DOCSLIB.ORG

Social Representations of Responsibility in a Transcultural

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Social Representations of Responsibility in a Transcultural Personality and Body Fat as Predictors of Eating Styles in Young Adults Thesis By Milena Ferenčíková Submitted in Partial fulfillment Of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Psychology State University of New York Empire State College 2018 Reader: Ronnie Mathers, Ph.D. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my family for their limitless support and belief in me. Especially I wish to thank my niece, for her bright mind to see things that I could not see. Thanks to all of those who were patiently listening to my long monologues about what overeating may and may not. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction……………………………………………………………. 6 Chapter II Literature Review……………………………………………………… 10 2.1 Eating…………………………...…………………………………. 10 2.1.1 Overeating…....…………………………………....................... 14 2.1.1.1 Psychological Theories of Overeating............................... 16 2.1.1.1.1 Psychosomatic Theory........................................... 16 2.1.1.1.2 Externality Theory.................................................. 18 2.1.1.1.3 Restraint Theory..................................................... 20 2.1.1.2 Overeating Styles……………….................................... 21 2.1.1.2.1 Emotional Eating.................................................... 21 2.1.1.2.2 External Eating....................................................... 26 2.1.1.2.3 Restrained Eating................................................... 26 2.1.1.2.4 Measures of Overeating Styles............................... 27 2.1.1.2.4.1 The Dutch Eating Behavior 31 Questionnaire…………………………. 2.1.1.2.4.1.1 Emotional Eating…………. 32 2.1.1.2.4.1.2 External Eating……………. 33 2.1.1.2.4.1.3 Restrained Eating…………. 33 2.2 Health…………………………...…………………………………. 34 2.2.1 Body Fat…....………………………………….......................... 35 2.2.1.1 Measures of Body Fat........................................................ 35 2.2.1.1.1 The Body Mass Index............................................. 36 2.3 Personality….…………………...…………………………………. 38 2.3.1 Personality Traits……....…………………………………......... 39 2.3.1.1 Measures of Personality Traits........................................... 40 2.3.1.1.1 The Big Five Inventory.......................................... 45 2.3.1.1.1.1 Extraversion vs. Introversion…………. 46 2.3.1.1.1.2 Agreeableness vs. Antagonism………... 47 2.3.1.1.1.3 Conscientiousness vs. Lack of Direction 47 2.3.1.1.1.4 Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability…... 48 2.3.1.1.1.5 Openness vs. Closedness to Experience. 48 2.4 Personality Traits, BMI and Overeating Styles……………………. 49 2.4.1 Personality Traits and Overeating Styles………….................... 49 2.4.2 Body Fat Differences on Emotional Eating…………………… 54 2.4.3 Body Fat Differences on External Eating……………………… 55 2.4.4 Body Fat Differences on Restrained Eating…………………… 56 2.5 Hypotheses………………………………………………………... 57 Chapter III Method.……………………………………………………………… 61 3.1 Introduction……………………………………………………… 61 3.2 Design……………………………………………………………. 61 3.3 Participants………………………………………………………. 61 3.4 Materials………………………………………………………..... 62 3.5 Procedure………………………………………………………… 65 3.6 Analysis………………………………………………………….. 65 Chapter IV Findings……………………………………………………………… 66 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………… 66 4.2 Results of the Application of the Method………………………… 66 4.3 Descriptive Statistics of Main Variables …………………….…… 66 4.3.1 Descriptive Statistics of the Personality Dimension Extraversion vs. Introversion…………………………… 66 4.3.2 Descriptive Statistics of the Personality Dimension Agreeableness vs. Antagonism…………………………… 67 4.3.3 Descriptive Statistics of the Personality Dimension Conscientiousness vs. Lack of Direction…………………… 67 4.3.4 Descriptive Statistics of the Personality Dimension Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability……………………… 68 4.3.5 Descriptive Statistics of the Personality Dimension Openness vs. Closedness to Experience…………………… 68 4.3.6 Descriptive Statistics of BMI……………………………….. 69 4.3.7 Descriptive Statistics of Restrained Eating………...……….. 69 4.3.8 Descriptive Statistics of Emotional Eating………...……….. 70 4.3.9 Descriptive Statistics of External Eating………...……….. 70 4.4 Normality Assessment of Main Variables ……………………..… 71 4.4.1 Normality Assessment of the Personality Dimension Extraversion vs. Introversion…………………………… 72 4.4.2 Normality Assessment of the Personality Dimension Agreeableness vs. Antagonism…………………………… 72 4.4.3 Normality Assessment of the Personality Dimension Conscientiousness vs. Lack of Direction…………………… 73 4.4.4 Normality Assessment of the Personality Dimension Neuroticism vs. Emotional Stability……………………… 73 4.4.5 Normality Assessment of the Personality Dimension Openness vs. Closedness to Experience…………………… 74 4.4.6 Normality Assessment of BMI……………………………… 74 4.4.7 Normality Assessment of Restrained Eating………...……… 75 4.4.8 Normality Assessment of Emotional Eating………...……… 75 4.4.9 Normality Assessment of External Eating………...……….. 76 4.5 Test of Hypotheses…………………………………….………….. 77 Chapter V Discussion……………………………………………………………. 84 5.1 Discussion of Descriptive Analysis……………………………... 84 5.2 Discussion of Test of Hypothesis……………………………….. 85 Chapter VI Conclusions…………………………………………………………... 91 6.1 Main Conclusions…………………………………………………. 91 6.2 Implications………………………………………………………. 92 6.3 Strengths and Limitations………………………………................ 94 6.4 Suggestions for Future Research………………………………... 94 References………………………………………………………………………….. 100 Appendix A…………………………………………………………………………. 121 Appendix B…………………………………………………………………………. 159 Appendix C…………………………………………………………………………. 160 PERSONALITY AND BODY FAT AS PREDICTORS 5 Abstract Onwuegbuzie and Wilson (2003) found that 80% of psychology undergraduate students report some level of statistics anxiety caused by self-perceived stress. Constant et al. (2018) found that one common way how young adults cope with experience of negative emotions is overeating. Rolls, Morris and Roe (2002) mentioned that there are overeating in response to external factors while Werthheim, Paxton & Blaney (2009) report that they overeat because of dieting. However, some researchers Heavan et al., (2001) or Elfhag and Morey (2008) mentioned that personality and body fat might play a role in these overeating styles. Therefore, are overeating eating styles influenced by personality traits and body fat? In the current study overeating was operationalized in terms of restrained, emotional and external eating styles and assessed via van Strien et al. 1986’s Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Moreover, personality was operationalized in terms in of the Big Five personality dimension and assessed by John and Srivastava’s (1999) Big Five Inventory. In addition, body fat was operationalized in terms of body mass index. This is a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional study conducted with 216 students in a non-clinical study population at University of New York in Prague, Czech Republic. Regression analyses showed that Neuroticism and body fat significantly positively predicted emotional eating while higher scores on Neuroticism, Extraversion and higher weight were identified as significant predictors of higher scores on external eating. Moreover, none of personality traits nor body fat significantly predicted restrained eating. Practical implications, limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are outlined at the end of the study. PERSONALITY AND BODY FAT AS PREDICTORS 6 Introduction Being in a college is a challenging experience. For some, it’s a time of enjoyment and a chance to build long-life friendships for others it may cause a lot of stress. For instance, Onwuegbuzie and Wilson (2003) found that 80% of psychology undergraduate students report some level of statistics anxiety caused by self-perceived stress. One common way how young adults cope with experience of negative emotions is overeating. Bruch (1973) coined this specific overeating style as emotional eating. Recently, Constant et al. (2018) studied eating behaviors in 335 female university students with normal weight. Four to five respondents in ten reported that they overeat in response to negative emotions such as anxiety (51.3%), loneliness (45.1%) or sadness (44.8%) mostly during one to five days in the last 28 days. Laitinen, Ek and Sovio (2002) in epidemiological study with 2359 men and 2791 women found that 30 % of women and 25% of men report that they overeat when experiencing negative emotions – specifically stress. Previous research has linked emotional eating with various indicators of psychopathology such as depression, anxiety, negative self-concept, difficulties in interpersonal relationships, poor health outcomes and increased weight (Gibson, 2006; Wardle, 2006, van Strien, 1996 ). Besides internal factors, eating behaviors can be affected by the environment. So called“ obesogenic environment” refers to all environmental cues that promote overconsumption while encourage reduction of energy expenditure ( Hill, Wyatt, Reed & Peters, 2014). According to Hill et al. (2014) the environmental factors contributing to overconsumption are” wide variety of good-tasting, inexpensive, energy-dense foods and the serving of these foods in large portions” (pg. 853). Western society has replaced traditional food preparation and family dining for dining out , to save time. One popular way how young adults deal with this “ paradox of living in instant age” is going to fast PERSONALITY AND BODY FAT AS PREDICTORS 7 food restaurants. Having lunch in McDonald’s takes just few minutes and is cheap. Indeed, Dingman et al. (2014) report that 23% of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Emotional Eating: the Ways We Eat Our Feelings
    Emotional Eating: The ways we eat our feelings Dealing with emotions can be confusing and often difficult. Sometimes we use food as a way to cope when dealing with difficult feelings. This may comfort or distract us How does emotionally from our emotions for the moment. But, this may be getting in the way of our goals to eating help me? lose weight and prevent type 2 diabetes. • It tastes good Emotional eating doesn’t just happen. It’s triggered by unwanted or • It is exciting uncomfortable feelings that we don’t know how to deal with or want to deal • It is reliable, and it is with. The first step in dealing with emotional eating is to recognize our triggers. always there Common emotional eating triggers • It keeps me from feeling lonely or bored There are several types of emotional eating triggers, and these triggers may cause • It soothes me you to overeat in different ways. The following lists the most common emotional triggers and has examples on how to change eating habits. • It numbs my negative feelings Here is a list of some common triggers for emotional eating Stress Reward Bribery How does emotionally Loneliness Boredom Sadness eating hurt me? Frustration Depression Nervousness • It makes me Anger Anxiety Spite overweight • It causes my clothes If you can recognize and identify your triggers, you can create solutions to help to not fit avoid emotional eating. Use the spaces below to identify your triggers or write solutions for your triggers in order to avoid emotional eating. • It makes me feel uncomfortable when Eating for distraction: This is simply eating for pleasure and enjoyment.
    [Show full text]
  • Responding to Emotional Eating While We Eat for Physical Hunger, We Also Want to Recognize the Other Reasons We Eat
    Responding to Emotional Eating While we eat for physical hunger, we also want to recognize the other reasons we eat. It may be to celebrate achievements or special occasions or to mourn a loss. It could be in response to feeling stressed, bored, anxious, happy, or even excited. Emotional eating is when we eat food in reaction to emotion, not just for physical hunger. Individuals of all ages – from teens to older adults – may experience emotional eating in their lives. While it can be perceived as a shameful habit, emotional eating is a normal response to life’s experiences, and we can embrace it as such. We can also consider a few practical ways to protect both our physical and mental health in response to emotional eating. • Reassess your environment. Do you eat emotionally on weekends? After a long day? Only in your house and never out? Considering your environment helps you plan accordingly so you are not eating emotionally in an impulsive or reactive manner, but in an intentional way. • Understand what leads you to eat emotionally. Are there patterns in your eating? It may be helpful to write down what you are eating and what experience led you to emotional eating in the first place. This will allow you to notice and respond in a more healthful way. • Account for your feelings. Feeling sad? Lonely? Bored? Anxious? Consider the best way to acknowledge these feelings and implement self-care measures to ease emotions. Sometimes food can help, but often it’s not enough to cope with strong emotions.
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Compassion and Mindfulness Differentially Predict Eating Behaviors Among Emerging Adults Tosca Braun University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected]
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Master's Theses University of Connecticut Graduate School 7-1-2015 Self-Compassion and Mindfulness Differentially Predict Eating Behaviors Among Emerging Adults Tosca Braun University of Connecticut - Storrs, [email protected] Recommended Citation Braun, Tosca, "Self-Compassion and Mindfulness Differentially Predict Eating Behaviors Among Emerging Adults" (2015). Master's Theses. 792. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/792 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Connecticut Graduate School at OpenCommons@UConn. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of OpenCommons@UConn. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Self-Compassion and Mindfulness Differentially Predict Eating Behaviors Among Emerging Adults Tosca D. Braun B.A., SUNY Empire State College, 2011 B.A., Reed College, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts At the University of Connecticut 2015 ! ii! APPROVAL PAGE Master’s of Arts Thesis Self-Compassion and Mindfulness Differentially Predict Eating Behaviors Among Emerging Adults Presented by Tosca D. Braun, B.A. Major Advisor: ___________________________________________________________ Crystal Park Associate Advisor: ________________________________________________________ Amy Gorin Associate Advisor: ________________________________________________________ Diane Quinn University of Connecticut 2015 ! ! iii! Abstract Objectives: Poor eating behaviors (EB) and food cravings (FC) represent risk factors for obesity and related outcomes. Mindfulness and self-compassion (SC) have been individually linked to healthful EB in prior research, representing salient intervention targets. While conceptualized as having health behavioral self-regulatory benefits, no research has examined these variables’ differential contributions to EB and FC.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexuality in Eating Disorders Patients: Etiological Factors, Sexual Dysfunction and Identity Issues
    Horm Mol Biol Clin Invest 2015; x(x): xxx–xxx Giovanni Castellini, Lorenzo Lelli, Valdo Ricca and Mario Maggi* Sexuality in eating disorders patients: etiological factors, sexual dysfunction and identity issues. A systematic review DOI 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0055 an association between sexual orientation and gender dys- Received October 20, 2015; accepted November 24, 2015 phoria with EDs psychopathology and pathological eating behaviors, confirming the validity of research developing Q1: Abstract: The scientific community appears to be less new models of maintaining factors of EDs related to the Some edito- interested in sexuality of eating disorders (EDs) as com- rial assis- topic of self-identity. pared to other psychiatric or medical comorbidities. tance has been given However, a clear association between sexual problems Keywords: eating disorders; gender identity; puberty; to improve and ED psychopathology was reported from different per- sexuality; sexual abuse; sexual dysfunction; sexual the clarity of spectives. The overarching goal of this systematic review orientation. this article - was to evaluate the general approach of the scientific please check and confirm literature toward the topic of sexuality and EDs. In par- that none of ticular, four different categories of research have been your original individuated, encompassing the role of puberty, and Introduction meaning has sexual abuse in the pathogenesis of the disorders, sexual been lost or Eating disorders (EDs) are severe psychiatric syndromes dysfunctions, and the association between sexual orienta- misconstrued affecting especially young women. In most cases, EDs have tion and EDs psychopathology. Timing of puberty with its a long lasting duration (longer than 2 years) and a chronic hormonal consequences and the changes in the way per- course [1, 2].
    [Show full text]
  • Stress and Emotional Eating
    Stress and Emotional Eating Everyday life can bring about stress at any time. Negative responses to stress can be detrimental to your Whether it is a deadline at work or just trying to get all health, both physically and mentally. your errands run before the morning rush, we all face stress, and how each of us deals with it is a personal What Is Emotional Eating? choice. Emotional eating is a way many people cope with Emotional eating is consuming foods in response to negative feelings such as depression, anxiety, loneliness, emotions, especially negative emotions, instead of hunger. stress, and boredom. We consume unhealthy foods or These are common signs of emotional eating: unhealthy amounts of food to hide negative thoughts • Obsessing about food and feelings. Knowing what causes us to turn to food in a stressful time is important in preventing emotional eating • Using food as a reward patterns. It is also important for us to be able to recognize • Binge eating emotional eating and how to deal with it. • Impulsive eating What Is Stress? • Out-of-control consumption Stress is a general term for any stimulus, either • Inability to stop eating/continuing to eat when full psychological (affecting the mind) or physiological (affecting the body), that requires a response or adaptation. • Hiding evidence of eating/eating in private The human body faces stress daily and even requires a • Feelings of guilt or remorse after eating certain amount of stress in order to thrive. There are both • Disconnection from physical signals of hunger good and bad forms of stress, though too much stress of and fullness any kind can be damaging to the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Associations Between Child Emotional Eating and General Parenting Style, Feeding Practices, and Parent Psychopathology Abby Braden A,*, Kyung Rhee A, Carol B
    Appetite 80 (2014) 35–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Appetite journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/appet Research report Associations between child emotional eating and general parenting style, feeding practices, and parent psychopathology Abby Braden a,*, Kyung Rhee a, Carol B. Peterson b, Sarah A. Rydell c, Nancy Zucker d,e, Kerri Boutelle a,f a Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA b Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA c School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA d Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA e Psychology and Neuroscience Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA f Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Emotional eating is the tendency to eat in response to negative emotions. Prior research has identified a Received 14 July 2013 relationship between parenting style and child emotional eating, but this has not been examined in clin- Received in revised form 17 March 2014 ical samples. Furthermore, the relationship between specific parenting practices (e.g., parent feeding prac- Accepted 11 April 2014 tices) and child emotional eating has not yet been investigated. The current study examined relationships Available online 26 April 2014 between child emotional eating and both general and specific parenting constructs as well as maternal symptoms of depression and binge eating among a treatment-seeking sample of overweight children. Keywords: Participants included 106 mother–child dyads who attended a baseline assessment for enrollment in a Emotional eating Parenting behavioral intervention for overeating.
    [Show full text]
  • Attentional Sub-Processes Involved with Emotional Eating
    University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Spring 5-18-2018 Attentional Sub-Processes Involved with Emotional Eating Gregory Denke [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the Biological Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Denke, Gregory, "Attentional Sub-Processes Involved with Emotional Eating" (2018). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 2455. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2455 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Attentional Sub-Processes Involved with Emotional Eating A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Psychology Biopsychology by Gregory Denke B.A. University of Southern Maine, 2012 M.S. University of
    [Show full text]
  • Health and Wellness News You Can Use
    Health and Wellness News You Can Use Take control of emotional eating Emotional eating (or stress eating) is Food also serves as a distraction from using food to make yourself feel better the real problems facing an emotional — eating to satisfy emotional needs, eater’s life. For instance, if an individual rather than to satisfy physical hunger. is worried about a big presentation at Researchers have linked stress to work or just had a fight with a spouse, weight gain, and according to an comfort foods can calm nerves and American Psychological Association suppress feelings of anxiety. Instead of survey, about 25% of Americans rate worrying about the problems, the eater their stress level as eight or more on a is fixated on the positive feeling of 10-point scale. The hormones that eating. Yet, once done eating, the stress unleashes, in addition to the emotional eater focuses not only on effects of high-fat or sugary “comfort their problems again but also on how foods,” push people toward overeating much they overate. This leads to more and unhealthy weight gain. grief in the long run. y Identify triggers. Keep a food Emotional eating is a common Characteristics of an psychological problem for both men journal and write down everything emotional eater and women. To curb this issue, the root that you eat, how you felt of why someone eats must be detected y Eating when feeling strong emotions emotionally right before eating and before the eating will stop. Food is such as anger and depression caused how you felt when you were done commonly used as a coping by an event unrelated, or eating eating.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Emotional Dysregulation and Childhood Trauma in Emotional Eating Behavior Crossmark
    January 2018, Volume 6, Number 1 Research Paper: Role of Emotional Dysregulation and Childhood Trauma in Emotional Eating Behavior CrossMark Negin Ansari1*, Shima Shakiba1, Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi1, Parvaneh Mohammadkhani1, Sarah Aminoroaya1, Naser Sabzain Poor2 1. Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran. Use your device to scan and read the article online Citation: Ansari, N., Shakiba, Sh., Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, M., Mohammadkhani, P., Aminoroaya, S., & Sabzain Poor, N. (2018). Role of Emotional Dysregulation and Childhood Trauma in Emotional Eating Behavior. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 6(1), 21-28. : Article info: A B S T R A C T Received: 11 May 2017 Accepted: 19 Sep. 2017 Objective: Many people, especially women, indulge in eating unhealthy food to cope with stress. Emotional eating may contribute to obesity and different eating disorders like bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the role of emotion dysregulation in emotional eating behavior. Methods: A sample of 700 adults between the ages of 18 to 50 years was selected via purposeful sampling method. The participants completed Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a significant and positive correlation between emotion dysregulation and emotional eating behavior (r=0.30; P<0.001). Also, there was a significant and positive correlation between childhood trauma and emotional eating behavior Keywords: (r=0.19; P<0.001).
    [Show full text]
  • Emotional Eating & How to Stop It
    Emotional Eating & How to Stop It Adapted from a Help Guide article by Melinda Smith, M.A., Jeanne Segal Ph.D., and Robert Segal, M.A. Last updated: September 2019. Do you eat to feel better or relieve stress? These tips can help you stop emotional eating, fight cravings, identify your triggers and find more satisfying ways to feed your feelings. https://www.barimelts.com/blogs/our-blog/how-to-stop-emotional-eating What is Emotional Eating? ➢ We don’t always eat just to satisfy physical hunger. Many of us also turn to food for comfort, stress relief, or to reward ourselves. And when we do, we tend to reach for junk food, sweets, and other comforting but unhealthy foods. You might reach for a pint of ice cream when you’re feeling down, order a pizza if you’re bored or lonely, or swing by the drive through after a stressful day at work. ➢ Emotional eating is using food to make yourself feel better—to fill emotional needs, rather than your stomach. Unfortunately, emotional eating doesn’t fix emotional problems. In fact, it usually makes you feel worse. Afterward, not only does the original emotional issue remain, but you also feel guilty for overeating. Answering “yes” to any of these questions are signs of emotional eating. 1. Do you eat more when you’re feeling stressed? 2. Do you eat when you’re not hungry or when you are full? 3. Do you eat to feel better-- to calm and sooth yourself when you’re feeling sad, mad, bored, anxious, etc.? 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Steps to Overcome Emotional Eating
    Simple Steps To Overcome Emotional Eating Simple Steps To Overcome Emotional Eating By Dr. Sarah Allen Page 2 of 14 Copyright © 2013 Dr. Sarah Allen all rights reserved. Please do not copy or distribute. www.drsarahallen.com Simple Steps To Overcome Emotional Eating TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… 4 Step 1. Find Out If You Are an Emotional Eater & What Type ….… 5 Step 2. What Is The Difference Between Bingeing, Binge Eating Disorder & Bulimia?................................................ 8 Step 3. Learn the Difference between Emotional Hunger & Physical Hunger……………………………………………………………….……. 9 Step 4. Identify Your Emotions Before You Eat ………………………….10 Step 5. Alternatives to Emotional Eating …….…………………………….11 Step 6. Learn To Accept Your Feelings—Even the Bad Ones ………12 Step 7. How Does Counseling For Emotional Eating Work? ……….13 About The Author ……………………………………………………………………..14 Page 3 of 14 Copyright © 2013 Dr. Sarah Allen all rights reserved. Please do not copy or distribute. www.drsarahallen.com Simple Steps To Overcome Emotional Eating Hi There, Thank you for downloading my free booklet. If you have got this far you are probably struggling to have a healthy relationship with food. Men and women of all ages, shapes and sizes can experience emotional eating. This term is used when your eating habits are affected by your emotions in some way, usually with negative consequences such as weight gain or feelings of shame and guilt. Let’s Identify the Problem Have you ever found yourself standing in front of the fridge searching for something to eat, even though you are not hungry? Or do you want crunchy snack food when you feel angry, but not hungry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Emotional Eating, Emotion
    THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL EATING, EMOTION REGULATION, AND MATERNAL PARENTING BEHAVIORS IN AFRICAN- AMERICAN FEMALE CAREGIVER-ADOLESCENT DYADS by SARAH A. MASON Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Thesis Advisor: Dr. Amy Przeworski, Dr. H. Gerry Taylor Department of Psychology CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY May, 2011 2 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Sarah A. Mason candidate for the Masters degree *. (signed) H. Gerry Taylor, Ph.D. (chair of committee) Amy Przeworski, Ph.D. Carolyn Ievers-Landis, Ph.D. Arin Connell, Ph.D. (date) January 6th, 2011 *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. 3 Table of Contents List of Tables 4 List of Figures 5 Abstract 6 Introduction 7 Method 28 Results 39 Discussion 42 Tables 50 Figures 59 References 62 4 List of Tables Table 1. Participant Demographic Characteristics 50 Table 2. Eligibility Criteria for Enrolling Participants 51 Table 3. Rotated Factor Matrix of the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents 52 Table 4. Intercorrelation Matrix: Adolescent Demographic Characteristics, Predictors, and Outcomes 53 Table 5. Distribution of Adolescents’ Weight Status 54 Table 6. Distribution of Female Caregiver’ Reported Weight Status 55 Table 7. Results of Hierarchical Regression Relating Background Factors, Lability/Negative Emotion, and Emotion Regulation to Emotional Eating in Adolescents 56 Table 8. Results of Hierarchical Regression Relating Background Factors, Lability/Negative Emotion, and Emotion Regulation to Emotional Eating in Adolescents 57 Table 9. Results of Hierarchical Regression Relating Background Factors and Maternal Parenting Variables to Emotional Eating in Adolescents 58 5 List of Figures Figure 1.
    [Show full text]