OLORCHECKERTM CHART SOIL COLOR CHARTS MUNSELL CONVERSION FREEWARE MUNSELL BOOK OF COLOR PLANT

CUSTOM COLOR STANDARDS COLOR CONTROL PANELS TEXTURE PAINT-ON-PAPER COLOR STANDARDS COLOR TOL

APPEARANCE LEARNING KIT FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL 100 HUE TEST FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL DICHOTOMOUS D-15 GretagMacbeth Visual Color Communication LOR AND APPEARANCE BOOK HUE, VALUE, CHROMA (H V/C) POSTERS COLOR LABORATORY SERVICES COLOR AND Product and Resource Guide AND THE JUDGE II-S EXAMOLITE LUMINARIES PROOFLITE TRANSPARENCY VIEWERS PROOFLITE VIEWING SYSTEMS

ECTRO-RADIOMETER COLORCHECKER TM CHART SOIL COLOR CHARTS MUNSELL CONVERSION FREEWARE MUNSELL B

QUICKCOLOR STANDARDS CUSTOM COLOR STANDARDS COLOR CONTROL PANELS TEXTURE PAINT-ON-PAPER COLOR

S INTERACTIVE COLOR & APPEARANCE LEARNING KIT FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL 100 HUE TEST FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL

ENTALS OF COLOR AND APPEARANCE BOOK HUE, VALUE, CHROMA (H V/C) POSTERS COLOR LABORATORY SERVICES

THE JUDGE II AND THE JUDGE II-S EXAMOLITE LUMINARIES PROOFLITE TRANSPARENCY VIEWERS PROOFLITE VIEWING

HTSPEX SPECTRO-RADIOMETER COLORCHECKERTM CHART SOIL COLOR CHARTS MUNSELL CONVERSION FREEWARE

ODING CHARTS QUICKCOLOR STANDARDS CUSTOM COLOR STANDARDS COLOR CONTROL PANELS TEXTURE PAINT

COLOR & APPEARANCE LEARNING KIT FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL 100 HUE TEST FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL DICHOTOMOUS

COLOR AND APPEARANCE BOOK HUE, VALUE, CHROMA (H V/C) POSTERS COLOR LABORATORY SERVICES COLOR

THE JUDGE II-S EXAMOLITE LUMINARIES PROOFLITE TRANSPARENCY VIEWERS PROOFLITE VIEWING SYSTEMS SOL-SOU

CHECKERTM CHART SOIL COLOR CHARTS MUNSELL CONVERSION FREEWARE MUNSELL BOOK OF COLOR PLANT TISSU

CUSTOM COLOR STANDARDS COLOR CONTROL PANELS TEXTURE PAINT-ON-PAPER COLOR STANDARDS COLOR TOLE

EARNING KIT FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL 100 HUE TEST FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL DICHOTOMOUS D-15 TEST STUDENTS

ANCE BOOK HUE, VALUE, CHROMA (H V/C) POSTERS COLOR LABORATORY SERVICES COLOR AND APPEARANCE

GE II-S EXAMOLITE LUMINARIES PROOFLITE TRANSPARENCY VIEWERS PROOFLITE VIEWING SYSTEMS SOL-SOURCE DA

CHART SOIL COLOR CHARTS MUNSELL CONVERSION FREEWARE MUNSELL BOOK OF COLOR PLANT TISSUE COLOR

OM COLOR STANDARDS COLOR CONTROL PANELS TEXTURE PAINT-ON-PAPER COLOR STANDARDS COLOR TOLERANCE Lighting Solutions SpectraLight® III Color Viewing Booth 2 The Judge® II and The Judge II-S 3 Examolite® Luminaires 4 Prooflite® Transparency Viewers 4 Prooflite® Viewing Systems 5 Sol•Source® Daylight Desk Lamp 6 Lighting Services 7 • Lighting Audits • Lighting Certification LightSpex Spectro-Radiometer 9

Munsell® System Color Books Munsell Book of Color 12 • Glossy Collection • Matte Collection • Nearly Neutrals® Collection ColorChecker® Chart 13 Munsell Conversion Freeware 13 Soil Color Charts 13 Plant Tissue Color Charts 14 Color Coding Charts 14 • Government and Industry Standards • USDA Food Standards

Munsell® Custom Color Services QuickColor Standards 15 Custom Color Standards 15 Color Control Panels 16 Texture Paint-On-Paper Color Standards 16 Color Tolerance Sets 17 Specialty Custom Standards 17

Educational and Color Vision Testing Products Interactive Color & Appearance Learning Kit 18 • Metamerism Test Kit • Gloss Scale Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test 19 Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 Test 19 Student Set 20 Munsell Color Tree 20 Fundamentals of Color and Appearance Book 22 Hue, Value, Chroma (H V/C) Posters 22

Consulting Services & Seminars Color Laboratory Services 23 Color and Appearance Seminar 23

Articles Why Daylight? 6 Does High CRI Mean Accurate Color Rendering? 8 Munsell: The Universal Language of Color 10-11 Do You Suffer From Metamerism? 21 GretagMacbeth: advancing the art of color in f o r mation management technology for nearly a century...

Whether corporate identity, brand recognition, or new product development, color makes the difference. It’s one of the several ways you attract new business, satisfy your customers and keep them coming back. The colors you offer distin- guish your products from others.

For nearly a century, GretagMacbeth has been a global leader in quantitative color measurement and visual analysis. And today, we continue to pioneer innovative solutions that are scalable from a single location to a global, multi-facility enterprise, resulting in improvement in prod u c - ti v i t y , profitability and time-to-market.

GretagMacbeth offers you a total color solution that can standardize your color specification, viewing and measurement, simplify your color communications and aid you in getting your products on color wherever they’re made. All the while, our solution will eliminate misunderstand- ing, wasted time and experimenting. It’s the world’s best . And it means higher prod u c t i v i t y , faster time-to-market and co s t - savings that will go right to your bottom line as increased profits. SpectraLight ® III Color Viewing Booth Make critical color decisions with the world’s most accurate daylight simulation

The SpectraLight III color viewing booth Available in either booth or single, dual and uses GretagMacbeth’s patented filtered tungsten multiple overhead luminaire configurations, halogen light source to give you the world’s SpectraLight III features our SmartLogic software most accurate simulation of natural daylight. for accelerated throughput with faster color approvals. Using the booth’s digital display, you can easily program a sequence of different light sources for hands-free viewing, maximizing operator efficiency and productivity.

An automatic energy-saving mode extends lamp life. And an easy-to-read elapsed-time meter reminds you when it’s time to replace a lamp. Use r - adjustable color temperature permits convenient one-button calibration. This enables you to self-certify your viewing booth when used with a traceable spectroradiometer, saving your company recertification costs.

The SpectraLight III ex ceeds all major national and international standards governing daylight simulation quality and viewing conditions.

These include: • ASTM D1729 for visual evaluation of color di f f e r ences of opaque materials • ISO 3664 for vi e wing color rep ro d u c t i o n s It features six different light sources: • DIN, ANSI, and BSI st a n d a rd s • Daylight (your choice of D75, D65 or D50) • CIE Publication 51 • Illuminant A (home lighting) tungsten halogen • BS 9 5 0 • Horizon daylight • QS 9000 • Ultraviolet (two levels) • SAE J361 • Cool White Flu o r escent • JIS Z 8723 • Your choice of TL84 or U30 • GM 9220P Ultraviolet can be used alone or in combination • AS 4004 with other light sources for the detection and evaluation of optical brighteners, whitening agents, or fluorescent dyes and pigments. Dimensions The booth’s interior is made from a low gloss, Booth Luminaire neutral-gray (Munsell N 7/ standard) material Height 27.5” 9.5” to eliminate color viewing errors. Width 37.1” 37.1” Depth 24.4” 25.7” Weight 154 lbs. 92 lbs. Shipping Weight 194 lbs. 107 lbs. Selecting Light Sources to Industry Standards

Light source Application Standards D75 North Sky Daylight at 7500K Opaque materials ASTM D1729 Cotton classing ASTM D1684-90 Diamond grading GIA Gem Trade Laboratory D-Z grading system D65 Average North Sky at 6500K Visual correlation with Japanese and European spectrophotometric readings BS950, AS 4004, JIS Z 8723, DIN 6173, GM 9220P, QS 9000 Interior and exterior SAE J361, Detroit Color automotive trim Council Bulletin No. 3 D50 Noon Sky Daylight at 5000K Graphic arts ANSI PH 2.30, ISO 3664

The Judge ® II and The Judge® II-S Make accurate color decisions anywhere, anytime

The Judge II and II-S achieve the closest match to natural daylight available in a fluorescent source, with the best (CRI) and CIE Assessment Index in the industry. The patented seven-phosphor fluorescent source renders color more accurately than conventional three-phosphor fluorescent lighting.

It features five different light sources: • Daylight (your choice of D75, D65 or D50) • Illuminant A (home lighting) • Ultraviolet

• Cool White Fluorescent color differences of opaque materials, ISO 3664 • Your choice of TL84 or U30 for viewing color rep r oductions, and DIN, ANSI, and BSI standards. Ultraviolet can be used alone or in combination with other light sources for the detection and The Judge II is a foldable, portable version. ev aluation of optical brighteners, whitening agents, The Judge II-S is a stationary booth. or fluorescent dyes and pigments. The booth’s interior is made from a low gloss, neutral-gray material to eliminate color viewing errors. Dimensions The Judge II and II-S meet or exceed all major Judge II Judge II-S st a n d a r ds for the visual evaluation of color. Th e s e Height 22.25” 21.85” include ASTM D1729 for visual evaluation of Width 27” 26.5” Depth 22.25” 20.5” Weight 35 lbs. 50 lbs. Shipping Weight 40 lbs. 60 lbs. Examolite® Luminaires Convenient overhead light source for daylight viewing

These light sources are suspended above your viewing area to provide accurate, simulated daylight for visual evaluation of color. Prismatic tempered diffusing glass ensures excellent brightness control and visual comfort. A specular anodized aluminum reflector maximizes fixture efficiency.

Built from heavy-duty, 20-gauge steel housing finished in a high-reflectance baked white enamel, Examolites can be suspended Two models are available: over the work area by a chain. Or, they can be in s e r ted into any standard ceiling grid to • SD840B features three di f f e r ent light sources: ac c o m modate evaluation rooms. – Daylight (your choice of D75, D65 or D50) – Cool White Fluorescent (typical office Use Examolites for quality control, grading, lighting) sorting, metamerism testing, and pr oduct – Incandescent (home lighting) ev aluation. Examolite provides the same lighting • TC440B permits color evaluation under conditions your customers use to accept or reject blended North Sky Daylight D75 as used for your color choice or match. sorting, grading and general evaluation under Dimensions north sky daylight. An optional matte white, Length 48” Weight 90 lbs. UV-stabilized 1/9-inch acrylic is available Width 23.75” Shipping Wt. 135 lbs. for diamond grading and food applications. Height 8”

Prooflite® Transparency Viewers Standardized lighting ensures accurate color evaluation

GretagMacbeth Prooflite transparency viewers Prooflite viewers ensure accurate viewing with meet the needs of the graphic arts and photogra- unsurpassed daylight simulation. phy industries with superior quality and design. Our patented 5000K lamps provide uniform illumination and superior across the vi e wing surface. Th e re f o r e, ever yone viewing you r tr a n s p a r encies sees them in the same light. Rated for 5,000 hours of operation, Prooflite conforms to ANSI PH 2.30 and ISO 3664 specifications for visual evaluation. Each viewer is engineered with an electronic energy-saving ballast that ensures noiseless instant start-up, eliminates electromagnetic interference, and provides cool, flicker-free operation for reduced eye strain. Available in three different sizes: • PL T 1010, 10” x 10” (25.4 x 25.4 cm) Prooflite viewer s ’ light weight and compact design vi e wing area make them easy to move around and place in work • PL T 1620, 16” x 18” (40.6 x 45.7 cm) areas with limited space. A built-in stand enables • PL T 1642, 16” x 42” (40.6 x 106.7 cm) ver tical, horizontal, and angular positioning – even wall-mounting. Prooflite® Viewing Systems A total viewing environment for judging color in the graphic arts industry

In the Prooflite Viewing System, a Prooflite white” glass, which – unlike plastic – won’t crack overhead luminaire (PLD) is installed in a Proo f l i t e or with age. vi e wing booth. The result is a controlled viewi n g en v i r onment for evaluating color quality and The viewing booth prevents ambient light from un i f o r m i t y . entering the viewing area and interfering with the lu m i n a i r e’s illumination of the product or sample. The overhead luminaire provides patented The interior of the booth features durable, vinyl 7-phosphor fluorescent simulated daylight. acoustical walls and a high-pressure laminated Your choice of: work surface to form a totally neutral gray view- • D75 North Sky Daylight ing environment. So there is nothing to hinder quick and accurate visual evaluation of products • D65 Average North Sky Daylight or samples. • D50 Noon Sky Daylight The Prooflite Viewing Booth is available with a Prooflites can be suspended over the work area stand or as a separate tabletop unit. by a chain. Or, they can be inserted into any st a n d a r d ceiling grid. All Prooflite PLDs use a reflector constructed of non-UV absorbing and Dimensions Height Width Depth Weight non-yellowing anodized aluminum to prevent Booth (PVB) 84” 56” 31.75” 275 lbs. significant changes in color temperature. The Luminaires: system’s diffuser is made of prismatic “water PLD 50-440 8” 23.75” 48” 57.5 lbs. PLD 75-440 8” 23.75” 48” 57.5 lbs. PLD 50-840 8” 23.75” 48” 68 lbs. PLD 75-840 8” 23.75” 48” 68 lbs. PLD 50/75-840 8” 23.75” 48” 68 lbs. Why Daylight?

Daylight renders color accurately. Since natural daylight changes throughout the day and with changes in the weather, the need exists to simulate daylight. Almost 100 years ago, Norman Macbeth – an illumination engineer and founder of the former Macbeth – identified the need to use simulated standardized daylight for making accurate visual color judgments.

Depending on the light source, color perception varies. That’s because the spectral quality or color content of the light affects how we see color. The spectral quality of natural daylight depends upon atmospheric conditions, geographic location, time of year – even time of day. For example, the color appearance of early morning sunrise and late afternoon sunset can be as low as 2300° Kelvin (also known as horizon daylight*). At noon, the color appearance of light is approximately 5000° Kelvin and can exceed 10,000° Kelvin (on a clear day facing a north sky).

Norman Macbeth pioneered the development of accurately simulated daylight. This technology is still used today in GretagMacbeth viewing booths which permit accurate color viewing under all phases of daylight – including filtered tungsten halogen daylight, horizon daylight, blended daylight, and patented 7-phosphor fluorescent daylight. GretagMacbeth lighting products provide accurate simulation of daylight and can be used at night for second and third shift color evaluation.

*unique to GretagMacbeth Spectralight, see page 2

Sol•Source® Daylight Desk Lamp Viewing booth quality – at affordable desktop prices

Sol•Source is a unique item – the only desk lamp in the world that pr ovi d e s tr ue daylight simulation. Using the same patented technology as our most ad v anced color viewing systems, Sol •Sou r ce features a filtered tungsten halo- gen light source to provide the most accurate simulation of natural daylight av ailable today – 7500K, 6500K, or 5000K.

This attractive, lightweight desk lamp can be clamped on a table edge or placed on a desk using the optional weighted base. The flexible arm easily adjusts to aim the light exactly where you want it.

With Sol•Source, you get natural daylight viewing in an office, studio, factory, or showroom for not much more than the cost of a traditional desk lamp. It’s ideal for graphics, fashion, art, printin g , retail, and other applications th a t need an accurate, cost-effective daylight source for viewing colors. Lighting Services Optimize viewing conditions and comply with major industry standards

Lighting Audits periodic recalibration of your viewing booths as part of an acceptable TQM program. GretagMacbeth Need better color viewing conditions? has the expertise and equipment to perform this We’ll show you the light. service for you – quickly and affordably. Using the industry proven LightSpex Spectro- radiometer and an experienced technician, GretagMacbeth can perform a full lighting audit in your facility. We’ll identify where light sources may be causing inaccurate color viewing and ensure compliance with major industry stan- dards – and recommend the right solutions for your facility.

Lighting Certification Ensure compliance with Total Quality Management (TQM) programs and major industry standards When your products must match rigid color quality standards, you want to make sure your colors are accurate and defensible. ISO, other standards, and individual customers may require

Color Viewing Products Selection Guide at a Glance

SPECTRALIGHT ✝ ** • •• •• JUDGE ✝ ** • ••• •• EXAMOLITE SD840 •• •• EXAMOLITE TC440 •• PROOFLITE PLD ••• • PROOFLITE PLT •• SOL•SOURCE •••

*C ritical color decisions refer to decisions made in conjunction with a color laboratory and/or within a supply chain that not only determine the color difference, but the correc t i v e action req u i re d . Note: Only SpectraLight contains actual UV en e r g y found in natural daylight in addition to high intensity UV (five times that of natural da y l i g h t ) .

✝ Near UV energy five times that of natural daylight for evaluating the strength of optical brightening and fluorescent whitening agents (OBA and FWA) . **The UV en e r g y is long wave length (Black Light – BLB) and is not harmful to humans. CRI 100 Does High Color Rendering Index (CRI) Mean Accurate Color Rendering? The Seven-Phosphor Advantage

CRI 62 If you were to evaluate a jacket under incandescent or home lighting, it would appear to be a warmer red than that same jacket viewed outdoors. This would lead you to believe that colors viewed in home lighting aren’t necessarily representative of the true color. This is because incandescent light, Illuminant A, is high in red and yellow energy but low in and blue. Daylight, on the other hand, contains more evenly balanced amounts CRI 85 of all colors making it a better choice for color rendering. Yet both light sources could theoretically have the same color rendering index (CRI).

That’s what could happen when light sources are selected based on CRI alone. Why?...CRI (calculated by lamp manufacturers) compares the light source to be evaluated against an arbitrary reference. Depending on the color temperature of the light sources being tested (say under 5000 degrees CRI 100 Kelvin), the arbitrary reference would be a Plankian radiator similar to tungsten halogen or home lighting. This light source accents , oranges and while weakening and . So your arbitrary reference, assigned a CRI of 100, is already poor at rendering color. When the light source compared is 5000 degrees Kelvin or greater, it is compared to a phase of daylight (which renders color more accurately) instead of tungsten CRI 95 halogen which has the highest CRI, yet poor color rendering capabilities.

What can you do? Ask your lamp supplier for the spectral power distribu- tion curves (SPD). The curves display the amount of color energy within a light source. So the more evenly balanced the curve across the visible sp e c t r um (red, , yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet or ROY G BIV),

CRI 94 the better the light source renders color. If, however, the curve is higher in some areas of the spectrum, as is the case with incandescent, which has high red energy and little blue/green energy, the greater the distortion of color -– regardless of the CRI.

The patented seven-phosphor coating on the GretagMacbeth fluorescent daylight technology provides the best daylight simulation available in a CRI 92 fluorescent source. Several independent studies have confirmed this. The coating ensures an evenly balanced spectral power distribution curve. So you’ll get a high CRI and accurate color rendering compared to natural daylight. GretagMacbeth uses the CIE Assessment of Daylight Simulators, CIE Publication 51. This is a far more accurate method of determining the quality of a daylight simulator. More information on color and color

CRI 100 rendering is available in our book Fundamentals of Color and Appearance (see page 22). LightSpex Spectro-Radiometer Automatic, fast-scan action for total lighting assessment

Using a filter-free 256-detector array, LightSpex is a portable tool for characterizing ambient lighting. Just push a button to measure the entire visible spectrum of light at the point of use. LightSpex not only provides spectral power distribution data and curves, it also provides the specific lighting calculations required to identify conformance to current and developing national and international standards* – something no other spectroradiometer in its class can provide. It calculates and displays a variety of radiometric quantities – irradiance, peak irradiance, peak irradiance wave- length, integrated irradiance, illuminance, correlated color temperature, and spectral power distribution. With the addition of LightSoft Plus software you can calculate CIE chromaticity with Color Rendering Index (CRI), ISO 3664 and CIE Assessment – CIE Publication 51.

Optional LightSoft Windows® 95/98/NT software is a user-friendly package for data inter- pretation and analysis. The program produces reports and certificates including spectral power distribution (SPD) curves and CIE chromaticity graphs. It includes context sensitive help and for web-enabled operators, on-line assistance.

Also available: • LightSoft Plus, which includes all of the above plus CIELAB+CIELUV calculations • CIE Publication 51 daylight assessment calculations • Color Rendering Index (CRI) • ISO 3664 calculations

With NIST-traceable results, LightSpe x conforms to ASTM, DCC, ANSI, and ISO standards and procedures. Certification of lighting and printing of calibration documents can be per- formed on the spot. The hand-held, battery-operated LightSpex measures 1 4 by 4 by 8 inches and weighs only 3 /2 pounds, making it easy to carry on a lighting audit.

*Requires Optional LightSoft software Munsell: The Universal Language of Color

At the beginning of the 20th century, Professor the zero point at Albert H. Munsell brought clarity to color com- the beginning of munication by establishing an orderly system the red sector, for accurately identifying every color that exists. as shown in Figure 2. Hue The Munsell Color-Order System is identified The is a way of precisely by a number specifying colors and showing the relationship from 0 to 100, among colors. Every color has three qualities as shown in the or attributes: hue, value and chroma. Munsell outer circle. This Fig. 1 established numerical scales with visually is useful for statisti- Munsell cal records, cataloging uniform steps for each of these attributes. Hue Circle and computer programming. In Munsell notation, each color has a logical However, the meaning is relationship to all other colors. This opens up more obvious when endless creative possibilities in color choices, hue is identified as well as the ability to communicate those by the hue sector color choices precisely. and a step based on a Hue scale of ten, Hue is that attribute of a color by which we within that sec- distinguish red from green, blue from yellow, to r . For example, and so on. There is a natural order of hues: the lure in the red, yellow, green, blue, purple. One can mix middle of the red paints of adjacent colors in this series to obtain sector is called “five red,” and is written Fig. 2 a continuous variation from one color to the Hue Circle other. For example, red and yellow may be “5R.” (The zero step is not mixed in any proportion to obtain all the hues used, so there is a 10R hue, but no 0YR.) This from red through orange to yellow. The same method of identifying hue is shown on the may be said of yellow and inner circ l e . Munsell Hue Circle green, green and blue, blue Value HUE SYMBOL and purple, and purple and red. This series returns to the Value indicates the of a Red R starting point, so it can be color. The scale of value ranges Yellow-red YR arranged in a circle. Munsell from 0 for pure black to 10 for Yellow Y called red, yellow, green, blue pure white. Black, white and the Green-yellow GY and purple “principal hues” grays between them are called Green G and placed them at equal “neutral colors.” They have no Blue-green BG intervals around this circle. hue. Colors that have a hue are Blue B He inserted five intermediate called “chromatic colors.” The Purple-blue PB hues: yellow-red, gree n - y e l l o w , value scale applies to chromatic Purple P blue-green, purple-blue and as well as neutral colors. Red-purple RP Fig. 3 red-purple, making ten hues Value Scale in all. For simplicity, he used Chroma the initials as symbols to designate the ten hue Chroma is the degree of departure of a color sectors: R, YR, Y, GY, G, BG, B, PB, P and RP. fr om the neutral color of the same value. Colors The hue circle is illustrated in Figure 1. of low chroma are sometimes called “weak,” Munsell arbitrarily divided the hue circle into 100 steps of equal visual change in hue, with Fig. 4 Chroma Scale while those of high chroma are said to be axis,” with black at the bottom, white at the “highly saturated,” “strong” or “vivid.” Imagine top, and all grays in between. mixing a little vivid yellow paint with a gray paint of the same value. The different hues are displayed at various angles around the neutral axis. The chroma If you started with gray and gradually added scale is perpendicular to the axis, increasing in c r easing prop o r tions of yellow until the origi- outward. This three-dimensional arrangement nal vivid yellow color was obtained, you would of colors is called the “Munsell color space.” develop a series of gradually changing colors The relationship of the three scales in three- that increase in chroma, as shown in Figure 4. dimensional space is illustrated in Figure 5. Vis u a l l y , the scaling of chroma is nearly uniform; the units are arbitrar y. Munsell Color Solid The scale starts at zero, for neutral colors, but All colors lie within a specific region of Munsell there is no arbitrary end to the scale. As new color space called the “Munsell color solid.” pigments have become available, Munsell Hue is limited to one turn around the circle. color chips of higher chroma have been made The scale of value is limited on the lower end for many hues and values. The chroma scale by pure black, which is as dark as a color can for normal reflecting materials extends beyond be, and on the top by pure white, which is as 20 in some cases. Fluorescent materials may light as a color can be. have chromas as high as 30. For a given value, there is a limit to the chrom a that is possible, even with theoretically ideal Munsell Notation coloring agents. Real coloring agents, with The complete Munsell notation for a chromatic less than ideal characteristics, impose furt h e r color is written symbolically: HV/C. For a vivid limitations on physical rep- red having a hue of 5R, a value of 6 and a resentations of the chroma of 14, the complete notation is 5R color solid. 6/14. When a finer division is needed for any of the attributes, decimals are used. For The Munsell example, 5.3R 6.1/14.4. When the hues of color-order the primary hue circle are used, the notation is system itself written in the same way, for example 2B’ 5/4. is applica- ble to all The notation for a neutral color is written: NV/. possible The chroma of a neutral color is zero, but it is colors. customary to omit the zero in the notation. The highest chroma The notation N 1/ denotes a black, a very yellow co l o r s dark neutral, while N 9/ denotes a white, a Fig. 6 have rather high very light neutral. This notation for a middle Munsell Color Solid values, while the gray is N 5/. highest chroma blue colors have lower values. Munsell Color Space Munsell hue, value and chroma can be varied An International Standard independently so that all colors can be arra n g e d The Munsell color-order system has gained ac c o r ding to the three international acceptance. It is recognized in attributes in a standard Z138.2 of the American National three-dimen- St a n d a r ds Institute; Japanese Industrial Standard sional space. for Color, JIS Z 872; the German Standard The neutral Color System, DIN 6164; and several British colors are national standards. The Munsell color- o rd e r placed system has been widely used in many fields along a of color science, most notably as a model of vertical un i f o r mity for colorimetric spaces and has, itself, line, called been the subject of many scientific studies. the “n e u t r a l

Fig. 5 Munsell Color Space Munsell Book of Color Glossy Collection

This book is the “master atlas” of Munsell Color. It contains over 1,600 removable high-gloss color samples on 40 constant-hue pages. Additional pages of Munsell grays, supplementary accent colors and 37-step neutral value scale are also included.

Individual colors may be purchased 1 separately in 8 /2” x 11” full sheets.

Matte Collection

For projects that require colors without surface gloss, this book gives you 1,300 permanently mounted matte color samples on 40 constant-hue pages. Additional 31-step neutral value scale is also included. Individual colors may be purchased separately 1 in 8 /2” x 11” full sheets.

Nearly Neutrals ® Collection

This collection of over 1,100 pastel colors meets the needs of projects that require neutral, subtle colors. The matte color samples are mounted on 20 constant- hue pages plus one Nearly Whites® constant-value page. Includes a set of six fan decks, containing swatches of each color. Individual colors may be 1 purchased separately in 8 /2” x 11” full sheets. Books and fan decks may be purchased separately. ColorChecker ® Chart A convenient, hands-on color comparison chart

1 This 8 /2” x 11” color rendition chart is an array of 24 colored squares used for calibrating and evaluating color repro- duction systems including photography, color television, graphic arts, and computers. Color comparison can be done visually or using instrumentation. The colors include spectral simulations of light and dark skin, foliage, blue sky, a blue fl o wer , additive and subtractive pr i m a r i e s , a 6-step neutral scale, and more. Colors are labeled with Munsell notations, CIE data, and ISCC-NBS names.

1 1 Also available: Mini ColorChecker Chart (3 /2” x 2 /2”) for specialty color reproduction.

Munsell Conversion Freeware

Convert from Munsell hue, value and chroma (H V/C) notation to XYZ, RGB, and CMYK formats. Download free from our web site at www.munsell.com.

Available for Windows® operating system only.

Soil Color Charts New edition washable charts for soil color classification

Developed jointly by Munsell and the USDA Soil Conservation Service, these 11 charts are used to classify soil colors and judge rocks, hydric soils, archeological samples, and other natural products. Agronomists, biologists, archeologists, geologists, zoologists, and other scientists use these charts to document specimen colors. The charts include color name diagrams, soil structure diagrams, and masks. Includes charts for semi-tropical soils, Australia, and Southeast Asia. Individual rep l a c e - ment pages avai l a b l e .

Skin, hair and eye color charts, use soil color charts . Plant Tissue Color Charts A botanist’s color guide

These 17 color charts are used to determine and record the color of plant tissues. This information is important to scientists working with growth rates, nutrient deficiencies, plant diseases, and other plant processes.

Color Coding Charts

For color coding of wire and cable insulation and by Electronic Industries Association (EIA RS359-A) for use with electronics 1 components. Includes ten 8 /2” x 11” color charts in a binder: red, orange, brown, yellow, green, blue, violet (purple), white, gray (slate) and black. Each chart defines the centroid (ideal) color and the permissible visual tolerances.

Also available – supplemental EIA color coding charts for the telecom- munications and fiber optics industries EIA-TIA 598-A Aqua color coding chart and EIA-TIA 598-B Rose color coding chart.

Government and Industry USDA Food Standards Standards (see price list) (see price list) Includes ANSI Grays and safety standards, The Munsell Laboratory continues to develop NEMA and electric power industry additional USDA food standards. Contact us standards. for additional standards that may have been established after the printing of this catalog. QuickColor Standards For fast, economical color matching

QuickColor is a proo f - f r ee, quick custom color standard for interim, conceptual or seasonal applications. These include color standards that have a short life cycle – such as seasonal products – and preliminary color standards for new products during the design process. QuickColor standards are available in matte or glossy 1 (8 /2” x 11”) paint-on-paper and a variety of plastic resins.

Custom Color Standards When precise color matching is critical to your success

Provide these stable, reproducible color standards to suppliers and anyone else who needs to match your colors. Simply submit your sample or provide numeric data and we’ll match the color and gloss and provide a proof for your approval. Each 3” x 5” Custom Color Standard comes with spectrophotometric data and Munsell System notation. Color Standards can be produced to match a variety of color and appearance characteristics including opaque, translucent, transparent, fluorescent, textured, pearlescent, and metallic. Color Control Panels For precise color communication, specification and visual eval u a t i o n

Provide a physical standard for the communica- The single-color control panel represents the tion and specification of color and appearance master standard or specific target color. It pro- to your vendors and raw materials suppliers. vides a reference for visual assessment or a target Available in variations of 3” x 5” formats or for color matching with an instrument-based custom sizes. color quality control or formulation system.

The two-step painted panel can either represent a min/max tolerance range for two colors or an appearance standard for a single color at two gloss levels. For visual assessment of products with wider tolerances, the three-step painted panel in- cludes the target color plus two tolerance limits.

Each labeled panel is packaged in a light-proof envelope with the notation and data needed to en s u r e accurate color rep r oduction. Color control panels can be produced in a variety of resins and painted substrates, plastic resins or textured surfaces. They are also available in a washable form for applications requiring a more durable, cleanable surface, such as food applications.

Texture Paint-On-Paper Color Standards Accurately reproduce your color standards in a surface texture

Munsell Texture Color Standards give you a standard representation of the texture profile as well as the color of your specific product. Spatter-painted standards are available in fine, medium or coarse textures. Please supply paint and Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

Also available in molded plastic. Contact your local Munsell representative for texturing options. Color Tolerance Sets Improve color quality control among buyers and suppliers

Ideal for multi-component products manufac- acceptable limits held in tolerance around tured in different geographic locations utilizing the ideal or centroid color.You determine the a variety of processes that involve an external tolerance limits and criteria for communicating vendor network. Designed to improve time-to- the tolerances. ma r ket and reduce wasted time and materials, the tolerance sets provide a visual criteria by Available in three configurations: which finished goods will be evaluated. The • Th re e - S tep = target + two limits Color Tolerance Set shows the target color plus • Seve n - S tep = target + six limits • Nin e - S tep = target + six limits + two gloss level s

Specialty Custom Standards

Visual color standards produced to meet any s t a n d a rds. All printing, matching, coating or special color communication, specification, spraying, mounting and assembly included. i n s t rumental control or testing application. Call your Munsell re p re s e n t a t i ve for details. Includes gray scales, color scales, industry Interactive Color & Appearance Learning Kit A mini-tutorial for learning color basics at your own speed

Metamerism Test Kit Clearly illustrates the Educational self-study tool kit to be used phenomenon of metamerism in conjunction with the GretagMacbeth Funda- mentals of Color and Appearance book. It This stripe-coated color sample demonstrates includes visual gloss scale, metamerism test kit, metamerism, which occurs when a pair of H V/C chart and chips, simultaneous contrast samples match under one light source but kit, N 7/ color control standard, visual assess- mismatch under another. ment pair spectral reflectance curve chart and chips, CIELAB absolute chart and chips, light Gloss Scale gray seven-step color tolerance set. This simple tool obviates the changes in appearance when gloss is applied The Munsell gloss scale shows the effect of gloss on color and appearance when viewing geometry and light sources change. It provides a standard for comparison of a variety of gloss surfaces. Five stripe-coating samples illustrate gloss levels of 5, 20, 40, 60, and 80 on a 60° glossmeter. Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test How well do your employees see color? Simple test determines color acuity

This test gives you an easy-to-administer but highly effective method for mea- suring any individual’s color vision. Used by the government and in d u s t r y for over 40 years, the test consists of four trays containing a total of 85 rem o vable color ref e r ence caps (increm e n t a l hue variation) spanning the visible spectrum. Color vision abnormalities and aptitude ar e detected by the ability of the test subject to place the color caps in order of hue. Includes Win d ow s ®-based PC scoring software. The four trays ar e boxed in a handsome wooden

ca r r ying case. The test must be administered under daylight conditions such as that pro- vided by Gret a g M acbeth SpectraLight, Jud g e or Sol •Sou r ce (see pages 2 & 6).

Farnsworth-Munsell Dichotomous D-15 Test An abridged version of the 100 hue test for screening color vision defects only

Intended for the detection of color vision defects such as red-green and blue-yellow deficiencies as opposed to color acuity. The test consists of a reference cap and 15 removable chips of incremental hue varia- tion. Instruction and score sheet included. Student Set Color school starts here

Munsell Student Set pub- lished by Fairchild Books and Visuals. Designed to teach the Munsell System and the concept of three-dimensional color space, students learn by arranging color chips on Color System – A Language for Color blank charts. Set includes 11 charts — one for workbook by Joy Turner Luke. each of ten hues, plus one hue, value/chroma (H V/C) chart showing hue circle, value scale The H V/C chips and charts may be purchased and chroma scale. Also includes The Munsell separately.

Munsell Color Tree Making the Munsell System come alive

This attractive three-dimensional model makes it easy to comprehend the Munsell three-dimensional color space. It features 309 glossy chips for ten constant hues mounted on clear acrylic panels assembled on a wooden base.

Dimensions Height 10.5” Width 12” Base diameter 12” Do You Suffer From Metamerism?

Metamerism is the phenomenon of objects having differ from batch to batch, lot to lot or supplier their color match under one set of conditions – to supplier. Colorants used in some applications real or calculated – and not match under diffe re n t may not work in others. The more colorants conditions. Two objects exhibiting metamerism added to create a batch or correct a mistint, are said to be a metameric pair. the greater the risk of metamerism.

What causes metamerism? It’s caused when the How can you avoid metamerism? You can’t spectral reflectance or transmittance curves of completely avoid metamerism in most applica- each object differ. When the reflectance curves tions; however, you can minimize its effect throu g h of the two objects cross one another three times early detection. Remember to evaluate samples or more, metamerism takes place [see illustration]. under daylight and at least two other light source s . For example a mobile telephone consists of sev- Review spectral curves from a spectrop h o t o m e t e r eral component parts that may be comprised of (not a colorimeter) to detect and evaluate the different resins and colorants. When the parts degree of metamerism. Finally, samples that ar e assembled into a phone, all the components may have a directional characteristic such as should visually match under daylight and at textured plastic must be viewed from the same least two other light sources giving the phone a angle to avoid geometric metamerism. un i f o r m appearance. If, for example, the battery housing appears to be a different color than the Other Forms of Metamerism: main phone housing, metamerism could be a O b s e rver metamerism is when samples that factor. Colorants used to create a product can appear to match to one observer do not seem to match to another. Often the cause is differing color vision between the viewers – a fact that can be established with a color vision test (see page 19).

Geometric metamerism is when object color matches at one angle of illumination but not when the angle is changed. This situation often occurs with materials that are directional – velvet, suede, broadlooms, plastics, and metals. Fundamentals of Color and Appearance Book A reference guide to basic color theory and practical applications

Written in lay persons terms, this book introduces you to the basics of color and appearance including quantifying color, visual quality control, instrumentation, instrumental quality control and a com- prehensive glossary of common color and appearance terms. It also serves as a guide to establishing your own color quality control program.

Hue, Value, Chroma (H V/C) Posters The Munsell System at a glance

Poster-sized (25” x 38”) wall chart displays the Munsell System – featuring the 10-step hue circle, 8-step gray scale, and 6-step red chroma scale — for all trainees to see. Color Laboratory Services Your color lab partner when you lack color management facilities, equipment, or time

We can provide the services needed for color st a n d a r d to your submitted sample, prod u c t and appearance matching such as gloss and ap p r oval and verify your in-process and final sp e c t r ophotometric measurements, database inspection req u i re m e n t s . pr eparation, approximate the closest Munsell

Color and Appearance Seminar 2-day regional seminar

Day I You are introduced to the principles of color science. You gain a working knowledge of color communication and specification, the basics of instrumental color measurement, and the tools available to help you monitor and control color reproduction in your business.

Day 2 You learn how to apply color theory to your real-world design and production applications. You will acquire techniques for using equipment for visual color evaluation, color measurement, color quality control, and color formulation.

You will leave with the foundation necessary for implementing your own color quality control program.

Attendees are encouraged to bring both typical and problematic samples for evaluation. An experienced professional will be available to discuss your individual color problems.

Customized on-site seminars are available. Call 1-800-622-2384 and ask for our seminar coordinator. GretagMacbeth: Solutions and Services to Help You Master Every Phase of the Color Development Cycle

A leading innovator in color control technology essential in designing color families or palettes. for over a centur y, GretagMacbeth can help Our high-performance spectrophotometers ensure that every step of your color manage- measure and digitize these palettes, which are ment process – from design, master standards, stored in GretagMacbeth software for use in formulation and production, through color color formulation and quality control. harmony, QC, and retail inspection – yields Using a series of complex mathematical consistent color and appearance (see Table I). algorithms, our color formulation software Whether the need is for visual or instrumental derives a formula that matches the digitized color control, Gret a g M a c b e t h ’ s technology and color standard. Materials that can be formu l a t e d services range from basic consultation and in this manner range from dyes, paints or plastics for the actual product, to the ink in the printed brochure, catalog, package, or point- of - p u r chase display.

During part production, a spectrophotometer measures color quality while the software displays and stores the color match of each production lot compared to the standard. Our color viewing booths provide multiple viewing conditions – including daylight, fluorescent, and incandescent – under which the product is evaluated.

Viewing under multiple light sources helps evaluators detect a phenomenon known as

color education, to full-scale digital imaging and globally networked color formulation and quality control systems.

In the design phase, consistent physical stan- da r ds, such as the Munsell Books of Color, are Process Description Key GretagMacbeth products and services Design Product concept and colors Color standards, lighting Master standard Corporate standards for colors Color standards Formulation Manufacturing of dyestuffs, textiles, inks, Instrumentation, software, paints, coatings and plastics lighting Part production In-process color control Instrumentation, software, lighting Final QC Inspection of finished parts Instrumentation, software, lighting, testing, auditing Color harmony Assurance of uniform color when parts Lighting, color standards are assembled into final product (color tolerance cards) Corporate QC Verification of color harmony and conformance Testing, auditing with customer color specifications Retail Customer inspection of incoming goods both Lighting, testing, auditing, at point of delivery as well as point of display consulting Merchandising Assurance of good color match between products Spectrophotometers, and promotional materials (brochures, catalogs, densitometers, lighting sell sheets, packaging, point-of-purchase displays)

Table I. GretagMacbeth has the technology and services to make every step of the color management process more accurate and productive.

desktop publishing, and printing. Our full line of color management tools includes benchtop and hand-held spectrophotometers, densitome- ters, color quality control and color formula- tion software, standardized lighting, color standards, training, calibration and certification services. metamerism, where two samples match under Is your organization doing one light source but not another (see page 21). everything it can Detection of color inconsistencies in finished to control color parts is especially critical in manufactured both internally products where di ff e r ent parts are produced and externally? by diffe r ent vendors. GretagMacbeth can help you implement Today, GretagMacbeth a color management program that assures provides color the highest levels of color quality and appear- management ance. For more information, contact us today. solutions in industries rang- Or visit www.gretagmacbeth.com. ing from pa i n t s , plastics, textiles, inks, and packag- ing to digital imaging, graphic arts, DESK LAMP LIGHTING SERVICES LIGHTSPEX SPECTRO-RADIOM

COLOR CHARTS COLOR CODING CHARTS QUICKCOLOR ST

ERANCE SETS SPECIALTY CUSTOM STANDARDS INTERACTIVE

TEST STUDENTS SETS MUNSELL COLOR TREE FUNDAMENTA

APPEARANCE SPECTRALIGHT III COLOR VIEWING BOOTH TH

SOL-SOURCE DAYLIGHT DESK LAMP LIGHTING SERVICES LIGH

OF COLOR PLANT TISSUE COLOR CHARTS COLOR CODING C

STANDARDS COLOR TOLERANCE SETS SPECIALTY CUSTOM S

OMOUS D-15 TEST STUDENTS SETS MUNSELL COLOR TREE

COLOR AND APPEARANCE SPECTRALIGHT III COLOR VIEWING

SYSTEMS SOL-SOURCE DAYLIGHT DESK LAMP LIGHTING SER

MUNSELL BOOK OF COLOR PLANT TISSUE COLOR CHARTS C

LOR TOLERANCE SETS SPECIALTY CUSTOM STANDARDS INTE

D-15 TEST STUDENTS SETS MUNSELL COLOR TREE FUNDAME

United States: 617 Little Britain Road, New Windsor, NY 12553-6148, RANCE SPECTRALIGHT III COLOR VIEWING BOOTH THE JUDG Tel: 800 622 2384, 914 565 7660 (Outside USA and Canada), Fax: 914 561 0267

Switzerland: Althardstrasse 70, CH-8105 Regensdorf, LAMP LIGHTING SERVICES LIGHTSPEX SPECTRO-RADIOMETER Tel: +41 1 842 24 00, Fax: +41 1 842 22 22

nited Kingdom: Macbeth House, Pacific Road, Altrincham, Cheshire WA14 5BJ, Tel: +44 161 926 9822, Fax: +44 161 926 9835 COLOR CHARTS COLOR CODING CHARTS QUICKCOLOR ST

Germany: Siemenstrasse 11, D-63263 Neu Isenburg, Tel: +49 61 0279 570, Fax: +49 61 0279 5757 SPECIALTY CUSTOM STANDARDS INTERACTIVE COLOR & APPE

Hong Kong SAR: 12 Wardley Centre, 9-11 Prat Avenue, Tsimshatsui, Kowloon, Tel: +852 2368 7738, Fax: +852 2368 6717 SETS MUNSELL COLOR TREE FUNDAMENTALS OF COLOR AN Italy: Via Donatello 13, 59016 Poggio a Caiano (PO), Tel: +39 055 877 699, Fax: +39 0558 798 080 SPECTRALIGHT III COLOR VIEWING BOOTH THE JUDGE II AND isit our World Wide Web Site at www.gretagmacbeth.com Trademark, ® Registered Trademarks of GretagMacbeth LLC. GretagMacbeth is an ISO 9001 Certified Company. TING SERVICES LIGHTSPEX SPECTRO-RADIOMETER COLORCH Windows® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Specifications subject to change without notice. CHARTS COLOR CODING CHARTS QUICKCOLOR STANDARD © GretagMacbeth LLC, 1999