Polymer Information on STN a Quick Reference Guide
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2 a Primer on Polymer Colloids: Structure, Synthesis and Colloidal Stability
A. Al Shboul, F. Pierre, and J. P. Claverie 2 A primer on polymer colloids: structure, synthesis and colloidal stability 2.1 Introduction A colloid is a dispersion of very fine objects in a fluid [1]. These objects can be solids, liquids or gas, and the corresponding colloidal dispersion is then referred to as sus- pension, emulsion or foam. Colloids possess unique characteristics. For example, as their size is smaller than the wavelength of light, they scatter light. They also offer a large interfacial surface area, meaning that interfacial phenomena are of paramount importance in these dispersions. The weight of each dispersed particle being small, gravity and buoyancy forces are not sufficient to counteract the thermal random mo- tion of the particle, named Brownian motion (in tribute to the 19th century botanist Robert Brown who first characterized it). The particles do not remain in a dispersed state indefinitely: they will sooner or later aggregate (phase separation). Thus, thecol- loidal state is in general metastable and colloidal stability is one of the key features to take into account when working with colloids. Among all colloids, the polymer colloid family is one of the most widely inves- tigated [2]. Polymer colloids are used for a large number of applications, ranging from coatings, adhesives, inks, impact modifiers, drug-delivery vehicles, etc. The particles range in size from about 10 nm to 1 000 nm (1 μm) in diameter. They are usually spherical, but numerous other shapes have been observed. Polymer colloids are not uncommon in nature. For example, natural rubber latex, the secretion of the Hevea brasiliensis tree, is in fact a dispersion of polyisoprene nanoparticles in wa- ter. -
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
CAS REGISTRY: Finding CAS Registry Numbers
STN® Quick Reference Card CAS REGISTRYSM: Finding CAS Registry Numbers® When you know the Substance Name Field Use Example /CN Use when you know the complete => E BENZOIC ACID/CN Chemical substance name. EXPAND first to => E “BICYCLO(2.2.1)HEPTANE”/CN Name determine if the name is in the database. Basic Index Use when you know segments of the => S FLUOROMETHYL name or don’t know how the name => S “2,2’” (W) BIPYRID? segments go together. => S PYRIDINE (XW) DICARBOXY? /CNS Use when you want to search for a => S ?MYCIN?/CNS Chemical Name character string embedded in a trade => S ?QUAT/CNS Segments name. Use left and right truncation to search for an embedded character string. Use when you want to require that a => S CHLOROPHENYL/CNS name segment is not part of a larger => S HEXANEDIOIC (XW) segment. DIMETHYL/CNS /HP Use when you want to restrict the search => S 1-PROPANOL/HP Heading to a Heading Parent from a CA index => S 2-PYRIDINECARBO?/HP Parent name. /INS.HP Use when you want to restrict the search => S (PYRIDINE (XW) Index Name to name segments from the Heading CARBONITRIL?)/INS.HP part of a CA index name. Segments - Parent => S FLUOROMETHYL/INS.HP Heading Parent /INS.NHP Use when you want to restrict the search => S MORPHOL?/INS.NHP Index Name to name segments from the non- => S FLUOROMETHYL/INS.NHP Segments - part of a CA index Heading-Parent Non-Heading name. Parent /ONS Use when you want to restrict the search => S VINCAM?/ONS Other Name to name segments from names other => S (INDOLE(XW)AMIN?)/ONS Segments than CA index names such as semi- systematic names, trade names, common names, etc. -
The PO Production Chain and Possibilities for Energy Saving
The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving Public Summary Report Delft, January 2012 Author(s): Ewout Dönszelmann Ab de Buck Harry Croezen Lonneke Wielders Publication Data Bibliographical data: Ewout Dönszelmann, Ab de Buck, Harry Croezen, Lonneke Wielders The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving Public Summary Delft, CE Delft, January 2012 Energy saving / Chain Management / Products / Chemical industry / Propylene Oxide / Styrene / Iso-butylene FT: Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) Publication code: 12.2232.12 CE publications are available from www.cedelft.eu. Commissioned by: Agentschap NL Further information on this study can be obtained from the contact person, Ewout Dönszelmann. © copyright, CE Delft, Delft CE Delft Committed to the Environment CE Delft is an independent research and consultancy organisation specialised in developing structural and innovative solutions to environmental problems. CE Delft’s solutions are characterised in being politically feasible, technologically sound, economically prudent and socially equitable. 2 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 General background 5 1.2 The project 5 1.3 Approach 6 1.4 Reading guide 6 2 The production chains 7 2.1 The two processes 7 2.2 Expanded polystyrene 9 2.3 Polyols 11 2.4 TBA/iso-butylene applications 13 3 Conclusions, recommendations 17 3.1 Conclusions 17 3.2 Recommendations 17 4 Background of the Long-term Agreement Energy Efficiency ETS enterprises (LEE) 19 References 21 3 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 4 January 2012 2.232.3 – The PO production chain and possibilities for energy saving 1 Introduction 1.1 General background The Dutch Industry and the Dutch government have made long term agreements on energy efficiency (LEE) for companies that are under the European Trading Scheme (ETS). -
Entropy Driven Phase Transition in Polymer Gels: Mean Field Theory
entropy Article Entropy Driven Phase Transition in Polymer Gels: Mean Field Theory Miron Kaufman Physics Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; [email protected] Received: 16 April 2018; Accepted: 27 June 2018; Published: 30 June 2018 Abstract: We present a mean field model of a gel consisting of P polymers, each of length L and Nz polyfunctional monomers. Each polyfunctional monomer forms z covalent bonds with the 2P bifunctional monomers at the ends of the linear polymers. We find that the entropy dependence on the number of polyfunctional monomers exhibits an abrupt change at Nz = 2P/z due to the saturation of possible crosslinks. This non-analytical dependence of entropy on the number of polyfunctionals generates a first-order phase transition between two gel phases: one poor and the other rich in poly-functional molecules. Keywords: crosslinking entropy; saturation; discontinuous phase transition 1. Motivation A polymer gel like polyacrylamide changes the volumes by a large factor of ~1000 when a small quantity of solvent like acetone is added to the solution or when the temperature is varied slightly. Central to the understanding of this phase transition are the covalent crosslinks [1–5] between the linear chains. Polymer chains, such as in hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) immersed in a water solution, form hydrogen bonds with the water. As the temperature, the pH, or some other external condition is varied, there is a change in the strength of the hydrogen bonds that results in the formation or destruction of aggregates of crosslinked polymer chains. Light scattering experiments [6,7] are used to study the influence of the amount of crosslinkers on the properties of the gel phases. -
REGISTRY Database Summary Sheet (DBSS)
SM REGISTRY/ZREGISTRY (CAS REGISTRY ) Subject • All types of inorganic and organic substances, including alloys, coordination Coverage compounds, minerals, mixtures, polymers, salts, high throughput screening (HTS) compounds as well as nucleic acid and protein sequences • Substances included in REGISTRY meet the following criteria: - Identified by CAS as coming from a reputable source, including but not limited to patents, journals, chemical catalogs, and selected substance collections on the web - Described in largely unambiguous terms - Characterized by physical methods or described in a patent document example or claim - Consistent with the laws of atomic covalent organization • Experimental and predicted property data and tags and spectra data File Type Numeric, Structure Features Alerts (SDIs) Biweekly In addition, SMARTracker, an automatic crossfile current-awareness search, (SDI XFILE) using a REGISTRY search profile in CA, HCA, ZCA, CAplus, HCAplus or ZCAplus may be run weekly or biweekly (weekly is the default). CAS Registry Keep & Share SLART Number® Identifiers ® Learning Database STN Easy Structures Record • CAS Registry Numbers • Experimental and predicted property Content • CA index names and commonly used data and tags chemical names and trade names • Spectra • Molecular formulas • List of databases and regulatory listings • Structure diagrams containing information on the substances • Sequence data • Super roles and document type SM • Alloy composition tables information from CAplus • Classes for polymers • Displayable information for 10 most recent references for substances • Ring analysis data File Size More than 140 million organic and inorganic substances; more than 71.1 million sequences (4/18) Coverage Early 1800s to the present Updates Daily Language English Database Chemical Abstracts Service Producer 2540 Olentangy River Road P.O. -
Soft Condensed Matter Physics Programme Course 6 Credits Mjuka Material TFYA37 Valid From: 2018 Spring Semester
1(9) Soft Condensed Matter Physics Programme course 6 credits Mjuka material TFYA37 Valid from: 2018 Spring semester Determined by Board of Studies for Electrical Engineering, Physics and Mathematics Date determined LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY SOFT CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2(9) Main field of study Applied Physics, Physics Course level Second cycle Advancement level A1X Course offered for Biomedical Engineering, M Sc in Engineering Engineering Biology, M Sc in Engineering Entry requirements Note: Admission requirements for non-programme students usually also include admission requirements for the programme and threshold requirements for progression within the programme, or corresponding. Prerequisites Mandatory courses in mathematics and physics for the Y-program or equal. Intended learning outcomes The course will ive the student knowledge of the statistical physics of polymers, the chemical, geometrical and electronic structure of polymers as well as the structure, dynamics and processing of polymer solids. We will discuss condensed matter in the form of colloids, amphiphiles, liquid crystals, molecular crystals and biological matter. After the course, the student should be able to describe the geometry of polymer chains and their dynamics, and the mathematical description of these phenomena utilize thermodynamical analysis of phase transitions in polymers and polymer blends LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY SOFT CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 3(9) describe micro and nanostructure of polymer solutions and polymer blends describe amphiphile materials, colloids, foams and gels, liquid crystals Course content Polymers: terminology, chemical structures and polymerization, solid state structures, polymers in solution, colligative properties. Statistical physics of polymer chains: random coils, entropy measures, rubber physics. -
Shape Memory and Actuation Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymer Networks
Dipl.-Phys. Martin Bothe Shape Memory and Actuation Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymer Networks BAM-Dissertationsreihe • Band 121 Berlin 2014 Die vorliegende Arbeit entstand an der BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung. Impressum Shape Memory and Actuation Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymer Networks 2014 Herausgeber: BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Telefon: +49 30 8104-0 Telefax: +49 30 8112029 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bam.de Copyright © 2014 by BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Layout: BAM-Referat Z.8 ISSN 1613-4249 ISBN 978-3-9816668-1-6 Shape Memory and Actuation Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymer Networks vorgelegt von Dipl.-Phys. Martin Bothe aus Tubingen¨ von der Fakult¨at II – Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Technischen Universit¨at Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften – Dr. rer. nat. – genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Matthias Bickermann Gutachter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Michael Gradzielski Gutachter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Michael Maskos Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 16.07.2014 Berlin 2014 D 83 Für meine Familie Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can change their shape on application of a suitable stimulus. To enable such behavior, a ‘programming’ procedure fixes a deformation, yielding a stable tem- porary shape. In thermoresponsive SMPs, subsequent heating triggers entropy-elastic recovery of the initial shape. An additional shape change on cooling, i.e. thermoreversible two-way actuation, can be stimulated by a crystallization phenomenon. In this thesis, cyclic thermomechanical measurements systematically determined (1) the shape memory and (2) the actuation behavior under constant load as well as under stress-free condi- tions. -
Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual POLYMER EXEMPTION GUIDANCE MANUAL
United States Office of Pollution EPA 744-B-97-001 Environmental Protection Prevention and Toxics June 1997 Agency (7406) Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual POLYMER EXEMPTION GUIDANCE MANUAL 5/22/97 A technical manual to accompany, but not supersede the "Premanufacture Notification Exemptions; Revisions of Exemptions for Polymers; Final Rule" found at 40 CFR Part 723, (60) FR 16316-16336, published Wednesday, March 29, 1995 Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 401 M St., SW., Washington, DC 20460-0001 Copies of this document are available through the TSCA Assistance Information Service at (202) 554-1404 or by faxing requests to (202) 554-5603. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF EQUATIONS............................ ii LIST OF FIGURES............................. ii LIST OF TABLES ............................. ii 1. INTRODUCTION ............................ 1 2. HISTORY............................... 2 3. DEFINITIONS............................. 3 4. ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS ...................... 4 4.1. MEETING THE DEFINITION OF A POLYMER AT 40 CFR §723.250(b)... 5 4.2. SUBSTANCES EXCLUDED FROM THE EXEMPTION AT 40 CFR §723.250(d) . 7 4.2.1. EXCLUSIONS FOR CATIONIC AND POTENTIALLY CATIONIC POLYMERS ....................... 8 4.2.1.1. CATIONIC POLYMERS NOT EXCLUDED FROM EXEMPTION 8 4.2.2. EXCLUSIONS FOR ELEMENTAL CRITERIA........... 9 4.2.3. EXCLUSIONS FOR DEGRADABLE OR UNSTABLE POLYMERS .... 9 4.2.4. EXCLUSIONS BY REACTANTS................ 9 4.2.5. EXCLUSIONS FOR WATER-ABSORBING POLYMERS........ 10 4.3. CATEGORIES WHICH ARE NO LONGER EXCLUDED FROM EXEMPTION .... 10 4.4. MEETING EXEMPTION CRITERIA AT 40 CFR §723.250(e) ....... 10 4.4.1. THE (e)(1) EXEMPTION CRITERIA............. 10 4.4.1.1. LOW-CONCERN FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND THE (e)(1) EXEMPTION................. -
Chemical Name Federal P Code CAS Registry Number Acutely
Acutely / Extremely Hazardous Waste List Federal P CAS Registry Acutely / Extremely Chemical Name Code Number Hazardous 4,7-Methano-1H-indene, 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro- P059 76-44-8 Acutely Hazardous 6,9-Methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin, 6,7,8,9,10,10- hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-, 3-oxide P050 115-29-7 Acutely Hazardous Methanimidamide, N,N-dimethyl-N'-[2-methyl-4-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]phenyl]- P197 17702-57-7 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea P026 5344-82-1 Acutely Hazardous 1-(o-Chlorophenyl)thiourea 5344-82-1 Extremely Hazardous 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, -bis(p-methoxyphenyl)ethane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,2,2,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalene, Dechlorane Extremely Hazardous 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro--octahydro-1,2,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta (cd) pentalen-2- one, chlorecone Extremely Hazardous 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 57-14-7 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo-endo-5,8- dimethanonaph-thalene Extremely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate P081 55-63-0 Acutely Hazardous 1,2,3-Propanetriol, trinitrate 55-63-0 Extremely Hazardous 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-4,7-methano-3a,4,7,7a-tetra- hydro- indane Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]- 51-43-4 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Benzenediol, 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-, P042 51-43-4 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 96-12-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine P067 75-55-8 Acutely Hazardous 1,2-Propylenimine 75-55-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime 26419-73-8 Extremely Hazardous 1,3-Dithiolane-2-carboxaldehyde, 2,4-dimethyl-, O- [(methylamino)-carbonyl]oxime. -
As a Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries
UPTEC K 16013 Examensarbete 30 hp Juli 2016 A study of poly(vinyl alcohol) as a solid polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries Gustav Ek Abstract A study of poly(vinyl alcohol) as a solid polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries Gustav Ek Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten The use of solid polymer electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries has the advantage in terms of safety and processability, however they often lack in terms of performance. Besöksadress: This is of major concern in applications where high current densities or rapidly Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 changing currents are important. Such applications include electrical vehicles and Hus 4, Plan 0 energy storage of the electrical grid to accommodate fluctuations when using renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Postadress: Box 536 751 21 Uppsala In this study, the use of commercial poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a solid polymer electrolyte for use in lithium-ion batteries has been evaluated. Films were prepared Telefon: using various lithium salts such as lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) 018 – 471 30 03 and casting techniques. Solvent free films were produced by substituting the solvent Telefax: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with water and rigouros drying or by employing a 018 – 471 30 00 hot-pressing technique. The best performing system studied was PVA-LiTFSI-DMSO, which reached ionic conductivities of 4.5E-5 S/cm at room temperature and 0.45 Hemsida: mS/cm at 60 °C. The solvent free films showed a drop of ionic conductivity by http://www.teknat.uu.se/student roughly one order of magnitude compared to films with residual DMSO present. -
Polymer Colloid Science
Polymer Colloid Science Jung-Hyun Kim Ph. D. Nanosphere Process & Technology Lab. Department of Chemical Engineering, Yonsei University National Research Laboratory Project the financial support of the Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP) made in the program year of 1999 기능성 초미립자 공정연구실 Colloidal Aspects 기능성 초미립자 공정연구실 ♣ What is a polymer colloids ? . Small polymer particles suspended in a continuous media (usually water) . EXAMPLES - Latex paints - Natural plant fluids such as natural rubber latex - Water-based adhesives - Non-aqueous dispersions . COLLOIDS - The world of forgotten dimensions - Larger than molecules but too small to be seen in an optical microscope 기능성 초미립자 공정연구실 ♣ What does the term “stability/coagulation imply? . There is no change in the number of particles with time. A system is said to be colloidally unstable if collisions lead to the formation of aggregates; such a process is called coagulation or flocculation. ♣ Two ways to prevent particles from forming aggregates with one another during their colliding 1) Electrostatic stabilization by charged group on the particle surface - Origin of the charged group - initiator fragment (COOH, OSO3 , NH4, OH, etc) ionic surfactant (cationic or anionic) ionic co-monomer (AA, MAA, etc) 2) Steric stabilization by an adsorbed layer of some substance 3) Solvation stabilization 기능성 초미립자 공정연구실 기능성 초미립자 공정연구실 Stabilization Mechanism Electrostatic stabilization - Electrostatic stabilization Balancing the charge on the particle surface by the charges on small ions