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Canadian English: a Linguistic Reader
Occasional Papers Number 6 Strathy Language Unit Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader Edited by Elaine Gold and Janice McAlpine Occasional Papers Number 6 Strathy Language Unit Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario Canadian English: A Linguistic Reader Edited by Elaine Gold and Janice McAlpine © 2010 Individual authors and artists retain copyright. Strathy Language Unit F406 Mackintosh-Corry Hall Queen’s University Kingston ON Canada K7L 3N6 Acknowledgments to Jack Chambers, who spearheaded the sociolinguistic study of Canadian English, and to Margery Fee, who ranges intrepidly across the literary/linguistic divide in Canadian Studies. This book had its beginnings in the course readers that Elaine Gold compiled while teaching Canadian English at the University of Toronto and Queen’s University from 1999 to 2006. Some texts gathered in this collection have been previously published. These are included here with the permission of the authors; original publication information appears in a footnote on the first page of each such article or excerpt. Credit for sketched illustrations: Connie Morris Photo credits: See details at each image Contents Foreword v A Note on Printing and Sharing This Book v Part One: Overview and General Characteristics of Canadian English English in Canada, J.K. Chambers 1 The Name Canada: An Etymological Enigma, 38 Mark M. Orkin Canadian English (1857), 44 Rev. A. Constable Geikie Canadian English: A Preface to the Dictionary 55 of Canadian English (1967), Walter S. Avis The -
Unit 3: After Confederation
Gr7SS-Ch9.QXP5 4/13/06 10:41 AM Page 269 Unit 3: After Confederation Coming Up in Unit 3 A certain idea of citizenship shaped Confederation in 1867. Since 1867, this idea has faced challenges, and continues to face challenges today. • How have events and policies since Confederation shaped Canadian society? • What ideas of citizenship have shaped Canada since Confederation? Unit 3 at a Glance Chapter 9: The Métis Rise Up The Red River Métis had lasting effects on western Canada, and raised lasting questions about what it means to be a “Canadian.” Chapter 10: Western Expansion and the National Policy A deliberate policy to populate the west added a variety of new cultures to Canada’s already diverse society. How did the migrations of people it generated shape Canada? 269 Gr7SS-Ch9.QXP5 4/13/06 10:41 AM Page 270 Canada: Origins • Peoples • Perspectives Chapter 11: Citizenship in an Evolving Society Since Confederation, Canadian society has wrestled with ideas of citizenship. What does it mean to belong to Canadian society? Who belongs today, and how did they come to belong? What impact has technology and the growth of cities had on this issue? 270 Gr7SS-Ch9.QXP5 4/13/06 10:41 AM Page 271 CHAPTER 9 The Métis Rise Up What’s Chapter 9 About? People often say that the way you behave in a crisis shows a lot about who you are. Canada faced a crisis soon after it became a country. The crisis happened because Canada planned to expand west, but did not consult the people who already lived in the west. -
Music, Power, and Relations: Fiddling As a Meeting Place
MUSIC, POWER, AND RELATIONS: FIDDLING AS A MEETING PLACE BETWEEN RE-SETTLERS AND INDIGENOUS NATIONS IN MANITOBA MONIQUE GIROUX A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MUSIC YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO JUNE 2013 © Monique Giroux, 2013 Abstract This dissertation examines fiddling as a meeting place between Turtle Island's Indigenous nations and Manitoba's re-settler population. Based on archival research, interviews, and fieldwork in Manitoba, it argues that fiddling both reflects the broader relationship between Indigenous nations and re-settlers (which is marked by an unequal distribution of power) and is used to remake this relationship. The first section focuses on Indigenous fiddling. Using mainstream (re-settler) newspaper articles from the early twentieth century to the present day, it examines re-settler representations of Indigenous fiddlers and fiddling; it also explores Metisfest, a contemporary Metis rendezvous that functions as a space for Metis cultural resurgence, using fiddling as a central 'draw'. The next section considers the old-time scene by providing a working definition of the style, exploring fiddle contests, and addressing a number of key tensions in the old-time fiddle community. It argues that old-time fiddling functions as an unmarked centre that reinforces an unequal relationship between nations; at the same time, it acknowledges the significant contributions made by Indigenous fiddlers to Manitoba's old-time scene. The final section focuses on the Manitoba Open Old Time Fiddle Championships, a fiddle competition that explicitly brings old-time and Metis (style) fiddling together through the inclusion of a Metis-style category. -
By KRISTI WEISS FUOCO B.Mus., Mount Allison University, 2003 A
METIS FIDDLING AT THE BORDERS OF CANADIAN TRADITION by KRISTI WEISS FUOCO B.Mus., Mount Allison University, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Music) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2007 © Kristi Weiss Fuoco, 2007 Abstract The tradition of Metis fiddling in Canada is an integral yet relatively unknown historical practice that has been handed down through the generations. The rich combination of European culture and Aboriginal culture of Western Canada created a new and distinct group of people, the Metis, who played an important role in shaping Canada's history. - Through a combination of Aboriginal dancing and dnirnming traditions, mixed with the Celtic and French fiddle, what is known today as Metis fiddling emerged. The tradition has been kept alive by the dedication of the older generation who pass it down orally to those willing to learn it, and through festivals and competitions that are becoming more widespread every year. In this thesis I will examine the history of the Metis and their fiddling tradition, the important role it plays in their culture and the close relationship between the fiddle and dance. My research is a combination of ethnographic, historical, cultural and musical analysis that combines to create a comprehensive study of Metis < fiddling in Western Canada. As the Metis population is comparatively small in Canada, and often forgotten, there has not been extensive research conducted into the musical culture of the Metis, particularly the fiddling tradition. Recordings and books which " examine this music are not numerous or easy to find. -
Indian Studies 221.3 Introduction to Métis History North Battleford Métis Social Work Program – 1997 Instructors: Leah Dorion and Darren Préfontaine
Indian Studies 221.3 Introduction to Métis History North Battleford Métis Social Work Program – 1997 Instructors: Leah Dorion and Darren Préfontaine Course Description: This course surveys the historical development of the Métis as a distinct culture and society. It will examine the role of the Métis in the development of fur trade and in Canadian society. The course also overviews the Métis experience in the armed struggles of 1870 and 1885. Major Course Themes: In this course, there are several important reoccurring themes and concepts, including: assimilation, diversity, cultural persistence and survival, adaptation and identity. During this course you will be able to give examples of these themes and concepts in relation to Métis history and society. Objectives: The course’s objectives are to: • Acquire some basic understanding of Métissage and Ethnogenesis, race and ethnicity. • Identify the major fur companies, the establishment of trading networks and the roles played by First Nations and Métis men and women in this system. • Examine the rise of Métis nationalism within the fur trade. • Outline the role of Louis Riel and the Métis in the creation of the Province of Manitoba. • Discuss the Métis’ petitions for land rights, the creation of a Batoche Provisional 1 Government and the subsequent armed conflict in 1885. • Understand the dispossession of the Métis after 1885 and the creation of the Road Allowance People. • Identify the Métis settlements and farming colonies in the 1940s. • Appreciate the complexity and vitality of Métis identity today. • Learn about where and when Western-Canadian Métis society originated. • Understand the reasoning behind the creation of the Métis and Non-Status Indian movement. -
Indigenous Matters: Cultures, Technologies, Mediations
MediaTropes eJournal Vol VII, No 1 (2017): i–xx ISSN 1913-6005 EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION INDIGENOUS MATTERS: CULTURES, TECHNOLOGIES, MEDIATIONS TAD LEMIEUX Consider a photograph of a skinny polar bear taken on Baffin Island, Nunavut, in late August 2017.1 The photo was released by National Geographic (NatGeo) in early December 2017, accompanied by a video overlaid with somber piano music and text that read in part: “This is what climate change looks like.” The photo depicted an emaciated bear dragging its hind legs on an “iceless land,” its head down, its bones protruding, “staggering” toward an “abandoned fishing camp” to eat a piece of foam from a snowmobile seat.2 The photo and video have since been viewed and shared millions of times across a range of social and traditional media platforms. While a post made on Instagram by NatGeo admitted that the cause of the bear’s emaciation could not be gleaned from the photo, it still named the photo the #FaceOfClimateChange. On the same day, in a post geolocated from Beijing, Canadian Environment Minister Catherine McKenna wrote on Twitter: “THIS is what climate change looks like. Climate change is real. As are its impacts. Time to stand up for our polar bears and our planet.”3 1 The photo was taken by National Geographic photographer Paul Nicklen, along with documentarians from the conservation group Sea Legacy, which is “on a mission to create healthy and abundant oceans” by sending “the world’s best photographers and filmmakers on expedition [to] capture the beauty below the surface of our oceans and the threats to its survival” (https://act.sealegacy.org/tide). -
The Community Conundrum: Metis Critical Perspectives on the Application of R V Powley in British Columbia
The Community Conundrum: Metis Critical Perspectives on the Application of R v Powley in British Columbia by Karen L. Sloan B.A., University of British Columbia, 1989 M.A., University of British Columbia, 1991 LL.B., University of Calgary, 1998 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Law Karen L. Sloan, 2016 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee The Community Conundrum: Metis Critical Perspectives on the Application of R v Powley in British Columbia by Karen L. Sloan B.A., University of British Columbia, 1989 M.A., University of British Columbia, 1991 LL.B., University of Calgary, 1998 Supervisory Committee John Borrows, Faculty of Law Supervisor Hamar Foster, Faculty of Law Committee Member Jean Barman University of British Columbia Department of Educational Studies Additional Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee John Borrows, Faculty of Law Supervisor Hamar Foster, Faculty of Law Committee Member Jean Barman University of British Columbia Department of Educational Studies Additional Member In this dissertation I argue for the need to develop a Metis Critical Legal Theory, or “MetCrit”, a theory that is particular to the cultures, issues and concerns of Metis people. Suggestions towards the development of MetCrit are proposed in light of the difficulties of Metis rights claimants in British Columbia following creation of the “historic community connection” test in R v Powley, the leading case on the constitutional protection of Metis rights in Canada.