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Demonstration of 2Nd Generation Vegetable Oil Fuels in Advanced Engines the 2Nd Vegoil Project Final Event Brussels, Dec. 19Th 2

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Demonstration of 2Nd Generation Vegetable Oil Fuels in Advanced Engines the 2Nd Vegoil Project Final Event Brussels, Dec. 19Th 2 Demonstration of 2nd Generation Vegetable Oil Fuels in Advanced Engines The 2nd VegOil Project Final Event Brussels, Dec. 19th 2011 Pathways to Sustainable Biofuels in Agriculture The 2nd VegOil Project Stefanie Dieringer Peter Pickel John Deere European Technology Innovation Center 1 LET‘S START WITH A QUESTION 3 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 WHAT IS THE GREATEST INNOVATION OF MANKIND? 4 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 2 John Deere Tractors? So what? 5 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 Innovation No 1 Arable crop farming ¾ After more than 1 Mio years … • … mankind changed nutrition style completely from protein based to carbohydrate (energy) based … • … enabling unbelievable welfare and population growth up to 7,000,000,000 recently…. nzz.ch • … creating the need for world climate summits • … and mankind started to settle down 6 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 3 Innovation No 2 g r o . a i d e m i k i W Live stock farming e d . i ¾ Animal proteins as the first luxury „mass e - d n product“ … a l g r e • … bringing back protein based nutrition b r e s and … e W • … the 7,000,000,000 population will grow and with this people will develop a growing demand for better life conditions and thus for proteins telewissen.de 7 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 Innovation No 3 Agricultural machinery Onlinekunst.de Agricultural production technology ¾ Improved welfare and prosperity ¾ Partially a combination with live stock farming fotofinder.com ¾ Needs drive train energy (fuel) 8 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 4 9 11 Basic assumptions Basic Innovation N | | EU 2nd VegOil EU Brussels DecemberFinal 19 Event | 2011 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 | | Event Final VegOil Brussels 19 December 2nd EU John Deere - comitted to those who are linked to the land … You already know N o • • • • • • 4? JOHN DEERE‘s JOHN colours are the colours of rapeseed production of rapeseed oil in Central Europe optimalfind We agricultural conditions for sustainability (but usage isstrongly limited) As afuelvegetable oilcan support global biofuels(except fromwaste-based fuels) has oil the highest energy efficiency ofall available vegetable pressed cold of process production The photosynthesis is found in naturalvegetableoil by produced density energy highest The term prospective mobile agricultural machines at least foramid Diesel engines willstay basic drivetechnology for o 5 ... 5 Basic Assumptions Potential (Self-)Supply Diesel consumption of German agricultural sector 1.55 Mio t = 6.65 · 1010 MJ = 2,2% of total transport = 5% of total diesel consumption Æ 1.82 Mio. ha Maximum possible area for § 10% of cultivated area rapeseed: 1.8 Mio ha per year. (UFOP) + releasing cultivated area by combined protein feed production 12 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 Pure Vegetable Oil Powered Tractors Mandatory side conditions 1. Minimum farm size 2. or farming societies 3. or increasing diesel price 4. Tax regulations must fit 5. Rapeseed cake usage 6. Decentralized/self supply 7. Manufacturer supply 13 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 6 Pure Vegetable Oil Powered Tractor The challenges 1. Emissions (NOx) 2. Emission after treatment 3. Engine lubrification 4. Fuel viscosity nd Demonstration of 2 Generation 5. Thermal characteristics Vegetable Oil Fuels in Advanced Engines 6. Cold start behaviour 7. Transient behaviour 2ndVegOil 8. Engine power/characteristic 9. Storage of fuel 10.Quality of fuel and blends 14 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 Innovation No. 4! Summary Pure cold pressed vegetable oil as an agricultural fuel is an integrated technological approach … combing the three grand innovations and contributing to … … sustainability and … … agricultural economy and … … to our future business It‘s a puzzle piece! Let‘s go for it! 15 | EU 2nd VegOil Final Event | Brussels | 19 December 2011 7 Highlights of Pure Plant Oil Fuel Thomas Kaiser, VWP Allersberg-Göggelsbuch Germany Engine Demonstration (WP5) Results field test 2ndVegOil project regineering – Duft & Innerhofer GbR (IBDI) Tino Wunderlich 8 PPO as fuel, initial situation ¾100 tractors program (FNR, 2001-2005) ¾ Initial experiences PPO in tractors! ¾ Different tractors and conversion systems ¾ OEMs no official project partners ¾ Only recommendations for PPO quality results: ¾ Defective injection pumps, nozzles, valves, pistons ¾ Fatal engine damages (due to fuel & conversion tech) ¾ Unsettled operators Engine Demonstration 2ndVegOil project 18 19.12.2011 Lessons learned, new approach ¾2ndVegOil project (EC, 2008-2011) ¾ John Deere tractors and OEM PPO technology ¾ Project consortium includes OEM ¾ Double strategy, engine & fuel development ¾ PPO requirements & Q.A. ¾ field test support results: ¾ Technical defects comparable to diesel use ¾ No fatal engine damage ¾ Other plant species work Engine Demonstration 2ndVegOil project 19 19.12.2011 9 Highlights 2ndVegOil field test ¾Proof of concept ¾ 16-4-24000-0 (tractors – nations - operating hours – total failures) ¾ PPO tractors with stable power output ¾ Injectors with constant rate of flow ¾ PPO Emission limits EU Stage 3A, 3B, 4 proven Engine performance (ID-3, 613561) 130 Injected fuel amount 120 (ID-7 after 3.246 OPh, RS, type 118, JD Protect 100) 110 n o 220 80% i t a 200 1000 60% i v ] 100 e JDK_RK_vor AGN (n=3) W JDG_DK_vor AGN (n=3) d 180 ppm 40% k / [ JDG_DK_nach AGN (n=3) JDK_RK_nach AGN (n=3) ref. injectors 118 ) d . ] JDG_RK_vor AGN (n=3) JDK_JT_vor AGN (n=3) ) r 160 20% c 800 a l t s 90 JDG_RK_nache AGN (n=3) JDK_JT_nach AGN (n=3) a s a r / c g ³ p ( 140 700 0% b n s r m avg. injectors 1-6 A e e n m 120 s 600 -20% w [ 80 o e i t o l s h e P s 100 i -40% c 500 u f u dev. avg./ref. m e f E d 80 -60% 70 - 400 f e X t u O a c 60 -80% . 300 e N j z spread 1-6 n e 60 i 40 b 200 -100% ( 20 100 -120% 50 0 0 -140% 900 1.100 1.300 1.500 1.700 1.900 2.1000 1 22.300 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Prüfphase: 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Prüfphasen in Anlehnung an ISO 8178 C1 RPM [1/min] measuring point Engine Demonstration 2ndVegOil project 20 19.12.2011 Outlook ¾Goals PPO fuels ¾ Decentralized PPO fuel for agriculture ¾ Professionell R&D engineering ¾ PPO quality standards & Q.A. ¾ Improve framework conditions (basic requirement) Engine Demonstration 2ndVegOil project 21 19.12.2011 10 Technische Universität München Project results workpackage II (hybrid engine development) Project 2ndVegOil Institute of internal combustion engines Technische Universität München Prof. Dr.-Ing. Georg Wachtmeister Authors: Georg Wachtmeister, Andreas Hubert Final project meeting 19.12.2011 Brussels, Belgium Technische Universität München Objectives • Identification of challenging operating conditions Demonstration of Reliable Engine • Avoidence of fouling Operation tendency • Consistent utilisation of vegoil properties • Development of an hybrid operation strategy Development of an Hybrid Driveline • Adjustment / Optimization of the ICE for hybrid operation modes Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 23 11 Technische Universität München Injection Strategy Improved Low Load Operation 0D-working cycle-calc. GOAL: Engine 1-D hydraulic- measurement LOW LOAD calc. analysis EMISSIONS below Diesel level New mapping 3-D spray & Spray combustion- proposal: testing at measurements the ICE test bench sim. Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 24 Technische Universität München Reduced Fouling Tendency After After operation with operation with New injector 1st Gen. Veg. 2nd Gen. Oil Veg. Oil Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 25 12 Technische Universität München Hybrid Calculation Model Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 26 Technische Universität München Hybrid Calculation Model Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 27 13 Technische Universität München Optimization of Load Profile with Hybrid Strategy Charging phase: Discharging phase: Accu. charging in Dynamic demand moderate transient for ICE is reduced areas Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 28 Technische Universität München Achievements Diesel STOCK 100% 17% reduction of NOx 76% reduction of EC, 44% reduction of PM Moderate increase (3%) of energy consumption WITHOUT EXHAUST AFTERTREATMENT! Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 29 14 Technische Universität München Thank you for your attention! Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Wachtmeister - LVK - Brussels, 19.12.2011 30 6th Meeting EU 2nd VegOil Work Package 4: Engine Lubricant Development (Used Lubricant Analysis) 19th December 2011 15 Presentation Contents • Lubricants being assessed in field trials • Summary of used lubricant samples received • Used lubricant analysis from German tractors – L06930N586574 – ACEA E7 Lubricant (OS241936) – L06930N613519 – ACEA E9 Lubricant (OS240946) – Conclusions from German tractors • Used lubricant analysis from all tractors - in Germany, Austria, Poland and France • Overall conclusions 32 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2011. All rights reserved. Lubricants being Assessed in Field Trials ACEA E7 Engine ACEA E9 Engine Lubricant Lubricant Lubrizol Oil Code OS241936 OS240946 Viscosity Grade 15W-40 15W-40 ExxonMobil AP/E 150N Group I Base Oil 59.4 - ExxonMobil AP/E 600N Group I Base Oil 20 - Chevron 220R (220N) Group II Base Oil - 71.1 Chevron 600R (600N) Group II Base Oil - 6.1 Lubrizol® 4986E Engine Lubricant Additive 12.6 - Lubrizol® 40007 Engine Lubricant Additive - 16.5 Lubrizol® 7077 Viscosity Modifier 7.7 - Lubrizol® 7075F Viscosity Modifier - 6.1 Lubrizol® 6662 Pour Point Depressant 0.3 0.2 Typical Chemical & Physical Properties Kinematic Viscosity at 100oC mm2/s 14.7 16.2 Cold Crank Simulation at -25oC mPa.s 6600 6685 High Temperature High Shear mPa.s 4.1 4.3 Total Base Number mg KOH/g 9.1 8.4 Sulphated Ash % wt 1.15 0.97 33 © The Lubrizol Corporation 2011.
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