South Sister, Middle Sister, North Sister from north side Broken Top 73 Schmidt & Grunder 2009

74 Geologic Map McKenzie Pass North Sister Middle Sister

Schmidt & Grunder 2009

75 Schmidt & Grunder 2009

76 Schmidt & Grunder 2009 77 Schmidt & Grunder 2009 78 2

3

1 79 Caldera: Newberry Caldera

80 Newberry Volcano-Caldera with obsidian flow & maar volcano 81 Rhyolite Obsidian flow, Newberry volcano 82 Flow banding in Newberry rhyolite obsidian flow 83 Gas bubble in Newberry obsidian flow. Jack Meyer for scale 84 1300 14C yr BP Big Obsidian Flow, Newberry Caldera

http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Imgs/Jpg/Newberry/Images/Newberry87_aerial_big_obsidian_flow_10-87.jpg 85

Impact of water on small basaltic eruptions

Francis and Oppenheimer 2004 86 East Lake

Central Pumice Cone Paulina Lake

http://earth-of-fire.over-blog.com/article-le-volcanisme-de-l-oregon-usa-62058434.html 87 Maar Volcano: Fort Rock

Taal Maar Volcano, Philippines

88 Crater Lake Caldera Volcano with Wizard Island cinder cone

89 Phantom Ship-plumbing to vent, Mt Mazama 90 Crater Lake: Lalo Rock intra-canyon lava flow 91 Pinnacles in pyroclastic flow-cooling vents 92 Baron & Lamphere 2006 93 Baron & Lamphere 2006

94 Baron & Lamphere 2006

95 Baron & Lamphere 2006

96 Formation of Crater Lake Howell Williams (1941)

(reproduced in Francis and Oppenheimer 2004)

97

1

98 2 Mt Shasta 1

Inverted topography: High Cascade lavas near Medford, OR 99 How to Make Inverted Topography

100 Inverted topography: High Cascade lavas near Medford, OR 101 Inverted topography: High Cascade lavas near Medford, OR 102 Illuminaon Rock

Yocum Ridge

Mississippi Head

103 Illuminaon Rock

Yocum Ridge

Inverted Toporaphy on Mt Hood

104 Mississippi Head

Inverted Toporaphy on Mt Hood 105 2. Volcanic Landslides: Mt St Helens as a model for ancient Mt Shasta

Mt St Helens, May 1982

106 107 108 Mt Shasta viewed from the north

Crandell et al 1984 109 North face Mt Shasta and Shastina from Weed CA airport 110 Weed Airport-hummocky landscape north of Mt Shasta (Medicine Lake shield volcano on the horizon) 111 Crandell et al 1984 112 The Western Cascades

Tom Dick Mountain-view from above Timberline Lodge 113 Eagle Creek Fm

Bonneville Dam

Landslide on Eagle Creek Fm

114 Eagle Creek Fm

115 Eagle Creek Formation

116 DuBray & Johnson 2011 117 DuBray & Johnson 2011 118 DuBray & Johnson 2011 119 DuBray & Johnson 2011

120 DuBray & Johnson 2011

121 122