American life and tradition are still I want to examine this mood which makes agree; nor, I think would my NATO col too strong to be overwhelmed by intimida the job of running the defense machine so leagues: it is coincidence, nothing more. The tion of the civil servants or orders by the much more difficult, looking at how and why reasons are deeper than a simple absence Supreme Court to hand over an the infor the mood makes itself felt. I shall play the of experience of authority, although one of mation reporters possess about their sources Devil's Advocate and develop the sort of case the main ones is not unconnected: twenty and in their notes. The reporters won't break against defense which seems to be in minds seven years of peace in Europe. Or at least their promises to their sources, even if they of so many people today and which we can absence of war. This has led to a. belief, not have to go to jail, and most of them won't not ignore; placing special emphasis on the necessarily conscientious, that wars can never turn over their notes, though it would be the job ofrunning the defence machine so be necessary, and that therefore all things a. puzzle to the judges and the juries if they fence activity, let alone increased levels of mllita.ry are likewise unnecessary. This be actually did. defence activity, appear incongruous. I then lief has been perhaps reinforced by a. con propose to fight back setting out some of the sciousness of the waning of European power facts and figures of what we are doing and after world war II; by more recent con why. I shall admit to the semblance of a frontations-Biafra, Bangladesh; and I fear, paradox but go on to explain it and set ADDRESS OF HON. PETER BLAKER, most dramatically and immediately, by the out the arguments which I think should be conflict in Vietnam. War in the abstract, UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE used in countering attacks on defence. Final war in which peoples' loyalties are involved FOR ARMY OF THE UNITED KING ly, in preparation for our discussion, I shall only at many removes, has thanks to tele DOM, DELIVERED AT THE lOTI! make a. few observations on the problems of vision been brought into peoples' homes in ANNUAL WEHRKUNDE MEETING getting this message across. all its horror. As a result people have not IN MUNICH, GERMANY, FEBRU First, I am right in thinking defence un been prepared to analyse the justice of popular? Some would say that I am not. ARY 25, 1973 causes, only to revile the destructiveness of They would point out that in Britain we warfare and the irrelevance of the political are successfully running volunteer armed framework that allows it: the concept of HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON forces, and that while our recruiting targets, "defence". totalling well over 40,000 a. year, are by no In addition to this, people have begun to OF NEW YORK means met in full every year, nevertheless we look further into the means and methods of .IN fflE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES do get the great majority of the men we warfare, and have concluded that, even with Tuesday, March 13, 1973 need: that is a. sure indication that defence in its own terms, war is wanton and un is not regarded with host1lity. Or taking the necessarily cruel. Incendiary weapons, chem "Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, last issue a difterent way, it might be said that ical weapons, biological weapons, nuclear month, in company with the distin serious intellectual discussion of defence has weapons: all catch at the emotions. And guished senior Senator from Texas (Mr. never been so widespread as in recent years. simultaneously a. welcome altruism is de There is informed comment in the media, and veloping in the young's perception of social TowER) and the able gentleman from many institutes have begun to concentrate Indiana (Mr. BRADEMAS) I had the privi relations-answer enough to those who think on defence issues and to do important re conscription alone could instil a. sense of lege of attending the lOth annual meet search which complements the work of gov service and responsibllity. A conviction that ing of the Wehrkunde organization in ernment defence departments. Defence has the strong should assist the weak, that the Munich, Germany. "Wehrkunde" is a become an important specialization in the rich should help the poor, as a. basic princi ·small private organization whose purpose study of international relations. Defence, in ple of human conduct. In this frame of ref 'it is to study the military defense situa fact, enjoys a fair degree of popularity in erence defence is to some the prime exa.mple both practical and academic terms. tion in Western Europe, basically within of the strong and rich helping themselves. I do not deny any of this. We in Britain are I am not suggesting that I have been out the NATO area. Those attending its ses proud of our volunteer forces and are en lining logical thought processes; only that I .sions are government officials, military couraged by the level of debate in which we have touched on some of the factors--espe men, journalists, diplomats, businessmen, take part on defence issues. But is the public cially the emotive factors-which predispose :and certain private citizens. as a. whole aware of defence as a. fundamental people to think in one way, rather than One of the scheduled "papers" at this part of national and European endeavour another. Nor am I criticizing people for be meeting was presented by the Army Sec not defence the provider of jobs or defence ing uncritical. As I shall explain later, my the rich seam of academic theses? I cannot retary of the United Kingdom, Mr. Peter belief is that people draw the wrong con escape the feeling that defence 1s not one of clusions because they are not given the op "Blaker. Because I believe that Mr. those subjects which, like so many economic portunity to know the full picture. Blaker's remarks underscore some of the or industrial issues for example, hold atten This then is the mood of underlying hos ·problems which any democracy faces in tion in cafes, in schools and university com tUity which dictates the way people, espe maintaining a strong defense these days, mon rooms. cially young people, regard defence issues. and also because it points up the realism It is more than this. The man in the Let me pursue this a. little further, narrow ·and the determination of our British street shows either complacency or no posi ing my perspective to concentrate on the way :allies in carrying through this job-a tive interest. He does not think about defence these attitudes could and do take expres or security at all, and I feel bound to say that sion as a more thoughtful attack on defence, .side we here in this country do not always often his attitude 1s shared by many of his particularly defence in Europe. get a chance to see and to understand representative in parliament! But younger The Devil's Advocate might first ask why ! am happy to bring this fine address to people show a negative interest in the form we are dong it at all. We cannot seriously be the attention of my colleagues: sometimes of open hostility. We are all lieve that he would say there is a. risk of March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7607 another major conflict. Who would be so posefulness so that Europe, which has been minished security but at a lower level of foolish? Do we think that if we removed all an eruptive point, should not be the starting forces: That would be a giant step forward. our forces, and disbanded them, anythln.g point of another war. We can see clearly that Unfortunately it will be a difficult step to would change? The relationships between reaction, militarism and revenge-seekers of ma.ke for many good and practical reasons: major powers have now stabilized to the various hues have not given up their attempts it is not easy to judge the relative capab111- point where there is an excellent understand to turn the whole course of affairs in Europe ties of forces as disparate as those of NATO ing between them about the realities of the back into the past. But this shall not come or the Warsaw Pact, or to assess what reduc international balance of interests. The mili true: "To persist in maintaining our mili tions would leave the balance of security un tary aspect is irrelevant now: it is an eco tary posture in the face of such a Soviet impaired. The sad fact is that no straight nomic burden that creates more problems attitude-so runs the accusation-is to be forward reductions can do this. One reason than it solves. For example, he would not unashamedly provocative. To argue as we for this is the Warsaw Pact's numerical su continue NATO, because simply by existing have done against making any reductions in periority over NATO: we cannot forget that NATO obliges the Warsaw Pact to exist and force levels and for improving our defence on the Central Front the Warsaw Pact has at vice versa. It perpetuates Cold War atti capabilities is to guarantee that progress present twice as many men as NATO; 17,000 tudes-suspicion and distrust--and keeps towards detente will be stymied. tanks to NATO's 4,200; and 5,000 pieces of ar states apart, where good sense demands they That, I think, is how an argument might tillery to NATO's 1,800. Another is the War should cooperate together. The very existence run and I hope I have indicated the sort of saw Pact's geographical advantages of speedy of a defence posture indicates a failure of thinking that might lie beneath it. Now let reinforcement as compared to NATO having dlplomacya or worse, a conscious desire to us shift the frame of reference and examine to move across the Atlantic Ocean. It will be wield power at the expense of others. In our how governments, and in particular Defence no quick or easy task to unravel the com alleged desire to show the East we are just Ministers, perceive these same issues; and plexities of MBFR and knit them into prog as strong as they, we have to rely on weapons see the extent to which our critics are at ress. of unparalleled destructiveness. To possess tacking real as opposed to imaginary targets. Western Governments, I suggest, are the capability of blowing the world apart. Governments, despite what may be claimed firmly committed to the pursuit of detente. By what right do we gamble in this way to the contrary, are probably as well placed as Any other policy would be unthinkable. But with the lives of ordinary people? Will the any to appreciate the unspeakable horrors of we must secure the substance of detente, not earth itself be able to support the survivors war. Let no one accuse Authority of enjoying the shadow. Certainly we see as our long of our holocaust? Will not future generations war as a game. We engage in defence in term aim a reduction in the expenditure we inherit the scars of our recklessness? And order to ensure that countries do not have allot to defence, to enable resources to be of course, we could always do it by mistake. to make a sacrifice. Defence is the price we released to further other national priorities To keep up this charade, the critic would pay for avoiding war. We engage in detente which might be of more direct positive bene argue, we are spending in the West about in order to ensure that that price is as low fit to our countries. But only as the result of 3Y2% of our combined Gross National Prod as possible. We share the aspiration of our a long and gradual process. Defence costs, ucts on a counter-productive phantasm. critics: a world Without armaments, a world like all other costs, rise. The cost of main Britain is spending 5Y2 percent. That money without greed, a world in which interna taining any given capabllity relative to one's could help the under-privileged, at home tional cooperation and individual prosperity adversary tends over a period of time to in and abroad; improve health and education provide all the security we need. We do not crease in real terms: Volunteer manpower for services; and contribute to national pros agree with our critics that a world Without example is increasingly expensive-it has to perity. And in addition we could be said to armaments is necessarily a secure world be in order to attract the men to maintain be commandeering large proportions of na yet. We do not think that we are mature a satisfactory manning position-and at tional resources to meet our private ends: enough-yet--to be able to pool our interests tempts to reduce manpower costs by design we are forcing large numbers of men to ac and pursue them without the stablllty given ing equipment which needs fewer men to run quire a taste for violence, and removing them us by a system of alliances based ultimately it quickly increase an equipment bill which from the productive labour force; we are on the threat of resort to arms to protect is likely to be escalating independently as a occupying much industrial productive ca our rights to self-determination. We are result of the increased subtlety of weapon pacity With the manufacture of defence cynical enough not to pin too much faith in systems. Reducing forces therefore does not equipment and depriving the economy of a world without greed. Yet we do believe that necessarily mean lower defence expenditure growth. the growth of the European Economic com if the relative balance of security is to be It is useless to point to weaknesses in the munity marks one means of progress towards maintained. argument in terms of economic or interna our ultimate common goal. So does the pur We are left nevertheless with the paradox tional relations theory. I indicated earlier suit within that framework of realistic meas that, at a time when tensions are relaxing, how this approach is based upon a condi ures of arms control and disarmament. we are spending more money in the very tioned emotional response. But its main ele We therefore welcome Ostpolitik. We wel area ~hich on a superficial view seems most ments are that defence is worse than un come SALT. We are taking part in the CSCE likely to increase tensions. I have observed necessary because it is: and MBFR talks. But we must be cautious that this is because we have to maintain the a. destabilizing; about detente. We must remember that the balance of military power and that this b. highly expensive; and political intentions of the East and the process 1s becoming more and more costly. c. morally wrong. present mild international atmosphere could By way of justification of the paradox, it Our problem is much more acute at a change for the worse a great deal more quick would be as well to remind ourselves why, time like the present, when we are entering, ly than we could change our military capa in answer to our critics, we consider it neces in President Nixon's term, an "era of nego billties to meet a new situation. This rock sary to maintain such a level of defence: tiation"; when the public are expecting face is liable to crumble: we must secure what we are defending ourselves against; some tangible signs of thaw in international every foot-hold before we move into the next. and what tools we are buying to do the job. relationships. The sign they are looking for, We have already secured the banning of bio What we are buying first of all, is deter naturally enough, is a reduction lin defence logical weapons. But there is plenty of scope rence. NATO's policy is not offensive. But it effort, and the release of resources to other for mistakes. Our American friends have se is based upon a determination to preserve activities. At last, it might be said, states cured the limitation of antiballistic missiles; the territorial integrity of its member coun men have seen where their best interests lie. and now they are examining ways with the tries and upon a will to respond to every Chancellor Brandt's Ostpolitik has led the Rillssians of securing permanent agreements stage of aggression With an appropriate level way; the Russians and Americans have had on strategic offensive systems. We are making of force. a certain amount of success in the SALT progress. The flexible response strategy, which NATO talks; the Security Conference is being pre On the more political side, the preparatory member Governments re-a1Hrmed only re pared, and so are talks on force reductions. talks for the projected conference on Co cently, means that we must have the neces We are urged to do all we can to hurry the operation and Security In Europe have made sary conventional forces to respond appropri process on, so that states can enjoy as soon an encouraging start. But we must ensure ately to all levels of aggression. They must as possible the benefits of relaxed tensions that the Conference really does give us a be able both to cope With a limited actllon, without the burden of a crippling defence secure foothold on the route to better un perhaps designed to present NATO with a effort. We Defence Ministers are asked to derstanding: there is a great danger that fait accompli, and to defend effectively recognise that the only obstacle to a rapid the Conference might be tempted to make against a full-scale aggression, to give us East;West reconclllation is the fact that we do with impressive but hollow declarations time to bring the aggressor to his senses be are maintaining our armed forces in strength, which will delude the public into thinking fore we have to initiate the use of nuclear and our strategic deterrent: how irresponsible firm, a hold that will crumble away as soon weapons to restore the credib111ty of our it is to jeopardize the chances of a genuine as any weight is put upon it. Back in the deterrent. detente by so blatantly showing suspicion m111tary field, the exploratory consultations We think it necessary to maintain a deter and plain disbelief of Eastern intentions! in Vienna concerning Mutual and Balanced rent posture because, despite the peaceful Mr. Brezhnev spoke 1n Moscow 1n December Force Reduction have made a cautious start. words of Mr. Brezhnev quoted above, we per apropos o! !orce reductions: "The strength These of course are at the heart of current ceive in the armed forces of the Warsaw ening of peace in Europe is a very important thinking about detente. It would be encour Pact a vast potential for destruction which and great issue for the fate of all mankind. aging indeed 1f we could reach an agree is increasing in effectiveness every year. For We are fighting with all our energy and pur- ment with the East guaranteeing us undl- their part, the East are certainly not an- 7608 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 ticipa.ting the outcome of Ea.st;West ne porta.nt contributions. In the communique Our news is not without drama, but a great gotiations by any relaxation in defence effort issued after their last meeting in December dtmculty is that it is not immediate drama.. a.nd we can only judge their motives by what the Eurogroup Ministers emphasised their It would be gravely wrong of us to dramatize they do, not by what they say they wlll do. commitment to the principles of collabora the issues in the hope of achieving direct Soviet Union defence expenditures, we be tion. But it wm be necessary to extend exist emotional appeal. We must I think rely on lleve, grew by about 5 percent every year ing forms of cooperation both in scope and a. more gradual process of widening intellec during the 1960's, and are still increasing. depth if Europe's needs are to be met. That tual and academic interest broadening out Currently her annual defence expenditure process should be facilitated by the growing into the media.. We are doing all we can to probably stands at more than 70 b1111on dol European unity symbolised by agreement on encourage this: conferences such as the lars. She has been steadily building up her the enlargement of the European Economic Wehrkundetagung are of valuable assistance strategic ca.pa.biltiy and her conventia.l Community. in the process. But we must do more, and do forces, and has maintained her effort to The Soviet Union, we fear, will exploit to it soon. strengthen the other forces of the Warsaw the full her opportunities to promote divi It is clearly very tempting for govern Pact. And these forces ma.inta.ln a. high state sions by presenting to public opinion ments--and oppositions-not to make the ef of preparedness. especially uncritical public opin.lon and fort that is required; to allow instead vocal But why is this a. real threat? Why do we opinion conditioned to be hostile--the so public pressure for reductions in defence interpret these facts in the sense that it is called shortcomings of the western system: effort, or perhaps for neutralism, to build up the Warsaw Pact setting the pace for NATO its alleged militarism, reaction and unfair to unsupportable levels and meekly to lower rather than trying to keep up with it? Expe ness. We must be on our guard against this their defence. To me such action would be rience should tell us that the Soviet doctrine danger. to accede to demands for negligence. Irre of both international relations and internal The Soviet approach to detente is not sponsible factions might win easy short term administration is very different from our likely to correspond very closely with that popularity and to their people to explain the own. It depends on rigid central control, rigid of the West. The Russians w111 hope to erode true facts of an uncomfortable situation and adherence to the central line, and a. desire the collective will of the Alliance to deter; the paramount importance of C:efence, and to to establish and wield power as widely a.s to split the Alliance by playing on any de convince them that it is an era of negotia possible. The established methods of trade tectable policy differences between the allies tions for detente, possibly more than a.t any and social and intellectual contacts enjoyed and by holding out to our publics the prom other time, that military security must be by the West are seen as a threat to the effec ise of a world without arms, without threats maintained. tive pursuit of Soviet interests. It is not and without deterrents. No one can deny NATO which threatens the Warsaw Pact: it these are attractive prospects. But it w111 is the existence of stable and prosperous be clear from my arguments earlier that and different Western society, which the Soviet motives will be aimed at preparing Soviets are not content to live with on nor DAYS OF "CHEAP FOOD" MAY BE the ground for an extension of Russian in OVER mal terms. The Soviet Union is not geared fluence. Detente offers them an easy way to fight economic battles. Upon those who of doing this; but we must show the East have fallen beneath her hegemony she im that, while we are anxious for detente, we poses by force what she cannot impose by can only accept what we feel to be genuine HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE diplomacy and persuasion. We cannot believe detente, in other words a relaxed interna OF MISSOURI that Budapest, Berlin and Prague were aber tional situation in which no side will have IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rations. Nor that the hounding of critics of gained an advantage relative to the other. the regime and rule-breakers within the So That is why we must keep our level of se Tuesday, March 13, 1973 viet Union are administrative errors. We can curity--and not allow precipitate action to Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the fol not be confident that if there was nothing put us at a permanent disadvantage. By to stop her she would be less ruthless with keeping up our defence efforts we are not lowing article from the New York Times, those that st111 enjoy the right of self-de jeopardising detente: we are demonstrating Sunday, March 11, points out facts which termination. that we take it very seriously: indeed that farmers have been urging for years. If the armed forces of the Soviet Union and Namely, that the 16 percent of net dis her allies continue steadily to increase in size we are prepared to pay for it. and strength, and those of the West to re This means that we must not countenance posable income is spent on food in the duce, we shall very soon see the West lack the notion of unilateral reductions in NATO's United States, representing the lowest ing the political wm and psychological firm strength. In negotiations such as those which cost for food of any country. Unfortu lie ahead of us at the moment, bargaining nately, the article also indicates the ness to stand up to the East; we may even from a position of strength is vital to ensure find ourselves unable to act without first equity, and experience and history show that "honeymoon" may be over: taking explicit account of likely Russian DAYS OF "CHEAP FooD" MAY BE; OVER reactions. this is the way to improve the quality of That is why, so long a.s the other side main peace. It would be fatal to undermine our (By Morton I. Sosl~nd) tains armed forces, so must we. While NATO position before we start. As food prices continue to soar, Washing maintains and increases its strength it is a I believe we shall find it increasingly d11fi ton officials have been offering relief in the permanent reminder that over-ambition will cult to maintain security if we cannot get form of promises that prices w1ll decline not pay; that force w111 be met; and tha'(; across to our publics this message of the sharply in the last half of 1973. Such an out dlmculties in international relationships risks involved in detente. It has been said come seems to be predicated on recent must be resolved over the conference table, many times before that we should give more changes in Government crop programs. not on the battle field. For if the Soviet thought to the public presentation of the However, such predictions arise from an Union did press aggression to the limit, there problem of defence and foreign policy. At oversimplification of what ha.s happened in would be no victors in an European war. Our the beginning of this paper I indicated that world commodity markets in the last six security rests upon our will and ability to apathy was no less a problem than hostlllty. months. deter. Defence is its visible manifestation. It Somehow we must not only argue our case The assumption of both the Cost of Living follows that the Soviet Union will seek to convincingly, but in doing so catch the Council and the Department of Agriculture is pursue spoiling tactics towards Western Eu public imagination: we must tell them more; that record high crop prices-not only in rope. If she can cause confiict within the we must overcome the myth that defence is the United States but in practically all other North Atlantic Alliance or delay moves to totally secret business-what could be more countries-have been caused by demand out wards political integration within the Euro a matter of public concern that the essential pacing supply. pean Economic Community, her infiuence realities of national security? In the British The assumption is that by increasing will be the greater because our cohesion will Mln1stry of Defence we publish a great deal supply, prices for wheat, corn, soybeans, beef be less. This is one of the reasons why prac of information in our annual White Paper and poultry (the list is endless and not neces tical cooperation is so important especially we are the only Department to issue a policy sarily limited to things grown on farms) wm in matters of defence. statement of this kind every year. We also fall back to levels that prevailed early last Within the Western Alliance the European publish a short 111ustrated version of the summer. countries, in particular, should seek to co White Paper for distribution in schools. We While it would be unwise to posit that operate more closely on defence and to es must be careful how far we go in the discre present price levels will be sustained over a tablish a. greater identity of view. In keep tion: we risk being branded a.s promulgators long period time, it is equally foolish, as well ing with the sum of its resources, Europe of militarist and warmongering propaganda; as self-deceptive, to hold out hope that recent should seek to exert more lnfi.uence on the but we must take the risk. We must dis17el upward price moves are only an aberration major issues affecting Western security and the mood of complacency and host111ty which on a. long-term trend that assures the a.vail be prepared to assume increased responsi distorts the real problems. We must stimulate a.bil1ty of "cheap food" ad infinitum. bility for its own defence. There is also con the media; promote more defence studies A case can be made that cheap food in that tinuing pressure on all European Govern at universities; we must talk to schools about context is a. thing of the past, that the world ments to make the most effective use of the foreign policy; and we must hope that a. new is moving through a true watershed in food limited resources available for defence. Bi Europea.nism wiD follow from the enlarge production and demand and that this is an lateral staff talks, collaborative projects for ment of the European Community, and prove economic development of historic importance arms procurement and the practical activi more receptive to discussion of these vital all too little appreciated and most dangerous ties of the Eurogroup are already making 1m- common issues. to neglect for any length of time. March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7609 In this discussion cheap food is defined as its 1980 goal of raising livestock and poultry WASHINGTON RESEARCH PROJECT meaning that food costs represent a smaller consumption by 25 percent (which would still ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED HEW SO share of annual family spending than would .leave that country's consumers with 40 per CIAL SERVICE REGULATIONS be the case if true supply and demand forces cent less meat than the average American), were allowed to function in a commercial the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe will farming situation. require annually at least 75 million more tons HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN Within that definition, cheap food ha.s pre of grains than presently utilized. vailed in the United States since the nine Industry experts say the Soviet Union can OF MASSACHUSETTS teen-thirties. It has been the cornerstone of be expected to supply half of that increased IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Britain's economy since the middle of the need by expanding domestic production. The Tuesday, March 13, 1973 19th century and provided a key foundation remainder will have to come from the United for Japanese economic growth since World States and other suppliers, creating quite a Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker. on Febru War II. strain in view of the fact that American feed ary 16, 1973, the Social and Rehabil To a great extent, United States farm pro grain exports this year are expected to be itation Service of the Department of grams that began in the nineteen-thirties 33.2 million tons. Health, Education, and Welfare printed have been more of a cheap food subsidy to The great uncertainties of Soviet demand American consumers than their more widely are nearly overshadowed by the mystery of its proposed regulations governing the criticized and publicized role as a subsidy to potential buying by China. Just consider that funding and administration of social American farmers. Until the price advances one more pound of chicken a year for every service programs. These regulations, that began this last summer, American fami Chinese requires slightly more than 900,000 slated to go into effect on March 19, will lies on the average spent only about 16 per tons of feed grains. have the result of substantially curtailing cent of net disposable income on food, the Introducing the Soviet Union and China many important social services. lowest share of any country. as potential buyers of unknown dimension on These proposed regulations have This was made possible by a farm program the world food market comes at a time when that subsidized growers through direct in political and budgetary realities in the United aroused a storm of controversy. One of come supplements and payments for with States are dictating a major shift away from the most informative and perceptive holding land from production that might old methods of agricultural support. conunentaries on the proposed regula not, in the long run, have been planted any On the supply side, President Nixon has tions was prepared by the Washington way. called for a gradual phasing out of income research project. I conunend this analy American consumers have not been the sole supplements, the keystone of farm programs sis, done in the form of a letter to the beneficiaries of these policies. Japan and for some years. He and his advisers would Administrator of the Social and Reha Britain, traditionally the largest food im have the marketplace, not the Government bilitation Service of Health, Education, porters, have relied on cheap American food in Washington. tell the farmer how much for many years. wheat, corn and soybeans should be planted and Welfare, to my colleagues, and urge The fact that such avallabUity is coming and how many cattle or broilers should be them to write to the Administrator by to a swift end ha.s been perceived first by raised. March 19, so that these ill-conceived the British. The chairman of a leading Brit He recognizes that farming has become an regulations are withdrawn. The text of ish food company declared recently that "the industry and that the concept of living the Washington research project analy era of cheap food is over." And one of that on a farm as a way of life is past. sis is as follows: country's labor leaders said a few days later, But the President has not stated that "We no longer have the divine right to be encouragement of crop and livestock produc WASHINGTON RESEARCH PROJECT, cheaply fed." tion at a total large enough to satisfy ex Washington, D.O. March 9,1973. These dramatic declarations go consider panding American and usual world needs To: Administrator ably beyond the impact on British food prices much less the explosive potential of buying Social and Rehabilitation Service of membership in the European Economic by the Soviet "G'nion and China-will require Department of Health, Education and Community. They refiect an appreciation in continued high prices in the absence of in Welfare Britain that fundamental changes have oc come supplements. Otherwise, the markets 330 Independence Avenue, S.W. curr&d in the world supply-demand situation will not function as a signal to farmers. Washington, D.C. for food. Land suitable for crop production in the Subject: Proposed Regulations for Service Even though this impact may first be rec United States is limited. Witness the fact Programs for Families and Children and ognized in Britain and Japan, where reliance that farmers last fall, in response to the Aged, Blind, or Disabled Individuals: on food imports causes supersensitivity to highest prices in a quarter of a century, Titles I, IV (Parts A and B), X, XIV, and basic changes, it will be only a matter of time seeded only 1 percent more acres to winter XVI of the Social Security Act before food prices in the United States will wheat. The following are comments on and objec call forth similar realizations. Inputs such as fertilizer, insecticides, tions to the proposed amendments to 45 CFR Two fundamental forces are at work of a herbicides and better seeds are, in a very Parts 220, 221, 222, and 226 published under dimension that is yet very difficult to meas real economic sense, substitutes for land. a notice of proposed rule making in the Fed ure. In the past, relatively few American farm eral Register on February 16, 1973 (Volume On the demand side is the apparent deci ers have considered land as a cost. Accelerat 38, Number 32). sion by leaders of the Communist bloc to ing commercialization of farming will change The Washington Research Project is a non raise the "standard of eating" of their peo that attitude. If we are approaching the profit, public interest organization concerned ples. That commitment ha.s been an impor ltmits of cropland, then prices very near pres with federal programs and policies affecting tant part of five-year plans for decades. ent high levels will be required to stimulate the poor and minority groups, especially This year the intent ha.s been made crystal the inputs that substitute for land. children. Our comments on the proposed clear by huge purchases by the Soviet Union Much about the present situation heralds regulations are focused particularly on their in world grain market in order to do every expanded corporate participation in farm effects in eliminating services to large num thing possible to prevent shortages of bread ing-perhaps not by national companies but bers of poor and near poor families and in and to sustain rapidly increasing livestock by area and regional business entitles. Be reducing the quality of those services which and poultry numbers. In stark contrast with fore such companies will commit the capital would continue to be provided on a much past poor crop years, the Soviet leaders made inputs required, they will have to look to more limited basis. a very conscious decision to ma.lntain food market returns substantially above the cheap supplies at tremendous costs. food of the past. I. GENERAL COMMENTS Now that the Soviet Union has learned how As an economic benchmark of this magni The principal effect and apparent intent easy it is to buy on the American market and tude is reached, it is important that the of the proposed regulations is ·to limit ex even to fool the capitalists in the bargain, It national leaders who are making important penditures for social services far below the would be the height of folly not to expect policy and legislative decisions become awa.re amounts intended to be spent by Congress. continued takings. of these new realities. The history of the social services amend Upgrading of the diet in the Communist For example, farm programs must be struc ments contained in the 1972 revenue sharing bloc nations poses the need for massive addi tured to allow for the establishment of re act makes unmlstakeably clear that Congress tional quantities of grains that will have serves that will make this country's ability rejected any sweeping cutbacks in the exist reverberations into every American super to supply unprecedented business more than ing social services program, such as those market. an accident, as was the case this year. originally proposed by the Senate. Instead, A pronounced multiplier effect comes into it agreed to preserve the current program, The end of the era of cheap food is the within the confines of a state allocation operation when consumption patterns shift price American consumers will pay for an from grain-based diets to diets of meat and formula, and with a targeting on certain adequate domestic supply and for establish clearly spec1fl.ed services. Indeed, ln response poultry. Each unlt of beef production re- ing the United States as a reliable source of quires eight units of feed. In the case of to specific questions on the fioor of the House pork it is a 4-to-1 ratio and for chickens it food for hundreds of milllons of people of Representatives as to the effect of the is 2 Y2 pounds of feed to make one pound around the world lncludlng new and impor celling on current programs, Chairman Wil of poultry. tant customers in the Soviet Union and bur Mllls stated that "we have not changed If the Soviet Union succeeds in meeting China. the definition of social services that are avail- 7610 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 able for those who are recipients of or many cases lead to an almost immediate re be encouraged rather than discouraged." applicants for welfare," and that Congress turn to dependency. At a minimum, a past Reading that letter into the Congressional intended no restriction on the nature of recipient should be entitled to services for Record, Congressman Burke of Massachu social services. at least one year, regardless of current in setts engaged in a colloquy with colleagues The $2.5 billion ceiling was carefully cho come, with the possiblllty of extending those from the Ways and Means Committee, deny sen and supported by the Congress, over a services for a longer period if they are ing "the impression" that Congress intended lower amount approved by the Senate, be necessary to avoid renewed dependency. to restrict private mwtching and pointing out cause it would not disrupt most of the valu The definition of potential recipient is even that Senate Finance Committee provisions to able services currently being provided. Al more restrictive. The automatic elimina that effect had been dropped in conference on though imposition of the ceiling might re tion of services as soon as income exceeds H.R. 1 (Congressional Record, vol. 118, pt. quire some reordering of expenditures, the 133-1/3 percent of the state's financial as XXVIII, p. 36929). states have ample authority and fiexibllity sistance payments level, or when resources IV. OPTIONAL SERVICES (221.5 (B) (1)) under existing regulations to make the need exceed permissible levels for financial as Contrary to the impression presented by ed adjustments. This 2.5 billion ceiling plain sistance, would arbitrarily exclude individ the Department that the proposed regula ly was more than an authorization in the uals and families before they reach a point traditional sense. The language of the stat of "self-sufficiency" and would result in re tion would increase the state's options in ute says that "the Secretary shall allot" to providing social services, the new limited list turns to dependency. In many states, these ing of services restricts choices and prohib each state its share of the social services new definitions would make ineligible for funds. The regulations proposed by the De its state and local-determination of services services families with incomes below the programs. The Social Security Act requires partment therefore go far beyond the Con federal poverty level and even below the that a state must provide a program "for such gressional mandate and have the effect of Fur state's own defined standard of need. family services . . . as may be necessary 1n impounding funds which Congress intended ther, sole reliance on income to determine should be spent. Preliminary estimates by the the light of the particular home conditions eligibility ignores the fact that need for and other needs . . . in order to assist such states indicate that they wlll receive $1 to services is an equally signiflcant factor in $1.3 billion less under the proposed social defining a potential welfare recipient. By child, relative, and individual to attain or re tain capability for self-support and care and services program than they were entitled to identifying in the revenue sharing act those receive under Congress's revenue sharing al services which should be fully available to in order to maintain and strengthen family locations. potential as well as current recipients (e.g., life and to foster child development." The Thus, contrary to the suggestion of the child care, services for alcoholics and nar elimination of certain optional services which Secretary that the proposed regulations rep cotics addicts) Congress intended to deal have been listed in the regulations in the resent "the elimination of requirements with problems which, in the absence of serv past plus the removal of authority for the which are not based on legislative mandates,'' ices, would lead to dependency regardless of state to provide additional optional services if they are part of their own state plan, pre the Department has clearly exceeded the in income. A fee schedule for services, reason tent of Congress and the language of the law. vent the states from carrying out this clear ably related to income, as provided by cur legislative mandate. Other explanations of the Department are rent regulations, would assure availability of equally misleading and cloud their actual in services according to need, while directing For example, according to a special analysis tent. the bulk of federal dollars toward lower of the Office of Management and Budget, so The Department contends that the regu income groups. cial services outlays for nonemployment lations would "strengthen the role of state In requiring frequent redetermination of related day care were estimated to be $154 million for fiscal 1974, providing services for agencies in managing the program,'' "give eligibillty-every 90 days for past and cur states more options in determining services,'' rent recipients and every six months for 253,000 children. States will no longer have and "put decision-making closer to the point potential recipients-the new regulations go the option to provide such services since where serv1ces are used." In fact, these regu such care is no longer listed as an allowable far beyond the language of the statute, which service. Siinilarly, at least five states have In lations would remove the options now avail provides for review of current recipients' serv able to the states, limit their fiexibllity in op ice plans at least once a year, with no re cluded in their services plans legal services erating programs, and impose new bureau quired review for past and potentials. The which were clearly allowable under the ex cratic requ1rements which will hopelessly proposal would create an administrative isting regulations. Since these are no longer mire welfare agencies in red-tape and paper nightmare which, at best, would delay serv included in the list of optional services, such work, at the expense of recipients of the ices and would almost certainly deny services assistance to recipients must be terminated. services. to many. They would intensify the movement Congress clearly did not intend to restrict Similarly, the Secretary insists that the of recipients in and out of services and rein such services for current recipients, but in proposed regulations give "increased em force the cycle of dependency caused by the fact offered assurances that they would con phasis to services that help people move to narrow ellgibillty definitions. Further, they tinue (Congressional Record, vol. 118, pt. ward self-sufficiency and employment." In would result in new and unnecessary harrass XXVII, p. 35521). We recommend ·that the fact, they would so seriously restrict the ell ment of recipients, and can only be inter proposed regulations be modifed to include gibllity for services as to prohibit lasting preted as intended to discourage eligibles in the list of optional services at least legal self-sufficiency and force repeated return to from seeking services. States welfare agencies services and day care in addition to that de dependency. have already indicated that they are incapa fined at 221.9 (b) (3), and that a state be per Finally, one of the alleged intentions of ble of meeting these requirements. mitted to include in its state plan other op tional services which clearly meet the needs these regulations is "reducing overlap" with In. PRIVATE SOURCES OF STATE'S SHARE (221.26) other federally-supported programs. The of eligible individuals. Such plans would reality is that there are no alternatives for The absolute prohibition against the use continue to be subject to approval by SRS. public support of many of the programs of donated private funds or in-kind contribu tions arbitrarily eliminates an estimated $150 V. CHILD CARE which would be terminated, and in other The impact of the eligib111ty definitions cases the alternatives 'Vhich might presently million in social services expenditures and terminates many of the most effective local and the elimination of private funds is espe exist are being cut back or terminated by cially hard felt in the area of day care. De other Administration proposals. programs. While improper uses of such funds should be controlled, an attack on the private nial of child care to a broader range of past n. ELIGmiLITY FOR SERVICES (221.6 AND sources ignores the apparent major causes of and potential recipients may well be the sin 221.7) abuse in the :_Jrogram-the refinancing of gle most important factor in preventing the The proposed definitions of ellgib111ty and state and local public expenditures. What is "self-dependency" which these regulations the requirements for constant redetermina more, it contradicts this Administration's purportedly seek. In addition, as noted above, tion of eligibility are too restrictive to ac emphasis on voluntary action and public/ the arbitrary denial of all nonemployment complish the stated objectives of "self-sUffi private cooperation. For example, in the area related day care removes essential.services for ciency and employment,'' and they are so of day care, the Council of State Govern dependent children and familie~enying cumbersome as to assure the very bureau ments estimates that the prohibition against services to over one-quarter million children, cratic maze this Administration allegedly private funds will eliminate $55 million in according to OMB's own estimate. seeks to eliminate. In setting a ceiling on services. Such a cut is particularly ironic in In Califorina, !or example, according to social services expenditures and identifying view of the President's own expressed deep State Superintendent of Public Instruction broadly available services, Congress made no concern about "too much" public interven Wilson Riles, these regulations will reduce effort nor did it indicate any intent to nar tion in child care and his stated personal day care funds in the state by $40 million, row the current definitions of past and po preference for day care provided through terminating services !or more than 35,000 tential recipients. The restrictive definitions private sources (President's Message Accom children, forcing 5,000 teachers and para contained in the proposed regulations ad panying Veto of S. 2007, December 9, 1971). professionals out of jobs in child care pro ministratively el1m1nate virtually all past and The importance of private sources of funds grams, and ending employment for large potential recipients from the program, was noted by then-Secretary of HEW Eliot numbers of working poor and single parents which Congress declined to do. Richardson in a letter to Chairman Wilbur who may well find themselves back on wel The limited definition of past recipient Mills of the House Ways and Means Commit fare roles. In New York, the City's Agency to one who has received welfare within the tee, dated October 13, 1972, in which he urged for Child Development indicates that more previous three months is too narrow to offer modiflcation of any legislative history to than one-half of the 33,000 children now in any security or stablllty to an individual make clear that the "partnership between its day care programs will no longer be eli who leaves the welfare rolls, and would in private donations and public agencies should gible, forcing their parents back on to wel- March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7611 fare which costs the city two-and-a.-half December 9, 1971). Yet, current requirements IMPOUNDMENT: AN ARROGATION OF POWER times the cost of day care. Pennsylvania. of that parents be involved in the choice of THAT BELONGS TO THE CONGRESS ficials estimate that at least 12,000 children care and that the care be suitable to the The instance administration spokesmen will be out of day care if the regulations go needs of their children have been eliminated. continually cite to demonstrate the histori into effect. In Minnesota., 50 to 60 percent Further, while day care advisory committees cal legitimacy of impoundment as practiced of the 24,000 children currently reciving serv would be retained at the state level, there by the Nixon administration derives from an ices wm no longer be eligible, and the state's would no longer be any requirement that one action of President Jefferson's in 1803. In his funds will be reduced by at least $20 mil third of their membership be drawn from Third Annual Message to Congress, delivered lion. In Minneapolis, more than 60 percent the parents of children receiving services. on October 17, 1803, Jefferson reported that of the children receiving services will no Parent committees have been inftuential and he had not spent $50,000 appropriated the longer be eligible, and at least 95% of the constructive in a. variety of HEW programs, previous February to build 15 gunboats for $2 milliop. spent for day care will disappear. including not only social services but Head service on the Mississippi. St. Paul will lose up to $1,212,000 in day care start and Elementary and Secondary Educa Contrary to what administration spokes services. Maryland officials predict that half tion Act programs as well, and there has been men so easily assume, however, this instance of the 12,000 children presently served will no suggestion by the Congress that they be provides no precedent for the type of im be evicted from day care centers around the eliminated. poundment practiced by the Nixon adminis state. In addition, states no longer would be re tration. Beyond this absolute reduction in the quired to extend or improve services, to de Jefferson spent the money within a rela amount of day care provided and the number velop alternative sources of services, or to tively short period after his October Message. of children served, the proposed regulations mobilize resources to provide services. In this message he did not, as the Nixon ad place additional restrictions which wlll We urge that the regulations be modified to ministration now does, claim a right to im undermine the quality of that care which restore parent participation in chlld care pose his own policy judgments on the execu would be provided for the much narrower programs and to require and provide incen tion of law, to kill or trim programs in accord group of children who would continue to be tives to states to expand available sources of with his own policy desires. He merely stated eligible. The proposed regulations eliminate day care. that since the Louisiana Purchase had ended all references to federal standards for child VI. FAm HEARINGS any immediate need for the gunboats, he care, other than the most inadequate require Current regulations attempt to protect the would not spend the money until he could ments for inhome care. Departmental assur rights of recipients of services by making pro be sure that the new gunboats would be the ances that federal standards "will apply" at vision for a. fair hearing under which appli best ones possible. And that is exactly what some indeterminate time in the future when cants or recipients may appeal denial of or he did, judging both by his Fourth Annual "suitable" ones have been written are not exclusion from services, failure to take into Message to Congress, delivered on Novem sufficient guarantees of program quality for account recipient choice of services, or a de ber 9, 1804, and the comments of Richard chlldren. termination that an individual must par Hildreth in the fifth volume of his "History Congress has made it clear that federal ticipate in a service program. Those rights of the United States" (p. 539). In short, what standards do apply to all federally-supported have been removed by the proposed regula occurred in 1803 was merely a. case of deferred child care and that those standards may be tions in violation of both the statutory re spending which did not destroy or impair the "no less comprehensive" than the Federal quirement for fair hearings and the con program goals of Congress, rather than an Interagency Day Care Requirements of 1968. stitutional requirement of due process of impoundment as now practiced by the Nixon While Congress has recognized the necessity law, which applies to the denial of services administration. for modifying those requirements from time as well as cash assistance. So much, then, for the notion that Presi to time. Chairman Carl Perkins of the House dent Jefferson acted like President Nixon on Education and Labor Committee emphasized impoundment. If we maintain a critical dis that the Congressional intent of adding lan tinction between presidential actions that guage to the extension of the Economic Op THE FEDERAL BUDGET impound appropriated funds because portunity Act in 1972, was to prohibit changed conditions or greater administrative changes which would reduce the quality of efficiency with reference to specific program care required by the federal standards, par goals render expenditure wasteful and presi ticularly with regard to chlld-staff ratios HON. J. J. PICKLE OF TEXAS dential actions tha.t impound funds simply (Congressional Record, vol. 118, pt. XXII, because the President personally has other p. 29396). We urge that the proposed regula IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES policy preferences or priorities, any impound tions be clarified to indicate that the Federal Tuesday, March 13, 1973 ments of the latter type made during the Interagency Day Care Requirements of 1968 course of the 19th century were so isolated to apply, as required by law, in order to avoid Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, in hiS that they have since been forgotten. any confusion on this point. struggle with Congress over control of The modern history of impoundment begins Whlle the indefinite status of federal the Federal budget, the President has in 1921. In that year Charles Dawes, first standards causes concern about the quality used historical examples to argue that director of the Budget Bureau, established a. of care to be provided, there are other pro system under which appropriated funds not visions in the proposed regulations which the power of impoundment is his to use as he sees fit. necessary to accomplish the program goals of clearly reduce that quality. By prohibiting laws might be saved or reserved rather than federal financial participation for any "sub Unfortunately, while those examples in expended. However, as is clear from his writ sistence and other maintenance assistance do show that Presidents earlier times ings, Dawes certainly did not believe that the items even when such items are components used impoundment as a tool for fiscal of a comprehensive program of a service fa responsibility, the circumstances sur Budget Bureau had authority to do any cility" (221.53 (j)), and by removing all refer thing more than this by way of impound rounding those uses were substantially ment. Indeed, even in the late 1940's the ences to food and food preparation costs as different from those that exist today. allowable expenditures, the proposed regula Budget Bureau was so nervous about its legal tions eliminate payments for food and all of Prof. Joseph Cooper of Rice Univer authority to impound appropriated funds for the costs associated with preparing and serv sity examined this difference in a letter any reason that it sought and secured statu ing food in day care programs. Such language published by the Washington Post on tory authority to establish reserves whenever suggests that either day care operators, in March 10, and I otfer it here for those savings were made possible by changed con cluding operators of family day care homes, who did not read it then. ditions of greater efficiency of operation wm have to pay such costs out of their own In the letter, Professor Cooper states (Section 1211 of the General Appropriation resources, or that children in such programs clearly that the oft-cited Jetferson im Act for 1951) . will be required to provide their own food. It is true, of course, that the policy type poundment of funds in 1803 "provides no of impoundment did not commence in the This would almost certainly deny nutritional precedent for the type of impoundment meals to children, most of them already in Nixon administration. The chain of events or near poverty, during the time they are in practiced by the Nixon administration." leading to the present crisis began in the day care programs. This language should be We all know that history is a great administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt._ clarified to assure that food and food-related teacher-from the mistakes and suc Nonetheless, under Roosevelt such impound -costo in day care programs will continue to cesses of the past we derive wisdom and ments constituted a novel and illegitimate be eligible for federal funds. courage to deal with the present and imposition on the prerogatives of Congress The proposed regulations also drastically build for the future. Soon this very strug as understood from the earliest days of the reduce parent involvement in their child gle between the Executive and the legis Republic and they continue to do so today. dren's day care programs, contrary to the lature will be history, and much will be What the Nixon administration has added is 1967 Social Security Act Amendments. The not only an expansion in scope so large that President has taken a strong position that learned from it. In the meantime, how it threatens Congress' standing as lawmaker, federally-supported child care programs must ever, we cannot allow our path to be de but also unabashed audacity in claiming as not "diminish ... parental authority and termined by a distorted interpretation of a right something that represents simply an parental involvement with chlldren" (Presi past political events. arrogation of power. dent's Message Accompanying Veto of S. 2007, -The letter follows: JOSEPH COOPER. 7612 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973
MONTHLY CALENDAR OF THE FRIDAY, MARCH 9 in 19th Century American Art, by Dr. Lois SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Exhibition: Art for Public Spaces. Fifty Fink, Coordinator of Research, National Col· prize-winning designs from a HUn-sponsored lection of Fine Arts, 4 p.m., Lecture Hall, National Community Arts Competition for NCFA. Final lecture will be held March 21. HON. HENRY P. SMITH III new ideas in environmental decoration and Free Film Theatre: The Forth Road Bridge-a. colorful film about Scotland's Firth OF NEW YORK enrichment. Three categories a.re repre sented: designs for interiors, pedestrian areas of Forth Bridge, the longest single-span IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and cities. National Collection of Fine Arts, bridge in Europe. 12:30 p.m., History and Tuesday, March 13, 1973 through April 22. Technology Building auditorium. Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speaker, Food Demonstration/Lecture: Earth, Wa THURSDAY, MARCH 15 ter, Fire, Air. Barbara. Friedlander will speak Free Film Theatre: The Forth Road Bridge. it is my privilege to insert in the RECORD on natural foods--what they are, what "or Repeat. See March 14 for details. each month the monthly calendar of the ganic" means, how best to buy, store, and Smithsonian Institution. The March cal use foods. 1 and 8 p.m., The Renwick Gal FRIDAY, :MARCH 16 endar of events follows: lery. First of five weekly lecture/ demonstra Exhibition: Contemporary Paintings from tions in conjunction with the Renwick ex India. Fifty-four oils by 18 artists. Survey of MARCH AT THE SMITHSONIAN hibition Objects for Preparing Food. Tickets the modern scene in India., organized by the THURSDAY, MARCH 1 are free; available in the Renwick Museum Museum of Contemporary Art in New Delhi Seminar in Neurobiology: Bole of Cyclic Shop. (No phone or mail orders.) and sponsored by the Government of India. AMP in the Nervous System. Lecturer: Al Exhibition: Chaim Goldberg's Shtetl. Celebrates the 25th anniversary of India's fred G. Gilm.a.n, University of Virginia.. Part Paintings, drawings, and prints by the artist Independence. The Renwick Gallery, through of a. series of graduate level lectures on cur on his childhood in a Polish-Jewish com April 15. rent research in neurobiology, sponsored munity. Sponsored by the Smithsonian's Di Food Demonstration/Lecture: What Amer jointly by the Consortium of Universities and vision of Graphic Arts and the June 1 Gal ica Gave. James A. Beard, regarded in the Smithsonian Institution Radiation Biol lery of Fine Arts. Museum of History and ternationally as America's foremost authority ogy Laboratory. Question and answer period Technology, through May. on food and drink, wm discuss America's follows each lecture. 7:30 p.m., History and contribution to cookery and the part played SATURDAY, MARCH 10 by the various ethnic groups in the U.S. food Technology Building auditorium. Future lec Dance: Saeko Ichinohe and Company. Con tures: March 8, 22, 29, April 5, 12, 26, May 3 scene. 1 and 8 p.m., The Renwick Gallery. temporary Japanese dancers will perform Tickets are free; available in the Renwick and 10. The publlc is welcome. choreography created by Miss Ichinohe and Free Film Theatre: The Eskimo: Fight for Museum Shop. (No phone or mail orders.) inspired by both Japanese tradition and her Exhibition: Tropical Blossoms. Thirty-five Life-a. warm, intimate portrayal of the Net experiences in the West. 8:30 p.m., Baird s111k Eskimos. 12:30 p .m., Baird Auditorium, color photographs, by Dr. Edward Ayensu, Auditorium, Natural History Building. $2.50. Chairman of the Smithsonian's Department Natural History Building. Call 381-5395 for tickets. Sponsored by the Exhibition: When Coal Was King: Break of Botany and Smithsonian photographer Division of Performing Arts in cooperation Kjell Sandved. Museum of Natural History. ers & Depots. Pen and ink drawings by Fred with the Japan-America. Society. SATURDAY, MARCH 17 Bartlett of coal breakers and railroad sta illustrated Lecture: How Pharmacy Mu tions in Pennsylvania., West Virginia. and seums Developed in This Country and Lecture: The Practice of Bloodletting. Maryland. Hall of Power Machinery, Museum Abroad. Speaker: Dr. Sa.mi K. Ha.ma.rneh, Speaker: Doris J. Leckie, Research Assistant, of History and Technology, through April. Historian of Pharmacy. 10:30 a.m., History Division of Medical Sciences. A brief history SATURDAY, MARCH 3 and Technology Building auditorium. of bloodletting from antiquity to the 2oth century, including the techniques and vari lllustra.ted Lecture: An Ethnic Focus: SUNDAY, MARCH 11 ous instruments used. 10:30 a.m., History and Spanish-Americans. Speaker: Richard Ahl African Sculpture: African Sculpture and born, Curator, Division of Ethnic and West Technology Building auditorium. Its Impact on Modern Art. Warren Robbins, SUNDAY, MARCH 18 ern Cultural History. 10:30 a.m., History and founder and director, Museum of African Art, Technology Building auditorium. discusses the dUierence between the tradi African Sculpture Lecture: African Art American Indian Theatre Ensemble. Na tional art of Africa. and the art of the Western and African Philosophy. Crispin Davies Chin Ha.az Zan and Body Indian-two plays by In World. First in a. three-lecture study of life dongo, former Charge d'A1Ia.lres of the dian authors, performed by the first all in Western and Centra.l Africa. seen through Mala. wi Embassy in W a.shington, will discuss Indian theatre group in America. Drama., its sculpture. 11 a.m., Museum of African the traditional beliefs of African tribes as music and contemporary dance are used to Art. $3.25 general; $2.50 Associates. Series reflected in their art. 11 a.m., Museum of present a view of the American Indian ex tickets also available. Remaining lectures African Art. $3.25 general, $2.50 Associates. perience. 8:30p.m., Baird Auditorium, Natu March 18 and 25. Sponsored by the Smith Sponsored by the Smithsonian Resident As ral History Building. $5 general; $4 Resident sonian Resident Associates. For further sociates. Call 381-5157 for tickets. Associates; $3 students. Sponsored by the In information call 381-5157. MONDAY, MARCH 19 dian Awareness Program of the Smithsonian Jazz Heritage Concert: "Sonny" Rollins. Concert: Jean Hakes, soprano, and Michael Division of Performing Arts. For tickets call Called the greatest living tenor saxophonist, Rogers, piano. Canzonettas and a. sonata. by 381-5395. Repeat performances: March 4 Rollins is not only a. gifted instrumentalist Haydn, with a "Mozart p lano" of 1788; Liszt and 5. but also a composer, probably best known songs and Scott Joplin piano rags, using an SUNDAY, MARCH 4 for his work on the British film Alfie. 8 p.m., 1850 Chickering square grand; and contem American Indian Theatre Ensemble. Na Baird Auditorium, Natural History Building. porary works by Dorothy Klotzma.n, Robel'lt Haa.z Zan and Body Indian. See March 3 for $4.50 general, $4 Associates, $3 students. Call Helps, Earl Kim and Aaron Copland. 8:30 details. 381-5395 for tickets. Sponsored by the Divi a.m., History and Technology Building. $3 MONDAY, MARCH 5 sion of Performing Arts. general, $1 students. For tickets write Di American Indian Theatre Ensemble. Na :MONDAY, MARCH 12 vision of Musical Instruments, Smithsonian Ha.az Zan and Body Indian. See March 3 for Audubon Lecture: Canada's Mountain Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, or call details. Wilderness. Edgar T. Jones, presents a film 381-5398. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7 depicting wildlife of the Rocky Mountains WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21 Free Film Theatre: Willi amsburg: Story of through many unique close-ups of animals, Lecture: The Image of Death. Final lecture a Patriot; Williamsburg Restored. Two filmS birds and wildflowers. 5:15 and 8:30 p.m., in the series, Images of America: Four about the city and its restoration. 12:30 Baird Auditorium, Natural History Museum. Themes in 19th Century American Art, by p .m., History and Technology Building audi Sponsored by the Audubon Naturalist Dr. Lois Fink, Coordinator of Research, Na torium (note new location). Society. tional Collection of Fine Arts. Dr. Fink will The Eighteenth Cen THURSDAY, MARCH 8 Illustrated Lecture: discuss the obsessive attitude towards death tury English Country House, with Mr. W. R. as it is expressed in sculpture, popular prints Creative Screen: L'oeuf a la coque (Boiled Dalzell, one of England's great architectural and paintings. 4 p.m., Lecture Hall, NCFA. Egg)-French cartoon about the misadven historians. 8 p.m., History and Technology Lunchbox Forum: Apollo 17 Preliminary tures of an apparently tipsy and overconfi Bulding auditorium. $3.50 general; $2.50 As Results. An informal discussion led by Fa dent boiled egg; Wayne Theibaud--views of sociates. Call 381-5157 for tickets. Sponsored rouk El Ba.z, of the National Air and Space everyday objects, figures and landscapes by the Smithsonian Resident Associates. Museum, 12 noon, Room 449, Smithsonian translated into colorful paintings by this contemporary California artist. 11:45 a.m., TUESDAY, MARCH 13 Institute "Castle" Building. 12:30, 1:15 and 2 p.m., The Renwick Gallery. Oriental Art Lecture: Illustrations of the Free Film Theatre: Future Shock-A pes Free Film Theatre: Williamsburg: Story 'Tales of Isle' by Sotatsu and Korin. Speaker: simistic but provocative look at our future of a Patriot; Williamsburg Restored. Repeat. Professor Miyeko Murase, Columbia. Univer and the choices confronting us. Based on the See March 7 for details. sity. 8:30 p.m., The Freer Gallery of Art Ex book by Alvin Toffier, 12:30 p.m., History and Semin.a.r in Neurobiology: Modes of Com hibition galleries of the Freer open at 6:30 Technology Building auditorium. munication Between Nerve Cells in the Cen p.m. prior to the lecture. THURSDAY, MARCH 22 tral Nervous System. Lecturer: John c. WEDNESDAY, :MARCH 14 Creative Screen: Shantinikitan-a film on Eccles, State University of New York, Bu1falo. Lecture: The Image of the Hero. Third in the Visva-Bharati University, founded by See March 1 for details. the series, Images of AmeriCa: Four Themes philosopher Tagore; NandZal Bose---tlketches, March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7613 paintings and frescoes of one of India's lead volved. 12:30 p.m., History and Technology Wednesday, 10:30 and 11:30 a .m. Thursday ing artists and inspirational teachers. 11:45 Building auditorium. and Friday, 10:30, 11:30 a.m. and 1 p.m. a.m., 12:30, 1:15, and 2 p.m., The Renwick THURSDAY, MA.RCH 29 Museum of History and Technology. Gallery. Free Film Theatre: Moving On. Repeat. See National Portrait Gallery-Monday through Free Film Theatre: Future Shock. Repeat. March 28 for details. Friday, 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. See March 21 for details. Concert: James Weaver, harpsichord. Bach The Renwick Gallery-Brazilian Baroque Seminar in Neurobiology: The Regulation Partita in B-.tlat, and Sonata ll in d minor, Tours of this exhibit in either Spanish or of Catecholamines and the Effect of Psycho on a Dulcken harpsichord of 1745, Little prel English can be arranged by calling 381--6541. active Drugs. Lecturer: Julius Axelrod, Na udes by Francois Couperin, and a Suite by For Group Tours in other museums call: tional Institute of Mental Health. See March Louis Couperin, on a Stehlin harpsichord of 381--6471-Museum of Natural History, 1 for details. 1760. 8:30 p.m., History and Technology Museum of History and Technology, National National Capital Shell Club: Monthly Building. $3 general; $1 students. For tickets Air and Space Museum. meeting and program. 8 p.m., Room 43, write Division of Musical Instruments, 381-0347-National Portrait Gallery. Natural History Building. The public is wel Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 381--6541-National Collection of Fine Arts. come. 20360, or call 381-5398. 381-5344-The Freer Gallery of Art. Slide Lecture: Color and Design, New Di Seminar in Neurobiology: The Adrenergic PUPPET THEATRE rections in Contemporary Rug Making, by Neuron. Lecturer: Rita Levi-Montalcini, Nell Znamierowskl. 7:30 p.m., Baird Audi Washington University. See March 1 for de SKAZKI, legendary Russian fables, pre torium, Nwtural History Bullding. $2.50 gen tails. sented in the new area-style puppet theater eral, $2 Associates. Call 381-5157. Sponsored FRIDAY, MARCH 30 in the Arts and Industries Biulding. Two by the Smithsonian Resident Associates. fairy-tales will be performed-The Loving Food Demonstration Lecture: West African FRIDAY, MARCH 23 Dragon, and The Tale of Neverwash. Wednes Cooking. Dinah Ayensu, originally from days through Fridays: 10:30 and 11:30 a.m. Exhibition: The Eighth Dulin National Ghana, will talk on the cookery of Ghana Saturdays and Sundays: 11 a.m., 12:30 and Print and Drawing Competition. Some 65 and its neighboring nations. 1 and 8 p.m., 2:30 p .m. (No holiday performances.) Chil drawings and prints frotn the eighth annual The Renwick Gallery. Tickets are free; avail dren $1, adults $1.25 (special group rates open competition conducted by the Dulin able in the Renwick Museum Shop. (No available). Call 381-5395 for reservations. Gallery of Arts in Knoxville. National Collec phone or mail orders.) Produced by Allan Stevens and Company for tion of Fine Arts, through April 22. Illustrated Lecture: The Historical Arms of the Smithsonian Division of Performing Arts. Food Demonstration: Trip to China, Joyce the Hapsburg Collection. Dr. Ortwin Gamber, Chen, author of Joyce Chen Cookbook, wm Associate Curator, Imperial Armouries. His STUDY TOURS report on her visit to the People's Republic tory Museum of Vienna, Austria, Will speak. Foreign Study Tours-for further details of China last fall, and Will demonstrate the 8 p.m., History and Technology BuUding write Miss Schumann, Smithsonian Institu use of Chinese cooking utensils. 1 and 8 Auditorium. Presented by the Smithsonian tion, Washington, D.C. 20560. p.m., The Renwick Gallery. Tickets are free; Division of Mllltary History. Cave Paintings: April 2-24. available in the Renwick Museum Shop. (No SATURDAY, MARCH 31 Baroque Tour of Germany and Austria: phone or mall orders.) May 11-June 2. Lecture: Audio-Visual Design for Exhibits. Russia including Siberia: May 31-June 22. Films: History and Culture of the Middle Speaker: Ronald K. Chedister, Smithsonsian East, Parts I and 11-Historical development African Safari: July 17-Aug. 8. Audio-Visual Designer. 10:30 a.m., History Mexico and Guatemala: Aug. 27-Bept. 14. of the Middle East from ancient times and Technology Building Auditorium. through events of the 20th century. The Sufi International Aerospace Tour: Sept. 17- Way-music, art and dance explain the phil OTHER EVENTS 0ct. 3. osophical meanings of Sufism, a system of (Sponsored by the Smithsonian Associates Domestic Study Tours-for further details Moslem mysticism. Sponsored by the Ameri For reservations call 381-5157) write Mrs. Kilkenny, Room 106-SI, Smith can Turkish Association and the Freer Gal Sculpture: The African visage sonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. lery of Art. 8 p.m. Freer Gallery auditorium. Big Bend National Park, Texas: March 11- Lecture series on the sculpture of Western 17. SATURDAY, MARCH 24 and Central Africa. See ;March 11, 18 and 25 Family Weekend: Field trips in and around American Guitar Concert: Tiny Grimes, in Calendar. the Smithsonian. Aprill3-15. pioneer in jazz guitar and Jim Hall, great New American filmmakers series II Folkcraft and Musical Instrument Makers, lyric artist. 8 p.m., Baird Auditorium, Natural Organized by the Whitney Museum of Art. Kentucky, North Carolina and Virginia: April History Building. $3.25 general; $2.75 Asso 5:30 Sundays, History and Technology Build 23-29. ciates and students. Sponsored by the Div. of ing auditorium. March schedule: Films by Vanishing Indian Crafts: May. Performing Arts. Call381-5395. Artists (Mar. 4); Highlights of the Tenth Haiti Skin Diving on the Santa Marla site: Lecture: The History and Development of Ann Arbor Film Festival (Mar. 11); Hildur May 13-23. the Steam Locomotives in the United States. the Magician (Mar. 18): Film on Film Olympic National Park: June 24-July 1. Speaker: John H. White, Jr., Chairman, De (Mar. 25). $1.25 general, 75 cents Associates. Alaska Float Trip: July 18-Aug. 1. partment of Industries. 10:30 a.m., History Day tours California ColoJ;lial History: Sept. 22-29. and Technology Building auditorium. Acadia National Park: Sept. Bethlehem Steel-8pwrrows Point Plant, SUNDAY, MARCH 25 Sea and Shore Laboratory: Florida: Oct. 11- Mar. 6; Winterthur & Odessa, Mar. 24; Hard 18. African Sculpture Lecture: Music and hat tour of Metro, Mar. 4 or 11; Antiquing Dance-Their Place in African Life. Dayo in New Market, Mar. 3 or Apr. 14. Behind the RADIO SMrrHSONIAN Adeyemi, Education Department, Museum Scenes in the Museum of Natural History Radio Smithsonian, a program of music and of African Art, will discuss the significance (for young people), Mar. 30. conversation growing out of the Institution's of various kinds of music in day-to-day llfe many activities, is broadcast every Sunday in African Society. Musical instruments will Kennedy Center series on WGMS-AM (570) and FM (103.5) from 9- be demonstrated. 11 a .m., Museum of African Lecture, Mar. 21. $5 general, $4 Associates. 9:30 p.m. The program schedule for March: Art. $3.25 general, $2.50 Associates. Sponsored Walter Terry, dance critic for Saturday Re 4th-Who Really Discovered America?, fea view and Dance Magazine. 7:30 p.m., The turing Mexican historian Edmundo O'Gor by the Smithsonian Resident Associates. Call Freer Gallery of Art auditorium. 381-51!17 for tickets. man and two Smithsonian staff members, Women at work Dr. Wilcomb Washburn and Dr. Melvin Jack MONDAY, MARCH 26 Women in Science-Or. Lucille E. St. son; Exploring "The Hell of the World." Lecture: Great Craftsman of Royal Wor Hoyme, Associate Curator, Physical Anthro Smithsonian archeologist William Trousdale cester. Henry Sandon, curator of the Dyson pology. Monthly lecture/luncheon series. $12 discusses his work in the desolate land of Perrins Museum in Worcester, England, Will general; $11 Associates. Advance reservations Sistan in southwestern Afghanistan. discuss the painters, gilders and craftsmen required. 11th-Duke Ellington: The Great Ameri who designed the great works of Royal Wor HOURS can Composer, with Martin Williams, Director cester. 8 p.m., History and Technology Build Smithsonian museums are open seven days of the Smithsonian's Jazz Studies Program. ing auditorium. $3.50 general; $2.50 Asso a week from 10 a.m.-5:30 p.m. Cafeteria, 18th-citizen Apathy and Initiative, fea ciates. Call 381-5157 for tickets. Sponsored MHT, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. turing Albert Collin, Research Associate of by the Smithsonian Resident Assoc13.tes. National Zoo buildings are open from 9 the Bureau of Social Science Research; David TUESDAY, MARCH 27 a.m.-4:30p.m., seven db.ys a week. Sllls, author of The Volunteers; Ben Watten Anacostia Neighborhood Museum is open berg, co-author of The Real Majority; and Demonstration: An ail-day demonstration 10 a.m.--6 p.m. weekdays, 1--6 p.m. weekends. of commercial and non-commercial items John Dixon, Director of the Center for a Vol MUSEUM TOURS untary Society. from the exhibition, Objects for Preparing Walk-in tours 25th-Is the Chesapeake in Danger?, dis Food. 11 a.m. to 4 p.m., The Renwick Gallery. Free a.dmJssion. Highlight of the Museum of History and cussion with Dr. Francis Williamson, Direc Technology-weekdays, 10:30 and 11:30 a.m. tor, Smithsonian's Chesapeake Bay Center for WEDNESDAY, MARCH 28 (1 p.m. by advanced request); weekends, Environmental Studies; Baroque Art of Free Film Theatre: Moving On-an excit 10:30 a.m., 12 noon, 1:30 and 5 p.m. Brazil, with Dr. Robert C. Smith, art his ing history of railroading and the people in- First Ladles Gowns-Monday through torian at the University of Pennsylvania. 7614 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 Radio Smithsonian can also be heard over ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN WAL and too reckless. Instead, I recommend using WAMU-FM (88.5), Fridays at 2 p.m. TER E. POWELL TO THE DAY the term "industry-government team" since The Washington Art Scene-Produced by TON, CHAPTER OF THE NA it more closely represents the relationship Radio Smithsonian and radio station WGMS. omo, that actually exists. Generally speaking, by Benjamin Forgey, art critic for the Eventng TIONAL SECURITY INDUSTRIAL definition "teamwork" implies equal par Star-Daily News, hosts the show, wlt!h com ASSOCIATION ticipation in all efforts in which a group of ments on exhibits and other events in the individuals or organizations associate them Washington art community and a schedule selves for the purpose of achieving a common of openings at public and private galleries in HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS goal. the area. Sundays at 6:30 p.m. WGMS-AM OF ILLINOIS I firmly believe our common goal, our pri mary national interest, is survival. Of course, (570); WGMS-FM (103.5). IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DEMONSTRATIONs--MUSEUM OF HISTORY AND there are those who do not agree. They say TECHNOLOGY Tuesday, March 13, 1973 America needs a "re-ordering of our national priorities" with an emphasis on solving our Music Machines-American Style. Mechan Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, my good domestic probleins. Certainly, our domestic ical and electronic music machines. Monday friend and colleague, Congressman situation should be a matter of deep concern through Friday, 1:00 p.m. 2nd floor. As part WALTER E. POWELL of Ohio's Eighth Dis to all of us, but priorities involve the prob of this exhibit, films will be shown con trict, addressed the Dayton Chapter of leins of choice. If as a nation, we could have tinuously throughout the day as follows: everything we wanted, if there were no con Mar. 2-8-Songs of Disney I the National Security Industrial Associa tion on February 16. His thought-provok straints on achieving our goals, the problexns Mar. 9-15-Highlights from MGM Musicals of priorities would not arise. But once we Mar. 16-22-Bongs of Disney II ing address has been called to my atten recognize that we face limits and constraints, Mar. 23-29-Highlights from MGM Musi tion. that we cannot simultaneously satisfy all the cals It is a masterful job. It says a number legitimate objectives which we set for our Mar. 30-Aprll 5-Songs of Disney I of things which need saying. It places selves, then the necessity of choice arises. Spinning and Weaving-Tuesday through clearly in perspective one of the most im What is the constraint? Survival in the Thursday, 10 a.m.-2 p.m. 1st floor. portant issues of the times-the peace face of possible external aggression. The Hand-Set Printing Presses Monday, Tues choice that this consideration would always day, Thursday, Friday, 2-4 p.m., 3rd floor. time need for a strong national defense. I commend Congressman PoWELL, and be our number one priority was made by our Musical Instruments. A selection of 18th founding fathers almost two centuries ago and 19th century instruments, and Ameri I would recommend his address for care when they established a Federal Government can folk, instruments. Lutes and guitars, ful reading and thoughtful study by "to provide for the common defense". Unless Wednesdays, 1:30 p.m. Keyboard demonstra every member of the House. That address we Cflon defend our status as a free and in tions, Monday and Friday, 1:30 p.m.; Hall follows: dependent nation, any other priorities, no of Musical Instruments, 3rd floor. ADDRESS BY CONGRESSMAN WALTE2 E. POWELL matter how good, are meaningless. Steam Engines. Wednesday through Fri The Soviet Union knows this and under day, 1-2:30 p.m. 1st floor. I am going to direct my comments this afternoon to the work done by a segment of stands it well. They have strengthened their Machine Tools. Wednesday through Friday, forces, while we have not. In relative terins, 1-2 p.m. 1st floor. our society that bears the burden of insuring that America remains strong and vigorous for example, we are weaker today vis-a-vis YOUNG PEOPLE'S FESTIVAL OF THE ARTS, ANA• and able to meet its present and future chal the Soviet Union than at any other time in COSTIA NEIGHBORHOOD MUSEUM, MARCH 4-30 lenges. I am referring, of course, to the so the past 25 years. Even more startling is the Drama., dance, gospel music, poetry, panel called "military-industrial complex". The prospect that, at present growth rates, the discussions and many other, VMied programs phrase, as you no doubt recall, was first men Russians wm have superior strategic strength are scheduled throughout the month. Sunda.y tioned by President Eisenhower twelve years in the near future. The $74.6 blllion in our programs are as follows (for a complete list cUITent defense budget represents the low ago. In his farewell address, Eisenhower re est percentage of our GNP allotted to de ing or information call 678-1200): minded the American people that the United Mar. 4--Electric Fuzz jazz and rock con States, which until the beginning of the fense since 1951-about 6.8 percent. Compare cert, 1: 15 p.m. Ep1ta.ph to a Black Move Second World War, had not had an arm that to the Soviet's 15 to 20 percent! And no men-t (theatre) 3 p.m. Soviet warship assigned to a combat role is aments industry was no longer able to risk over 20 years old-while the majority of our Mar. 11-Electric Fuzz jazz a.nd rock con a temporary, stop-gap approach to our na cert, 1:15 p.m. Karate demonstration 1:30 fleet exceeds that. Their submarine shipyards tional defense needs. Instead, it had been are the most modern in the world-with their p.m. Ebony Visions 3 p.m. compelled "to create a permanent armrunents Mar. 18-Gospel Music, 3 p.m. sub fleet numbering over 35{}.-{)ver 100 of industry of vast proportions" in support of a which are nuclear-powered. By 1975, they Mar. 25-Moving Toward Our Black Selves: huge defense establishment costing more poetry by looal poets, 4 p.m. wlll have 50 percent more nuclear-powered than the total net income of U.S. corpora submarines than we have. Our B-52's are now 1973 KITE CARNIVAL tions. The President stated: 17 years old-and they wm be more than 25 Co-sponsored by the Smithsonian Resident "This conjunction of an immense military years old before we can replace them with the Associates a.nd Parks for All Seasons, Nation establishment a.nd a large ar~ industry is B-1 bomber. al Parks. now in the American experience. The total Aside from air and naval power, the Soviets March 10.-Lecture by Paul Garber, His influence-economic, political, even spirit have the edge on the defensive side of the torian Emeritus of the Na.tion&l Air and ual-is felt in every city, every State house, strategic picture, far exceeding this nation Space Museum, on the history and uses of every office of the Federal Government. We in the number of air defense radar sites, kites, the different types and how to fly them. recognize the imperative need for this de command and control facilities, and surface Free-tickets are required. Call 381-5157. 2 velopment. Yet we must not fall to compre to-air missile launchers. p.m., Ba.ird Auditorium, Natural History hend its grave implications. Our toll, re Among their anti-ballistic missile defenses, Build.Lng. sources and livelihood are involved; so is the they currently have operational a system March 17-Kite Fying. Washington Mon very structure of our society. designed to provide an area of defense for ument Grounds. 12 noon-5 p.m. Free kites "In the councils of Government, we must the region surrounding Moscow. Our corre will be distributed by Parks for all Seasons. guard against the acquisition of unwaiTanted sponding safeguard program, on the other Entertainment at the Sylvan Theatre. influence, whether sought or unsought, by hand, which will provide protection for a por March 24--Kite Competition. Washlngtoin the military-industrial complex. The poten tion of our retaliatory minuteman forces, Monument Grounds. 12 noon-2 p.m. Com tial for the Disastrous rise of misplaced will not attain an initial operating capabllity petition is divided into three age groups; power exists and wlll persist. for at l~ast another two years. And that will kites must be home-made by the contestant. "We must never let the weight of this happen only if authorizations continue at Awards will be given at 3 p.m. Raindate: combination endanger our liberties or demo their cUITent level. March 25. (Ca.ll 381-6481) cratic processes. We should take nothing for Even while we have been at the negotiat Dial-a-Phenomenon-737-8655 for weekly granted". ing table, the Soviet Union has been at work a.nnouncements on stars, planets and world During the past few years, due mainly to boosting its m111tary might. When the initial wide occurences of short-lived na.tura.I phe the Vietnam war, we have witnessed a nation strategic arms limitation talks began, for nomens. wide concern and interest over the possible example, the Soviets had 1,100 strategic sys Dial-a-Museum-737-8811 for the daily an "ill-effects" this comP.lex has on our country. teins, both land-based and sea-based. They nouncement on new exhibits and spec.1a.1 In fact, it seems th&t hardly a day goes by now have 2,359-a 114% increase 1n the So events. that the phrase "military-industrial com viet threat while the talks have been in Changes of address and calendar requests: plex" is not cited and that the Eisenhower progress. Of course, they have been strictly ma.ll to Central Information Desk, Great Hall, warning is not invoked to drive home some adhering to the terms of the SALT treaty Smithsonian Institution Building, Washing point in current controversy. and interim agreement freezing offensive ton, D.C. 20560. I believe the term "mllitary-industrtal weapons. But it is obvious that, at the same The Smithsonian Monthly Ca.lendar of complex" is a misnomer as it is used today. . time, they have been doing all that the pacts Events is prepared by the Office of Public It has the connotation of being something allow. Affa.1rs. Editor: Lilas Wiltshire. Deadline for undesirable. Something that is too big, too SALT II talks are now underway. Let's entire entries in the April Calendar: March 5. influential, too uncontrolled, too war-like hope that out of them comes a high degree of March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7615 stab111ty in the strategic balance. If stab111ty holds extensive hearings and debate on the from an era of confrontation to an era of is not achieved, I am afraid that the warning mllitary budget. negotiation with Red China and the SOviet given by the President's blue ribbon defense Where cuts should be made, they are de Union. We must maintain our defense to pre panel will come true. The panel stated: "it fense spending, as a matter of fact, has been vent the possibllity that Communist coun has come increasingly clear that if observable fa111ng in recent years. Between the 1968 and tries might mistake our wlllingness to nego trends continue, the United States wlll be 1972 fiscal years, procurement declined by tiate for a willingness to give in to their de come a second-rate power, incapable of as 20 percent, from $45.4 billion to about $36.4 mands. Strong military defense isn't the suring the future security and freedom of billion of total defense outlays. enemy of peace-it is the guardian of peace. its people." And, every time someone mentions the I mentioned earlier that the "industry "team" as being too reckless and too war government team" is thought undesirable in like, I get the impression that they have the minds of many Americans. They charge seen the movie, "Dr. Strangelove". As you that the "team" has become too big, too recall, the movie's plot centered around an A BILL TO PERMIT EARLY RETIRE influential, too uncontrolled, too war-like and errant general's command to a SAC bomber MENT OF CUSTOMS AND IMMI too reckless for the good of our country. squadron to attack the Soviet Union. As the GRATION "INSPECTORS" When viewed objectively, the "team" is none movie goes on we see all the dtmculty the of these. Government has in re-establishing contact First, let me put to rest the contention of with the planes and the eventual destruc being "too big". Certainly, the "team" is the tion of part of Moscow. Of course, the movie HON. JEROME R. WALDIE Nation's largest single activity. It employs was a satire-but unfortunately, everyone OF CALIFORNIA one in every ten Americans, either in service didn't see it that way. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the mllltary or with its more than Actually, history shows that we are a 120,000 suppliers. But at the same time it peace-loving Nation that hesitates, some Tuesday, March 13, 1973 has the Nation's single most important times to the point of absurdity, to have an Mr. W ALDm. Mr. S~aker, I am today task-insuring the survival of America's 210 adequate military defense. In both World mlllion people. Not to mention the protection introducing a bill to permit the early War I and World War II we were dragged retirement of Customs and Immigration and support we provide for the rest of the into wars without the industrial capacity or free world. planning to meet immediate military needs. "inspectors" by including them within And, contrary to popular belief, the "team" Both times we were saved, not by foresight, the definition of "law enforcement per is not infiuential as a result of the supposed but by time provided by the width of the sonnel" for retirement purposes. Under "excess" profits that it makes. Because these the provisions of this bill, final approval profits simply do not exist, notwithstand oceans and the armies of our ames who were ing what some of our illustrious senators holding the foe at bay far from our shores. of "inspectors' " requests for early re would have you believe. If America had been in a state of readiness tirement would be made by the Civil Let me explain. Total defense procure in the late 1930's, it is possible that World Service Commission. ment of goods and services from industry War II might never have been fought. There Under present statute, Customs and (including defense-related items purchased is certainly no question that if we had had Immigration "inspectors" are not grant by the Atomic Energy Commission) is about the arms and leadership at the beginning of that war that we had only 2 years later, we ed this preferential retirement treat $36 billion in this current fiscal year. This ment, because they are not considered to includes the entire national defense pro would have ended it in half the time with gram, excluding only pay and cash allow tremendous savings. be involved primarily in the investigation ances for personnel. That $36 billion includes Today, in an age in which intercontinental or apprehension of individuals suspected procurement both in the United States and ballistic missiles can leap across entire con of criminal activity. However, I believe overseas: it covers all types of contracting tinents in just a few minutes, there would the activities of the "inspectors" to be of and procurement methods--competitive, simply be no time to convert from civillan such basic importance to their integrity to military production in the event of an non-competitive, off-the-shelf, and _any and enforcement of our CUstoms and Im other. all-out war. So, in order to have the military in a constant state of readiness, a large por migration laws, that we must in fact The General Accounting Office, which statutorily acknowledge their "law en serves as congressional watchdog of Federal tion of U.S. industry has remained geared to programs and monies, was recently directed serving military needs. forcement" role. to make a study of profits realized on de I say let's not confuse being prepared with Mr. Speaker, I submit this bill for the fense contracts. The GAO study covered being reckless and war-like. careful consideration of the Members. over half of all defense procurement (and For the most part, I believe these charges I include the full text of the bill in about 60 percent of awards over $10,000) for are a thing of the past. The Vietnam war is the RECORD: the four years 1966-69 inclusive. After its over--our troops are being withdrawn, the H.R. 5558 prisoners of war are being returned and those lengthy investigation, GAO found that the To include inspectors of the Immigration and rates of return on defense work were 4.3 plissing in action are being accounted for. We owe President Nixon a debt of gratitude Naturalization Service or the Bureau of percent of sales before taxes and 2.3 percent Customs within the provisions of section of sales after taxes. for the patience and determination he showed in bringing our Nation an honorable 8336(c) of title 5, United States Code, Of course, one cannot simply apply this relating to the retirement of certain em 2.3% profit after taxes to the $36 blllion peace. However, we must be vigilant. American ployees engaged in hazardous occupations, in total defense procurement and conclude and for other purposes that the total profits would amount to $828 hatred of armed confilct is so deep that now million after taxes. We don't know, for ex that this war has ended, many people w111 Be tt enacted by the Senate and House ample, whether that rate would apply to want to wash their hands of the whole mm of Representatives of the United States of competitive and off-the-shelf procurements, tary business because they want no more of America in Congress a.ssembled, That (a) the any more than an individual knows the it and what it does. Consequently, they wm first sentence of section 8336(c) of title profits realized when he purchases a car or ask that our manpower be dispersed, our 5, United States Code, is amended to read an appllance. Furthermore, some allowance weapons dismantled-so that we can be as follows: must be made for sub-contracting and the through with war "forever". "(c) An employee, the duties of whose po changes in the tax laws that have been made No one wants war. But, history shows, un sition are primarUy- since the 1966-69 study period. fortunately, that the "forever" the people (1) the investigation, apprehension, or de Nor is the "team" influential because of want is seldom more than 17 years. When the tention of individuals suspected or convicted the two-way tramc in personnel between chips are down-like World War II and Viet of offenses against the criminal laws of the the mllltary and its contractors. The con nam-we again are caught completely un United States; gress has been quite cautious about this; prepared. And the hysteria starts an over (2) to perform work as an inspector in the present conflict-of-interest laws prohibit a again-men must be mobilized and weapons Immigration and Naturalization Service or retired omcer from "sell1ng" anything at all must be improvised and produced at once. in the Bureau of Customs; or to the branch of service he retired from. I was pleased to see that President Nixon (3) to perform work directly connected However, he may sell to the other branches, has foreseen this possiblllty and made adjust with the control and extinguishment of fires but only after a three year waiting period. ments in his budget to keep us prepared for or the maintenance and use of :flrefightlng Too uncontrolled? Certainly not. From the any eventuality. Under that $81.1 billion apparatus and eqUipment; . very beginning, the milltary has had elabo budget we are committed to continue devel including an employe engaged in this activ rate and formal contracting procedures. No opment of the Trident ballistic missile sys ity who is transferred to a supervisory or ad body knows this better than Jack Catton's tem; provide further development of the B-1 ministrative position, who 1s separated from and Jim Stuart's people at the base. Inci strategic bomber; continue conversion of our the service after becoming 50 years of age dentally, it has been estimated that each missiles to the advanced Minutemen m and and completing 20 years of service in the contractor must submit as much as a ton Poseidon systems; and begin development of performance of these duties is entitled to of paperwork in the course of a weapons a strategic submarine-launched cruise mis an annuity 1! the head of his agency rec acquisition process. And as the recent testi sile. ommends his retirement and the CivU Serv mony of Mr. Rule indicates, the data 1s We must maintain a strong mllitary de ice Commission approves that recommenda thoroughly reviewed. In addition, congress fense even though our country is moving tion.". 7616 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 (b) The third sentence of section 833b(c) MANUEL JARA TO BE HONORED the world as he does. Manuel Jara recog of title 5, United States Code, Is amended. BY NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF nizes the simple similarity of being hu by redesignating the reference "(1) ", "(2) ", "(3) ", and "(4) ", as "(A)", "(B)", "(C)", CHRISTIANS AND JEWS man and, by being human, of being and" (D)", respectively. brothers. He has devoted his life to help ing others recognize this simple truth. HON. JIM WRIGHT I am proud to know Manuel Jara and OF TEXAS want to commend the NCCJ for its choice of Manuel for this year's Brotherhood CONGRESSMAN DANIELS LAMENTS IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES award and to commend the NCCJ for its PASSING OF JERSEY CITY COUN Tuesday, March 13, 1973 years 'of service to mankind. Through CIL PRESIDENT KELAHER, "THE men like Manuel Jara and organizations BEST OF THE BREED" Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, we are all aware, I am sure, of the dedicated. and like the NCCJ, perhaps one day we will wonderful work done by the NatiOnal really all be brothers, as we should be. Conference of Christians and Jews. This HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS nationwide organization has worked OF NEW JERSEY since 1928 to foster the ideals of brother IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hood and respect among individuals, re mVIN R. TCHON, CIVIL LEADER, Tuesday, March 13, 1973 gardless of religion, color, or etlmic ACTIVE IN FIELD OF DRUG ABUSE origin. ' EDUCATION Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. In view of the remarkable record of Speaker, it is with great regret that I this organization it is especially pleasing announce to the Members of this House, to learn of an announcement by the west the passing of a good friend of mine and HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN Texas region of the National Conference OF U.LINOIS a most able public servant, John J. Kela of Christians and Jews that my very good her, the president of the Jersey City friend, Manuel Jara of Fort Worth, will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Council, who passed to his immortal re be this year's recipient of its annual Tuesday, March 13, 1973 ward on Thursday, March 8, 1973, at the Brotherhood Award. age of 59. Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, I The award is to be made at the 22d should like to take this opportunity to Mr. Kelaher, a longtime civic and Brotherhood Citation Dinner which is political leader, has served continuously publicly acknowledge the work of Mr. being held at 7 p.m., Thursday, March Irvin R. Tchon, of Chicago, in the field since 1961 on the city council, a remark 29, in the grand ballroom of the Shera able record when one considers the twists of drug abuse education. For some time ton-Fort Worth Hotel. now, Mr. Tchon has been active in help and turns of the political trail that have Manuel Jara personifies the best in the marked the last decade in Jersey City. ing youths in the Chicago area through human spirit, and has devoted his life .to drug abuse programs. Mr. Speaker, many newspaper men the philosophy of brotherhood. Mr. Wil have noted that Jack Kelaher was a In appreciation of his dedicated serv liam c. Conner, chairman of this year's ices on behalf of the community and the typical representative of the old-school NCCJ Brotherhood Citation Dinner in political leader. If this is so, he was the youth he has helped, Alderman Laskow Fort Worth, summed it up when he said: ski, of Chicago, has proposed a resolu very best of the breed. Charming and No one in this community represents these gracious, he was loved by all and had tion in Mr. Tchon's honor. ideals better than Manuel Jara. He is a liv The resolution is as follows: the respect of those who differed with ing example of the attitudes we should ex him on political issues of the day. I know press in our relations with others. Whereas, Mr. Irvin R. Tchon, of 3218 N. that I shall miss his big heart, his un central Park Avenue, a pharmacist and a failing sense of kindness, and his dedica Manuel Jara is presently working on well-known Polish-American civic and com tion to Jersey City. many projects with many different org&: munity leader and resident of the 35th Ward nizations in the Fort Worth area. He lS was recently honored by various organiza To his. wife, Helen, the former Helen president of the Catholic Social Services tions and associations; and Murphy, and his son, John J., and his Whereas, Mr. Tehan was awarded the Dis daughter, Mary Patrica, I extend my of Tarrant County, as well as president tinguished Service Award by the County deepest sympathy in their hour of be of the International Good Neighbor Superintendent of Schools in grateful recog reavement. Mrs. Daniels, who shared my Council in Forth Worth. nition of loyal and meritorious service to the high regard for Jack, joins me in ex Mr. Jara also serves in an advisory people of Cook County through dedicated pressing our condolences. capacity to such groups as the bilingual leadership on advancing the highest ideals Mr. Speaker, the Jersey Journal, in its advisory board and the Fort Worth Pub of American education; and, also, was award lic Schools Human Relations Committee. ed the Aladdin Light Education Award by edition of March 9, 1973, editorially noted the County School Minority Assistant Super the passing of Jack Kelaher and I in He is presently involved with more than 20 civic and humanitarian organizations intendent for his participation in Minority clude this editorial following my re and Economic Studies and Environmental marks: and has in the past served on many Minority Youth Training; and COUNCIL PRESIDENT more. Whereas. Mr. Tchon, a. member of theRe Providence accorded John J. Kelaher the On November 18, 1967, the county tail Druggist Association, has been very ac dignity of dying while in office. Jersey City's judge of Tarrant County declared that tive in our City and especially in the 35th council president passed on as the admin day as "Manuel Jara Day" in honor of ward youth work concerning drug abuse and istration was announcing its choices for the his distinguished humanitarian work. In education, providing leadership and coordi next council and he was not among them. 1972 he was awarded a certificate of ap nation of education and informative efforts He should not have been among them even preciation by President Nixon for 5 years of organizations interested in the area of if he had lived; physicians had been advis of service to the Selective Service System drug abuse. He assisted in drug abuse edu ing him for the last year to leave public life cation programs and is currently giving of and conserve his health. as an adviser. He was honored in 1967 himself wholehea.rtedily and tirelessly to this There are not many left like him-the with an Urban Service award from Sar cause; now, therefore, true, old style Jersey City politician with the gent Shriver, Director of the Office of Be It Resolved, That the Mayor and mem Gaelic :flair which was the mark of Jersey Economic Opportunity. bers of the City Council of the City of City public life these last two generations, Manuel Jara is a man with a compas Chicago, in meeting assembled this 28th day the kind so often described as "courtly gen sionate and unselfish view of the world. of July, 1971, do hereby express their ap tlemen." These were men of "practical" poll His work has benefited not only his fel preciation for the dedicated labors of Irvin tics, a style less in favor when theoretical con low Texans of all races and religions ~ut R. Tchon on behalf of the youth and his siderations get more notice. The old times all Americans. By his years of untiring com.m.untty, and extend their best wishes for the wakes, the vistlng, the hat-tipping on continued success in his efforts and for many election day-are almost gone. If their vogue devotion to the principles of brotherhood years of fruitful and happy life. is past, there is the recollection that the best he has helped make our Nation a better of those men contributed to the advance place to live. By the efforts of men like It is the work of such men as Mr. ment of the city. And John J. Kelaher was him, and those who will follow his ex Tchon that enables us to conquer many among the best of them. ample, perhaps someday we may all see of the social problems in America today. March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7617 WE MUST GET TOUGH which can be brought into line by the Muskie have something in common even if adoption and application of whatever they sit on opposite sides of the political aisle: cards listing the names of their fathers legal measures are required to get the share a file at the offices of the Immigration HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS job done. The ordeal of recent years in and Naturalization Service in New York City, OF PENNSYLVANIA which we have tolerated the growth of Theodore Anagostopoulos and a Polish tailor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this crime with its destruction of count named Marcieszewski. The episode will be less lives, mostly those of young people, colorcast on Tuesday, March 13, 10:00 p.m. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 certainly has taught us one thing. The EST. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, the need problem will not pass away of itself or by More TV viewing: "Strange and Terrible our neglect or by public education ef Times," which will dwell on crises that of harsher measures to deal with the threatened the very existence of the United addictive drug traffic is recognized by forts, commendable as they may appear States but were overcome by the perseverance every concerned American. to be in some instances. It must be and determination of the .A,merican character, This Nation never before has faced a smashed. And the enforcement agen will be presented on "The American Experi crime as degraded and fearsome in its cies need hard laws and compulsory ence," on NBC-TV Friday, April 27, at 9:00 potentialities and, therefore, is ill-pre court help to do so-both the respon p.m. EST. Chet Huntley is host-narrator for pared under present circumstances to sibility of Congress in its wisdom to pro "The American Experience,'' a series of 10 vide. one-hour dramatic essays keyed to the Amer handle it. ican Revolution Bicentennial. This special, Unfortunately, we have judges who, second in the series, will re-create three pre in some instinct for supertolerance and carious periods in U.S. history-the Revolu perhaps pity for the victims, hav.e failed NEWS BULLETIN OF THE AMERI tionary War, the Civil War and the Great to apply even those antinarcotics stat- CAN REVOLUTION BICENTENNIAL Depression-while relating these struggles to utes now on the books. . COMMISSION the violence and upheaval of the present. In far too many cases drug suspects The Institute of Outdoor Drama Newslet ter published at the University of North have been convicted and then released Carolina at Chapel Hill makes note of anum after serving minimum sentences only HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST ber of dramatic presentations with historical to show up again as pushers or, desperate OF VIRGINIA backgrounds to be presented in several states. for money to finance their habit, in other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kermit Hunter's "The Trail of Tears,'' the story of the Cherokee's hegira from the S.E. crimes. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 The problem cannot be solved by leni United States to the West, will be presented ency. Neither can it be abated, so we have Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, I am at Tahlequah, Oklahoma June 23 through learned through experience, by sup inserting the March 5, 1973, edition of August 25; "In Freedom We'll Live," based the news bulletin of the American Revo on the battles of Trenton and Princeton in posed understanding of the drug user's 1776-77, is planned by the New Jersey His plight and programs designed to help lution Bicentennial Commission-ARBC. torical Drama Association at Princeton and him after he becomes hooked. I take this action to help keep my col "Ramona,'' a California romance, will be per What is needed is a crackdown with all leagues informed of events being planned formed at Hemet, California on April 28-29, the force necessary to get this awful and taking place across the country pre May 5-6 and May 12-13. Auditions will be thing under control. In view of this, paring for the Nation's 200th anniversary held for "The Cross and the Sword," "The I am gratified to read in news dispatches in 1976. The bulletin is compiled and Lost Colony," "The Stephen Foster Story,'' "Tecumseh!" "Unto These Hills," "The Leg that the White House is in the process written by the staff of the ARBC com end of Daniel Boone,'' and others on March of preparing what is termed a "tough" munications committee. The bulletin fol 10 at the Institute of Outdoor Drama in antidrug bill for submission to this lows: Chapel Hill. Congress. WASHINGTON, D.C., George Washington to his Troops, 1782: My hope is that the bill will include March 5, 1973. "Notwithstanding the Troops are verging so the toughest possible sentences for dope The stated goal of the Bicentennial is to near perfection, some small improvements forge a new nati onal commitment, a new may yet be made; to wear the hair cut or pushers and the means whereby courts Spirit of '76, a spirit which vitalizes the tied in the same manner through a whole will be compelled to hand down such ideas for which the Revolution was fought corps, would still be a very considerable im sentences. I tend to agree with New York and a spirit which will unite the nation in provement. . . . At general inspection and re Governor Nelson Rockefeller in his rec purpose and in dedication to the advance views, two pounds of flour and one-half ommendation to his State's legislature ment of human welfare as it moves into its pound of rendering tallow, per hundred men, that life imprisonment be given these Third Century. may be drawn from the contractors for dress people with no parole permitted. A Ukrainian National Committee for the ing hair." Bicentennial has been created by the Ukrain The City of North Las Vegas was named Surely, the crime of pushing-the ad ian Congress Committee of America, the cen the first "Bicentennial City" by members of dicting, indeed, of youngsters-is worse tral representative body of Ukrainians in the Nevada American Revolution Bicenten in the long run than that of murder it the United States. Mr. Taras Szmagala of nial Commission meeting recently in Carson self. A murderer kills in an instant. A Cleveland will serve as chairman of the City. Included in the proposals submitted to drug pusher murders by slow degrees, Committee and Mr. Walter Bacad of New the NARBC for approval is the preservation exacting years of agony from his victim York will serve as President. Both men are and restoration of the Kyle Ranch which before a sordid death finally takes place. nationally prominent leaders in the Ukrain would provide a "living history" of southern The drug racket never can be cleaned ian community in the United States. Crea Nevada. tion of a broad-based committee representa In Virginia, the Hampton Bicentennial up as long as the pusher is allowed to tive of all generations of Ukrainians as well Committee has adopted as its theme, "Hamp spend a brief time in prison and then to as professions and pursuits as planned as one ton, Re.volutionary Port Town and Home of hit the streets again. He must be put of many ethnic groups around the country to Virginia's Navy and War Heroes." Projects away for good as a continuing menace. participate in the Bicentennial. As an ed of the Committee include creation of a "liv He can be shown no mercy. · itorial, by Anthony Dragan who was instru ing indoor-outdoor museum;" creation of Far too many offenders now escape mental in forming the Committee, in Svoboda Hampton Heritage Park and Activity Center; full punishment even after arrest be the Ukrainian Daily notes: "It is imperative opening of the waterfront for use and public that we marshall the best of our talent in enjoyment; painting of a diorama "Hamp· cause present laws demand proof of in each and every area of pursuit and that we ton, Revolutionary War Port Town," and tent to sell hard narcotics-heroin and pool that talent together to sow that we, creation of "Windows of the Past" in the cocaine, principally-found in their pos too, have a "Past to Remember-and a Future walls of old and new buildings. Also planned session. The White House legislation, ac to Mold." is production of a musical by AI Carmines, cording to the reports, aims to get On Tuesday, February 27, the eighth in a native of Hampton and writer of "A Look around this barrier by making the mere stallment of Alistair Cooke's series "America" at the Fifties,'' which has been enjoying a. having of a dope supply beyond an ad was seen on NBC-TV. Entitled, "Money on hit run at the Arena Stage in Washington, dict's own short-term need sufficient the Land," it featured the building of some D.C. Many other vital and ambitious projects of America's greatest fortunes, the men who worthy of emulation are in the works; :fife evidence in itself of intentions to peddle amassed them-and what they did with them. and drum corps, international exchange pro the stuff. This is a much needed change. The next episode entitled "The Huddled grams, arts and crafts festivals among them. The drug problem is one of the most Masses," provided Cooke with some fascinat From the Navajo Times, February 1, 1973. complex ever to confront us. And yet, as ing research and he wa.s reminded that Vice Governor Bruce King speaking to the New with all man-created problems, is one President Spiro T. Agnew and Sen. Edmund Mexico Bicentennial Congress announced the 7618 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 appointment of Benny Atencio, Chairman of The dangerous element of deception in tbe EIGHT REPUBLICAN SENATORS the All Pueblo Council, to the New Mexico President's approach is the suggestion that a. SPEAK OUT Bicentennial Commission. He noted, "It is a reluctance "to bring the criminal to justice" special opportunity for our citizens to is at issue. In fact, of course, there can be remember and pay tribute to our own history no serious disagreement over the need to HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS and traditions." He stressed the multicul apprehend, try, convict and punish criminals. tural aspects of New Mexico. Emphasis was The question is whether reliance on the death OF IDAHO placed strongly by all attendees at the Con penalty is either effective or moral. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress on the need to actively involve all the On the matter of effectiveness, the argu Tuesday, March 13, 1973 many cultures in New Mexico's celebration ment can be simply stated. If the death of the Bicentennial to be held in 1976. Zuni penalty is mandated for certain crimes, juries Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, eight Re Governor Robert Lewis said in a scheduled will be increasingly reluctant to convict. In publican Members of the U.S. Senate re address, "80 years before the Pilgrims landed, addition, a cornered criminal-whether he cently undertook a noteworthy effort to the Spanish were in contact with my people. be caught on a plane in flight or in any assure that their party does not go trip There were seven villages, well organized, other situation endangering the lives of government-wise and community wise." He others-is far more likely to drag others along ping down the same sort of primrose path said the Zunis are proud of the fact that to a fate that for him has become inevitable. which one of their colleagues recently long before the white men came to America If, on the other hand, the death penalty is led the Democratic party. They actually they had an organized civilization complete permitted but not mandatory, it is difficut called the hand of the new Republican with community services, government and to see how the Supreme Court's objection to National Chairman when he appointed law and order. its uneven and unpredictable application as chairman of the party's reform com Contact: Duke Zeller, Editor; Barbara could be overcome. mission the man who led the floor fight Sands (202) 254-8007. The question of morality should not re quire either argument or advocacy in a. civi at the National Convention to alter the lized society. One need not be soft on mur delegate allocation formula so that derers to believe that a criminal's actions do Southern, Western, and small-population ABOLISH THE DEATH PENALTY not absolve the government from the stric States would be deprived of their right tures of the Sixth Commandment against ful voice in party affairs. killing. Clearly, that is the spirit that has I like that sort of frankness and open HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN prevailed in the United States, where no dialog with respect to political policy and execution has taken place since 1967. It is OF MASSACHUSETTS difficult to see how the executioner's return decisionmaking. Given the timidity with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES would symbolize Mr. Nixon's view of "law which most of the troops tend to receive the dictates of party leaders these days, Tuesday, March 13, 1973 a.nd order" as "code words for goodness and decency." I applaud these Senators, not only for Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, in an act the position they have taken but for their that can only be called ill-advised and example in speaking out for their con unconscionable, President Nixon has LEGISLATION TO LOWER PRICES victions. called upon Congress to reinstate the FOR BREAD AND OTHER WHEAT I want them to know that I concur death penalty. In an exceptionally lucid PRODUCTS in what they did and that I am grateful editorial, the New York Times today for the assurances their letter elicited answered the President's argument that from the national chairman. With them, the death penalty is necessary to deter HON. ELLA T. GRASSO I shall be watching to be certain those crime. I commend this editorial, the text OF CONNECTICUT assurances are carried out. I know many of which follows, to my colleagues: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of my Republican colleagues in the THOU SHALT NOT KILL House and concerned Republicans all Tuesday, March 13, 1973 President Nixon has called on Congress to around the country will be doing the defeat crime in America by restoring the Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, with food same. death penalty. The appeal appears based on prices enjoying a stranglehold on the Mr. Speaker, I include the recent col a theory as questionable as the proverbial American public, the consumer needs umn by Mr. Frank van der Linden dis promise to fight fire with fire. Even were every assistance available to lower the cussing the Senators' letter and' the moral considerations to be put aside, judicial murder happens not to be a particularly ef market basket price of food. chairman's response, at the conclusion fective way to accomplish the desired end. For this reason, I am today introduc of my remarks. Mr. van der Linden's Mr. Nixon thinks otherwise. "Contrary to ing legislation designed to lower prices column is distributed nationally by the the views of some social theorists," he said for bread and other domestic wheat prod United Features Syndicate of New York: in his radio address to the nation, "I am con ucts by repealing the 75-cent excise tax EIGHT REPUBLICAN SENATORS SPEAK OUT vinced that the death penalty can be an ef on each bushel of wheat used to produce (By Frank van der Linden) fective deterrent against specific crimes." these items. WASHINGTON.-Republican National Chair This view ignores more than the opinions The 75-cent-per-bushel charge which of "some social theorists." The National man George Bush is quietly reassuring suspi Commission on Reform of Federal Criminal my bill would repeal, commonly known cious conservatives that he won't reopen the Laws in 1971 recommended the abolition of as the bread tax, is imposed under the intra-party fight over 1976 convention dele capital punishment. The World Council of Agriculture Adjustment Act. The bread gate allotments nor favor any George Mc Churches called on all nations to ban the tax was enacted in 1962 and has main Govern-style quotas for minority groups. death penalty as a. violation of "the sanctity tained a 75-cent-per-bushel rate since Eight Republican Senators-Nebraska's Carl Curtis and Roman Hruska, Wallace of life." A growing number of European and then. The tax is collected from millers, Latin American countries have eliminated Bennett of Utah, Norris Cotton of New those who turn wheat into flour. The Hampshire, Milton Young of North Dakota, capital punishment from their judiCial ar cost to the miller is reflected in higher senal. The Vatican revoked the death penalty Hiram Fong of Hawall, Clifford Hansen of in 1969. And in its latest ruling, the Supreme costs to the baker for flour which are Wyoming, and Jesse Helms of North Caro Court held, although by a. disconcertingly passed on as price increases for bread lina---sent Bush a round-robin letter express narrow majority of 5 to 4, that the death to the consumer. The revenues collected ing their "shock" over his appointment of penalty is cruel and unusual punishment in from the millers are used to pay a por youthful Wisconsin Congressman W11liam violation of the Eighth Amendment. tion of the cost of farm subsidy pay Steiger to hea.d a party reform commission. But for Mr. Nixon, the issue seems merely ments. Only too well, they remembered Steiger's part of a simplistic "get tough" answer to floor fight at Miami Beach last August, in what is widely acknowledged to be a serious The bread tax accounts for nearly 2 the unsuccessful attempt to give the large. but also a. complex problem of violent crime. cents of the price of a 1-pound loaf of Northern states a bigger share of the 1976 He considers the major cause of such crime bread. Repeal of this unnecessary tax on convention delegates-a formula which "soft-headed judges" and a permissive philos wheat products would provide some con "would have worked to the profound disad ophy." The President appears to revert to sumer price relief for these important vantage of Southern, Western and small a. variation of the theme that helped him states." items. climb to political success in the past. Having food Noting that the convention rejected Stei once benefited from accusing his opponents It is my hope that the House will pass ger's stand by a two to one margin, the Sen of being "soft" on Communism, he now 1m my bill as quickly as possible so that the ators told Bush, they hoped his choice of piles that those who disagree with his con consumer can look forward to some relief Steiger did not indicate a desire to reopen cept of law and order are "soft" on crime. from the frustrations of food shopping. the delegate fight or "to follow the path of March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF.REMARKS 7619 Senator George McGovern and his associ MOTOR VEIDCLE SAFETY AMEND "(2) Whenever the Secretary requires the ates who have done so much to destroy the MENTS OF 1973 manufacturer to remedy the defect or failure Democratic Party." under subsection (h), he shall require the "We believe," they added, "that President manufacturer (either in the notification re Nixon's overwhelming victory in November HON. BOB ECKHARDT quired by subsection (a) or (e), or in a is proof that the people of the United States subsequent notification) to notify the per will not buy the kind of reforms the Mc OF TEXAS sons described in subsection (b) of the man Governites have advocated nor will the Amer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ufacturer's obligation to so remedy the defect ican voter, who each election becomes more Tuesday, March 13, 1973 or failure." sophisticated, accept reforms which seem • (2) Section 113 of such Act is amended constructive but which have as a practical Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, I am by adding the following new subsection at consequence the same effect as the McGovern today joining with the principal sponsor, the end theerof: style changes." Representative JoHN E. Moss, Democrat "(h) (1) (A) Whenever a manufacturer 1s The Senator's sharp warning reflected the of California, and Representative HENRY required under subsection (a) or (e) of this conservatives' widespread fear that, in his section to furnish notification of a defect eagerness to bring more young people and HELSTOSKI, Democrat of New Jersey, in any motor vehicle or item of motor vehicle minority group voters into the Republican to introduce the Motor Vehicle Safety equipment or of any failure to comply with party, as directed by the President, the new Amendments of 1973. This legislation an applicable Federal motor vehicle safety chairman would move to the left in the gen represents a series of essential improve standard, the Secretary shall (after providing eral direction of McGovern-style delegate ments to the National Trame and Motor an opportunity, in the proceeding under sub quotas. Vehicle Safety Act of 1966. section (e) for the oral and written presenta Although he is an oil millionaire and a Mr. Speaker, 56,300 Americans died in tion of views by interested persons) order former Texas Congressman, right-wing Re the manufacturer to remedy such defect or publicans also recall that Bush is a native motor vehicle accidents in 1972. This is failure in such motor vehicle or item of motor New Englander, son of the late Connecticut an increase of more than 1,000 deaths vehicle equipment, without charge to the Senator Prescott Bush, and former ambassa over 1971. owner of such motor vehicle or item of motor dor to the United Nations-sure signs of in Two million American citizens were vehicle equipment and in such manner as 1s cipient Eastern liberalism. injured seriously in motor vehicle acci specified by the Secretary; except that where Bush swiftly smoothed the protesting Sen dents in 1972. The National Safety Coun a defect or failure in such motor vehicle or ators' ruftled feathers by assuring them that item of motor vehicle equipment cannot be neither he nor Bill Steiger had any intention cil estimates the economic loss from such adequately repaired within a reasonable pe of reopening the delegate question, which accidents at $17.5 billion a year. riod (which period shall not exceed sixty the Miami Beach convention had decided, During the decade of the 1970's as days after the owner tenders the vehicle or "two to one." many as 600,000 Americans may die on item of equipment for repairs, unless the "As chairman, I respect and will support our Nation's highways. This is more Secretary extends such period for good cause the will of the convention," he wrote. "I can deaths than in all the wars that our and publishes his reasons therefor in the assure you that I will not be a party to per country has fought in. Federal Register) the Secretary shall require mitting-to say nothing of leading--our While the rate of deaths per mile that the motor vehicle or item of equipment party down the so-called McGovern course." be replaced with a new or equivalent vehicle In his efforts to elect more Republican traveled on the highways has declined or item of equipment without charge, or members of Congress, the chairman said, he slightly in recent years, I believe our that the purchase price be refunded in full favors welcoming many new voters but "not Nation can and must take more effective (less a reasonable allowance for depreciation on a quota basis." steps to reduce the human carnage and based on actual use if the vehicle or item Defending Steiger as "a fair, decent man economic loss from motor vehicle acci of equipment has been in the possession of who will do this job with dedication and dents. This legislation will be a first step. one.or more purchasers, excluding any dealer maximum integrity," Bush promised that the A statement by Mr. Moss together with or distributor, for more than one year). reform commission would be "broad-based "(B) In any case in which subparagraph and balanced." He vowed that he would lead a section-by-section explanation of the (A) applies to a tire, the manufacturer of the party neither to the left nor to the right. bill will be found in the Extensions of such tire shall not be required to replace His aim, he said was "to make our party the Remarks. such tire without charge if the tire Is pre majority party for the first time in ages." The text of the Motor Vehicle Safety sented for remedy more than sixty days after Amendments of 1973 is as follows: (i) the owner of such tire receives actual H.R. 5529 notice under subsection (c) (2) of the manu facturer's obligation to remedy the tire or A bill to amend the National Traffic and LEWISTON DAILY SUN'S (11) replacement tires become available, Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 to au whichever is later. 80TH BffiTHDAY thorize appropriations for the fiscal years "(2) (A) If the Secretary determines that 1974, 1975, and 1976, to provide for the the defect or failure to comply with an ap recall of certain defective motor vehicles plicable motor vehicle safety standard is of HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN without charge to the owners thereof and such inconsequential nature that the pur OF MAINE for other purposes poses of this title and the public interest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of would not be served by requiring the manu- . Representatives of the United States of facturer to remedy the defect or failure, the Tuesday, March 13, 1973 America in Congress assembled, Secretary may exempt such manufacturer Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, the Lewis SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. from the requirements of paragraph (1) of ton Daily Sun, a newspaper that services This Act may be cited as the "Motor Ve this subsection. Maine's Androscoggin, Oxford, and hicle Safety Amendments of 1973". "(B) Paragraph (1) of this subsection SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. shall not apply to a defect in or failure to Franklin Counties, has just passed its comply of a particular motor vehicle or item 80th birthday. Accordingly, I want to ex Section 121 of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 ( 15 U.S.C. of motor vehicle equipment to the extent press best wishes to the Sun upon enter 1409) is amended to read as follows: that such vehicle or item of equipment is ing its 81st year of publication. "SEc. 121. There are authorized to be ap subject to section 111." Along with the Journal, which the Sun propriated for the purpose of carrying out (3) Section 105(a) (1) of such Act is acquired in 1923, the papers have a com this Act, not to exceed $70,000,000 per fiscal amended by inserting "or 113 (h)" after "sec bined circulation of 48,250 daily news year for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, tion 103". papers and employ 180 persons. All of and for each of the two succeeding flscal (b) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION; PuBLIC years." PARTICIPATION.- us who are regular readers of the Sun (!) The second sentence of section 113 have been continually provided with SEC. 3. NOTIFICATION AND RECALL. (d) of such Act is amended to read as fol first-rate news service over the years. (a) REMEDY WITHOUT CHARGE TO OwNER. lows: Any information which may indicate Indeed. at a time when the media are (1) Section 113(c) of the National Traffic the existence of a defect which relates to and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 Is motor vehicle safety or of the failure of a increasingly under attack, the Lewiston amended to read as follows: Daily Sun has exemplified the finest motor vehicle or item of motor vehicle equip " (c) ( 1) The notification required by sub ment to comply with an applicable Federal qualities of the journalism profession. section (a) or (e) of this section shall con motor vehicle safety standard under section Accurate and ethical in its reporting and tain a clear description of such failure to comply with applicable motor vehicle safety lOS shall be public information. The Secre- fair in its editorial reactions, the Sun tary shall disclose so much of any other in deserves to be recognized as one of standards or such defect, an evaluation of the risk to tratllc safety reasona-bly related formation obtained under this subsection or America's great newspapers. To all who to such defect, and a statement of the section 112 to the public as he determines are connected with the Sun, I wish them measures to be taken to repair such failure w1ll assist the purposes in carrying out thiS a happy birthday. or defect. Act; but he shall not (under the authority 7620 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1978 of this sentence) make available or disclose {B) by changing the period at the end of nated by the Secretary, upon presenting ap to the public any information which con paragraph (1) (D) to a semicolon and adding propriate credentials and written notice to tains or relates to a trade secret or other at the end of subsection (a) the following the owner, operator, or agent in charge, are matter referred to in section 1905 of title 18, new subparagraphs: authorized, at reasonable times and in a rea United States Code, unless he determines "(E) fall or refuse to comply with an sonable manner- that it is necessary to carry out the purposes order of the Secretary as required under sec "(A) to enter (i) any factory, warehouse, of this Act." tion 113(h); or or establishment in which motor vehicles or (2) Section 113(e) of such Act is amended "(F) fail to comply with any rule, regula items of motor vehicle equipment are manu by striking out the third and fourth sen tion or order issued under section 112, 113, factured, or held for introduction into inter tences and inserting in lieu thereof the fol"" or 114." state commerce or are held for sale after such lowing: "Such notice shall be published in (b) PENALTIEs.--section 109 of such Act introduction, or (11) any premises where a the Federal Register, and may be dissemi (15 U.S.C. 1398) is amended- motor vehicle or item of motor vehicle equip nated by other means 1f the Secretary deems (1) by inserting" (1)" after "SEc. 109. (a)", ment involved in a motor vehicle accident is it necessary for public safety. The informa (2) by redesignating subsection (b) as located; tion on which such notice is based shall be paragraph (2} of subsection (a), "(B) to impound for a period not to ex made available to the public. The Secretary (3) by striking out ", or any regulation ceed 72 hours, any motor vehicle or item of shall afford interested persons an oppor issued thereunder," in the first and second motor vehicle equipment involved in a motor tunity to present views and evidence in sup sentences of subsection (a) (1) (as so redes vehicle accident; and port thereof, as to whether there is a failure ignated by paragraph ( 1) ) ; "(C) to inspect any factory, warehouse,. of compliance, or the alleged defect affects ( 4) by striking out "$400,000" in the sec establishment, vehicle, or equipment re motor vehicle safety. If after such presenta ond sentence of such subsection (a) ( 1) and ferred to in subparagraph (A} or (B). tion by interested persons, the Secretary de inserting in lieu thereof "$800,000"; and Each inspection under this paragraph shall termines that such vehicle or item of equip· ( 5) by adding at the end of such section be commenced and completed with reason ment does not comply with applicable Fed 109 the following new subsection: aoble promptness. eral motor vehicle safety standards, or con "(b) (1) (A) Any person who knowingly and "(3) (A) Whenever, under the authority of tains a defect which relates to motor vehicl~ willfully violates section 108 of this Act shall paragraph (2) (B). the Secretary inspeots or safety, the Secretary shall direct the manu be fined not more than $1,000, or shall be temporarily impounds for the purpose of in facturer to furnish the notification specified imprisoned not more than one year, or both. spection any motor vehicle (other than a in subsection (c) of this section to the pur "(B) Any person may be fined not more vehicle subject to part II of the Interstat& chaser of such motor vehicle or item of mo than $1,000 under subparagraph (A) for Commerce Act). he shall pay reasonable com tor vehicle equipment as provided in sub each motor vehicle or item of motor vehicle pensation to the owner of such vehicle to the sections {a) and (b) of this section." equipment with respect to which a violation extent that such inspection or impounding (c) NOTIFICATION TO REGISTERED 0WNER. of section 108 occurred, or for each failure results in the denial of the use of the vehicle Section 113(b) (1) of such Act is amended or refusal to allow or perform an act re to its owner or in the reduction in value of by striking out ", and to any subsequent pur quired by such section. A person may not be the vehicle. chaser to whom has been transferred any imprisoned under subparagraph (A) for more "(B) As used in this subsection, 'motor warranty on such motor vehicle or motor ve than one year with respect to any related vehicle accident' means an occurrence asso hicle equipment" and inserting in lieu there series of violations. ciated with the maintenance, use, or opera of "or the failure to comply, and to any other "(2) Any individual director, officer, or tion of a motor vehicle or item of motor person who is a registered owner (listed in agent of a corporation who knowingly and vehicle equipment in or as a result of Which State records available to manufacturers) of willfully authorizes, orders, or performs any any person suffers death or personal injury. the motor vehicle containing such defect or of the acts or practices constituting in whole or in which there is property damage to a failure or in which equipment containing or in part a violation of section 108, shall safety related system or item of equipment. such defect or failure is installed". be subject to penalties under this section "(b) Every manufacturer of motor vehicles (d) CoNFORMING AMENDMENT .--section. 113 without regard to any penalties to which that and motor vehicle equipment shall establish (b) of such Act is amended by inserting im corporation may be subject under paragraph and maintain such records, and every manu mediately after "required by subsection (a) " ( 1) of this subsection." facturer, dealer, or distributor shall make the following: "or (e)". (c) lNJUNCTioNs.- such reports, as the Secretary may reason SEC. 4. ENFORCEMENT. (1) The first sentence of section llO(a) ably require to enable him to determine (a) PROHIBITED ACTS.- of such Act (15 U.S.C. 1399) is amended (1) whether such manufacturer, dealer, or dis (1) (A) Section 108(a) of the National by inserting " (or rules, regulations or orders tributor has acted or is acting in compliance Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 thereunder)" after "violations of this title", with this title or any rules, regulations, or is amended by inserting " ( 1) " after "SEc. and (2) by inserting immediately after orders issued thereunder and shall, upon re 108. (a)", by redesignating paragraphs (1), "pursuant to this title," the following: "or quest of an officer or employee duly desig (2), (3),and (4) assubparagraphs (A), (B), to contain a defect (A) which relates to nated by the Secretary, permit such officer (C), and (D), respectively, and by adding at motor vehicle safety and (B) with respect to or employee to inspect appropriate books, the end of such subsection the following new which notification has been given under sec papers, records, and documents relevant to paragraph: tion 113(a) or required to be given under determining whether such manufacturer, "(2) No manufacturer, distributor, dealer, section 113 (e) ,". dealer, or distributor has acted or is acting or motor vehicle repair business shall know (2) The next to the last sentence of sec in compliance with this title or any rules, ingly remove, or render inoperative in whole tion 110 (a) of such Act is amended by delet regulations ,or orders issued thereunder. or part, any device or element of design in ing the period at the end thereof and adding Nothing in this subsection shall be construed stalled on or in a motor vehicle or item of the following: "or to remedy the defect.". as imposing recordkeeping requirements on distributors or dealers. motor vehicle equipment in compliance with SEC. 5. INSPECTION AND RECORDKEEPING. an applicable Federal motor vehicle safety (a) Subsections (a). (b), and (c) of sec "(c) (1) For the purpose of carrying out standard, unless such manufacturer, distrib tion 112 of the National Traffic and Motor the provisions of this title, the Secretary, or utor, dealer, or repair business reasonably Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 are amended to on the authorization of the Secretary, any believes that such vehicle or item of equip read as follows: officer or employee of tbe Department of ment will not be used during the time such "(a) (1) The Secretary is authorized to·con Transportation may hold such hearings, take device or element of design is removed or duct any inspection or investigation- such testimony, sit and act at such times rendered inoperative. For purposes of this "(A) which may be necessary to enforce and places, administer such oaths, and re paragraph, the term "motor vehicle repair this title and any rules, regulations, or orders quire, by subpena or otherwise, the attend business' means any person who holds him issued thereunder, or ance and testimony of such witnesses and the self out to the public as in the business of "(B) which relates to the facts, circum production of such books, papers, corre repairing motor vehicles or motor vehicle spondence, memorandums, contracts, agree stances, conditions, and causes of any motor ments, or other records as the Secretary, or equipment for compensation." vehicle accident and which is for the pur (B) Subsection (b) of section 108 of such such officer or employee, deems advisa.ble. poses of carrying out his functions under "(2) In order to carry out the provisions of Act is amended by inserting "(A)" after this Act. this title, the Secretary or his duly author "Paragraph ( 1) " in paragraphs ( 1) , ( 2) and The Secretary shall furnish the Attorney Ized agent shall at all reasonable times have ( 5) of such subsection and by inserting General and, when appropriate, the Secre access to, and for the purposes of examina " (A) " after "paragraph ( 1) " in paragraph tary of the Treasury any information ob tion the right to copy, any documentary evi (3) of such subsection. tained indicating noncompliance with thiS dence of any person having materials or in (2) Section 108(a) of such Act (15 U.S.C. title or any rules, regulations, or orders Issued formation relevant to any function of the 1397) (as amended by paragraph (1) of this thereunder, for appropriate action. In mak Secretary under this title. subsection) is amended- ing investigations under subparagraph (B) , "(3) The Secretary is authorized to require, (A) by inserting after the semicolon in the Secretary shall cooperate with appropri by general or special orders, any person to paragraph (1) (B) the following: "fall to ate State and local officials to the greatest file, in such form as the Secretary may pre keep specl.fied records in accordance with extent possible consistent with the purposes scribe, reports or answers in writi.ng to such section; or fall or refuse to permit entry, of this subsection. specific questions relating to any function of impounding or inspection, as required under "(2) For purposes of carrying out pam the Secretary under this title. Such reports section 112(b) ;•• and graph (1), officers or employees duly desig- and answers &hall be made under oath or March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7621 <>therwise, and shall be filed with the Secre tary to obtain or require submission of in term 'representative of the general public' tary within such reasonable period as the formation under any other provision of this means an Individual who (A) is not In the Secretary may prescribe. Act." employ of, or holding any official relation to " ( 4) Any of the district courts of the SEC. 7. AGENCY RESPONSIBILITY. any person who Is (i) a manufacturer, dealer, United States within the jurisdiction of The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle or distributor, or (11) a. suppller of any man which an inquiry is carried on may, in the Safety Act of 1966 (as amended by section 6 ufacturer, dealer, or distributor, (B) does .case of contumacy or refusal to obey a sub of this Act) is amended by adding at the not own stock or bonds of substantial value pena or order of the Secretary or such officer end thereof the following new seotlon: In any person described in subparagraph (A) or employee issued under paragraph ( 1) or "SEc. 126. (a) Any interested person may (i) or (li), and (C) Is not in any other man paragraph (3) of this subsection, issue an file with the Secretary a petition requesting ner directly or Indirectly pecuniarily inter <>rder requiring compliance therewith; and him ( 1) to commence and complete a pro ested in such a person. The Secretary shall any fa.ilure to obey such order of the court ceeding respecting the Issuance, amendment publish the names of the members of the may be punished by such court as a con or revocation of an order puruant to Section Council annually and shall designate which tempt thereof. 103 or 113 of this Aot or (2) (In the case of members represent the general publlc. The " ( 5) Witnesses summoned pursuant to this such proceeding commenced before the peti Chairman of the Council shall be chosen by subsection shall be paid the same fees and tion is filed) to complete such proceeding. the Council from among the members repre mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts "(b) Such petition shall set forth (1) senting the general public. <>f the United States. facts which It Is claimed establish that an. "(3) Section 14(a) of the Federal Advisory "(6) (A) The Secretary is authorized to re order, amendment, or revocation thereof Is Committee Act (relating to termination) quest from a.ny department, agency, or In necessary, and (2) a brief description of the shall not apply to the Council." strumentality of the Government a.ny in substance of the order or amendment thereof SEC. 9. CONFORMING AMENDMENT. .foo-matlon he deems necessary to carry out which it is claimed should be Issued by the Section 102(10) of the National Traffic and his functions under this title; and each such Secretary. Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 Is amended department, agency, or instrumentality is "(c) The Secretary may hold a public to read as follows: authorized and directed to cooperate with hearing or may conduct such investigation "(10) 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Secretary and to furnish such informa or proceeding as he deems appropriate in Transportation.'' tion to the Department of Transportation order to determine whether or not such peti SEc. 10. EFFEcTIVE DATE. upon request made by the Secretary. tion should be granted. The amendments made by this Act shall "(B) The head of any Federal department, "(d) Within one hundred and twenty days take effect on the sixtieth day after the date agency, or instrumentality is authorized to after filing of a petition described in subsec of enactment of this Act. deta11, on a reimbursable basis, MlY peT tion (b), the Secretary shall either grant or sonnel of such department, agency, or instru deny the petition. If the Secretary grants mentality to assist in carrying out the duties such petition, he shall promptly commence of the Secretary under this title." or complete the proceeding as requested In BILL WILSON (b) Seotion 112 (e) of such Act is amended the petition. If the Secretary denies such by striking out "subsection (b) 01r (c)" and petition he shall publtsh in the Federal inserting in lieu thereof "this title". Register his reasons for such dental. HON. DON EDWARDS SEC. 6. COST INFORMATION. " (e) ( 1) If the Secretary denies the petition OF CALIFORNIA The Nationa. I Traffic and Motor Vehicle made under this section (or If he falls to Safety Act of 1966 is amended by adding at grant or deny such petition within one hun IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the end thereof the following new section: dred and twenty days), the petitioner may Tuesday, March 13, 1973 "SEc. 125. (a) Whenever any manufacturer commence a civtl action in a United States opposes an action of the Secretary under district court to compel the Secretary to Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. section 103, or under any other provision of commence or complete the proceeding (or Speaker, because I cannot be present on this Act, on the ground of increased cost, both) as requested in the petition. Any such March 24, 1973, at the testimonial din 1ale manufacturer shall submit such cost action shall be filed by the petitioner within ner honoring Mr. William A. "Bill" Wil information (in such detail as the Secre sixty days after the Secretary's denial of the son, Sr., of Santa Clara, Calif., I would tary may by rule or order prescribe) as may petition or (If the Secretary falls to grant or be necessary in order to properly evaluate the deny the petition within one hundred and like to recognize him here as an out manufacturer's statement. The Secretary twenty days) within sixty days after the ex standing member of the community and shall thereafter promptly prepare a.n evalua piration of the one hundred and twenty-day a dedicated friend of education. tion of such cost information. period. For over 50 years, Bill Wilson has been "(b) Such cost information together with "(2) If the petitioner can demonstrate to contributing to the civic and community the Secretary's evaluation thereof, shall be the satisfaction of the court, by a preponder improvement of the city of Santa Clara. available to the public unless the manufac ance of the evidence In a de novo proceeding Owner of the Jewel Bakery since 1923, turer establishes that it contains a trade before such court, that the motor vehicle or secret. Notice of the availability of such in motor vehicle equipment involved presents he has been active in the Santa Clara formation shall be published in the Federal an unreasonable risk of injury (In the case of Club, a member of the Advisory Board of Register. If the Secretary determines that a. requested proceeding pursuant to section the Bank of America, president of the any portion of such information contains a 103) or contains a. failure to comply with board of directors of the Santa Clara trade secret, such portion may be disclosed a standard under section 103 or defect which Savings & Loan, a member of the board to the publlc only in such manner as to relates to motor vehicle safety (in the case of directors of the San Jose Steel Corp., preserve the confidentiality of such trade of a. requested proceeding pursuant to sec president of the San Jose Rotary Club, a secret or in such combined or summary form tion 113) and that the !allure of the Secre so as not to disclose the identity of any tary to commence or complete the proceeding member of the Santa Clara Planning individual manufacturer, except that a.ny as requested in the petition unreasonably ex Commission, and an active participant in such information may be disclosed to other poses the petitioner or other consumers to many Red Cross projects. officers or employees concerned with carrying a risk of injury presented by the motor vehi However, the activities enumerated out 1alis title or when relevant in any pro cle or motor vehicle equipment, the court above represent only a small role com ceeding under this title. Nothing in this sub shall order the Secretary to commence or pared to the tremendous amount of time section shall authorize the withholding of complete the proceeding (or both) as re and energy Mr. Wilson has willingly and Information by the Secretary or any officer questlon in the petition. tirelessly donated to the schools of Santa or employee under his control, from the duly "(3) In any action under this subsection, authorized committees of the Congress. the district court shall have no authority Clara. A school board member for over "(c) For purposes of this section 'cost to compel the Secretary to take any action 30 years, William A. Wilson Elementary information' means information with respect other than the commencement or completion School was named in his honor in 1955. to alleged cost increases resulting from ac (or both) of a proceeding pursuant to sec From 1960-66, he served as president of tion by the Secretary, in such a form as to tion 103 or section 113. both the Santa Clara Elementary School permit the public and the Secretary to make "(f) The remedies under this section shall District Board and the Santa Clara High an informed judgment on the valtdity of be in addition to, and not in lieu of other School Board. Since that time, he has the manufacturer's statements. Such term remedies provided by law." been a member of the Santa Clara Uni includes both the manufacturer's cost and SEC. 8. NATIONAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY AD fied School District. The decisiveness, the cost to retan purchasers. VISORY COUNCIL. thoroughness, and dedication that Bill "(d) The Sooretary 1s authorized to estab Section 104 of the National Traffic and lish rules and regulations prescribing forms Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966 (15 U.S.C. Wilson brings to all his involvements and procedures for the submission of cost 1393) is amended by inserting " ( 1) " after have marked his concern for the welfare data under this section. "SEc. 104. (a)", and by adding the following of the children of Santa Clara. I can "(e) Nothing in this section shall be con new paragraphs at the end of subsection (a); think of no one else who so deserves this strued to restrict the authority of the Secre- "(2) For the purposes of this section, the testimonial in his honor. 7622 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973
PAUL HOFFMAN OF THE VIRGIN IS AT HOME suit of "rights" nowhere envisioned by the LANDS-OLYMPIC SILVER MEDAL drafters of the Constitution. There is, of course, impressive medical and IST HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN legal evidence that genetically separable hu OF MARYLAND man life begins at conception. As Dr. Arnold Gesell observes, "when the embryo is only HON. RON DE LUGO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES four weeks old, there is evidence of behavior OF THE VmGIN ISLANDS Tuesday, March 13, 1973 patterning; the heart beats. In two more IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES weeks slow back and forth movements of the Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, the most arxns and limbs appear. Before the twelfth Tuesday, March 13, 1973 recent issue of the National Review con week of uterine life the fingers fiex in refiex Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, the Virgin tained an article by M. Stanton Evans grasps." Similar statements of other author regarding the recent Supreme Court de ities have been previously cited here. Islands is recognized as the home of Unless the llfe described by Gesell is to be many fine athletes. It has been a source cision on abortion. I submit Mr. Evans' article for the REcoRD: extinguished in an orgy of permissive abor of pride to us that so many of our people tion, concerned citizens must demand re have excelled in athletic pursuits as well AT HOME dress. A movement is afoot in Congress and as other endeavors. Most notably these Last month's pro-abortion ruling by the in various state capitals to secure adoption achievements are in professional sports, · Supreme Court is a shocking inversion of of a constitutional amendment to protect but occasionally widespread recognition fact and logic which calls for vigorous coun the rights of the unborn. Rep. Lawrence teraction. Hogan (R., Md.) is the author of this pro is accorded amateurs. Reading over the Court's decision, one is posed amendment, which asserts that "nei Last summer Virgin Islanders were struck by its grim Orwelllan reversal of the ther the United States nor any state shall proud when Paul Hoffman, the son ~f simplest ethical values. In the majority state deprive any human being, from the moment Municipal Court Judge and Mrs. ~oUIS ment, the central issues of life and death are of conception, of life Without the due process Hoffman, of Saint Thomas, won a s1lv~r blandly ignored or handled in parentheses, of law; nor deny to any human being, from medal in rowing at the 1972 Olmp1c while secondary considerations of utility are the moment of conception, Within its juris Games in Munich as coxswain of tihe U.S. pushed to the forefront as crucial matters of diction, the equal protection of the law." discussion. If this decision were all there The Hogan amendment also deals With the team. were to go on, you would scarcely know that Speaker, it is my pleasure to now mounting possibility of a drive for eutha Mr. what is being talked about is the cold and nasia, which has followed in the wake of insert in the REcORD a resolution passed deliberate extermination of human life. permissive abortion in other countries. To by the legislature of the Virgin Islands, In the Court's analysis, the issue at stake date the euthanasia or mercy-killing argu December 20, 1972, congratulating Paul in abortion is the danger of the operation to ment has been relatively subdued in the on his victory: the mother, period. When restrictive abortion United States, but it has gained adherents RESOLUTION laws were drafted, says the Court, the oper in recent years and the success of the antillfe ation was considered especially hazardous; Whereas Paul Hoffman, born April 21, 1946, forces in the abortion cases Will no doubt now medical science has made it less so. After embolden the euthanasia drive. In an effort is a person who has been closely associated three months, however, the mortality rate for With the Virgin Islands for many years, hav to head off this movement before it grows the mother is as high as or higher than the much further, the Hogan amendment says ing moved to the Virgin Islands With his mortality rate from childbirth, so from this parents at the age of two, been educated that "neither the United States nor any state point forward the state may regulate abor shall deprive any human being of life on through the eighth grade in Virgin Islands tions-albeit in a manner (professedly en schools, and having returned to the Virgin account of age, illness, or incapacity." hancing the "psychological" well-being of the For those who think the euthanasia dan Islands after college graduation as a teacher mother) which still amounts to elective abor at the Charlotte Amalie High School and at ger far-fetched, it is worth observing that tion. serious proposals have been made to this ef Gramboko School; and On this showing, the life of the child 1n Whereas Paul Hoffman became interested fect in Europe, and that such developments embryo counts for nothing. The child may be are all too natural once indifference to life 1n the sport of rowing while attending kllled on demand up to three months and Brianston Prep School in England, where he has become the vogue. As noted by Notre under certain regulations thereafter, strictly Dame's Charles Rice: "Anyone who thinks became a proficient coxswain, which is the to serve the health and/or convenience of position he subsequently held on the roWing the [Supreme Court's) decision is merely the mother-and the moral obtuseness of the about abortion is mistaken. If the Court can crew of Harvard University for four years, Court. The whole question of whether the culminating with his membership, along with define some human beings as non-persons child has any rights in the matter is settled because they are too young ... , it can also other Harvard crew members, on the 1968 out of hand without the slightest effort, on U.S. Olympic Rowing Team; and do it to o1fuers because they are too old. Or the record, to grapple with the complexities retarded. Or whatever. We Will have eutha Whereas Paul Hoffman continued to take of this issue. an active part in the sport of rowing after nasia, unless we adopt the Human Life The Court majority finesses the issue by Amendment." graduation from Harvard and won the posi saying the drafters of the Fourteenth tion of coxswain on the 1972 U.S. Olympic Amendment didn't believe the child in em Rowing Team, thereby participating in the bryo was a "person" and did not intend to 1972 Olympic Games held in Munich, Ger confer the protection of this amendment on many; and the fetus-and far be it from this Court to MANAGEMENT AND LABOR TAKE Whereas Paul Hoffman and his teammates enlarge upon the purposes of the drafters. NOTE were successful in Winning a Silver Medal in But even if true this argument would be ir Munich, Germany in the "Eight-oared relevant, since it would merely imply that Olympic crew" the most prestigious of the the Federal Government is not empowered to HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN Olympic rowing events; and override laws which victimize the fetus. That OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Whereas the Legislature finds that it is interpretation would say nothing about laws IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES appropriate that Paul Hoffman's signiftcant which protect the fetus, conferring or recog accomplishments in the 1972 Olympic Games, nizing rights on the initiative of the states. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 in which the people of the Virgin Islands take The Fourteenth Amendment merely says considerable pride, be formally recognized; Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, as policy that, in certain categories, the state must re is pondered in this country relative to Now, Therefore, frain from abridging rights. Be it resolved by the Legislature of the Vir The Court's further treatment of our sub strike or not to strike, to compromise or gin Islands: ject makes it plain, moreover, that this dif not to compromise, it might not be inap Section 1. That Mr. Paul Hoffman is hereby fident show of strict construction is nothing propriate to observe that both manage cited and congratulated for his outstanding but a ruse. For, considering the convenience ment and labor in the United States athletic accomplishment in guiding the 1972 of the mother, the Court elaborates an in should take note of one of the reasons the Olympic Rowing Team., as its coxswain, to a vented ''right to privacy" which even the Japanese economy is booming and the second place finish and a Silver Medal in the supple intellect of Justice Douglas does not Eight-oared Olympic Crew event in the 1972 Japanese yen is up 17 percent over the pretend to deduce from the Fourteenth U.S. dollar in a single year. In Japan Olympic Games recently held in Munich, Am.endment or the intention of its framers, Germany. but simply posits as something the Court in workers are both loyal and enthusiastic Section 2. That a copy of this Resolution, its majesty has decided to protect. Where the in their effort. Management is concerned immediately upon its passage, be appropri life of the child in embryo 1s at stake, the and compassionate. All together both ately prepared and presented to Mr. Paul Court 1s a model of strict construction and glory in the combined result which is Hoffman by the President of the Legislature judicial quiescence; but where the mere con sharply increased productivity. or his designee, at a ceremony to be held in venience of the mother is at stake, it is Will The following article by Tom Braden his honor. ing to let its imagination roam afar in pur- in today's Washington Post tells the March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7623 story. U.S. management and labor should RETIREMENT CREDITS FOR JAPA ''(3) (A) The Commission shall prescribe take note before another round of wage NESE AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR such regulations and take such actions as demands and price increases further II may be necessary or appropriate to insure INTERNMENT CAMPS that all Japanese-American World War ll in erode our country's competitive position: ternees will be informed of their rights under JAPAN: A NATION OF COMPANY MEN HON. JEROME R. WALDIE this subsection and to assist them in sub TOKYO.-When William D. Eberle, Presi mitting (in or with their applications for dent NiXon's trade negotiator, turns up here OJ' CALIFORNIA annuities under this subchapter) the infor next month to deina.nd trade concessions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mation required to substantiate the perform from the Japanese, he will find them ac Tuesday, March 13, 1973 ance by them of service referred to in para quiescent. They have already decided to con graph (1). cede. They will import our beef; they will Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I am in "(B) Not withstanding any other provision import our oranges; most important of all troducing today a bill which would give of this subchapter, any Japanese-American and it was a decision taken in anguish Japanese Americans who are Federal World War II internee who is entitled to an they will import our computers. But one employees and who were interned in annuity under this subchapter for the month thing they cannot concede. And that may be in which this subsection is enacted, or who the one thing which will make a fall ure out camps during World War II retirement thereafter becomes so entitled without hav of William D. Eberle. credit for the time spent in confinement. Ing taken Into account servJce referred to in On paper, Mr. Eberle's problem seeins rela The passage of this bill, and H.R. 1 of paragraph (1), may request 1n writing (in tively simple. It is to reduce the flow of dol last session which gave social security such manner and form as the Commission lars into Japan and thus strike a balance credit for the internship years, would shall prescribe) that such service be credited of trade. Decrease the value of goods Japan give at least some redress for the suf to him in computing his annuity under sec sells to the United States; increase the value tion 8339; and the Commission shall there of goods Japan buys from the United States. fering and anguish borne by the Japa upon recompute such internee's annuity so Eberle is not a high-protectionist and neither nese Americans who were interned dur as to give him credit for such service, effec is his boss. The NiXon Administration is ing the war years. tive with the month following the month in aware of the perils of tariff wars and properly The Federal Government, the employ which such request is mada-. cautious about the international recession er of these American citizens, was re " ( 4) Any department or agency of the which tariff: wars can bring. Therefore all sponsible for the unjust tragedy of their United States which performed functions or would seem to be ready for the neat balance internment. Though little can be done to presently possesses records relating to the which will restore the dollar in comparison detention or internment of persons of Japa to the yen. substantially repair the lives thus broken nese ancestry during World War II shall, at But the "thing"-! don't know another and interrupted, this minor atonement the request of the Commission, certify to the short word for it--Ina.y ruin all. The "thing" on the part of the Federal Government Commission with respect to any Japanese is Japan's system of labor relations. It vir for the great wrong done these loyal American World War ll internee such infor tually ensures that Japanese goods will un Americans is a small step in that direc mation as the Commission deems necessary dersell American goods of similar value and tion. to carry out its functions under this sub comes awkwardly close to ensuring that I submit this bill for the immediate section." Japanese goods will be better made than SEc. 2. (a) Section 8333 (a) of title 5, United American goods of similar price. and careful consideration of the Mem States Code, is amended by Inserting "(not Consider the way the "thing" works by bers. including any service described in section imagining yourself for a moment a Japanese I include the full text of the bill in 8332(1))" after "service". worker, about 24 years of age and looking the RECORD: (b) Section 8334(g) of such Code is amend for a job. You won't have any trouble finding H.R. 5555 ed-by striking out "or" at the end of para one; there is no unemployment in Japan. A bill to amend title 5, United States Code, graph (4), by striking out the period at the But you will choose among various com to allow credit for civil service retirement end of paragraph ( 5) and inserting in lieu panies and the one you choose will be the purposes for time spent by Japanese-Amer thereof "; or", and by adding at the end company for which you will work untU the icans in World War ll internment camps thereof the following new paragraph: day, at 55 or 60, you retire. What this means Be it enacted by the Senate and House of "(6) periods of detention or internment for Mr. Eberle is trouble. Representatives of the United States of credited under section 8332(1) of this title." Next to his country and his family, the America in Congress assembled, That sec SEc. 3. Except as otherwise provided in the Japanese feel loyalty to his company. He tion 8332 of title 5, United States Code, is amendments Ina.de by this Act, such amend sings the company song; puts suggestions in amended by adding at the end thereof the ments shall apply with respect to annuities the company box; stays after hours to attend following new subsection: accruing under subchapter ill of chapter 83 the company social; goes on weekends or va "(1) (1) Any employee or Member who 1s a of title 5, United States Code, for months cations to the company spa; saves (at an Japanese-American World War II internee after the month in which this Act is enacted. astonishingly high rate of interest) at the shall be ·allowed credit for the period or company bank; borrows (at an astonishingly periods during which he was detained or in low rate of interest) from the company fund. terned 1n a camp or similar facllity or in CAUGHT IN THE PINCH The company buys the land on which he stallation during World War II as described builds his house and sells it to him cheaply in paragraph (2) (A) of this subsection (and over 15 or 20 years. When he retires, the shall be considered to have performed serv company pays him a substantial pension, and HON. JOHN M. ZWACH ice creditable for purposes of this subchap OF MINNESOTA when he is Ul, he stays free at the company ter whlle so detained or interned). hospital. Meantime, he is assured that unless "(2) As used in this subsection- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES he steals the company money or in some "(A) the term 'Japanese-American World Tuesday, March 13, 1973 other way outrages decency or the law, he War II internee' means a United States citi will never be fired, laid off or demoted. zen (or allen lawfully admitted for perma Mr. ZWACH. Mr. Speaker, ever since The "thing" is simply reina.rkable. An nent residence) of Japanese ancestry who was the :first grain from last fall's harvest American who views it for the first time can evacuated or excluded by the appropriate started going to market, our congres fall into the error of imagining it as a m111tary commander from a military or geo means by which the rich rob the poor-as sional office has been deluged with re graphic area in the United States (or volun quests for help in obtaining railroad cars the company store of the 19th century some tarily departed from such an area prior to times robbed the American workingman. But but in anticipation of an order of exclusion to move the grain to market. it is not like that at all. It is cradle-to-the therefrom), during World War II, and was I had the occasion to read an excellent grave security on the job. And the Japanese detained or interned in a camp or similar editorial by Garland Hubin in the Buffalo worker gives in return his best performance, facllity or installation in accordance with the Lake News, a weekly newspaper in our his total loyalty and his freedom of move policy and program of the United States with Minnesota Sixth Congressional District, ment. "You don't quit a job in Japan," a respect to persons of Japanese ancestry in which explained the problems our pro worker at the Panasonic television factory the interests of the national security dur told me. "People would think you were not ducers are having. ing World War II, whether pursuant to Exec Some of our most popular farm pro a nice person." utive Order Numbered 9066, dated Febru An American is also likely to sco:ff at the ary 19, 1942, section 67 of the Act of April 30, grams have been cut off and plans are "thing" as square, unsophisticated, overly being made to reduce or phase out others sincere." 1900, 'Executive Order Numbered 9489, dated October 18, 1944, sections 4067 through 4070 because of the big crop our producers had But 1t works. And as long as it works, of the Revised Statutes of the United States, last year, but as Editor Hubin points out, William Eberle and his successors are going or otherwise; and raising a big crop and getting it to mark to fl.nd it very dltllcult to make American "(B) the term •world War II' means the ket are two different things. goods compete in the world's Ina.rket with period beginning with September 1, 1940, and Mr. Speaker, to give my colleagues an goods made in Japan. ending at the close of July 24, 1947. insight into some of the problems our 7624 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 producers are facing, I would like to in from OEO. Such programs as Head Start, COUPON MISERS SAVE MORE Home Start and Meals on Wheels wlll not be THAN PENNIES sert editor Hubin's editorial in the CoN affected by the OEO's death. GRESSIONAL RECORD: The EOB, unlike several similar adminis CAUGHT IN THE PINCH trative boards set up to govern OEO pro HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL Last year, farmers in this area. raised a.n grams, has carried out its functions so well OF NEW YORK outstanding crop and after looking at the its programs have been adopted as basic and market these days . . . they should be necessary. Only the monies for planning, ad IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rich • . . but such is not the case! ministration, research and the summer Tuesday, March 13, 1973 Farmers are learning tha. t raising a. big Neighborhood Youth Corps stlll come from crop and getting it on the market are two the OEO. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, in the different things! Elevators across the north And local poverty officials hope that much face of rapidly rising food prices in the west are full and running over and no rail of this $370,000 loss will be made up for with past several years, it is important that road cars are in sight to move the crop to non-strings-attached grants from special every consumer take advantage of each market. revenue-sharing funds. The officials are pres opportunity to reduce his grocery bill. Not being prepared for a.n "everything a.t ently attempting to contract with local gov once" movement of grain, the ra.Uroa.ds are ernment bodies, offerihg expertise in poverty One such opportunity is the vast and choking on the Russian shipment of wheat, affairs for funds. ready availability of grocery savings cou port terminals are filled waiting for shipping Even if special revenue sharing funds are pons for almost every kind of food prod boats and railroads cars are filling the yards, not a.s plentiful as expected, and local gov uct. By wisely redeeming these coupons, waiting to be unloaded. ernmental entities are not inclined toward a consumer can realize substantial sav Occasionally a. few empty grain cars trickle EOB approaches, poverty officials feel they ings when shopping for food. onto local sidings where elevators fill them have the talents necessary to carry on. Farm prices in February 1973 were 22 the same day and send them on their way. Moon and Phillips say the EOB future is percent higher than those of February Further confounding the situation is the that of a. profit-oriented, self-sustaining fact that the big grain semi-trailers shy a.wa.y agency; and that businesses and fund-rais 1972. This rise in the cost of food was from hauling grain because it takes a. half a ing programs are now being planned toward expressed in the $37 jump in the annual day to unload a.t terminals. this end. market basket of food for an American Much of our problem can be blamed on Successful program implementation of the family of three in the past year. the transportation industry ... but it all past must be applauded and innovative ideas An article by Patricia F. Bode in the ends up hurting the farmer and costing him of the future should be welcomed and sus current issue of the National Observer money when it is no fault of his! tained. presents a series of detailed and valuable Someone in high government places just It is the Journal's hope that, rather than a. wasn't thinking when they made that wheat restricted federal arm, the EOB wlll become, suggestions concerning the redemption of deal with the Russians and then took the as Moon and Phillips want it to be-a. locally food coupons. Consumers would be well priority to move the grain a.t the expense funded community poverty agency prosper advised to use these suggestions in their of the American farmer! ing a.s a result of its own ingenuity and battle against inflation. Therefore, I am competence. inserting Ms. Bode's article in the REc ORD at this point: POVERTY OFFICIALS SEE NEW ERA CoUPoN MISERs SAVE MoRE THAN PENNIES: RESTRUCTURING OF LOCAL OEO Two top officers of the Washoe County SYSTEMATIC COLLECTING WHrrrLES DoL PROGRAMS Economic Opportunity Board (EOB) have LARS FROM FOOD BILLS IF You CONCEN broken stand with fellow anti-poverty work TRATE ON STAPLES AND AVOID FRILLS ers and issued a. statement approving of the (By Patricia. F. Bode) dismantling of the Office of Economic Oppor HON. ALBERT H. QUIE "Clip us for a. quarter." "Let us give you a. OF MINNESOTA tunity. William Moon, chairman of the EOB Board hand on the price." "Save 10 cents." "Re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Directors and Cloyd Phillips, the EOB fund." "Get one free!" Such messages on grocery coupons become especially appeal Tuesday, March 13, 1973 executive director, said the cutback may prove to be a. step into the future. ing as food prices soar. Nearly every type of food products can be Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, I recently saw FEWER STRINGS an editorial in the Reno, Nev., State Jour yours for a. few cents less if you systematic nal entitled ''Reno Poverty Agency Plan They said only a. small percentage of fed ally redeem manufacturers' coupons. You'll eral funds now received by the EOB will be find them printed regularly on the food pages ning for Future." This editorial states an eliminated if the OEO makes its forced exit. of newspapers and magazines. They also ap example of how a local OEO-funded Also, proposed special revenue sharing pear on food packaging and sometimes are agency plans to continue operating long moneys, which are expected to make up for included with the package contents. after OEO ceases to exist. OEO losses, would come with fewer strings Typically a. checkout clerk a.t a. supermarket Contrary to the fears of many, this attached. will give you the face amount of a. coupon editorial points out that the poverty pro Moon said the new situation would force in cash if you have purchased the item re gram will not be dead after June 30, 1973, local and state control over programs for quired by the coupon. Sometimes a. coupon social problems. Under the federal program, must be mailed to a. manufacturer, usually and that through good planning, pro he said, there was no room to move where with several box tops or other evidence of grams which have proven to be success the needs really were. product purchase, for cash refunds of a.s ful will continue. A proposed special revenue sharing bill much a.s $2. An avid coupon and box-top Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my would give federal grants to poverty program saver can pick up $3 to $5 a. month from remarks in the REcORD, I include this edi agencies through local governments without mailed refunds. torial and an accompanying article, as restrictions being placed by the local govern COUPON SUGAR follows: ment, he said. Phillips said he would prefer to work with Mrs. Sue Allen, a. Greenbelt, Md., widow, RENO POVERTY AGENCY PLANNING FOR FuTuRE local political bodies such a.s ACOG (the says she has saved $40 since last August As the funeral march sounded nationally Area. Council of Governments) and not the by redeeming coupons while buying groceries for the Office of Economic Opportunity people from the national office. for her family of three. "Just last week, I (OEO), Washoe County's OEO affiliate-the put the money in the bank. Right now it's Economic Opportunity Board (EOB)-was FUNDS SOUGHT in my retirement fund, but I'll have it for speaking of a. future of innovate possibllities. Moon and Phillips said they would try to something special if I want it," she says. To The proposed and probable OEO demise, get the $116,000 they need to refinance their keep track of how much she could save Mrs. now being hastened in Washington, seemed administration, planning and research Allen filled a. sugar bowl with the coins she light years away last Friday as EOB chair branches. obtained for her coupons. man William Moon and Executive Director Phillips said, however, the EOB 1s not ask Mrs. Allen emphasizes she doesn't pur Cloyd Ph1111ps spoke with a confidence born ing for charity but is proposing contracts, chase unnecessary groceries in order to use of successes. and offering expertise in social planning pro all her coupons. She says she never redeems Programs initiated by the OEO in Washoe gram development in return for financial as shampoo or tooth-paste coupons because she County and now administered by the EOB sistance. buys such items on special at a discount have long since been picked up and funded Despite the appeals for funding to local store. She continues to buy many products by other federal government departments. governments this year, both Moon and Phil sold under supermarkets' private labels, Thus OEO's probable death will have a rela Ups said the future of the EOB lies in creat which often are cheaper than brand-name tively minor effect on social programs 1n ing a self-sustaining, profit-oriented agency. products with coupon rebates. Washoe County, the officials said. Moon refuted criticisms the OEO had been "Sometimes I try a. new product because The EOB now has a. $2% million yearly a. failure. He said he felt it had lived a. full I have a.n introductory coupon," Mrs. Allen budget with only $370,000 of that coming and successful life. admits. "But I probably would try it out any- March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7625 way, and with a. coupon I don't feel like I'm capita costs amount to only about $2.13 SELECT COMMITTEE ON INDIAN splurging quite a.s much." for every man, woman, and child in the AFFAffiS IS NEEDED STAPLES ARE INCLUDED United States. Using a similar argument Obviously you won't cut down your food for aid to North Vietnam, the cost would blll if coupon clipping induces you to buy come to $12.19 for every living American. HON. EDWARD I. KOCH expensive frozen pastry, when you normally If dissatisfaction comes because we are would settle for pudding. However, alert col OF NEW YORK aiding the murderers and butchers of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lectors can find coupons for staples like American men and our allies, why has flour, sugar, bread, and meat. Cereal is an Tuesday, March 13, 1973 other good coupon item. And if you regularly there not been similar dissatisfaction for buy snacks, convenience foods, or brand our aid to other enemies of the free world Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, once again name vegetables, there's a coupon for almost who sit in New York City with diplo the problem of Indian affairs has come every variety. matic immunity and honorable titles as to national attention through the occu To save the most money, make coupon Ambassadors of the U.N.? pation of Wounded Knee, S. Dak. The clipping an organized project. Don't keep If the American taxpayers are to be incident, at the very least, symbolizes your collection of cut-outs in disarray or you'll waste valuable time and diminish asked to support the U.N., which is con the Indians' deep frustration with their your savings by overlooking coupons. What's trolled by the Russians and the Red Chi lives as affected by the Federal Govem more, fellow shoppers may become tempted nese why is the opposition limited to aid ment. The House of Representatives, to run you down with their grocery carts if to devastated North Vietnam, which is to through its committees and through its you stand in a crowded supermarket line be made an international showcase of Members, many of whom are privileged fumbling through a handful of tattered cou communism at the expense of the Ameri to have native Americans for constit pons. can taxpayers? uents, is responsible for some abuses that Some tips on efficient coupon clipping: Clip newspaper food pages the day of pub the American Indian has experienced. I lication. If a particular issue has coupons believe that we can best aid native Amer for many items you want, it may be worth icans through analyzing our own insti while to buy additional copies to get more TRIBUTE TO SEWANHAKA IDGH tution. coupons. SCHOOL STUDENTS A significant dispute over the jurisdic If the product isn't pictured on the cou tion of the Bureau of Indian Affairs has pon , clip part of the ad if it shows a picture continued for some time. It has, at vari that may help you quickly locate the item. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF ous times, been recommended that this I n the store watch for special refund dis OF NEW YORK plays and packages with coupons inside. If jurisdiction be shifted to HEW or that a manufacturer is temporarily promoting an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Bureau be established as an Execu item you regularly use, buy more than one Tuesday, March 13, 1973 tive agency. The reason for the dispute package. arises from the nature of the Indian Sort coupons and paper-clip items in cate Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would existence---living on land reserved by the gories such as dairy produots, soap, paper like to bring to the attention of my col Indian tribes from land granted to the goods, and pet foods. Make index tabs to leagues a project that has been under United States through treaties. Thus, clip to each bundle and store them in a taken by several high school students in arises a sometime dilemma between the recipe file or small box. my district who are members of the protection of the resources of the reser Check for time limits on redemption and Future Business Leaders of America put dated coupons in a separate category. vation by the Federal Government as Place in order of expiration date and make chapter at Sewanhaka High School in trustee and the delivery of services to an effort to spend them before undated cou Floral Park, N.Y. A group of 10 students meet the needs of Indians apart from the pons. from the FBLA chapter at Sewanhaka needs of the land. Group coupons for the same product with have for the last few months given up Recently, too, there have been com the largest redemption value on top. Redeem more than 12 hours of their free time plaints involving the competence of the a coupon for 20 cents off before one for 5 each week in order to tutor elementary BIA and its responsiveness to the prob cents off. school children with learning disabilities. If you can't find a product, talk to the lems of native Americans. Willingness to manager or check other supermarkets. Working with third graders in four ele alter the jurisdiction of the BIA has been Promptly return unused coupons to your mentary schools in the area, these high hindered by many factors, and an in file after shopping to avoid losing or dam school students have devoted a signifi vestigation of it should immediately be aging them. cant portion of their afterschool hours held to evaluate its response to the issues. Don't hold undated coupons indefinitely; to helping these children improve their I am also proposing that we evaluate · the product may be discontinued. reading skills. the workings of our own committee re Trade coupons for items you don't use to Mr. Speaker, I feel that these 10 stu sponse to the problem. Jurisdiction over friends who do. dents should be commended and recog Save labels and proof-of-purchase marks Indian affairs is granted to the Interior on packages to send in when manufacturers nized for their unselfish dedication and Committee and its Indian Affairs Sub offer refunds. initiative in undertaking this project. As committee. The Interior Committee one who has worked on several fronts to passes on many measures which have improve and enhance programs geared great importance to Indians and for toward aiding children with learning which the committee has considerable AMERICANS OPPOSE AID TO NORTH problems, I am deeply aware of the need expertise and knowledge. These are basi VIETNAM; WHY SHOULD THEY to which these Sewanhaka students cally areas involving land, resources, and SUPPORT AID TO THE UNITTED have responded, and I am deeply en the environment. NATIONS? couraged that their efforts may set an However, often bills arise that affect example for other students to follow. Too Indians but are the concern of other HON. JOHN R. RARICK often today, people are quick to criticize committees as well. For instance, the the "younger generation" for being OF LOUISIANA Indian Education Act involved both the selfishly unaware of the needs and crm Interior and the Education and Labor IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cerns of others; yet more and more often, Committees; various measures dealing Tuesday, March 13, 1973 I am encountering young people like with Federal and State jurisdiction for Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, I continue these FBLA members at Sewanhaka who Indian offenses or other legal issues are to receive widespread disapproval from not only recognize the problems in our properly under the purview of the Judi my constituency over the administra society but actively pitch in, lending ciary Committee. tion's apparent commitment to give for their time and talents for the good of A case in point is the welfare reform eign aid to North Vietnam as a lever to others. I am pleased to pay this special bill, H.R. 1 of last session, which was un achieve peace in that area. tribute to these 10 high school students der the jurisdiction of the Ways and I am reminded of the selling technique and want them to know that we are Means Committee. That bill, you will re used by those intemationalists who sup proud of their efforts to help many member, provided for the disposition of port lopsided U .S. contributions to the younger students to overcome their some assets of an individual before he or U.N. They point out that the U.N. per learning problems. she would be eligible for welfare grants CXIX-481-Part 6 7626 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 and various factors were to be taken into tained an interview with the California lie confilct with the local agencies and deep consideration in determining eligibility Director of OEO, Mr. Robert B. Hawkins, in controversy because of Uhler's efforts to and in allocating the Federal share to Jr. Mr. Hawkins has worked in the State kill California Rural Legal Assistance. OEO program for 3 years. During the OEO efforts since Lyndon B. Johnson de be paid to the States. clared war on poverty have at least given lo Obviously, this bill was of prime con current attempts to evaluate the effec cal governments an awareness of the prob cern to poor people everywhere and to tiveness of the various antipoverty pro lems of the poor, Hawkins feels. thousands of impoverished Indians. Yet, grams it should be helpful to have an "The awareness of poverty has been well neither the Ways and Means Committee appraisal from another level of govern established," he said. "The wlllingness of nor the Interior Committee called one ment. In that spirit, at this point in the city and county governments to take over witness, or asked HEW or the Depart CONGRESSIONAL RECORD I am inserting these progra1ns indicates that local govern ment of the Interior for one statement the article for the information of my ment is not adverse to the interests of the colleagues. poor." or any native American's views on the PUBLIC FACTOR important provisions of the bill as it HAWKINS ON OEO: MORE F ... ILURES THAN SUCCES:5ES One of the plus factors of the antipoverty would pertain to them. effort, Hawkins believes, was to provide a Of course, this bill would have affected (By Lee Fremstad) stepplngstone for numbers of bright, ag thousands of Indians on reservations (EDITOR's NoTE.--8tate OEO Director Rob- gressive young blacks and other minorities and in our urban areas. It would have ert Hawkins Jr. is the son of Mr. and Mrs. who went to work for the prograins. affected the Bureau of Indian Affairs' Robert Hawkins of Cooper School Road. The "In the early '60s it was an excellent mo own welfare department, HEW's ad 31-year-old Ph.D. attended the rural Cooper bility mechanism for qualified minorities," ministration of the act, the status of In School, then Monte Vista and Vacavllle High he said. "It gave them administrative exper Schools before finishing his high school edu ience and an education on how the system dian assets such as land, grazing, hunt cation at the New Mexico Military Institute. works. Most of them stayed no more than ing and fishing rights, per capita pay He is a graduate of San Francisco State Uni two years before being grabbed up by the ments from the Indian Claims Commis versity. He joined the State OEO in 1970 business sector or moving into government sion, employment programs and many and in late 1971 was named state director. jobs. other vital matters. The following interview concerning the suc "It had value too in bringing into focus for Fortunately, at the last moment, Sen cess of the antipoverty program in California the minority community the fact that one is ator RIBICOFF introduced amendments in is reprinted from the Sacramento Bee.) never free when he is dependent for his total President Nixon's dismantling of the war existence on the government. the Senate Finance Committee, but on poverty prompted an advance obituary of "I think one of the greatest forces in these also were not subject to hearings. the program in California during an inter creating the black nationalist movement has Native Americans everywhere can legit view with the state antipoverty chief, Robert been the poverty program. A lot of bright imately ask whether Congress is acting B. Hawkins Jr. young blacks spent a few years in the pro as befits their trustee. His verdict: More failures than successes. gram and saw that their communities have Mr. Speaker, what I am proposing to Plus a prediction that almost all of the 40- become more dependent, rather than less. day is the establishment of a Select some local outposts of that war, the com They find they have to build their community Committee on Indian Affairs. This com munity action agencies (CAAs), are doomed from within. to a certain death in competition for city In a sense what we've developed in the mittee will act to identify serious issues and county support. OEO program is the plantation system. affecting native Americans and to insure Moreover, adds the 31-year-old Ph.D. To use the colonial metaphor, the program consideration of Indian interests from whose rhetoric ranges effortlessly from aca has failed to build institutions. The British the relevant House committees. demic abstractions to the earthy four-letter in India built a legal system, courts, com This Select Committee would be re level, there wlll be few to mourn the CAAs. munications - institutions that survived sponsible for evaluating legislation such Hawkins' judgment in sum: The war on when they pulled out. as welfare, housing, education, health, poverty promised much but had no way to "You pull the federal money out of any of civil rights, the Federal criminal code, measure what it produced, failed to create these poverty programs and it just isn't going permanent institutions to serve the poor, to be sustained by the community because resource management, and environ failed even to really involve them, and cre the institutions haven't been built." mental measures as effects native Amer ated a "plantation system" that will collapse OAKLAND EXAMPLE icans. This committee will also bring to once federal money stops. Hawkins pulled out a 1971 opinion research the attention of the relevant committee It is Nixon's intention to cut off that study conducted in Oakland in the heart of or committees the particular interests money on July 1, shifting some of the Office that city's community action agency target that the status of Indians under our con of Economic Opportunity (OEO) programs area. It showed few of the poor-3 per cent stitution and treaties demands. And, this like Head Start, Indian services, migrant were even aware of the agency as a force to committee could hold hearings on the services, health and community development speak for poor people. The Black Panthers to other agencies. and NAACP were more frequently named. · responsiveness of the Bureau of Ind.lan "As far as the CAAs are concerned, they Affairs. "Only 11 per cent could identify the direc are going to have to become competitors in tor (Percy Moore), who saw hiinself as being This committee would not take juris their local government economies," said Hawkins. very charismatic," Hawkins said smiling. diction away from the Interior Commit "The majority of poor people did not parw tee nor any other committee. It would "OEO has been saying for four years-and ticipate. the CAAs have been mouthing it but not provide an institutional commitment on "If you went to Watts and asked the man our part to insure that all future legis believing it-that the CAAs should develop on the street, chances are he had never heard lation would adequately consider the in good working relationships with city hall. of the program, and yet they were spending terests of native Americans. WHICH WILL SURVIVE? $60 m111ion a year there." I urge our colleagues to support the "Their survival rate is going to be in REGIONAL OFFICES relation to which of them have good rela resolution I am introducing today toes tionships with their local governments. The Hawkins also blames OEO regional internal tablish a Select Committee on Indian Af Fresno and San Mateo County programs are conflicts for some of the shortcomings of the fairs and, I would hope that a similar likely to survive because they have very aborted war. committee would be established in the good working relationships with their city "The thing that has killed the CAAs has Senate. fathers. San Francisco probably will and Oak been the regional (federal) omces," said land might." Hawkins. "The problem was in all these civil Everyone today recalls that in our his servants who came to the war on poverty as tory we have treated the Indian popula "Head Start 1s going to Health, Education and Welfare. Going through the CAAs was young zealots in 1964 and '65, many of them tion in a shoddy way. It is time that we really a formality anyway. The Indians get from the Peace Corps, who have basically redress these grievances. their money as before, through the Intertri been a government-bloc in our society. bal council-it merely means they are going "The problem is, all their theory is wrong. to receive federal funds from another agency. The problem is, there are no people in the INTERVIEW WITH THE CALIFORNIA "What the President is doing is an ex country who have less latent capability to DIRECTOR OF OEO cellent move because it wlll produce an en become a group. vironment in which community action agen POOR'S ASPmATIONS HON. DEL CLAWSON cies must compete in order to survive." "Every study has shown that low-income APPOINTED BY REAGAN people have the same diverse aspirations as OF CALIFORNIA Hawkins, an appointee of Gov. Ronald Rea any other people. Our Okaland study showed, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gan, took over directorship of the embattled for instance, that those in the target areas Tuesday, March 13, 1973 State OEO in 1971 after the departure of were much stronger on law and order than Lewis K. Uhler. Under Uhler the state office the middle class. Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, the federally funded but under Reagan admin "The only thing that you can really note is Sacramento Bee of February 4, 1973, con- Istration control-had been in frequent pub- the fact that he- the low-income man- March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7627 doesn't have enough money to realize the national heritage as a participatory democ This form would be mailed to any office things that are important to him. racy. Recent elections in Europe have turned of the Board of Elections for processing by "One of the most insidious parts of the out 72 % of the qualified electorat e in Brit teams of employees who meet the bi-partisan antipoverty program is to make us think of ain (considered low there) ; 75 % in Ire requirement of our State Constitution. En poor people as a class. The poor have attitudes land; 76% in Canada; 80% in France; 87% rollment, that is, designation by the regis and aspirations as varied as any other group. in Sweden and Denmark. We in the United trant of a party, could be handled on the "The zealous 'exiles' worked on the conflict States and particularly we in the Empire same form. model-that you have to confront and bowl State, suffer greatly by comparison. Such a system would be no more suscep the establishment over. They see power as Since most persons who register vote, the tible to fraud than the system we now em something to be taken away from someone problem of low voter turnout is in effect the ploy. Use could be made of elect ronic proc· else rather than to be generated by creating problem of low voter registration. esses in order to check against some cur institutions. The difficulties involved in registering to rently available object ive information bank, "The 'exiles' never made any real demands vote would appear to explain the discrepan such as the rolls of the Social Security Sys on ( CAA) programs. Those agencies who cies between voter turnout in the United tem. Available also is the current mail check. merely followed the party line of the regional States and Europe. As was stated by Charlotte Incidentally, in the past there has been office were refunded year after year. Rae Kemble, Executive Director of Front proposed Federal legislation roughly along "The people who have suffered in this have lash, Inc., in the "McGee Hearings", "In most these lines as well as the proposal that would been the poor. They've just been ripped off." free European countries, registration is not a make registration automatic through use of burden placed on the individual citizen, but the Social Security registration process. Con a public responsibility. Government agencies gressman Charles Rangel will make public TOWARD INCREASED VOTER periodically conduct the enrollment of all some proposals in this area in the very near REGISTRATION qualified electors, and voter turnouts of 75 future. Some such form of registration (if to 90 percent are the norm. In Canada the indeed there need be registration) is criti government appoints a bi-partisan team of cally essential if we are in fact to be a HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL enumerators in each election district who democracy. canvass every household and publicly post I am pleased to report that the Joint Legis OF NEW YORK the lists of qualified voters. A recent spot lative Committee on Election Law, chaired IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES check showed that the registration level is by Assemblyman Peter Biondo, seems in 98% of the voting age population. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 clined to recommend a b111 that would per While many believe that so-called voter mit a registered voter who moved his resi Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, David N. apathy is mainly responsible for lack of dence, to effect a transfer of his registration Dinkins, president of the New York City greater voter participation, I do not agree. by mail. Board of Elections, is one of the many May I quote from remarks made by U.S. At all events, every effort must be made Senator Gale W. McGee of Wyoming, Chair by government to make the voting process State election officials who support voter man of the Senate Committee on Post Of registration reforms. Mr. Dinkins re simple, easy and convenient. It is my belief fice and Civil Service, as he opened hearings that the proposals I shall now enumerate cently attended the press conference in on a series of bills focusing on voter regis will tend to accomplish this while admittedly New York City where I announced the tration-he said in part: leaving much to be desired. introduction of my Voter Registration "It also seems somewhat hypocritical to me Rights Act of 1973 (H.R. 4846) in the for these who hold the privilege of political House of Representatives. office or influence to call, on the one hand, for feasible participation by all citizens in Herewith is the prepared statement of the affairs of state while, on the other hand, TODAY HE WAS MAYOR . Mr. Dinkins endorsing the proposal of retaining barriers which restrict and in some voter registration through the use of the cases prevent voting. postal service: "A Gallup poll taken in December, 1969, HON. OGDEN R. REID I am very pleased to associate myself with concluded that it was not a lack of interest OF NEW YORK the effort of Congressman Charles Rangel in but rather the residency and other registra IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the area of voter registration, and I whole tion qualifications that proved to be the heartedly endorse his National Voter Reg greatest barrier to wider voter participation Tuesday, March 13, 1973 istration Rights Act of 1973 and will work in our nation." Mr. REID. Mr. Speaker, in this day with him to assure its passage into law. Senator McGee went on to point out that and age we read so much about the alien The following is a statement made by me in 1896 when the States first began to adopt ation of youth and the problems of the on February 2, 1973 concerning voter reg strict registration systems, about 80 percent istration at a hearing converged by Attorney of qualified Americans voted. generation gap, we tend to forget that General Louis J. Lefkowitz. He stated that: the great majority of our young people It is my contention that participation in "By 1924, when the last of the States had are decent, upstanding Americans work the electoral process is an absolute right- finally adopted stringent registration re ing towards a meaningful participation not a privilege bestowed by government. quirements, the voter turnout had dropped in our society. It is with great pleasure Basic to the guarantee of that right is the to but 48 % .... These historic facts would that I read the following story of one adoption and implementation of the philos certainly lead one to believe that Gallup is such youth, Paul Voight. Also, I noted ophy that the ability to cast a ballot is an correct and that difficult registration opera with special warmth that it was written easy and convenient fashion is a public gov tions have had a negative impact on our pur ernmental obligation. The individual citizen suit of an improved democracy." by a very talented and accomplished re should not have that burden-it is a public In New York City, fire-house and mobile porter, Peggy Voight, who just happens obligation, not a private obligation. registration efforts, and the use of volunteer to be Paul's mother. I know that my col Our law requires that in order to vote one inspectors or registrars in the communities leagues will join me in thanking both of must first register to vote. To this end, it of our city, conceived and implemented by the Voights and I include the reprint must be recognized that registration should the late great Maurice J. O'Rourke, and the from the White Plains Reporter Dis not be used as a means of restricting the volunteer or community registration con patch in the RECORD: ni\Ullber of persons that vote. That was once tinued even now by the Board of Elections the apparent purpose of registration and al headed until last July by Commissioner Wil TODAY, HE WAS MAYOR . .. though it is no longer so intended, such re Ham F. Larkin, and now by me, have pro (By Peggy Voight) striction is often the effect of our system of duced great increases in the number of reg SCARSDALE.-The Mayor strode into Village registration. istered voters. Last year, we registered 453,000 Hall Monday morning-his blonde, shoulder In the 1968 Presidential Election, only in this fashion. But this is not a satisfactory length hair flowing--eager to take charge. 59.1% of the New York State voting popula system. We can do much better. It is possible The mayor? tion actually went to the polls. This number to reach most of the potentially eligible vot Shoulder-length blonde hair? was even less than the national figure of ers by a system of mall registration. No. It wasn't Richard W. Darrow, the real 60.1%. In the 1972 election, with about 139 I propose a system of mail registration on mayor. m11lion Americans potentially eligible to vote, a very simple card form that will be easily In this country that brags that any boy less than 76,200,000 actually voted, or 76% available, at each office of the Board of Elec can grow up to be president, on Monday, of the approximately one hundred million tions, at public buildings such as the offices Feb. 5-Boy Scout Government Day-the who are registered nationally. Note that this of Social Service Department, and Post Of mayor of Scarsdale (for-a-day) was none 76% of those who are registered represents fice; at private commercial places such as other than Paul Voight, my 17-year-old Eagle only 54.5% of the total potentially eligible banks, Ultilities and telephone company Scout. voting population. New York's statistics for offices. This form could as well be included in It was an honor he achieved by virtue of the 1972 presidential election are as low as public or governmental mailings, and private the fact that as a member of Hartsdale Troop the National average. ma111ngs, including mailings of income tax 67, he was elected chairman of the Senior Non-registration is an acknowledged na returns, welfare checks, telephone and utllity Scout Council for 19 Boy Scout Troops in tional scandal in a country possessing a great b1lls. the Cohawney District of the Washington 7628 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 Irving Council, Boy Scouts of America. Other the "energy crisis" demands a re-orientation Finally, the "energy crisis" they proclaim, scouts took over other village officials' roles of U.S. policy in the Middle East. although real, is only temporary. It results for the day-and in most cases their real ( 1) The Indo-China Parallel from mistaken economic and political poli life counterparts were there to show them A glance at the conditions in Indo-China cies of the past and is not due to any inher the ropes. and the Middle East, two dissimilar regions, ent shortage in energy sources. It can best It's not quite president of the United shows the error of this assumption, and be met by development of domestic supplies States, but mayor of Scarsdale,-lt's the stuff points up the fact that many of the alms which are more than adequate for our needs that inspires a boy's parents to a modest sought by the peace moves in Indo-China now and into the indefinite future. swelling of pride. The kid can't be all bad. had long been achieved in the Middle East. The comprehensive study, "The Energy The experience was not Without its edu The Indo-China situation is not a peace, but Crisis and the U.S. Middle East Policy," pre cational benefits for Paul. a cease-fire-not yet fully effective. In the pared for the New England Leadership Con He learned, for example that mayors, even Middle East an effective cease-fire has been ference and available separately, details the real ones, can't close the schools. Nor, if in existence since August, 1970. factual, statistical and analytical background they are hockey nuts can they commandeer In South East Asia the cease-fire was de of the issue. Its major points should be a field and produce an instant skating rink signed to extricate U.S. forces directly in noted: (though Scarsdale now has one in the volved in the fighting and to obtain the re 1. The U.S. is blessed with enormous energy works}. lease of American P.O.W.'s. In the Middle reserves. For example, recent findings of the He didn't gavel any important laws into East, no involvement of U.S. fighting men National Petroleum Council show that even existence, or take any action that would has existed or is in prospect. Moreover, what with the increasing demands projected, ener perpetuate. "The American Way of Life." ever dangers of direct U.S.-Soviet confronta gy sources within the U.S. are sufficient for What he did find out, he says, is that tion may have existed have diminished con more than 200 years of complete energy sup vlllage government is largely concerned with siderably with the pullout of Soviet fighting ply: oil reserves sufficient to meet demand garbage collection and disposal. men from the Suez Canal zone. for more than 65 years; gas reserves sufficient It was ever thus-as I can remember from Moreover, because of the direct involve for more than 50 years; accessible coal re the five years Scarsdale happened to be my ment of American fighting men in South East serves equivalent to more than 300 years "beat" on the newspaper. Asia and deep concern over those held as supply; uranium reserves for 25 years of elec Which makes me, if not an expert, at least P.O.W.'s, the U.S. felt that it had to make tric power; and shale oil reserves sufficient a d111gent watcher of the last four or five agreements Without the full participation to meet requirements for at least 35 years. (In addition, potential supplies from Canada mayors of Scarsdale. and approbation of its ally on the spot. In Without exception, they have been a cour the Middle East, however, America's friends and Latin America vastly increase the total teous, conscientious, savvy lot as they go are defending themselves solely with their potential energy sources available to the about the gentlemanly task of preserving own forces, and any attempt to negotiate ar U.S.) Scarsdale as an oasis in the metropolitan rangements behind their backs, or to impose 2. Research and technology are rapidly ad a settlement, would be impractical, counter vancing toward safe nuclear power develop sprawl. ment through fusion as well as fission; liqui I'd say Paul was in good company. productive and politically absurd. This does not mean that the situation now fica.tion of coal, sulphur-free, into oil; gassi One d ifference. fication of coal for natural gas; de-sulphuri I've n ever had to worry before about prevailing in either of the two areas is neces sarily stable over a long period of time, or zation of coal into a pollutant-free solid fuel; whether the mayor would turn up looking and economic shale-oil production. appropriate to the stature of the job. that nothing further is required. It does mean, however, that the now-fashionable 3. In spite of adequate energy resources, I needn't have worried. His spotless scout a temporary shortage exists-largely because uniform, With its sash of medals, his shined concept of the Middle East being next in line for the kind of international treatment additional domestic sources of supply have shoes. It was one of those moments mothers been allowed to remain undeveloped in order can't quite believe. extended to South East Asia is based on profound misconception of the realities in to keep oil prices artificially high, and as a He was beautiful-shoulder-length blonde result of private investment emphasis on hair and all. the two areas. (2) Middle East Policy and the "Energy ~eveloping cheaper, more advantageous for Crisis" eign sources of oil and gas. Spokesmen for some of the major oil com 4. Domestic production can be significantly panies and the oil industry lobby have increased by allowing domestic producers to THE UNITED STATES AND THE launched a campaign which consciously ex operate near 100% of capacity, rather than MIDD~ EAST: 1973 aggerates and distorts the true nature and the 70-80 % normally fixed by the Texas Rail dimension of our energy problems. Past mas way Commission. In addition, appropriate ters at confusing private corporate interests incentives and controls can induce more ef HON. THOMAS P. O'NEILL, JR. with the public interest, they are exploiting ficient design of appliances, engines, heating OF MASSACHUSETTS fears of an "energy crisis" to promote gov systems, structures and other energy con ernment policies and public outlays that suming elements, while an inevitable in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will provide an enormous economic wind crease in fuel prices will induce more conser Tuesday, March 13, 1973 fall for the major oil-importing companies vation and less waste of energy. at the expense of the American consumer The extent of the "energy crisis" depends Mr. O'NEilL. Mr. Speaker, I am sub and taxpayer, and America's vital interests. on the commitment and speed with which mitting for the REcORD a report compiled Incidental to their major campaign, whose domestic sources are developed, the use. we by the New England Leadership Confer purpose is to convince the American public make of available supplies, and the volume of ence concerning the United States and and policy-makers that only with vastly imports we are wllling to accept. its relationship to the Middle East. As i!lcreased imports of Middle East oil can we 5. Vastly improved oil imports from the this report deals with two current issues meet the "energy crisis", they have renewed Middle East, as proposed by some oil spokes of intense interest, the energy crisis and their old and discredited scare-talk. They men, are neither possible nor desirable: the apparent settlement of the war in urge moves to appease belligerent Arab in a. Paying for that oil would result in a terests at the expense of Israel, on the prem balance of payments deficit that would grow Indochina, and their effect upon the ise that otherwise unnamed Middle East from the present $2.7 billion annually to Middle East situation, I recommend that countries might withhold their oil and $20-30 billion, depending upon price in all Members review this material. In ad threaten our economic and defense poten creases. dition, I am including a resolution tial. Although these old arguments are al b. To transport that oil would require a adopted by the New England Leadership ways presented in the guise of a cold cal tanker fieet of no less than 350 ships, each of Conference pertaining to trade agree culation of our national interest, they lack a quarter million ton dead weight--equal to ments with the Soviet Union. both logic and accuracy. Indeed, the ever over 50 % of the present world tanker fleet ready obeisance of international oil com with deep water ports developed to accom The material follows: panies to the cause of militant Arab propa modate vessels of 60-80 feet draft. Conserva THE UNITED STATES AND THE MIDDLE EAST: ganda is transparent. tive estimates based on current costs would 1973 First, however the "energy crisis" is de- be $50 million for each tanker and $150 mil The past two years have seen America's fined, it has developed for reasons that have lion for dredging each potential port-a vital interests in the Middle East, the Medi no connection whatever with U.S. Middle multi-billion total. terranean and in Europe, defended and ad East policy. If Israel did not exist, the prob Also, the dangers of environmental dam vanced by a Middle East policy that is realis lem an d the prospects relating to energy age through the rupture of even a. single one tic, positive-and highly successful. sources for America would be precisely what of these super-tankers would be considerably Nevertheless, it is once again becoming they are today. Second, while certain power increased. fashionable to call for the intrusion of Great ful oil interests may find it politic, for their To face what, at worst, may be a 5-10 year Power initiatives into the Middle East situa own benefit, to urge appeasement of Arab shortage period, the oil companies are urging tion. This renewed drive is based largely on belligerents, the policies they advocate for a decision to invest billions of dollars and two false assumptions: (1) that what has America have serious negative consequences risk major environmental damage. been achieved in Indo-China can or should from political, economic, defense and en c. The energy policy they propose, calling be imitated in the Middle East; and (2) that vironmental standpoints. for a vastly increased investment in and de- March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7629 pendence on Middle East oil ( 60 % of our first period in more than two decades in State of Israel. This attitude is exemplified total supply by 1985), could invite precisely which Arab leaders have had to confront the in the public statements of one of the most the kind of political and economic blackmail prospect of truly negotiating their differences influential spokesmen in the Arab world, Mr. that the oil-importing companies now urge with Israel and of recognizing Israel's right Heykal, editor of Cairo's Al Anram: us to avoid by pre-emptive appeasement, i.e., to exist as a sovereign nation . "Egypt risks nothing by attempting first a turn away from dependable friends like There also is now underway in the West of all to solve the first phase by political Israel and Iran, toward an expedient policy Bank and the Gaza Strip a most important means."-Aug. 2, 1970 that might assuage the militant ex.tremlsts of and promising process, albeit gradual, of "There are only two specific Arab goals at the Arab world. Such a turn, however, would symbiosis between Israelis and Palestinian this stage. 1. Elimination of consequences have a directly de-stabilizing political effect Arabs in such vital fle:tds as commerce, pub of the '67 aggression through Israel's with on the region, and greatly increase the poten lic service, communication and tourism. The drawal from all lamds it occupied that year. tial for chaos in the international oil in astonishing fact of life in these territories 2. Elimination of the 1948 aggression through dustry. today is the reality of peace which no docu the eradication of Isreel ..."-Feb. 26, 1971 6. The major oil-importing companies are ment drafted by the most utopian of peace ". . . there 1s no conflict between us and urging increased oil imports as the primary makers would have dared to envisage. Trade Israel over borders, but over existence . .." solution to our energy shortage because that and commerce between Israel and Arab coun March 10, 1972 is their route to maximum profits. Pricing, tries go freely both ways across the Jordan Many outsiders to the conflict find it con leasing and labor cost differentials between River. Last summer alone, 150,000 Arabs, venient to ascribe the implicit destructive foreign and domestic oil production have mostly citizens of these countries, visited ness and horror of such statements to "Arab been so great as to strongly favor foreign their relatives in the West Bank, frequented rhetoric". But repeated attempts since 1948 investment over domestic, but the situation the beaches of Netanya, and the zoo in Tel to implement those sentiments were is now changing rapidly. Middle East oil Aviv, and obtained treatment in the medical thwarted only by Israel's determination and taxes have risen sharply and oil-producing clinics and hospitals of Israel. Under a whole ab111ty to resist. It is time that full credence countries are demanding ownership shares. generation of armistice agreements between be placed in such statements because they By 1976 all contracts With Arab nations will Israel and her neighbors between 1947 and represent, not domestic propaganda, but a have expired, and it is expected that 51 % 1967, the two peoples were hermetically clear and sober statement of the intentions control--of all foreign companies will be in sealed off from one another. Since 1967, with of Arab leaders who obdurately refuse to rec Arab hands by 1983. The companies are press out a formal peace or armistice agreement, ognize Israel's right to exist. ing therefore to get as much oil and as much and under a mere cease-fire, there is inter Finally, it should be clear that the under profit out of the Middle East as they can in mingling, and even fraternization, unknown lying conflict in the region is not over terri the years immediately ahead. heretofore between Jew and Arab. tory or refugees. The Arab aggressions in 1956 Although the new pattern of ownership These are the factors which create, slowly and 1967 took place when Israel did not hold control of oil sources represents a potential but surely, the essential preconditions for the Golan Heights, the West Bank or Ga.za, boon rather than a burden for the oil-con the eventual conclusion of a more formal and the Old City of Jerusalem was still in suming world, through the inevitable devel peace to be freely and directly negotiated Jordanian control. Heykal's statement, opment of more effective international com between the parties themselves. The inter quoted above, succinctly makes the point. Nor petition for markets as well as supplies, the ruption of this ongoing process through the were there any "refugees" in 1947 and 1948, individual oil companies of course are con interposition of third parties, however well when the Arab states began their invasion cerned with their own short-term interests. meaning, will do nothing except reawaken old and first war of annihilation against Israel. But in terms of energy sources and needs, illusions among Arab leaders that the reality Certainly, too, any thoughtful observer knows and the practical advantages of alternative of Israel need not be faced directly, thus that any complete amelioration of the ref policy possibilities, it should be abundantly making it more difilcult for the ordinary Arab ugee problems--JeWish as well as Arab--can clear that the U.S. remains free to base its man or woman to continue his own specific come only as part of a total peace arrange Middle East policy on broad national inter accommodation With this reality. Thus an ment between the parties and not before. est, on principle rather than fear. illusory peace proposal among statesmen may The real issue is and always has been the THE ROAD TO STABILITY AND PEACE sabotage a very real process of peace among refusal by the Arab oligarchies to recognize the people. the Jewish people's right to national self-de There is no reason to suspect that U.S. The fact is that the Arab governments, so termination in their historic homeland. policy makers do not fully understand these called "revolutionary" as well as conserva The greatest threat to the process of real basic realities. tive, who must ultimately be party to any peace-making in the Middle East resides in U.S. Middle East policy, in the past two formal Middle East peace, are authoritarian the renewed intervention of outside forces, years, recognized that outside powers can be military dictatorships, feudal or semi-feudal pursuing their own interests, which would helpful in stimulating the process of peace monarchies, dominated by their military es surely interrupt the ongoing development o! making by discouraging the notion that there tablishments in ruling oligarchies that have those practical accommodations between is any feasible alternative to a peace agree proven to be unable or unwilling to improve Arabs and Jews that are among the essential ment, freely negotiated among the parties the lot of their people. preconditions for lasting peace. themselves. It recognized that outside powers Moreover, none of these Arab countries has cannot and should not attempt to prejudge solved the problem of orderly and peaceful RESOLUTION ON THE MIDDLE EAST or spell out in any way what the territorial, succession to power. Assassination, coup and The cause of true and lasting peace in the juridiclal or demographic outcome of an counter-coup constitute the routine method agreement between the parties should be; Middle East has been advanced in the last of transferring power from one ruling group two years by a U.S. policy that is realistic, that negotiations between the parties must to another. Nor does the historical record remain free and untrammeled, and that positive-and highly successful. There is no provide any basis to expect that a new ruling valid reason to depart from this policy which there must be no implication or appearance group will accept or honor the commitments of pressure for imposition. so well serves America's vital interests. of their deposed predecessors. This instability We therefore: U.S. policy has been positive. It has casts great doubt on the durability of any afforded America's friends and allies in the 1. vigorously endorse and support the pro-forma agreement, until and unless the Middle East policy pursued by the U.S. and area, specifically Israel, the type of sophisti necessary preconditions exist in the form of cated military assistance essential to defend supported by the Congress during the past broader public support, based on the very two years. We urge that U.S. diplomacy con themselves effectively in accordance With the kind of intermingling now underway be Nixon doctrine. America has maintained a tinue to conform to that policy, and reject tween Israel and the Arabs in the territories all pressures for the renewed int rusion of strong, determined and credible posture, under Israel control. orchestrated in a manner that has deterred outside initiatives, however well-meaning, Focusing world attention once more upon into the Middle East situation. the U.S.S.R. from m111tary adventures in the the Middle East as a "number one crisis area. 2. strongly urge the Big Powers and the area", at this moment of hope and relative U.S. Secretariat to desist from activities and This policy has made possible a process quiet, would constitute an open invitation which is essential to the ultimate attainment statements that will revive false hopes that to local militants to heat up the situation outside intervention will eliminate the need of peace and to American national interests. as a way of bringing about the outside inter It should not be interrupted. for direct, free and untrammelled negotia vention upon which some Arab leaders still tions between the Arabs and Israel, which One by-product of this process has been place their hopes. Renewed war-talk in Egypt the weakening of the Soviet position in the alone can bring the Middle East to the and Syria, and the current flurry of diplo threshold of genuine peace. Mediterranean through the exacerbation of matic activity by Egypt's emissaries in the confiicts of interest between the U.S.S.R. and 3. call upon all people of good Will to en its clients. No less important has been the major capitals of the world, represent one courage and support the ongoing process of gradual realization impressed on Arab more desperate effort to induce outside inter accommodation between Arabs and Jews in thought that no dictates of outside powers vention rather than face the facts of inter- the West Bank and Gaza, in such :fields as can rescue Arab regimes from their self national life. commerce, public service, communication induced catastrophies, without their having As long as Arab leaders are encouraged to and tourism, which is helping to create, to meet the requirements of real peace. In expect outside intervention. they will con slowly but surely, the essential preconditions deed, the past two years have marked the tinue to nourish the hope of eradicating the for peace and reconciliation. 7630 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973
RESOLUTION ON TRADE AGREEMENTS WITH THE to ask yourself the crucial question, to an Q. Would you describe for us the biological SoviET UNION swer the question, namely, is the fertilized characteristics of a zygote and their func Whereas, the right to emigrate is a funda egg a part of another organism, or whether tion? mental human right, affirmed by the Univer it is a distinct or separate organism; whether A. By the union of a living sperm with a sal Declaration of Human R1ghts which was it is a part or a whole? At that point, all living egg, the zygote is formed. This zygote adopted unanimously by the United Nations your biological principles indicate that the is just barely visible to the naked eye under General Assembly, and zygote is not part of the male, as the sperm favorable conditions of illumination. It ap Whereas, t he Soviet Union and nations is and-that the zygote is not part of the parently has very little structure through bound to the Soviet Union continue to de mother, as the unfertilized egg is. But that the ordinary microscope and even the elec prive their citizens of this right in direct it is its own separate organism, controlled by tron microscope. However, biologists are sure, defiance of the Universal Declaration; and its own genetic pattern and not by the on the basis of a vast body of evidence, that Whereas, the American commitment to mother's. It is now an individual organism, in faot there is in this apparently structure human rights is in the highest American a human being that is in residence in the less thing quite elaborate structure at the traditions and, womb of the mother from whom he gets his sub-microscopic level; that it contains in it Whereas, the Congress of the United States nourishment and warmth while he proceeds material which tells the zygote how to devel can give concrete expression to this commit with his independent existence as an orga op into a mature human being, given the ment. nism. right circumstances. Be it resolved, that the New England Lead Q Doctor, are you familiar with a physician • • • • • ership Conference strongly endorses the known as Dr. Robert Hall? Q. And can you describe for us briefly, Jackson-Mills-Vanik legislation to deny AI am. with particular attention to the time that most-favored-nation treatment and U.S. Q And are you aware, sir, that he testified certain biological development steps occur credits to the Soviet Union and other non in connection with this particular hearing? in this embryo? market economy countries which deny their A ram. A. Yes. In the development, I should say citizens the right or opportunity to emi Q All right. Doctor, have you heard Dr. that there is more than merely cell division grate; and Hall use the phrase, "potential human and cell differentiation. There is also a great Be it further resolved that copies of this being"? deal of cell death. Many of the individual resolution be transmitted to Senator Henry A I have heard him use this phrase. cells, having served a temporary purpose, die M. Jackson, to Congressmen Wilbur Mills and Q And would you tell us whether or not, and are liquidated. There is not only forma Charles Vanik, to each member of the New based upon your experience in this particu tion of new material: there is destruction of England delegation in the U.S. Congress. lar field, as well as based upon your educa old material, in the complex process of devel tion and your training, whether or not the opment. Various organs are formed one after phrase "potential human being" is an ac another, and simultaneously.... By the cepted medical term by medical standards for 12th week, some spontaneous movement describing a fetus? MEDICAL EVIDENCE ON ABORTION takes place. These are not detectable by the A It is not an accepted medical term. I mother; they are too tiny, too small. would say when you talk about "potential But by the 16th week, they usually are de human being," that is a metaphysical term tectable, and it is this age which is called the HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN which contradicts what "human being" OF MARYLAND time of quickening. This is the time it used means. You are either a human being or not to be thought that life began. This is quite IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a human being, and there is no such thing a mistake. The embryo is always alive, but Tuesday, March 13, 1973 as a potential human being, unless you are it used to be thought that the time of talking about sperm or eggs, which are not awakening was the time that life began. Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, today I human beings, which have a future possibil ity of becoming human beings, but there is • • • • would like to insert excerpts of medical Q. In your opinion, what is the earliest evidence from the Massachusetts crimi no adding or subtracting from what the con cept of a human being is. Whether you have possible age in the development of an em nal abortion trial Commonwealth against arms or no arms, or hearing or no hearing, bryo that it could sustain life, should it be Brunelle. It is tragic that the U.S. Su or sight or blindness, you still remain a hu born at that point? preme Court assumed the task of decid man being, whether you are conscious or in A. This is clearly related to the state of ing such a grave constitutional issue in coma. technology. It used to be we thought seven the Texas and Georgia abortion cases months-28 weeks-was the earliest stage. with an incomplete record. The trial Witb the development of medical science, DmECT EXAMINATION OF GARRETT HARDIN, this has now been pushed back to 20 weeks court hearings in the Texas and Georgia PH.D., BY MR. OTERI when it could be sustained. It is risky; it cases consisted only of oral arguments; Q. (by Mr. Oteri) Doctor, would you define often does not work, and if you do succeed in no medical experts testified and no depo for us the soience of biology? sustaJining life, it may be the life of a men sitions were taken by the trial courts. A. (Dr. Hardin) Biology is the science that tally defective child or a blind child, if you I commend this testimony to the at deals with the structure, functioning and ac dont adjust your apparatus exactly right, tention of our colleagues: tivity of living objects, both plant and ani but it can be sustained from the 20th week DmECT EXAMINATION OF HEBERT mal. on, with the present technology. RATNER, M.D., BY MR. IRWIN Q. Do you have an opinion based upon your education, training and experience, as to CROSS EXAMINATION OF GARRETT HARDIN, PH.D. Q (by Mr. Irwin) Now, sir, as part of your when life begins in animals? BY MR. IRWIN study of abortion as it pertains to public A. Life is passed on from one cell to another health, have you made a determination or do Q (by Mr. Irwin) Now, with reference to and from one organism to another, and, in the point of conception, of fertllization, is you have an opinion as to when in the process fact it never, in our experience, begins. of the growth of a fetus it becomes a human it not at that moment that every human Spermatozoa is alive; the egg is alive; the being who eventually survives this human being? zygote that results from it is alive. A (Dr. Ratner) A physician who is an process has once and for all the hereditary And if you go back before the spermato factors assigned to his life? anthropologic physician, as opposed to a zoa, you find that the mother cell that gave veterinarian, has as patients human beings. A (Dr. Hardin) Approximately correct. rise to spermatozoa is alive and the egg cell I put in the slight qualification because it It is a necessity when he practices medi that gave rise to the egg is alive; and as far cine that he recognize his patient; in terms is possible for a mutation to take place later back as you go, all the cells and organisms during the development. This is a rather rare of medical science he distinguishes human are alive, until practically three billion years event, but it does happen. beings from nonhuman beings, and that is ago, when scientists believe life begins. Normally, most characteristics are deter how he comes to take care of human beings THE CoURT. I believe that is too far back. mined at the moment of fertilization. as opposed to goats, and so forth. We ha\7e all we can do to deal with the Q So, to that extent, at the point of fertil In determining who is a human being, you present. ization we have some bit of humanness can only appeal to your senses--sight and Q. In the study of biology, is the HOTno about th1s particular zygote, do we not? other various senses--and other various sapiens, the human being, included in the A At that point we can say that the zygote scientific observations that you can make. studies of animals as far as biology is con is a member of the species, Homo sapiens. The observations that you make about a cerned? Whether you call it human or not involves baby that is born is that it is a human A. Yes, it is. nonscientific issues. being. It is the same baby three minutes Q. So what you have been talking about Q But it is a Homo sapiens at that point? before it was born, a month before it was as to the beginning of life applies to Homo A That's right. born; three months before it was born; sapiens, is that correct? Q Which, if allowed to grow or continue to and as you can go back, tracing at A. Indeed, yes. grow, except in those instances that you what point it is not a human being, you Q. Are you fam111ar with the biological have related of spontaneous abortion, or come to the point prior to fertilizatioR. It term "zygote"? clinical abortion, will mature into a human is at the point of fertilization that you have A. Yes. being; is that correct? March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7631 A. Yes, that is correct. particular speech, as saying: "Any woman, at have the capacity to sustain independent Q Is it your testimony, Professor, that any time"-"At any time"-"should be able life? there is no human being until the mother to procure a legal abortion without even giv A Nor does a newborn child. delivers the ch ild? ing a reason"? Q Nor does a. newborn child. That is part A I am not capable of answering this ques A Yes. of your answer, is that correct? tion, because it involves non-scientific Q Now, is that a fair statement of your A A newborn child has to be fed by some issues; namely, how do you define a "human position on abortion? body. It can't sustain-it can't feed itself. A being." This is not a scientific issue; it is a A Not now. newborn child is incapable of sustaining it theological or metaphysical ... Q Have you changed that? self. Q What is growing in the mother's womb A This was 1963, when I gave that speech. Q This particular zygote of a few days' dura- is physical? I no longer word it that way, because the tion-let's say three days old? A Yes. phrase "abortion on demand" is seen as a AYes. Q It can be seen threatening one by the medical profession, Q It has a genetic package, does it not? A Yes. who do not want to be demanded to do A Yes. Q It can be touched? anything, and this is why I insist on saying Q And this package, of course, is a blue A Yes. that I am against compulsory pregnancy; print for what this child or this human Q And felt. Is that metaphysical or and I ask those in favor of compulsory preg being will be after it is born; it has the color physical? nancy to say why they want the pregnancy of the eyes? It has the size of the frame, and A Physical. to be compulsory. all the rest? Q Your testimony is that through all these I have changed the words that I had used. AYes. hundreds of years of medical science, medi The consequences are the same. Q But this zygote, with this package, this cine hasn't been able to label what that Q Professor Hardin, did you just this past blueprint in it, does not and cannot, without physical thing is; is that correct? May deliver a speech to the California Con the intercession of the mother and all the A No, you raised the issue of human ... vention on Abortion, on May 11, 1969? biological systems of the mother's body sup Q Isn't that what you said? A I think that's right. porting it, cannot develop into a. human be Mr. OTERI. Let him answer. Q And there were you quoted as saying ing as we know, as a live, viable person? THE WITNEss .... You raised the issue of and again I quote: "Total circumstances are A At this moment, no, but in the future. human, and I said there is no definition of such that a child born at a point of time Q At the moment. human that you will find in a medical or and under certain circumstances that will A At this moment, no. scientific book. not receive"-and these are your words-"a Q When you say it is a human being, is Q What is your definition of "human"? fair shake in life, then the mother should that a medical term or a metaphysical term? A Society defines what is human, and some feel in her bones that she has no right to A It is a medical term. societies define it differently. The majority of continue the pregnancy." Are those your Q The human being is a medical term? societies do not define an individual as hu words, in that speech in California? AYes. man until the time of christening, which A Yes, they are. Q Would you name for me one textbook, usually takes place several weeks after birth Q Were these your additional words in obstetrical and gynecological textbook that and before the individual is taken to be California, on May 11, 1969: "It may seem uses "the human being" to describe the fetus christened, it is n ot human. like a cold-hearted thing to say, but we or the embryo? Q What societies are those? should make abortion available to keep down A The medical textbooks usually refer to A This is essentially that of the Jewish taxes"? • "human zygote" or "human fetus." "Human society. It is also that of innumerable so A Yes, sir, I said that. embryo:• to distinguish it from a nonhuman. cieties that we call primitive, almost beyond Q Is that a fair etatement of your posi Q Is it fair to say that the term "human number, and the idea of christening is a very tion on abortion today, or have you changed being" involves a metaphysical distinction as widespread idea, and this marks the time since May? opposed to medical opinion? beyond which the individual has rights of A No, this is a fair statement of part of A It is not just a metaphysical one. being a member of the community. my position. This has a background which Q The embryo in the womb of the mother Before christening, it has no such rights. you did not read. at, let's say, one week-what is the difference Q Do you subscribe to that, scientifically? between the embyro in the womb of the A This is not a scientific issue. woman and the embryo in the womb of a CROSS EXAMINATION OF FRANK J. AYD, JR., Q When a thing becomes a human being is female rhesus monkey at one week? not a scientific issue? M.D., BY MR. OTERI A You have a difference in genetic com A Precisely. Q (by Mr. Oteri) Now, Doctor, you tell us position. Point No.2, the embryo in the mon Q You are a ware, are you not, of the use that in your opinion that the zygote is a key, rhesus monkey, came from the sperm of of electrocardiograms? human being, is that right? monkeys and-sperm of a monkey and an A Yes. A (Dr. Ayd) Fertilized ovum is a human ovum of a monkey, in contradistinction to Q Is it a fact that a fetus, tracings of a being. the fact that the human embryo came from fetus, of the heart in a fetus can be made at Q Is that known as a zygote? a human sperm and a human ovum. And I 12 weeks by the use of an electrocardiogram? A That's correct. guess the third one, I should think quite ob A Yes. Q And you tell us that it becomes human vious: One is in the womb of a monkey and Q Does that indicate the presence of life to at the moment of-you used the term "con the other is in the womb of a human. you? ception"? Q Could you tell us, if delivered a week old A Life has been there from the very begin A That's right. Fertilization. zygote of a--could you tell us whether it was ning. This is nothing new. This is just a par Q You tell us this is so because the genetic a human zygote or a monkey zygote? ticular manifestation of life. plans for the future are laid in the zygote A I personally could not, and geneticists Q You can see it is life? a.t that time, is that correct? and embryologists can. They do tissue studies A It is always life. A Not only that, but the ovum was a hu so they know the genetic composition of the Q Right? man ovum and the sperm was a human human. • A It is always alive. sperm. Q They can tell you Homo sapiens as op Q At what point does it become human? Q Now, Doctor, does the zygote at the posed to the rhesus monkey? A Again we are back to that question, moment of conception have the capacity to A Yes. which is not a scientific question. sustain life, if it were passed out of the Q Doesn't the term "human being" involve Q This is the one area of medical science mother right a.t that moment? for you a distinction between-what is the which nobody has been able to pin down-is A No. distinction medically between a human being that what you are telling us? Q At one week does it have the capacity? and an animal? A monkey? There is some A It is not an area of medical science. This A No. thing which distinguishes us from animals. is an area of metaphysics, theology, and law. Q What is the earliest time that you are Will you tell us what that is? Q You are an advocate of abortion on aware of when this embryo or fetus is cap A From the purely biological basis, it is a demand? able of sustaining life when it leaves the genetic make-up. A I am against compulsory pregnancy. mother? Q That is what you base all your decisions Q Are you an advocate of abortion on A It depends on where the mother is. on-purely biological distinctions? demand? Q Let's sa.y in America.. A The human being goes through a con A When I say I am against compulsory A It depends if it is in a hospital in tinuous stage of evolution, as does every pregnancy, I am against compelling a woman America.; if there are fa.c111ties to provide other living organism, from its inception or to be pregnant against her wishes. care for premature infants, it may survive as conception until its death. You are a poten Q Did you deliver a speech entitled "The early as 20 weeks. tial person and I am a potential person. You Case for Abortion"? Q As early a.s 20 weeks? are not the same man now as you were -yes A Yes. A Yes. terday, and I am not the same man now as Q When you were a professor of biology? Q That is the earliest time you would say? I was yesterday, and you have a continuous A That's right. A That's correct. biological evolution from the moment of Q And were you quoted in there, in that Q During the 20 week period, it does not conception until death; you have a con- 7632 EXTENSIONS OF RE.MA.."Itl(S March 13, 1973 tinuous evolution of personality, you have a interests of our citizens will permit. I might Nor is there any consideration or concern continuous evolution of intelligence. point out here that the EPA, required by the for energy conservation. All we have is a Q Does the zygote of one week have a law to intervene at this stage, did not do so basin-wide air pollution problem. The over personality? until taken to court by the cities of River lapping levels and agencies of government A It has intelligence in potentia. The intel side and San Bernardino. Now that the EPA and the division of concern have created a ligence is there, but it cannot manifest itself. has drawn up a plan which will meet there hopelessly fragmented approach to these Q Does it have it? quirements of the law, it should not offer problems. One level is often working against A Yes. It has the necessary genetic make the protests of those who refused to act when the other levels, frequently with none of them up. There is no human way at this particular they had the power as a rationalization for working on the best overall solutions. We time to measure, but the mere fact we cannot further delay in the achievement of clean need a regional agency that will combine measure does not disprove its existence. air. the functions and duties of air pollution Q Nor does it prove its existence? This particular proposal can probably be control, transportation controls, land use AYes. improved upon, and I have heard many sug controls and energy conservation. This re Q What do you base your conclusion that gestions that merit further investigation. gional agency should have the ultimate pow the zygote has intelligence at one day? But we cannot escape the fact that the con er to enforce air pollution laws, set priori A Because of its genetic make-up. sistent failure of industry and local govern ties for transportation spending, determine Q Is there any scientific publication of ments to control air pollution makes federal major land use questions, and try to devel which you are aware that substantiates your involvement and strict enforcement of the op a system that has maximum conservation position that there is an active intelligence current law mandatory. The EPA should of energy. The EPA presently has the power in the one day old zygote? recognize this and it should not recommend to do much of this, and where it does not, A I didn't say there was an active intel that the standards or the deadlines be it should ask the Congress to provide it with ligence. changed. If gasoline rationing is necessary that power. I am not suggesting that the Q Are you familiar with anencephalic to achieve the ambient air quality standards, federal government take over the func children? then it should be implemented to the extent tions of local governments. In the Clean Air A Yes. necessary. I do not see gasoline rationing Act, the states were given the primary re Q That is children who have no cerebrum as a solution to the air pollution problem, sponsibllity, but the law gave the federal in their brain? although the commitment to utilize it will government the responsibility to step in if A Yes. contribute to the solutions. But if this com the states failed to act. I firmly believe that Q And they can't think when they are born mitment to achieve clean air is abandoned, the federal government should provide the live? the search for solutions that this proposal standards, the leadership and the power A Let's put it this way: They cannot has stimulated may also be abandoned. to guarantee healthy environments to all its verbalize. Alternatives to gasoline rationing as a citizens. Q Is there any way of measuring whether means of reducing the amount of vehicle The federal government is not guiltless in a person without a cerebrum can think? miles traveled exist. The proposed regula this problem of having different levels and A Only at this moment, because of lack of tion as written is flexible enough to accom agencies of government working against refined tools to do so. modate these alternate methods (The pro each other. One glaring example is the High posed regulation states that "the amount of way Trust Fund, which encourages more gasoline to be controlled shall be determined highways, which encourage more cars, which by the Administrator no later than 30 days waste more energy; while the federal govern prior to the effective date of the control pe ment sets clean air standards that cannot CONTROVERSY OVER EPA POLLU riod. This determination shall be based on be met if these other trends are continued. TIONCONTROLPROPOSALS the hydrocarbon emission reduction required These problems must be faced and long for the attainment and maintenance of the range solutions, should be attempted. We national standard for photochemical oxi should not continue to aggravate problems HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. dants in Metropolitan Los Angeles Intra by continuing the current policies. There OF CALIFORNIA State AQCR."). The EPA should not lead should be a moratorium on all major con people to believe that the present law and struction in this air basin, until all policies IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the proposed regulation are inflexible as to and assumptions are reevaluated to meet the Tuesday, March 13, 1973 the approaches that could be taken. The needs of an ecologically sound environment. amount of gasoline rationing is not fixed by The Environmental Protection Agency should Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak this proposed rule, and other measures to re be a leader in this regional approach and er, a great deal of controversy has duce air pollution that might be taken will use the power and incentives at its disposal erupted in Southern California over a reduce the amount of gasoline control that to make this approach work. recent proposal by the Environmental will be necessary. As to the alternatives to Protection Agency to reduce pollution rationing, many of them can't be immedi in that area. Last Thursday, March 8, ately implemented. However, there are nu I testified before a hearing held by the merous proposals that could be included in CARDINAL MEDEIROS' ELEVATION this implementation plan that would par EPA regarding this proposal, and I enter tially solve the problem. The Clean Air Act that testimony into the RECORD for the itself says that implementation plans should HON. GERRY E. STUDDS benefit of those who have asked my views include "emission limitations, schedules, and OF ~ASSACEnJSETTS on this proposal: timetables for compliance with such limita TESTIMONY ON THE EPA IMPLEMENTATION tions, and such other measures as may be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES PLAN FOR THE CLEAN Am ACT necessary to insure attainment and main Tuesday, March 13, 1973 (By Representative GEORGE E. BROWN, JR.) tenance of such primary or secondary stand ard including, but not limited to, land-use Mr. STUDDS. Mr. Speaker, on March Mr. Chairman, these hearings will bring and transportation controls." , 5 in Rome, Humberto S. Medeiros was out many reservfrtions as to the necessity, Mr. Ruckelshaus, when he announced the presented with a cardinal's red hat, practicality and desirabllity of the Imple proposed regulation, stated that there are mentation Plan now before us. Many, if not culminating his rise from a poor Portu numerous means of reducing the amount of guese immigrant to a Prince of the most, of these reservations will be expressed vehicle miles traveled, but that gasoline ra by those who have had the power to control tioning was the only sure-fire method that Roman Catholic Church. His life, from air pollution for many years, and who have the EPA knew of. This may be the case, but studying English in night school to his failed to exercise that power. The various the other means should not be ignored; they many good works in the communities levels of government; industry, especially should be fostered by the EPA, even if they which he served, can stand as an ex the automobile industry; and large segments provide no guaranteed reduction in emis ample not only to the pious but to the of the population at large; all have not only sions. Among those alternatives cited by Mr. millions of immigrants who seek a new failed to control air pollution, but rather in Ruckelshaus are increased use of mass tran many cases have aggravated the problem. and better life in the United States. sit, increased car pooling, vehicle free zones, I commend for your further informa- These failures led the Congress to write increasing the cost of motor vehicle use, lim the legislation which has led to this plan. iting the number of automobiles and mo tion the following front page editorial The Clean Air Act amendments set a strict torcycles registered, and land use controls. from the Diario De Noticias, of New Bed timetable for the achievement of clean air, My main concern is that these alternate ford, Mass., America's only daily news giving state and local governments the re means of aolving the air pollution problem paper published in Portuguese: sponsibility-and opportunity-to devise a will be bogged down by the same process that OuR VIEWPOINT plan which would meet specific standards bas failed to meet the air pollution crisis within the set time. State and local authori Today we would like to pay tribute to a over the years. There is no air basin wide Man of God who has brought much credit ties still did not act, despite the fact that pollution control agency. There is no air ba to his native Fall River and to New Bed the congressionally mandated ambient air sin wide transportation agency. There is, in ford-Humberto Cardinal Medeiros. quality standards, based upon extension fact, virtually no basin wide planning, par Born in Arrifes, a village ad.1oining Ponta medical evidence, are as lenient as the health ticularly in the area of land-use. Delgada, principal city of St. Michael in the March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7633 Azores, he has risen from a poor immigrant as a conservative, yet there is no question posed regulations should be modified to give to a Prince of the Roman Catholic Church. where he stands in championing the the States the opportunity to use social serv ices funds for legal services. Even as a boy, the new Cardinal showed an rights of the indigent throug~ continua intelligence that foretold of promising oppor I will appreciate your help in this matter. tunities. At the age of 8 he was able to bal tion of community legal services. What Incidentially, I am enclosing a very favorable ance his grandfather's accounts. follows is the text of his letter and the editorial which appeared in the February 21st At 12, he was employed by a wholesale editorial: issue of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette in sup grocer in Ponta Delgada, walking two miles CLAmToN, PA., February 26, 1973. port of legal services. each way daily. He attended school days and As you will recall, I have for several years Sincerely, worked at night, taking special courses to served on the Board of Directors of the ROBERT F. STOKES· learn English. In 1937 he was graduated from Neighborhood Legal Services program of Alle Fall River's B.M.C. Dufree High School among gheny county and for the past two years THE AssAULT ON LEGAL SERVICES the top four in a class of 651. And at that, have been its president. I believe it is very Among the prime casualties of President he completed the four-year course in two important that all of our citize:OS be given Nixon's plan to dismantle the Office of Eco years! the opportunity to have their nghts recog nomic Opportunity apparently would be the He then attended Catholic University in nized and that the Legal Services programs controversial Legal services program. Poverty Washington, D.C. He became an American have effectively provided this opportunity lawyers in 300 communities throughout the citizen in 1940. He furthered his studies in to hundreds of thousands of poor people. nation have distinguished themselves by Rome. He was ordained in St. Mary's Cathe The Allegheny County Legal Services pro their zeal and championing the rights of the dral, Fall River, June 16, 1946, by the late gram of thirty full-time staff attorneys is indigent and pressing for essential law Most Reverend James Edwin Cassidy. He not nearly large enough to meet the basic reform. offered his first Solemn High Mass the next needs for legal services of the County's low Opponents of the Legal services program day in St. Michael Church, Fall River. income residents. Yet it appears that the contend that litigation in behalf of minority We salute His Eminence Humberto Cardi program is in grave danger of being forced to groups which hampers the functions of elect nal Medeiros because he has earned and curtail, if not terminate, its operations be ed officials is undemocratic in that it con continues to earn the highest praise that cause of cut backs in funding. travenes the will of the majority. Most gall can be given to anyone: He is a good man. Approximately 60% orf the program's fund ing to enemies of the federal legal services He also is a great man. ing comes from OEO. The President has pro program has been its success in challenging His New Bedford affiliation is associated posed that this funding continue through a rulings of federal, state and local agencies with Our Lady of Mount Carmel Church on public legaJ. services corporation which he which deprive the uninformed poor of basic Rivet Street in the South End, where he will ask Congress to oreate. From our past rights. served as a curate in early 1949. So New conversations, I know that you strongly sup President Nixon has assured supporters of Bedford shares in the great honor that has port the crea.tion of a legal services corpo the Legal Services program that he will come to a humble, sincere Servant of the ration which will insure the independence shortly offer legislation calling for creation Lord. of legal services attorneys from political in of a public corporation designed to ca.rry Many friends of the new Cardinal from fluence and permit full representation of the on the functions of the agency without polit both New Bedford and Fall River joined the interests of the poor. It is important that ical interference. Believers in the Legal Serv pilgrimage to Rome for the consistory at such legislation be enacted as soon as pos ices program would be less apprehensive if which Pope Paul VI officially elevated Bishop sible because uncertainties as to the future the President had not appointed a sworn Medeiros to the Sacred College of Cardinals. of the Legal Services program will result in enemy of the Legal Services program to pre Nearly 200 were with the Right Reverend the more experienced attorneys going else side over the summary liquidation of the Monsignor Anthony M. Gomes on the flight where. OEO. to Rome. All members of the Cardinal's Our most immediate problem, however Howard J. Phillips, acting director of the immediate family shared in his day of joy, and the reason for this letter-is to request OEO has expressed his distaste for the wide including two brothers and a sister. your help in securing the modification of ranging activities of the nation's 2,500 pov proposed regulations of HEW that will drasti erty lawyers: "I think Legal Services is rotten From this corner, we again salute Hum cally affect the Legal Services programs of berto Cardinal Medeiros and wish him well and it will be destroyed." Pennsylvania, including our Allegheny In Allegheny County, Robert F. Stokes, in carrying the high honors bestowed on him County program. For the remaining 40% of and the responsibilities that now are his. president of the local Neighborhood Legal our funding we are dependent on a 75 % services, has revealed his determination to match provided by HEW Title IV Social Serv fight dissolution of the legal services pro ice funds. These funds are provided under gram. Mr. Stokes, Republican candidate for HEW regulations which presently list legal County Commissioner in 1971, is especially NEIGHBORHOOD LEGAL SERVICE services as an option al social service which disturbed at rumors that the government PROGRAMS the State may provide. The proposed regula may forbid local legal services agencies to tions (approved 2/ 13/ 73 and contained at p. use donated money as the local match for 4608, F.R. Vol. 38, No. 32, 2/ 16/ 73 ) no longer federal funds. The conservative Mr. Stokes, list legal services as an optional social serv who regards the program as a means of draw HON. H. JOHN HEINZ III ice for which Title IV funds may be used. OF PENNSYLVANIA ing the disadvantaged back into the main It is essential to aur Allegheny County legal stream, remains skeptical that it can be re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES services program (as well as most Legal Serv constituted as an effective force once the Tuesday, March 13, 1973 ices programs in Pennsylvania) that these OEO has been dissolved. proposed regulations not take effect. We are Not only is the right of the poorest citizen Mr. HEINZ. Mr. Speaker, championing hopeful that the regulation will be amend to contest an unjust governmental or busi the rights of America's underprivileged ed to again list legal services as an optional ness action a democratic safeguard, but the is the exclusive province of neither con social service which the State may provide opportunity for legal redress is an indis servatives nor liberals. It is both morally to all persons on welfare, including AFDC pensable safety valve for social discontent. recipients. Alternatively, we request that A democratic means for the orderly expres and constitutionally correct. What is general language be added to the regulations fundamentally American is that all our sion of protest must not be casually dis which would permit the States to use social carded. citizens, regardless of income level, race, services funds for any type of social services or creed are equal before the law. In provided in the past. And as a last resort we this vein: the operation of neighborhood ask that the regulation contain a grand legal service programs across this land, father clause protecting those Legal Services ABORTION is evidence that we guarantee the rights programs which are now using Title IV funds. to legal representation to those Amer I can see no reason to exclude legal serv ices as an optional social service. Its exclusion HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN icans who cannot pay the costs of their will not result in the substantial savings of OF MARYLAND day in court. Federal funds because presently only four IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To better inform my colleagues of the states (Pennsylvania, Maryland, Georgia and Tuesday, March 13, 1973 broad-based support for community legal Montana) receive Title IV funds for legal services I am asking permission to in services and the total contribution by HEW Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, I would like elude i~ the RECORD a letter I received for legal services is less than five million dol to submit ·the following reply to a lars per year. Also since legal services is an from Robert Stokes, and an editorial de optional service, these funds are used only in VICES-TV editorial on February 16. 1973 by Pas1Jor Lester Messerschmidt. scribing his activities as president of the those States which favor the expansion of local neighborhood legal services. Mr. legal services programs. In keeping with the Past~r Messerschmidt is the interf·aith Stokes is an attorney and a distinguished Administration's philosophy that the States coordinator of the New York Right to public servant. He is described in an should be given more opportunity to decide Life Committee and has been active in editorial in the Pittsburgh Post Gazette how Federal funds are to be spent, the pro- the fight to overturn the January 22 de- CXIX--482~Part 6 7634 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 cision of the Supreme Court to legalize For instance, a national growth rate ago, put together some of the answers it abortion. of less than 2.1 children per family is had gleaned from the experts. Here are some meaningless if one-sixth of our total of their very tentative conclusions, short The text of this speech maintains the term and long-term: viewpoint expressed in a constitutional population is already concentrated be Old people will become relatively more nu amendment, House Joint Resolution 261, tween Boston and Washington, and that merous, more significant a.n economic force that I proposed on January 30 of this trend continues; and if areas like the and more powerful politically. Industries year. I would, therefore, like to call this Washington-Baltimore complex continue that cater to the old-health facilities, re speech to the attention of my colleagues: to grow by 34 percent per decade as it did tirement villages and the like-will enjoy a ABORTION DECISION between 1960 and 1970. growing boom. By the same token, compa The Nation should be concerned with nies keyed to the young, particularly to in (Replying to a. WCB&-TV editorial on the fants, face a relative decline. The one-family Supreme Court decision on abortion, here the implications of net population dwelling will give way more and more to the is Lutheran Pastor Lester Messerschmidt, growth, or its lack thereof, because it will smaller suburban apartment. Automobiles Interfaith Coordinator of the New York State have a tremendous impact on how the will probably grow smaller. And, with per Right to Life Committee.) Nation allocates its total resources over capita income rising, families will have more Describing the Supreme Court's abortion the next three decades and more. money to spend and may well tend to spend decision, WCBS-TV said the "ruling wisely But we must also develop a national it on service industries-entertainment, refrained from defining when life begins." travel and other leisure-time activities But is this really Wise? We think not . .Afl growth policy related to distribution of population and the elements of economic rather than on material goods. relevant medical authority quite clearly Perhaps most fundamental, the Newsweek states that human life begins at conception. growth, so that those Americans who summary said, is that "Americans will have Even medical authorities that favor abortion prefer to live in less-crowded nonmetro to abandon the old expansionist mentality have acknowledged this. The official journal politan areas will be able to find the that sees growth a.s the source of social of the California Medical Association, for satisfying work, comforts, and con mobility and economic betterment for the example, has stated it is "a. scientific fact, veniences as well as health and educa poor. Without a 'rising tide' to raise all the which everyone really knows, that human tional necessities they must presently boats, the nation will have to confront its life begins a.t conception." social problems more directly. The only con Even if we were to disregard such medical seek in the metropolitan areas alone. Our House Public Works Committee clusion is that, with a stable population, testimony-as the court obviously did-we these woes may be less immense." Many of still could not regard the court's ruling as will be holding hearings on this subject the changes Newsweek contemplates already, wise. By asserting that they do not know in the near future, and I invite the ideas in one way or another, are making their when life begins, the court is implicity ac of my colleagues as well as of all con presence known. How Americans think about knowledging that the fetus really might be a cerned with the implications of popula them today will set the pattern for the fu living human being. Surely it is not wise but tion growth and distribution, and with ture. If life in America is, indeed, following indefensibly presumptuous to legalize abor this pattern, it could well mean that Amer tion when-in the court's own thinking-it the factors that determine economic growth throughout the Nation. icans are beginning to learn to reduce their may involve the destruction of a human scale of living while improving its style. being. Would it be wise to demolish a build Believing as I do that the Minneapolis That would be both constructive and en ing that might be inhabited? Yet the court Tribune editorial contains vital insight riching. has made abortion legal for virtually any into an aspect of Minnesota life which reason in virtually any of the nine months is reflected in the majority of States not of pregnancy. included in the Nation's megalopolises, I For those who are shocked at his decision, JOHN DOWNEY SEES HIS MOTHER do not despair. Birthright projects are now wish to make it available to all the people helping pregnant women solve their prob of the United States: lems without abortions. Concerned people POPULATION TRENDS HON. ELLA T. GRASSO are moving to prevent the precedent of this In the statistics that have showered down OF CONNECTICUT decision from menacing the retarded, the upon them-from the tonnage of bombs infirm, and the elderly. And history tells us dropped on Indochina to the costs of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the court's ruling may be overruled; proposed Minneapolis domed stadium Tuesday, March 13, 1973 just as the Dred Scott Decision was eventu Minnesotans can be excused if they missed ally overturned so that owning a. slave ceased two that might be of more significance than Mrs. GRASSO. Mr. Speaker, the long to be a citizen's private matter, so too we all the rest. In 1972, the state's birth rate and lonely night is over for John Downey, hope that the abortion ruling may be upset dropped to new low of 14.4 babies per 1,000 for his courageous family, and for friends and unborn children may be granted the residents. Also, in 1972, for the first time in his hometown of New Britain in my legal protection they deserve. ever, the U.S. fert111ty rate dropped below congressional district and throughout the 2.1 children per family necessary for the Connecticut. population simply to replace itself. John Downey is now at the bedside of The importance of these little figures is his mother. But for more than 20 years ZPG-IS IT RELEVANT? not so much in their sizes, but in what they represent. What they point to, in effect, is of his life, he had been a prisoner in the distinct possib111ty that one day, possibly China. No words can fully express the HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK as soon as 80 years from now, America. may relief and thanksgiving all of us feel who OF MINNESOTA have a stable, rather than a booming, popu have worked and prayed for John lation, or what is sometimes called zero IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Downey's release for so long. We rejoice population growth. that the People's Republic of China has Tuesday, March 13, 1973 Statistics are risky things to play with, but they do provide the sociologists, scien responded to the request that Mr. Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, an edi tists, businessmen, legislators and others Downey be allowed to come home. torial published in the Minneapolis Trib who are responsible for planning the future The special sense of joy on this occa une, focuses on one aspect of what I with something more than just guidelines. sion is understandably tempered by the believe to be the greate!)t challenge to Failure to follow the trends these figures in knowledge that Mr. Downey's early re the Nation in the coming quarter cen dicate often can lead to serious problems lease was initiated by the news that his tury-population growth and, more im such as that now faces Minnesota's colleges brave and determined mother is severely portant, population distribution; and the and schools where there are hundreds of empty dormitory beds and classrooms. A ill. Throughout the long vigil, Mrs. Mary need to plan for both at the national more accurate-and less growth-oriented Downey's staunch spirit matched that of level. evaluation of birth statistics might have her imprisoned son. Their communion of While the population growth rate is helped save the state's taxpayers a heap of love and shared hopes over the years dropping-to the point where we can money that could have been spent on other make this reunion a testimony to their actually begin talking about the arrival needs. splendid strength of character. of zero population growth and the re But the :figures alone are not enough. It is my earnest hope that all Ameri sultant changes consumer trends, They have to be clothed with meaning, and in trying to do that often raises more ques cans will pray for Mrs. Downey's com population maldistribution-its con tions than can be answered. One of the big plete recovery so that she will now be centration in urban areas-will continue gest of those questions is: What will life in able to experience happiness and con to nullify many benefits of lower total America be like if the predictions of a. stable tentment which has eluded her for so growth rates. population come true? Newsweek, not long many years. As for her newly freed son, March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7635 we say "Welcome Home, John Downey, footsteps of all the big museums .in the coun that a major contribution has been the Welcome Home." try, getting the best voluntary help possible Economic Development Administration to operate our departments and doing things and the important role of EDA planning professionally." Running on an operational budget of districts serving the region. $30,000 a year, the museum survives be The EDA concept has exhibited an LITHUANIA LIVES ON AS "A NATION" cause of membership dues and donations. ideal Federal-local partnership whereby AT BALZEKAS MUSEUM About half the membership is not of Lithu governmental investment yields a sub anian descent, -but that is understandable stantial return through accelerated re since we have opened various exhibits ap ceipt of taxes which avail from the mul HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI pealing to all ethnic groups, provide classes tiple economic factors of seed capital. OF ILLINOIS in music and art, and cover a broad histori cal spectrum,'' Balzekas said. EDA has proven itself as a responsible IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The museum, open seven days a week at vehicle for delivering the Federal dollar Tuesday, March 13, 1973 no admission, offers an easter egg decorating to meet local needs, with grassroot input class every year which draws a large response determining spending priorities. In de Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in our from Luthuanians and other nationalities. picting Federal-local partnership at preoccupation with many personal prob For the last four years, Mrs. Ursula Astra work, the article speaks for itself. lems, we often take for granted the bless has come from Grand Rapids, Mich., to show The article follows: how etchings can be used on Easter eggs ings which we enjoy as Americans. One of END OF OzARKs' OUT-MIGRATION MAY SIGNAL the points that, in my judgment, does following an old Lithuanian custom. She draws more than 600 people a year in two NATIONAL TREND not receive enough attention is the great classes, one from 10 a.m. to noon and one (By George C. Wilson) contribution that was made to the devel from 1 p.m. to 3 p.m., this year starting TIMBo, ARK.--Jimmy Driftwood, the bal opment of our country by the immigrants April7. ladeer of the Oza.rks, is telling about the big who came from many lands to find op In another exhibit, the art of Belgia.n decision his parents had to make one sum portunities here in the United States. lace making was demonstrated, while another mer night when he was a boy growing up in These Americans make a great contribu featured Polish customs. this northwest section of Arkansas. tion to the progress of our country and "What we are trying to create is a non As he talks, cows heavy with spring calves properly maintain a pride and knowl chauvinistic atmosphere here. Many of the bawl in the pasture out back. A kettle hisses edge of the heritage of the land of their people of Chicago have lost their parents' on the stove inside the wood-plank kitchen language and ways and are Americanized. of the farmhouse. forefathers. We want to show Lithuanian culture, but "One summer, Mr. Leander Carter came A very special undertaking in the Chi not to the point where we become segregated. over to our place and said, 'Jimmy, I'd like cago area is the Balzekas Museum of We want everyone to enjoy the museum," to hire you for the summer to do everything Lithuanian Culture which is featured in he said. there ls to do on the farm-plow corn, cut an article in the Stickney-Life of Because of the Communist takeover of sprouts with the hoe, whatever. If you bring Wednesday, March 7, 1973, by that pa Lithuania, one cannot get native Lithu your dinner, I'll give you 50 cents a day. If per's ace reporter, Miss Judy Topinka. I anian artifacts anymore, Balzekas pointed I feed you, I'll give you 40 cents a. day.' am pleased to insert this very timely and out-especially those made before 1945. "That night," Jimmy continues in a voice Although many of the articles on display tinged with reverence, "my Momma and Dad impressive article into the RECORD: are not priceless, they are irreplaceable. The talked a. long time about what would be the LITHUANIA LIVES ON AS "A NATION" AT oldest exhibit features coins from the 13th most economical thing to do. They finally BALZEKAS MUSEUM century, and also shown are costumes, east decided for me to eat with him. They felt (By Judy Topinka) ern European maps, dolls, arts and artifacts like what I would take to eat would be worth Lilthuania may be smothered by the Iron of old Chicago homes, and folk art. more than the difference.'' Curtain but its culture goes on in its de The library and archives have become so So Jimmy Morris-his stage name of Drift scendants in Chicago, especially at the large that it now fulfills requests for informa wood came much later, after his country tion from colleges, universities, scholars and songs had won a. national following-worked Balzekas Museum of Lithuanian Culture, private individuals. Some of the volumes date 4012 Archer ave. for Mr. Carter in the summer of 1923. He was back to the 16th century. The Baltramaitis happy to be the only boy around with a pay Stanley Balzekas, owner of Balzekas collection of art contains more than 5,000 Motors, 4030 Archer ave., Chicago, grew up ing job. items on all facets of Lithuanian art in addi THINGS ARE BETTER in basically an American home, but his tion to information on individual artists. Lithuanian heritage was an accepted part To meet an apparent need for information Today, after lots more summers with few of life. Always a history buff, he collected concerning Lithuanian genealogy, archives jobs, things are much better in Arkansas. armor and antique weapons. From that he have been created to compile background So much better, in fact, that Chairman John began reading up on his parents' native land data relating to families of Lithuanian de L. McClellan (D-Ark.) o:t the Senate Appro and started collecting other items of the scent, and a newly formed theater and drama priations Committee and others argue that Lithuanian past. The next logical step was archives will house memorabilia from every the Arkansas experience is the way to stem to put it all somewhere, and hence, the part of the world. the national exodus from farm to city-a Balzekas Museum took form. migration that continues to empty out the When the museum opened on June 22, Great Plains as people pile up in urban 1966, Balzekas' various collections found a areas. home. Now, with 22 departments expanded EDA AND THE OZARKS McClellan and-by last year's count any to include Lithuanian items, items related way-at least 39 other senators are pushing to Lithuania culture or items made by a bill (8-10) to give more federal aid to the Lithuanians, Balzekas is no longer the sole countryside to hold the people there, away contributor. HON. JOHN P. HAMMERSCHMIDT from the cities. That concept is at the heart "We find many of the older folks die, and OF ARKANSAS of the current budget battle as President their children do not know what to do with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Nixon moves to eliminate several programs old textiles, handicrafts and other items. Tuesday, March 13, 1973 designed to revitalize rural areas. Yet, they do not want to throw them out. Beyond the political fight, and probably We serve as a good outlet and the com Mr HAMMERSCHMIDT. Mr. Speaker, more important, lies the question of whether munity is now making available to us anum the House will consider this week legis what is happening in the Ozarks is the lead ber of interesting exhibits," said Balzekas lation to extend for 1 yea~: the Public ing edge of a new national trend-people who continues to be the museum's angel. with a choice opting for quality of life even "There was a definite need for a Lithuanian Works and Economic Development Act if it means fewer material possessions. ethnic museum, library and archives,'' the of 1965. In view of this, I think it appro "There was a. major reversal of former ~econd generation Lithuanian-American priate to call to the attention of my col population losses in a non-metropolitan area founder said. "In fact, every ethnic group leagues a timely article appearing in the extending over northern and western Arkan needs one. Our museum, one of the most ac March 11 Sunday Washington Post. sas, eastern Oklahoma and southwestern tive and professional in the country, has had It presents a good account of a region Missouri," notes Calvin L. Beale, Agriculture other ethnic groups studying it in order that in the country substandard in economy Department specialist in population trends, they too can open up similar ones. A Yu and heavy out-migration for several in examining what happened between 1960 goslav museum modeled on ours has already and 1970. opened in Pennsylvania, and a Belgian one decades. As depicted in the article, this Rural areas in the lower Tennessee Valley, is now operating in Des Moines. situation has now reversed. West Central Kentucky, Pacific Coast of "We should serve as a prototype, too," Many factors, no doubt, are involved in Washington, western slope of the Rockies in he continues, "because we followed in the turning the trend upward. I am convinced Colorado and the northern half of Michigan's 7636 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 Lower Peninsula also made comebacks in the players and country singers. The $3.39 million "Ninety-nine per cent of my work in the 1960s in terms of holding people in the center was built under an Economic Develop last 10 years has not been intellectually countryside. ment administration grant which paid for 80 stimulating," Johnson says. "You're not mak Reasons for this changing tide vary by per cent of the cost. ing big technical breakthroughs working for area, of course, but the Arkansas experi LESSON FOR ALL the electronics industry. You can easily learn ence-to examine· one dramatic example all the facts you need to know." suggests that young people w111 indeed stay There is a lesson in all this for the rest of So now Johnson plans to buy 20 pregnant "down on the farm" if they can find a job the United States, according to Arkansas' cows for $400 a head, or a total of $8,000; sell other than farming. two most powerful Democratic politicians, the calves next year for $300 ahead, or a total census Bureau figures for Arkansas show Chairman McClellan of Senate Appropria of $6,000, to get most of his initial invest that: tions Committee and Wilbur Mills of House ment back; then start making a profit with The state's total population dropped from Ways and Means Committee-leaders Presi the next bunch of calves from the same cows. 1,949,387 in 1940 to 1,909,511 in 1950 to dent Nixon must heed if he hopes to get his "Back in Scottsdale," Mrs. Johnson says, 1,786,272 in 1960 as people went looking else legislative program through Congress. "it was a big deal when my son, Danny, where for work. But in 1970 the population The lesson, McClellan and M1lls state, is could fish in the itty-bitty pond in the park. climbed to 1,923,295-an increase of 7.7 per that there is a relatively unexploited middle Now he fishes in our own stream out back. cent. ground between the jobless countryside and This is an answer to a prayer for me." Also, the biggest single jump between 1960 overcrowded cities. The Johnsons chose Arkansas because the and 1970 was in young people, as the num "The family farms are gone," says the 77- land, besides being beautiful, is cheaper than ber of people aged 20 to 24 increased from year-old McClellan who has studied the prob in Colorado, taxes are lower and the climate 99,852 to 143,039-a gain of 43.3 per cent. lem for decades. "There is not going to be is milder than that of the Great Plains where The older population increased substantially, any more family farms. Johnson grew up. too, as thousands retired to Arkansas--at "But," he adds, "if we get industry to The conversation in the Johnson living tracted by its low-cost living and pleasant locate out in these rural areas, then we can room touches on some of the drawbacks of environment. keep the people there. The man who likes living in the Ozarks. One of the children On a county-by-county basis, 46 of them the outdoors can st111 do a little farming for needs special schooling but there is none near gained population, 28lost and one stayed the himself. He stays. He knows he's got a regular Mountain View; ice on the roads sometimes same between 1960 and 1970. In 1960, only job to depend on." cuts off the family from town; stores are six of the counties gained people over the "Industry, labor and government should sometimes unable to fill even such simple previous census and 69 lost them. study what has happened in Arkansas," M111s needs as a length of two-by-four, and social Personal income climbed sharply, even said. life is sparse because "when it gets dark though many people in Arkansas are st111 in "In the long run it w111 be better for the around here, people go to bed." poverty. country if we can get industry to diversify," But on balance, the Johnsons say they In 1959, 14.2 per cent of the fam111es in M1lls says. He pushed for numerous small are happy they moved to Arkansas last sum the state had incomes of less than $1,000 plants for Arkansas in preference to large mer. They intend to stay. As a final word on a year. This percentage was cut by two defense industries which lay off thousands their new life, they bring out a placard pre thirds by 1969, to 4.4 per cent. of workers once a contract runs out. M1lls sented in farewell by Johnson's fellow em Looked at another way, the median (half contends labor leaders' fears about losing ployees at Motorola. It concludes: "All in way point between the highest and lowest) their grip over workers in Arkansas' small all, we sure envy you." income for males in Arkansas over 14 years plants have not materialized. But the Ozarks certainly are not for every old was $2,159 in 1959 and $4,026 in 1969. Both McClellan and M1lls say they agree body. Testifying to this is a nurse inter This compares to $3,837 and $5,918 for those with Mr. Nixon that federal spending must viewed in a glistening corridor of Boone two years for the District of Columbia. be held down but that eliminating the Eco County Hospital in Harrison, Ark.-popula nomic Development Administration and THE MINI-BOOM tion 7,239 according to the sign on the high Farmers Home Administration is not the way way. The biggest single reason for this mini to do it. They are fighting those White House boom in Arkansas is the industries which recommendations. Revenue sharing cannot "If I were single, I'd never come here," says have moved into the state, according to the work as a substitute, they argue. Mrs. John Hagen, 25. She says she and her specialists. Close behind is the income from "These little rural communities have to husband moved here from the Erie, Pa., area tourists and retirement people. And state "because of the unpolluted lakes and coun put down the waterlines to attract industry try living. leaders see further economic uplift coming in the first place" McClellan says. "They just rrom the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River don't have the money and they can't borrow NOT FOR SINGLES Navigation System-providing a water high it. They can't borrow on some promise that "But," she adds, "this is for young mar way from the Mississippi to Tulsa. Tonnage maybe they are going to get some revenue rieds and retired people-not single gals." She on the 448-mile waterway increased 45 per sharing funds from the government. The and her husband are looking for farm prop cent between 1971 and 1972. communities must have these grants and erty but have found prices rising sharply. Between 1960 and today, when the popu loans. It's much cheaper for the government "People want the growth to stop. They want lation flow reversed, an additional 142,492 than trying to rebuild slums where there are it the way it is." jobs were created in Arkansas, according to not enough jobs for the people who live Lewis W. Spencer, administrator of the the Arkansas Industrial Development Com there." 133-bed Boone County Hospital, readily ad mission. Of that total, 75,138 jobs were cre While jobs are the big factor in holding mits that single nurses are not eager to come ated by new industry which located in the native Arkansans on the land at long last, to Harrison. "She'd tJnd darn few single state since 1960 and the rest were from ex other people are coming into the state in young men when she ca..me to Harrison," he pansion of existing companies in Arkansas. pursuit of quality of life-of a better en says. How she would meet them if she did The Development Commission said that vironment for themselves and children. come is another question. There are no bars 754 companies were newcomers to Arkansas, John C. Johnson is one. At age 46, he quit in Harrison-part of a dry county-and al with the largest in terms of employees in most no other gathering places for young cluding American Greeting Corp., Emerson a well-paying white collar job and a house singles. Electric Georgia-Paciflc Corp., International in the suburbs for a 290-acre farm he bought In spite of, or because of, this low-key life Paper, Levi-Strauss, Singer Co., Teletype in the h1lls outside of Mountain Home, Ark. in Harrison, Spencer has little trouble in re Corp., Timex, Ward Furniture and Warwick for about $40,000. cruiting doctors for his modern hospital in Electronics. NO SACRIFICE the Ozarks. They come for the quality of life, Arkansas' congressional delegation; former So far, he does not look upon his new life he says. Republican Gov. Winthrop Rockefeller; Dem as an economic sacrifice-not when you "Wherever he goes, a doctor knows he is ocratic Gov. Orval Faubus; the Development figure it out. "I probably made a mistake by going to make a good living. We can offer Agency, and the federal assistance through not moving here in 1965," he says during a him a fine place to raise a family." The "fine the Economic Development Administration, respite from putting in fencing for the beef place" includes nearby rivers and lakes; a Farmers Home Administration and Ozarks cattle he has ordered. new ski slope and ice skating rink at the Regional Council all are credited with the "The cost of living has been going up so Dogpatch tourist complex outside of town, state's economic advancement. much since 1965 that there was nothing left and mountains for hunting. The Ozarks themselves-and land of steep of the paychecks I used to get anyhow. You Spencer's sales pitch works. He says there hills and clear rivers-provided an economic can't earn enough to keep up-at least in the are 24 doctors in Harrison now and three boost as a growing number of tourists came business I was in." more on the way. With 27 doctors to serve a into the state. State leaders are making a Johnson was senior electrical engineer for county population of 19,073, this works out concerted effort to draw in more tourists, the Motorola plant in Phoenix, Ariz. He made to one physician for every 706 people. The with the Ozarks Folk Center in Mountain close to $20,000 a year, on that job, worked national average is one doctor for every 612 View a prime example. on the communications for the Apollo space people. Rep. Mills, when Mountain View was in ship and llved in the suburb of Scottsdale. The availability of medical care in Harri his district, championed the folk center As he talks of the frustrations of engineer son and in the Little Rock Medical Center which opens next month with performances ing, his wife, Dee, pours some sassafras tea 140 miles to the south is, of course, comfort by the Rackensack Society fiddlers, banjo she made in her new role as country wife. ing to people moving to the Ozarks, especially March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7637 the retirees. The same is true of lower hos old timers would like to see it. But there we must recognize those differences and face pital costs---$32 a day for a semi-private and aren't many old timers. them squarely. It is in this context that we $42 a day for a private room in Boone County "As a person, I got all the standing in line speak of reconciliation. Hospital. For comparison Sibley Hospital in I wanted when I was in the service. Per I want particularly to speak about amnesty the District of Columbia charges $61 a day sonally, I would like to see this growth level for those who have resisted this war. But for a semi-private and $70 for a private room. off. resisters are only one of a number of groups Floating down the Buffalo is indeed a de "But many people would like to see it keep who have been damaged by the war. light--at least in March when the water is growing like it is now. . .. The money-hungry There are first the men who have died in high. The river is clear with a sand and gravel people are going to win." this war, and their families. There are the bottom, and smallmouth bass dart away from Donald R. Raney, as executive director of disabled. The wives, the parents and the the canoe's shadow. On our trip, a flock of the Northwest Arkansas Economic Develop children of those who were crippled or who wild turkeys flew out of a green glade along ment District, is charged with worrying full gave their lives want desperately to believe the swift water. time about the growth problem troubling that their sons and husbands have not sac The sudden growth of the Ozarks and the Judge Eoff and others. rificed in vain. What can we say "to these changes it is bringing, like turning the The development district helps officials in people, to ease their deep grief? Certainly Buffalo River into a national park, is not nine northwest counties of Arkansas plan there is no glib answer. They did die or were universally applauded, of course. Fred Dirst, their future, and Republican Rep. John Paul wounded in the service of their country. For who lives in a trailer along the river at Rush, Hammerschmidt says its operation should be many this may be enough. But for those who does not mind saying so. a model for meshing federal assistance with believe that the war was unjust this may not CHANGE LAMENTED local needs. The technique is to apply for all be an adequate understanding. I know that available federal and state money for the nine among those whose sons will never come "You from the Park Service?" he asks a counties and then work up plans with local home there are parents who say their sons visitor, who replies in the negative. officials for spending it. did not die in vain ... because they died in "Good, then it's not open season on you." a war that was so despised that there may Dirst tells of how much he hated to give up FEARS NOT SHARED never be another. I can only pray that that his riverside farm, but he concedes tourists Raney, himself a native Arkansan, does is so. But I suggest that it is the responsibil will soon be coming down the Buffalo in such not share Eoff's fears about the future. He ity of the religious community to wrestle numbers that the land will be too crowded believes planning is far enough along to with the question of the meaning of the sac for his comfort anyway. How about buying preserve the woods and waters of the Ozarks rifice which these men have made. It may another farm somewhere else? even as job-providing growth continues. very well be that we shall not find that mean "I'm 72," Dirst says drily, "If you got any Ask Raney for a one-word reason for this ing until we consider their sacrifice in the farming to do at that age, you should of new prosperity in his jurisdiction and he an context of that which Vietnamese young men done it already." swers, "Water." Loans and giants financed made in devotion to their own native land. Time after time in interviews with new waterlines for industry, the U.S. Army Corps We are dealing not just with a national trag arrivals in the Ozarks, one hears complaints of Engineers built dams in his northwest dis edy but a human tragedy with world dimen of muggings, pollution and the general raspi trict at three places on the White River sions. ness in the cities they left. Beneath these Beaver, Bull Shoals and Norfolk-providing Other victims of the war include the men complaints lies one that is seldom volun attractive recreation spots, flood control, and who have been taken prisoner and their teered right away. Lots of people are settling drinking water. families. Thank God they are now on the way in the lily-white Ozarks of northwest Arkan Now, says Raney, if Arkansas would just home. It is clear that the military and the sas to get away from blacks and the strife change its state constitution to allow realistic government recognize our special responsi they associate with them. taxation to finance such improvements as bility to them. "I'm being very honest with you," says a roads-and if the federal government would Then there are the more than six million retired life insurance salesman who moved continue to make grants for providing and veterans of the Vietnam era. One in four of from Chicago with his wife to Mountain cleaning up water-the new prosperity of the these veterans hasn't even a high school Home. "What was left for us back in Chicago? Ozarks will keep spreading at a rapid rate. diploma. Yet, only about fifteen percent of You couldn't go into the city at night with the non-graduates make use of the G. I. Bill out worrying about getting robbed. All that to further their education. The rest have is left back there is a bunch of boos"-short little to offer the job market. for "jigaboos," a derogatory term for blacks. THOUGHTS ON AMNESTY AND Why aren't Vietnam era veterans using the A more polite expression is heard frequently RECONCll..IATION G. I. Bill, as did veterans of World War II in the Ozarks. "You know, we don't have that and Korea? Possibly because the present bill black-white problem around here." offers too little help. Another reason, accord Native Arkansans when asked about the ing to Richard Killmer of the National Coun lack of blacks in the hllls say it is from lack HON. EDWARD I. KOCH cil of Churches, is that colleges and univer of jobs rather than from prejudice. "What in OF NEW YORK sities have been slow in responding to the the world would they find to do around IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special needs of veterans. Until recently, few here?" institutions had developed preparatory pro In the eyes of former city dwellers and Tuesday, March 13, 1973 grams or changed admissions requirements, suburbanites seeking a better quality of life set up counselling programs or hired tutors in the Ozarks, one big fear is that growth will Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, with the cur rent discussion about giving aid to the for the veterans. mean an end to the beauty they came here Reflecting their mist rust of government to find. rebuilding of North Vietnam, we should and other established institutions, veterans "We would have moved to Washington, not neglect those men who left this have made far less use of the Veterans Ad D.C., if we could have found some place country because they did not agree with ministration than did those of past wars. The secure to live. We didn't have that kind of the war and now want to come home. I Veterans Administration is looked upon as money," says Donald Troyer, 30, a biology cannot understand how we can justify more of the same old "army game," and they major who worked at Washington's Junior have had their fill of games. Village before moving to Mountain View. such magnanimity toward our former enemy while being so unyielding with our Until 1972 the unemployment rate for "I like the out-of-doors and the folk Vietnam veterans was substantially higher setting. But the more people that come here, own people who left the country because than for non-veterans of the same age. But the more diluted it all becomes." they had legitimate and deep differences as a result of efforts made by t he federal Political leaders assert they are well aware with our Vietnam policy. The Reverend government, the states and business and of such fears about the Arkansas environ Dr. Robert V. Moss, president of the industry the jobless rate among veterans ment. United Church of Christ, delivered a has fallen substantially and is now below that ORDERLY GROWTH speech on amnesty on February 5, 1973. of non-veterans of the same age. But for "We're trying to keep this growth orderly I recommend Dr. Moss' speech to my col blacks and other minority veterans the prob within the city limits of Harrison," says lem persists, with unemployment greater Mayor Hugh Ashley. "But both the counties leagues for their thoughtful considera- than that of non-veterans of the same age and small towns better go on with their plan n: group. ning or else there will be a lapse" in con FOR THE HEALING OF THE NATION Estimates of the number of Vietnam era trolllng the growth. (By Rev. Dr. Robert V. Moss) veterans addicted to heroin range from "We have no county planning yet that we Now that the hostllltles have ceased in 60,000 to as high as 100,000. Most of these can enforce," says Boone County Judge James men were not using drugs before they went Roy Eoff, 51, whose job is really that of Vietnam and the way is open for peace in to Vietnam. Some turned to heroin to fight county manager rather than magistrate. Southeast Asia, I want to speak of the need boredom. Others used it to blot out the "Until we get our plans for the county for reconc111ation at home and to suggest agony of war. Now it is the major factor in drawn, we can't do much. We like to see this ways of achieving it. To heal America's their daily lives. growth but we don't like to feel these growing wounds in the wake of the Vietnam war we Most federal agencies have not dealt with pains. We're probably growing faster than dare not try to hide our differences; rather the problems of veterans on drugs. Senator 7638 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1973 Cranston and other congressmen have ac the United States Catholic Conference; the nesia, and it means "to forget." Amnesty cused the Veterans Administration and other National Council of Catholic Bishops; the concerns the law's ability to undo what it has agencies of dealing inadequately with the American Baptist Convention; the United done in the past. To forgive a violation is addicted veteran. There are waiting lists Methodist General Conference; the Lutheran to pardon. But amnesty is a legal action: to for methadone treatment at Veteran Ad Council in the USA, and others. The National forget, to erase, to blot out in recognition of ministration hospitals in New York City, Council of Churches, through its General a greater interest--in this case the reconcilia with only some 50 beds available. Board, recommended in December, 1972, tion of a nation. But drug abuse is only the symptom of amnesty for: Forgiveness implies guilt, and this is the veteran's problem. Psychiatrists work Draft resisters and deserters who have highly offensive to all potential recipients ing with veterans have identified what Is now exiled themselves to other countries: of amnesty. They admit to illegal acts, but called the "post Vietnam syndrome"-which Those currently in prison or military stock not to immoral acts. Amnesty has to do with includes guilt feelings, frustration at having ades, those on probation, those who have the legality of the act. One of .the points that been made a scapegoat for the country's fail served their sentences, and those who are impressed me in our discussions in Windsor ures; ra~e at having been duped and manip subject to prosecution for violations of the was a statement of one of the exiles, who ulated; a. feeling of having been brutalized draft or military law; said, "We're not particularly interested in by combat; alienation from oneself and Draft resisters and deserters who have gone amnesty-we're really interested in adequate from society; an inability to think well of underground to avoid prosecution; draft counse111ng. We worry about our oneself, and thus to love others and accept Vietnam era veterans with less than hon younger brothers and others who will go love in return. orable discharges; and those who have com through this. Many of us would not have The veteran cannot understand why he mitted civilian acts of resistance to the war been here if we had known all the alterna is rejected by the society he thought he was or are being prosecuted upon allegations of tives open to us." fighting for. Even worse, rather than express the same. Many of the Canadian exiles have become ing outright hostility toward the veteran, One of the most moving pleas for amnesty landed immigrants, some have become Cana our society is even more prone simply to came from Cardinal Cushing of Boston, in dian citizens. But even they want the right ignore him. his Easter message of 1970: "Would it be too to travel back and forth to their homeland. One problem.. of course, is that a high pro much," he asked, "to suggest that we empty In this war, a total of from 350,000 to 400,- portion of veterans are black, Puerto Rican, our jails of all the protesters--the guilty and 000 deserve some sort of amnesty. Such a. Chicano, or from another minority. Some of the innocent--without judging them, call large group could not be dealt with on a. these men actually thought they could win back over the border and around the world case-by-case basis. What is needed is a class freedom and respect by going to Vietnam. the young men who are called deserters, drop action that would include everyone men Imagine their rage and frustration upon the cases that are still awaiting judgment on tioned in the National Council of Churches their return home to nothing but apathy, our college youth? . . . Could we not do policy statement that I quoted before. That rejection and unemployment. all this in the name of life, and with life statement recognizes that "genuine reconcil If we are really ~o meet their needs we are hope ... ?" iation demands that amnesty be granted to going to have to return to our domestic prior In my denomination questions were raised, all who are in legal jeopardy because of the ities. We have lost the vision of America's of course, by people who felt these men were war in Indochina" greatness and we need badly to recover it and traitors. But in trying to answer the ques Amnesty is really a. new beginning. In an to move toward it. Essentially the respon tions, we were able to establish a. dialogue cient Israel a. year of jubilee was celebrated sibility is going to lie with the President and within the church. Out of that dialogue when slaves were freed, the poor were re the Congress, but particularly with the Pres came the realization that many families in stored to ancestral homes they were forced ident and much will depend upon the kind of our churches, particularly in Ohio and Penn to sell, the land was permitted to lie fallow. leadership that he offers during the next four sylvania, would not be in the United States It marked a blotting out of the past and a. years. I hope he wlll give us a reconciling if their grandparents had not fied Germany new beginning for a. whole nation. kind of leadership as we face the future in the nineteenth century, at a. time when America needs such a new beginning. I perils and problems. conscription was imposed on the men. Many cannot believe that a president who made But in addition to the men who have died of the exiles themselves recogniezd that they a. great journey to Peking in an effort to wipe in combat, the disabled, those taken pris were carrying on a. family tradition. out all past misunderstandings and to em oner, and the millions of discharged veterans, After the events of the Spring of 1970, I bark on a new beginning; that a president others have been victimized by this war. proposed that some of the same people who who travelled to Moscow to reunite the East They include the draft resisters who have had been in Windsor, Ontario, go to Vietnam. and the West; that a. president . who sends fied into exile, those who have gone under Dr. Robert J. Marshall, president of the Dr. Kissinger to Hanoi to seek ways to help ground, and those who have deserted the Lutheran Church in America, Dr. Williai:n P. the people who were fighting our armies only armed forces. The Seventh General Synod of Thompson, stated clerk of the United Presby last month, cannot find the way for us to oe the United Church of Christ, meeting in Bos terian Church in the USA and I were finally reconciled with our own sons. ton in the summer of 1969, recognized the able to get clearance through the Chiefs of President Nixon frequently cites great plight of these men when it urged the Presi Chaplains, and we spent a week in Vietnam, Amercian presidents. I am sure he knows dent to grant "at the earliest possible oppor talking to over 200 chaplains. that he will not be the first American presi tunity, amnesty and pardon for those who, The point we tried to make in those two dent to grant amnesty after a prolonged for actions witnessing to their beliefs, have visits--one to Canada, one to Vietnam-was war. been incarcerat ed, deprived of the rights of that the church must be concerned for all Deserters from our army in the Revolution citizenship , or led by their conscience into human beings, regardless of the positions ary War were not punished. Shortly after the exile.... We urge these bold actions because they may have taken. Although we may not new republic was founded, President Wash this nation needs, and is strong enough to be able to sympathize with, or even under ington proclaimed amnesty for participants embrace, both those who have engaged in stand their positions or actions, we recognize in the Whiskey Rebellion. Abraham Lincoln the Vietnam confiict and those who have that they are children of God and created in not only granted amnesty to draft resisters opposed it ." his image. The church provides a chaplain and deserters, but extended it to men who As a. result of this action, I was asked in for men in prison, even--or especially-for had done far worse in legal terms--com the fall of 1969 to serve on the team of church convicted criminals. On that basis we were mitted treason and borne arms against their leaders wh o, representing the National Coun able to convince some of our people of the own countrymen. cil of Churches, met in Windsor, Ontario, need for a ministry to resisters, deserters and Lincoln faced a. nation torn in two, as we with representatives of the Canadian Coun exiles. But the time has come to move beyond do, but he granted this broad amnesty out cil of Churches, and with representatives of ministry to amnesty. of compassion, understanding, and a desire the draft exile community there, to deter In his press conference last week, Presi to bring our people together. Presidents mine what ministry the churches could per dent Nixon stressed the fact that amnesty Harding, Coolidge, and Truman granted am form. We reported to the Assembly of the means forgiveness. In this, I suggest, he is nesty in varying ways. America is no stranger National Councll in December, 1969, recom mistaken. Indeed, in this view he misunder to amnesty. mending that the Canadian Council of stands what has been tearing this country A year ago the President, when asked Churches engage in a ministry to the desert apart. On the one hand, there are those who about amnesty said that this nation can af ers and draft exiles in Canada, and that the cry for the law's vengeance, while on t ford to be generous in time of peace. Only a. National Council in this country concentrate other hand there are those who say they were few weeks later he began his historic journey on a ministry to the families of those men. right to resist the war, and that there is for peace. In a spirit of reconciliation he set I was able to do this without question, nothing to forgive. in motion what could result in the ending of largely because of the action taken by our It is precisely in such a situation that a the Cold War and of a. hostility that has General Synod. It fell to me as executive sovereign government may exercise its heal dominated the lives of all Americans for one officer to move forward, carrying out that ing power by stating that it simply will not quarter of a. century. resolution in ways that seemed appropriate. raise the question of criminality for a class of It was natural to hope that once the And, of course, the United Church of Christ political offenders who do not regard them President achieved a ceasefire he would was not alone. Strong pleas for amnesty have selves as such. show the same kind of reconciling leader been made by the General Assembly of the Amnesty, of course, does not mean for ship. Certainly his announcement of the United Presbyterian Church in the USA; by giveness. Its root word is related to am- agreement encouraged that hope. What, March 13, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 7639 then, has led him to a stand that makes it balance. I pointed out to the Under Sec Also, many U.S. exports aren't particularly appear he will not offer that kind of lead retary that the relative domestic sensitive to changes in price. Wheat exports, ership? strength of a nation's currency is not a for example, are more atfected by drought in I find it almost beyond belie! that at the Soviet Union than by the value o! the the same time he expresses opposition to significant factor in that nation's trade dollar. Foreigners' import restrictions con amnesty for deserters and dra!t evaders, the balance: Germany, France, England, and trol sales levels of other U.S. exports. President announces that Dr. Kissinger is Japan all suffer from much more severe On some products, too, there 1s a substan going to Hanoi to discuss the rebuilding inflations than the United States, yet are t1a.l time lag between a decision to buy and o! North Vietnam. Apparently, we can more precisely contra in their balance-of-trade actual shipment, delaying any sales increase easily be generous to our enemies in war posture. from devaluation. On other items where than to our own sons who have had visited Following that exchange, I read in last foreign competition is st11fen1ng, devalua upon them the sins of their fathers. tion may merely prevent a decline in U.S. When the parents of sons who died or were Thursday's Wall Street Journal an au exports. Finally, there are many categories disabled in Vietnam--and I am one of them thoritative exposition on the probable where U.S.-made goods are so much more and the families of prisoners o! war, and the lack of measurable impact by the dollar costly that a 10% devaluation won't make disabled veterans themselves, begin to ask devaluation on our trade imbalance. Par them competitive with those made abroad. for amnesty-and I am convinced they will enthetically, it was interesting to note All this doesn't mean there won't be some the President will discover how generous this that the strength of our domestic econ increase in exports this year. U.S. exports nation really is. omy was listed as one of the reasons have been rising practically every year and The issue of amnesty will be with us will very likely rise again in 1973. Exports last and dividing us-until it is resolved. There why the devaluation would have little, if year totaled $49.21 blllion, up from $43.55 are simply too many people on each side of any, immediate effect billion in 1971 and more than double the the neverending dispute over the morality I remain, therefore, firm in my con $20.99 blllion of 10 years earlier. The trouble of the Vietnam War. There are too many clusion earlier placed before this body is that imports rose faster, hitting $55.56 other problems facing us to continue to be that the necessary remedy can only be billion last year and producing a negative at each other's throats over an issue which an aggressive trade policy to which all balance in merchandise trade of $6.35 blllion. now belongs to the historians. the actors in our domestic economy Ten years earlier, by contrast, imports totaled The men who have voluntarily suffered the would be completely committed. only $16.33 billion, and the nation had a $4.52 dreadful ordeal of prison or the aw!ul loneli billion surplus from merchandise transac ness and hardship of exile have suffered As I noted to Mr. Volcker, perhaps we tions. As recently as 1970 there was a $2.71 enough !or their convictions-right or wrong. need a goal, while less prosaic than the b1llion surplus. So have their wives, their parents, their late President Kennedy's to put a man on NO OVERNIGHT CHANGES children. They have not taken an easy way. the moon in 10 years but nevertheless It has not been easy. There has been an end potentially more comprehensively re The latest devaluation of the dollar, like to war-let there be an end to suffering. the devaluation of 1971, was designed to warding to all Americans, of doubling in boost U.S. exports and reduce imports, help We applaud the peace the President has the next 10 years that percentage of our ing to correct that imbalance. Over the longer achieved and his decision to commit our re GNP which today goes to exports. I want pull, it may well work, economists believe. sources to rebuilding war-ravaged Vietnam, to join with all those voices which say But international trade doesn't turn around both North and South. in a day. But we must rebuild and heal in this that the country has to move in such a direction and that it must do so soon. "The short-term effects of currency reval country, as well. We must have amnesty for uations are going to be difficult to discern," those men who, in an earnest expression of I commend to my colleagues the afore says J. J. Gavin Jr., vice president for finance the demands of their conscience, refused to mentioned Wall Street Journal article of Borg-Warner Corp. in Chicago. "The whole participate. Only history will decide whether and include it at this point in the concept of a devalued dollar is new to U.S. those who waged the war or those who re RECORD: business people, and it is going to take a little fused to participate were right, but we must time before currency considerations and rela have peace and unity at home and only a THE DOLLAR DEVALUATION Is NOT LIKELY To SPUR EXPORTS OF U.S. Goons--SOME F'mMS tionships really get cranked into marketing general amnesty can make us a whole people strategy and planning." once again. This is a time for prayer, for DoN'T BOTHER To PusH OVERSEAS SALEs; SOME OTHERS LIFT PRICES-TRACTORS AND One problem in obtaining maximum ad reappraisal, for unity. Let churches and syna vantage from the currency revaluations is gogues o! this country exert their moral FROZEN CHICKENS (By Ralph E. Winter) that U.S. manufacturers aren't as export leadership for a lasting peace at home as oriented as their competitors in Europe and well as abroad. It is to be hoped, prayerfully When prices go down, sales rise. Japan. Many small companies don't seek for and devoutly, that the President, too, will That's basic economics. And since devalua eign business at all, and even some large com lead us in that direction. tion of the dollar makes U.S. exports cheaper panies don't give exports a high priority. abroad, foreign sales of American-made That lack of export motivation is com products should jump. pounded in a boom year like this. "There 1s Perhaps, but not as fast or as high as you a tendency for the U.S. producer to look at DOLLAR DEVALUATION might think. The laws of economics get a the domstic market as his base," says I. Barry whole lot more complex when app11ed to in Thompson, vice president and manager of ternational trade instead of to a department the international division of Central National HON. RICHARD T. HANNA store sale. Talks with exporters and econ Bank of Cleveland. "When that base shrinks, OF CALIFORNIA omists indicate that over the long run, the as it did during the recession, he tries to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES latest round o! currency revaluations will supplement it with foreign sales. But when indeed make U .8.-made products more com domestic demand is good many tend to forget Tuesday, March 13, 1973 petitive in foreign markets. But there prob about exports, making an occasional deal if it Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, I know I ably will be only a modest impact on export comes their way but not really working at need not repeat to this body the critical totals this year. developing foreign sales." Producers of exports ranging from bulldoz TAKING ADVANTAGE state of imbalance in the U.S. interna ers to air conditioners cite a number of rea tional trade posture. The administration Quite a number of companies right now say sons devaluation won't produce any spurt In they don't have capacity to handle any for has recently engaged in various exercises their oveseas sales. Probably most important, eign orders, so they aren't exploring overseas allegedly directed toward an immediate the U.S. economy 1s gaining strength so markets to see if devaluation makes their resolution of this imbalance. To cite two rapidly that many companies have their products more competitive. "We're going to examples, we have been told that our hands !ull just meeting domestic demand. be knee deep in business to meet our own domestic inflation is a major contributor, There's no strong incentive to capita11ze on domestic needs," says George M. Stein that our overvalued dollar has a direct devaluation to expand export sales. brenner III, chairman of American Ship and immediate cause and effect relation MANY REASONS Building Co. in Cleveland. "With this energy ship to this imbalance. Partly !or this reason, not all export prices crisis, our Tampa yard will be busy with Last Tuesday, the Honorable Paul wm decline by the !ull amount o! the change tankers, and we have the biggest backlog in Volcker, Under Secretary of the Treasury in currency vaues. If U.S. exporters hold dol our history at the towboat and barge !ac111ty lar prices level, local currency prices of their at Nashvllle." Adds an official of a major steel for Monetary Affairs, testified before the products would decline 10% or so, depend company, "W-e're under such severe demand Subcommittee on International Finance ing on the country involved. But, figuring pressure here at home that there won't be of the Banking and Currency Commit they'd have a hard time filling higher orders any great incentive to increase exports this tee on the administration's dollar de anyway, some companies wm partially otr year; we just can't spare much steel to ship valuation legislation. At that time I set effects of devaluation by raising dollar overseas." took up in some detail with Mr. Volcker prices, increasing profit margins on what Some companies are taking advantage of the role of inflation in our trade im- they do sell abroad. this strong demand situation by increasing 7640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE March 14, 1973 dollar prices on overseas sales to fatten profit U.S. cars. The Nixon administration intends he says. A good part of the price advantage margains a bit. This is especially true of large to try to negotiate away such barriers to U.S. obtained from the latest devaluation also will deals, where prices are arrived at by negotia exports, and the recent currency orisls may be required for sueh market defense, he says, t ion rather than quoting from a standard give U.S. negotiators added persuasiveness. though there should be some new improve list. It will result in some increase in dollar But in any event, the barriers won't drop ment in export sales. receipts from abroad, of course, but price immediately. In fact, negotiations are likely SOME PLANT CONSTRUCTION rises partially negate effects of devaluation. to be very prolonged and only partially suc cessful. Finally, there are a number of manufac "Our U.S.-made tractors will sell for the tured produots where foreign producers had same number of French francs ()(1' German BUY NOW, DELIVER LATER marks, which will mean a mild increase in a 25 % or greater price advantage. A 10 % Sometimes the nature of the product itself devaluation of the dollar just isn't enough to dollar receipts from exports.'' says a Deere & will produce delays in benefiting flrom the Co. official. "With the brisk demand for our put the U.S.-made product back into com currency revaluations. "Many of the products petition. For many of these items, U.S. products, we aren't really in position to try we export are fairly highly engineered items to captUJre a larger market share" by reduc producers long ago built foreign plants that where buying decisions aren't made in a serve overseas markets, and the latest cur ing prices. short period of time," says Borg-Warner's "We normally write contracts and sell in rency revaluation won't make them switch Mr. Gavin. "F()(l' instance, if some foreign to a U.S. source. They export mainly special local currencies, and we don't intend to manufacturer were going to use our air change those prices," says a man at Dow conditioning compressor on an automobile, ized machines not available from their over Chemical Co. in Midland, Mich., which last they would have to plan to put it on a model seas facilities. year exported $275 million of plastics and at least a year ahead of production." "Devaluation isn't going to help our for chemicals. "We think we have a good share Makers of complicated production ma eign sales very much, mainly because exports of market and don't think we'd improve it chinery also normally have a substantial lag haven't been very high from our U.S. plants that much by cutting prices. Also, in some between order and shipment. And that lead for quite a while," says an official of Warner cases our profit margin on exports has been time is longer now than it was a year ago & Swasey Co., a Cleveland-based producer of lower than on domestic sales." because many U.S. capital-goods plants have machine tools, construction machinery and "The bulk of U.S. exports aren't price sen substantial order backlogs. Besides delaying textile equipment. "As machinery became sitive," says A. Gary Shilling, first vice presi sales, these lengthening lead times are cost available at lower prices from producers in dent and economist at White Weld & Co. in ing U.S. producers some sales in competition Europe and Japan, we began producing over New York. "They are things like agricultural with European plants that have less business seas to meet competitors on their home products, where the volume of exports de on their books and therefore can deliver more ground. We have pretty substantial exports pends on Russian crop failures, and aircraft quickly. from our British factory, for example, but it and computers where people have to buy Stiffer foreign competition in some prod would take a few more devaluations before from us if they want certain technology." uct areas also tends to limit U.S. export we could export from the U.S. at prices com Price reductions on such products have little gains from devaluation. "Our exports will go petitive with those of that plant.'' influence on sales. up as a result of devaluation, but only Over the long run, though, dollar devalua Even where U.S.-made products gain some modestly," says Robert J. McMenamin, man tion probably will result in some U.S. plant price advantage against foreign competitors, ager of marketing for International Harvester construction to serve foreign markets. Dow there won't always be an immediate sales Co.'s overseas division. The 1971 dollar de Chemical, for example, probably will build increase. For some products, such as frozen valuat ion permitted Harvester to remain more domestic capacity to meet growing de chickens, there are extensive imp()(l't restric competitive on some products that were mand at home and abroad, facllities that tions in many countries that will limit sales about to be knocked out of competition by might have been built overseas if the U.S. gains. Some nations likewise limit imports the increased availability of construction ma competitive situation hadn't been improved of auto parts, or place prohibitive taxes on chinery and heavy trucks from foreign plants, through devaluation.
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Wednesday, March 14, 1973 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. THEHONORABLEDONALDE.YOUNG APPOINTMENTS AS MEMBERS OF The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, OF ALASKA BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE U.S. D.D., offered the following prayer: Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, COAST GUARD ACADEMY God is spirit and they that worship I ask unanimous consent that the gentle The SPEAKER laid before the House Him must worship Him in spirit and in man from Alaska, Mr. DONALD E. YOUNG, the following communication from the truth.-John 4: 24. be permitted to take the oath of .office chairman of the Committee on Mer today. His certificate of election has not 0 God, our Father, gracious and com chant Marine and Fisheries: arrived, but there is no contest, and no MARCH 1, 1973. passionate, draw us unto Thyself that we question has been raised with regard to The HoN. CARL ALBERT, may worship Thee in spirit and in truth. his election. The Speaker, House of Representatives, As we pray, do Thou make our hearts The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Washington, D.O. channels for Thy spirit in our world that the request of the gentleman from DEAR 1\Jf...a. SPEAKER: Pursuant to Section being subdued by Thy love we may be Michigan? 194 of Title 14 of the United States Code, I loving, being supported by Thy patience There was no objection. have appointed the following members of we may be patient, being sustained by the Committee on Merchant Marine and Thy strength we may be strong to labor Mr. DONALD E. YOUNG appeared at Fisheries to serve as members of the Board the bar of the House and took the oath of Visitors to the United States Coast Guard diligently for the welfare of our people. of office. Academy for the year 1973. Help us to walk with Thee through life The Honorable JOHN M. MURPHY of New bearing no ill will, forgiving malice, car York. rying no resentment, and growing ever ELECTION TO COMMITTEES The Honorable PAULS. SARBANES of Mary more like Thee-great in goodness and Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, land. good. in greatness. So may our Nation be r offer a privileged resolution (H. Res. The Honorable WILLIAM S. COHEN of Maine. As Chairman of the Committee on Mer blest with gracious and genuine leader 305) and ask for its immediate consid eration. chant Marine and Fisheries, I am authorized ship. to serve as an ex officio member of the In the spirit of Christ we pray. Amen. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol Board. lows: Sincerely, H. REs. 305 LEONOR K . SULLIVAN, THE JOURNAL Resolved, That Don Young of Alaska be, Ohairman. and he is hereby, elected a member of the The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam following standing committees of the House ined the Journal of the last day's pro of Representatives: Committee on Interior HOUSING SUBCOMMITTEE HEAR ceedings and announces to the House his and Insular Affairs; and Committee on Mer ING ON HUD MORATORIUM approval thereof. chant Marine and Fisheries.