The Constitutional Convention
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Singapore, July 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Singapore, July 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: SINGAPORE July 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Singapore (English-language name). Also, in other official languages: Republik Singapura (Malay), Xinjiapo Gongheguo― 新加坡共和国 (Chinese), and Cingkappãr Kudiyarasu (Tamil) சி க யரச. Short Form: Singapore. Click to Enlarge Image Term for Citizen(s): Singaporean(s). Capital: Singapore. Major Cities: Singapore is a city-state. The city of Singapore is located on the south-central coast of the island of Singapore, but urbanization has taken over most of the territory of the island. Date of Independence: August 31, 1963, from Britain; August 9, 1965, from the Federation of Malaysia. National Public Holidays: New Year’s Day (January 1); Lunar New Year (movable date in January or February); Hari Raya Haji (Feast of the Sacrifice, movable date in February); Good Friday (movable date in March or April); Labour Day (May 1); Vesak Day (June 2); National Day or Independence Day (August 9); Deepavali (movable date in November); Hari Raya Puasa (end of Ramadan, movable date according to the Islamic lunar calendar); and Christmas (December 25). Flag: Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent (closed portion toward the hoist side), partially enclosing five white-point stars arranged in a circle, positioned near the hoist side of the red band. The red band symbolizes universal brotherhood and the equality of men; the white band, purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents Click to Enlarge Image a young nation on the rise, while the five stars stand for the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality. -
Freedom House
7/14/2020 Slovakia | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Slovakia 88 FREE /100 Political Rights 36 /40 Civil Liberties 52 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 88 /100 Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. TOP https://freedomhouse.org/country/slovakia/freedom-world/2020 1/15 7/14/2020 Slovakia | Freedom House Overview Slovakia’s parliamentary system features regular multiparty elections and peaceful transfers of power between rival parties. While civil liberties are generally protected, democratic institutions are hampered by political corruption, entrenched discrimination against Roma, and growing political hostility toward migrants and refugees. Key Developments in 2019 In March, controversial businessman Marian Kočner was charged with ordering the 2018 murder of investigative reporter Ján Kuciak and his fiancée. After phone records from Kočner’s cell phone were leaked by Slovak news outlet Aktuality.sk, an array of public officials, politicians, judges, and public prosecutors were implicated in corrupt dealings with Kočner. Also in March, environmental activist and lawyer Zuzana Čaputová of Progressive Slovakia, a newcomer to national politics, won the presidential election, defeating Smer–SD candidate Maroš Šefčovič. Čaputová is the first woman elected as president in the history of the country. Political Rights A. Electoral Process A1 0-4 pts Was the current head of government or other chief national authority elected through free and fair elections? 4 / 4 TOP Slovakia is a parliamentary republic whose prime minister leads the government. There is also a directly elected president with important but limited executive powers. In March 2018, an ultimatum from Direction–Social Democracy (Smer–SD), a https://freedomhouse.org/country/slovakia/freedom-world/2020 2/15 7/14/2020 Slovakia | Freedom House junior coalition partner, and center-right party Most-Híd, led to the resignation of former prime minister Robert Fico. -
Elections in the Western Balkans: Fragile Progress in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia
Elections in the Western Balkans: Fragile Progress in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia Graduate Policy Workshop January 2017 Authors Edward Atkinson, Nicholas Collins, Aparna Krishnamurthy, Mae Lindsey, Yanchuan Liu, David Logan, Ken Sofer, Aditya Sriraman, Francisco Varela Sandoval Advisor Jeff Fischer CONTENTS About the WWS Graduate Policy Workshop ........................................................................................iv Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Albania ................................................................................................................................................... 2 Background and Context .................................................................................................................. 2 Description of Electoral and Political Processes and Institutions ................................................... 3 Electoral and Political Issues ............................................................................................................ 4 Electoral Process Vulnerabilities .......................................................................................................................... 4 Political Process Vulnerabilities ........................................................................................................................... -
EXPLORE OUR Historic Sites
EXPLORE LOCAL HISTORY Held annually on the third weekend in October, “Four Centuries in a Weekend” is a county-wide event showcasing historic sites in Union County. More than thirty sites are open to the public, featuring Where New Jersey History Began tours, exhibits and special events — all free of charge. For more information about Four Centuries, EXPLORE OUR Union County’s History Card Collection, and National Parks Crossroads of the American Historic Sites Revolution NHA stamps, go to www.ucnj.org/4C DEPARTMENT OF PARKS & RECREATION Office of Cultural & Heritage Affairs 633 Pearl Street, Elizabeth, NJ 07202 908-558-2550 • NJ Relay 711 [email protected] | www.ucnj.org/cultural Funded in part by the New Jersey Historical Commission, a division of the Department of State Union County A Service of the Union County Board of 08/19 Chosen Freeholders MAP center BERKELEY HEIGHTS Deserted Village of Feltville / Glenside Park 6 Littell-Lord Farmstead 7 CLARK Dr. William Robinson Plantation-Museum 8 CRANFORD Crane-Phillips House Museum 9 William Miller Sperry Observatory 10 ELIZABETH Boxwood Hall State Historic Site 11 Elizabeth Public Library 12 First Presbyterian Church / Snyder Academy 13 Nathaniel Bonnell Homestead & Belcher-Ogden Mansion 14 St. John’s Parsonage 15 FANWOOD Historic Fanwood Train Station Museum 16 GARWOOD 17 HILLSIDE Evergreen Cemetery 18 Woodruff House/Eaton Store Museum 19 The Union County Office of Cultural and Heritage KENILWORTH Affairs offers presentations to local organizations Oswald J. Nitschke House 20 at no charge, so your members can learn about: LINDEN 21 County history in general MOUNTAINSIDE Black history Deacon Andrew Hetfield House 22 NEW PROVIDENCE Women’s history Salt Box Museum 23 Invention, Innovation & Industry PLAINFIELD To learn more or to schedule a presentation, Drake House Museum 24 duCret School of Art 25 contact the History Programs Coordinator Plainfield Meetinghouse 26 at 908-436-2912 or [email protected]. -
The Governors of New Jersey' Michael J
History Faculty Publications History Summer 2015 Governing New Jersey: Reflections on the Publication of a Revised and Expanded Edition of 'The Governors of New Jersey' Michael J. Birkner Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/histfac Part of the American Politics Commons, Political History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Birkner, Michael J. "Governing New Jersey: Reflections on the Publication of a Revised and Expanded Edition of 'The Governors of New Jersey.'" New Jersey Studies 1.1 (Summer 2015), 1-17. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/histfac/57 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Governing New Jersey: Reflections on the Publication of a Revised and Expanded Edition of 'The Governors of New Jersey' Abstract New Jersey’s chief executive enjoys more authority than any but a handful of governors in the United States. Historically speaking, however, New Jersey’s governors exercised less influence than met the eye. In the colonial period few proprietary or royal governors were able to make policy in the face of combative assemblies. The Revolutionary generation’s hostility to executive power contributed to a weak governor system that carried over into the 19th and 20th centuries, until the Constitution was thoroughly revised in 1947. -
1. INTRODUCTION the Presentation and Interpretation of The
Lecturer PhD Petronela SCUTARIU “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Faculty of Law and Administration Sciences, Suceava, Romania [email protected] Student Liviu Otniel FEDUR “Ștefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, Faculty of Law and Administration Sciences, Suceava, Romania Android Developer, Protovate LLC, Hickory, North Carolina, USA Director, Livtech Soft SRL, Suceava, Romania [email protected] Abstract: The parallel examination of different states with their government systems is, was and will always be a necessary inurement for their in-depth knowledge and for the discovery of generalized orientations and developments. Regarding this affirmation, in the present article we intend to analyze from a comparative perspective two administrative systems, one from New Zealand and the other from South Africa, to identify the particularities in their organization and the way of functioning and to determine the similarities and differences between them. This research begins with the presentation of main identification data of the states, namely etymological explanations, continuing with the geographical locations and ending with the national emblems and flags. Afterwards, the present study provides insights into the genesis of the mentioned states, presenting brief historical records of how they appeared and developed. According to administrative-territorial organization criteria, New Zealand is divided into non-unitary and unitary regions, containing a territory as well, while South Africa is divided into provinces which, in turn, are divided into districts that are subdivided into local municipalities. From the point of view of the form of government, New Zealand is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, while South Africa is a unitary parliamentary republic with an executive presidency. -
A TUB to the WHALE": the FOUNDING FATHERS and ADOPTION of the FEDERAL BILL of RIGHTS Kenneth R
"A TUB TO THE WHALE": THE FOUNDING FATHERS AND ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL BILL OF RIGHTS Kenneth R. Bowling Seamen have a custom, when they meet a whale, to fling him out an empty tub by way of amusement, to divert him from laying violent hands upon the ship. Jonathan Swift, Tale of a Tub (1704) Like a barrel thrown to the whale, the people were to be amused with fancied amendments, until the harpoon of power, should secure its prey and render resistance ineffectual. [Samuel Bryan], ''Centinel NO. 19, ' ' (Philadel- phia) Independent Gazetteer, October 7, 1788 The constitutional role of the federal Bill of Rights has been monu- mental. This fact would surprise most members of the First Federal Congress, the body which reluctantly proposed to the states the con- stitutional amendments later called the Bill of Rights.' The Federalist Mr. Bowling is a member of the First Federal Congress Project at George Wash- ington University, Washington, D.C. This article is based upon a chapter in his "Politics in the First Congress, 1789-1791" (Ph.D. diss., University of Wisconsin 1968). Additional research was conducted under a grant from the National Endow- ment for the Humanities. ' Although much has been written about the Bill of Rights, very little of it re- lates to the legislative history of its adoption. This is particularly true about the polit- ical aspects, most of which are contained in previously unstudied manuscripts. Robert A. Rutland, The Birth of the Bill of Rights, 1776-1791 (Chapel Hill 1955), which focuses on the background of the amendments, aptly summarizes its passage through the First Federal Congress. -
Iceland 2020 Human Rights Report
ICELAND 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Iceland is a constitutional parliamentary republic. The president is the head of state, and a prime minister, usually the leader of the largest party, is head of government. There is a unicameral parliament (Althingi). On June 27, voters reelected Gudni Thorlacius Johannesson president in a free and fair election. Parliamentary elections in 2017 were also considered free and fair. The national police maintain internal security. In addition, the Icelandic Coast Guard carries out general law enforcement duties at sea. The national police, the nine regional police forces, and the Coast Guard fall under the purview of the Ministry of Justice. The country has no military. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over police and the Coast Guard. There were no reports members of security forces committed abuses. There were no reports of significant human rights abuses. The government had mechanisms in place to identify and punish officials who commit human rights abuses. Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings There were no reports that the government or its agents committed arbitrary or unlawful killings. The State Prosecutor’s Office investigates whether killings carried out by security forces are justifiable and the Independent Commission on Police investigates alleged police infractions. b. Disappearance There were no reports of disappearances by or on behalf of government authorities. c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment ICELAND 2 The constitution and law prohibit such practices, and there were no reports that government officials employed them. -
The Rise of President Erdogan and the End of Kemalist Turkey
History in the Making Volume 11 Article 5 January 2018 Unconditional Surrender: The Rise of President Erdogan and the end of Kemalist Turkey Amelia Sullivan CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the Islamic World and Near East History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Sullivan, Amelia (2018) "Unconditional Surrender: The Rise of President Erdogan and the end of Kemalist Turkey," History in the Making: Vol. 11 , Article 5. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol11/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Articles Unconditional Surrender: The Rise of President Erdogan and the end of Kemalist Turkey By Amelia Sullivan Abstract: In October 1923, Mustafa Kemal, or Ataturk, became leader of Turkey. Over the next decade and a half, Kemal used his considerable political power to reform the nation. He modernized infrastructure, reorganized government, and led an aggressive campaign to westernize and secularize Turkish society. By the time Kemal passed in 1938, Turkey rose from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire and reestablished itself as a democracy. Almost eighty years later, Ataturk’s legacy is in jeopardy. In 2017, the Turkey held a constitutional referendum to radically restructure the nation’s government and place an unprecedented degree of power in the office of the presidency. -
The Signers of the U.S. Constitution
CONSTITUTIONFACTS.COM The U.S Constitution & Amendments: About the Signers (Continued) The Signers of the U.S. Constitution On September 17, 1787, the Constitutional Convention came to a close in the Assembly Room of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There were seventy individuals chosen to attend the meetings with the initial purpose of amending the Articles of Confederation. Rhode Island opted to not send any delegates. Fifty-five men attended most of the meetings, there were never more than forty-six present at any one time, and ultimately only thirty-nine delegates actually signed the Constitution. (William Jackson, who was the secretary of the convention, but not a delegate, also signed the Constitution. John Delaware was absent but had another delegate sign for him.) While offering incredible contributions, George Mason of Virginia, Edmund Randolph of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts refused to sign the final document because of basic philosophical differences. Mainly, they were fearful of an all-powerful government and wanted a bill of rights added to protect the rights of the people. The following is a list of those individuals who signed the Constitution along with a brief bit of information concerning what happened to each person after 1787. Many of those who signed the Constitution went on to serve more years in public service under the new form of government. The states are listed in alphabetical order followed by each state’s signers. Connecticut William S. Johnson (1727-1819)—He became the president of Columbia College (formerly known as King’s College), and was then appointed as a United States Senator in 1789. -
NJDARM: Collection Guide
NJDARM: Collection Guide - NEW JERSEY STATE ARCHIVES COLLECTION GUIDE Record Group: Department of Defense Subgroup: Adjutant General's Office (Revolutionary War) Series: Copies of Correspondence, 1777-1782 Accession #: Unknown Series #: SDEA1005 Guide Date: Pre-1989 Volume: 0.5 c.f. [1 box] Contents Item Description 1. "A Citizen" of Essex County to Baron Von Knyphausen, June 27, 1780. 2. Baron D'Arendt to [Alexander] Hamilton, October 29, 1777. 3. Baron D'Arendt to [Alexander] Hamilton, October 26, 1777. 4. Lady Theresa Asgill to Count de Vergennes, [1782]. 5. Lady Theresa Asgill to Count de Vergennes, [1782]. 6. Lady Theresa Asgill to [?] Gordon, [1782]. 7. Joseph Brown to William Irvine, February 29, 1780, [Extract]. 8. Benjamin Ford to [William] Irvine, January 6, 1780. 9. Benjamin Ford to [William] Irvine, January 8, 1780. 10. Benjamin Ford to [William] Irvine, January 14, 1780. 11. George Germain to Henry Clinton, September 2, 1778. 12. [Caleb] Gibb to George Washington, August 20, 1779. 13. Alexander Hamilton to William Irvine, June 11, 1779. 14. Nathaniel Heard to [Asher] Holmes, April 17, 1779. 15. E.C. de Hoenning to [Friedrich von] Steuben, October 25, 1781; return of Hessian prisoners captured at Yorktown, Virginia, [2 copies], [2 items]. 16. Jonathan Holmes to [his father], January 6, 1777; Jonathan Holmes to [his father], January 1, 1777. 17. William Irvine to Ann Irvine, June 24, 1780, [2 copies]. file:///M|/highpoint/webdocs/state/darm/darm2011/guides/guides%20for%20pdf/sdea1005.html[5/16/2011 9:36:33 AM] NJDARM: Collection Guide - 18. W[illiam] Irvine to George Washington, January 1, 1780, [2 copies]. -
Sons of the American Revolution
OFFICIAL BULLETIN OP' THE NATIONAL SOCIETY OP' THe: SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION President General Orvanized April 30, 1889 William Allen Marble, New Y orlt City Incorporated by Act of Con111eu June 9, 1906 Volume V DECEMBER, 1910 Number 3 Published at the office of the Secretary General (A. Howard Clark, Smithsonian Insti tution), Washinaton, D. C., in May, October, December, and Marcb. Entered as second-class matter, Mav 7, 1908, at tbe post-office at Washington, D. C., under the Act of July 16, 1894. THE OFFICIAL BULLETIN records action by the General Officers, the Board of Trustees, the Executive and other National Committees, lists of members deceased and of new members, and important doings of State Societies. State Secretaries are requested to communicate to the Secretary General accounts of meetings or celebrations. If we want to advance the interests of our Society, we can do it in no better way than by placing our hands to the work, whatever it may be, wherever we find a work of true patriotic character to be done; and so doing we shall make this beloved Society of ours a pride, not merely to ourselves, not merely to a few who may be interested in historical matters, but a pride to this, Our Nation. PusiD£NT G£N£11Al. STocuamc£, Buffalo Congress Banquet, 1908. OFFICIAL NOTICES. LoUISVILLE CoNGREss.-The Twenty-second Annual Congress will meet at Louisville on April 30, I9II, as the guests of the Kentucky Society. The President General has appointed the foiJowing N a tiona) Committee on Arrangements for the Louisville Congress: Col.