Sandesh Spring Issue-Electronic Final
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“The Message” A Newsletter from IndUS of Fox Valley By Gurumukh Singh Dear Readers, s Indian immigration into North came back to Canada immediately and others The theme of our current America - the US and Canada - began returned after retirement and sponsored their issue is “Pioneers Across the on the West coast in the last decade of relatives to Canada. In fact, by the first decade Seven Seas”. We bring to the 19th century, almost all early immigrants of the 20th century, the Sikhs had their full- light lives of some were Punjabis from the central Punjab region. fledged village called Paldi - on Vancouver fascinating people who In fact, more than 90 percent of them were Island - in British Columbia. They found work traveled across the globe. Sikhs. Why did they leave their homes and at lumber mills and on road construction sites hearths to make a living in a far-off land? One, and farms. But then a recession from 1907 shrinking landholdings and worsening onwards led to tighter immigration controls by These early migrants not economic conditions. Two, massive Sikh Canada. The same year, Canada banned all new only contributed to the recruitment into the Indian army after the immigration and plans were mooted to send country they adopted, but defeat of the Sikh immigrants to Honduras. So these they struggled to keep their Khalsa Raj by conditions forced Sikh immigrants in Canada native culture intact. Our the British in to sneak into Washington and Oregon and on to lives are easier because of 1849, thus California and swell the ranks of their brethren them. We stand on their opening the in the US. shoulders. outside world to According to Echoes of Freedom: South Asian the opportunity- Pioneers in California by the UC Berkeley, seeking there were about 2,000 Indians in the US in Punjabis. Third, 1899 and their immigration peaked by 1910. In An IndUS of Fox Valley the development California, these illiterate `Hindoos’ or Publication of railway Editors `Orientalists’ - as Sikhs and other Indians were network from Punjab to ports of Bombay and called then - clustered around the San Joaquin Dr. Sandhya Sridhar Calcutta, thus triggering the outflow of (Chief Editor) Valley, El Centro in the Imperial Valley and Punjab’s manpower. Many left for North the Sacramento Valley. They formed `gangs’ of Dr. Sudeep Sodhi America by mortgaging their lands to pay fare (Features Editor) seasonal labour to cater to the needs of local for the steamships from Calcutta to Hong Kong agriculture for as little as 10 cents an hour. Ms. Sonu Pareek and onwards to San Francisco and Vancouver. (News Editor) And the history of early Sikh immigrants in Since the law didn’t allow them ownership of Mr Rajan Subramanian California is deeply intertwined with that of the land, many intermarried women of Mexican (Design and Format) early Sikh immigrants into Canada. and white origin so they could buy land in their Ms. Sonia Baherawala wife’s name. However, these interracial Ms. Viju Sethu Rao Briefly, Sikh immigration into Canada was marriages didn’t solve their problem as such Advisor triggered by the journey of a Hong Kong-based marriages were prohibited under California Sikh regiment through Canada. The regiment Dr. Badri Varma law. But many individual Sikhs saved enough was invited to London for Queen Victoria’s to lease huge tracts of land. During these trying The views expressed in the diamond jubilee celebrations in 1897 and on its articles are not times, the small community - there were very way back to Hong Kong, it travelled from few Sikh women - formed the Pacific Coast necessarily those of the Montreal to Vancouver via train. Coming from Editors or IndUS of Khalsa Diwan Society in 1912 to serve as a Fox Valley agricultural background, these Sikh soldiers focal point for its religious, social and cultural saw huge farming prospects in Canada. So the life. And the same year at the initiative of two news spread in Punjab. Many of these soldiers Sikh farmers - Jawala Singh and reached such absurd levels that in 1922 Berkeley had ignited in him die. He Basakha singh the community raised the US Supreme Court rejected the became a vocal advocate of the rights of money to build the first Sikh temple in citizenship of Bhagat Singh Thind - a Indian immigrants and India’s right to the US at Stockton. As Inder Singh, Sikh who had served in the US army and freedom. In fact, the Sikh Temple in chairman of the Global Organization of People of Indian Origin, says, ``Jawala was granted the citizenship by an Oregon Stockton roped this irrepressible Sikh in Singh and Basakha took this initiative. District Court - on the grounds that only to write a rebuttal to Katherine Mayo’s They were initially labourers who later people of the Caucasian race could be book Mother India - which made became potato kings and made lots of granted this privilege and that Thind was derogatory references to India. money. They bought the house on South not Caucasian in ``the common man's Grant Street for the first Sikh gurdwara understanding of the term.’’ And Saund wrote a fitting rebuttal in the in the US.’’ As Singh points out, ``The form of My Mother India in 1930. Years Stockton Sikh Temple served not only as Enter Dalip Singh Saund - the man of later, this early California Sikh settler a religious, cultural and social center for formed the India Association of America the early Sikhs, but also as the venue for Gadarites to hold their important, secret and joined hands with Sikh businessman meetings. Even the late Congressman JJ Singh Walia (of New York-based Dalip Singh Saund was once the Indian League of America) and Mubarak secretary of the Stockton Sikh Temple Ali Khan (India Welfare League) to which played such an important role in lobby Congresswoman Clare Boothe the life of early Sikhs in California.’’ Luce of Connecticut and Congressman The Stockton Sikh Temple was to Emanuel Cellar of New York to remain the center of the Sikh community’s life until the passage of the introduce the Luce-Celler bill in 1946 to Luce-Celler Bill in 1946 and the grant citizenship to the people of Indian construction of another Sikh temple at origin in the US. El Centro in 1948 when the community destiny. This early Sikh settler in started growing around the Sacramento Saund went on to become the first California was to get the Indians in the Valley. On the other hand, the anti- Congressman of Asian origin in US US their citizenship rights and then immigration sentiment had not been far history when he was elected to Congress become the first Asian to get elected to from surface in the US from the days of from the Imperial Valley in 1957. the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 to bar the US Congress in 1957. Born on Meanwhile, as the Luce-Cellar Bill the Chinese and the Gentleman’s September 20, 1899, at Chhajalwadi opened the gates for more Sikhs, the Agreement of 1907 to bar the Japanese. village near Amritsar, this young Sikh growth center of the Sikh community in came to the US in 1920 to study food California started shifting from the preservation in the University of Imperial Valley to the Sacramento California at Berkeley. But a year later, Valley. Today, the thriving Sikh he got disillusioned and switched to community of Yuba City is a symbol of mathematics and received his MA in the continuation of the story that began 1922 and a Ph.D in 1924. From here with early Sikh settlers in California. onwards, his life story was to become the story of the early Sikh - rather Indian - Gurmukh Singh is the author of The Rise of settlers in California and the United Sikhs Abroad and California Dreams. States. Formerly a special correspondent with the Times of India in New Delhi and the Canada As xenophobia rose again, the US passed But midst all his struggles for survival, correspondent for Indo-Asian News Service, the Immigration Act of 1917 followed by the young Saund never let the spark that he currently operates out of Toronto where the Oriental Exclusion Act of 1924 to his association with the Hindustan he also occasionally writes for the ban immigration from Asia, including Association of America at the UC mainstream newspapers. India. In fact, the xenophobic sentiment If the Wright brothers hadn't put their lives on the line, we would not be flying around the world these days. So we need pioneers. - Felix Baumgartner, Austrian Skydiver By Dr. Sudeep Sodhi ver more people today have the through medical missions of the died. She believed that it was a calling means to live, but no meaning to American Board, later of the Dutch and a challenge set before her by God to live for.” ~ Viktor Frankl Reformed Board. On June 8th, 1819, 26 begin a ministry dedicated to the health Today The Christian Medical College years old Dr. John Scudder boarded the needs of the people of India, particularly and Hospital is ranked among the top ship ‘Indus’ along with his wife Mrs. women and children. Consequently, Ida hospitals in India and is a recent Harriet Scudder, daughter Maria and went back to America, entered medical recipient of a Bill and Melinda Gates their maid Amy from Boston’s Fulton’s training and, in 1899, was one of the grant for expanding their vaccinations St. Dock and embarked on a journey that first women graduates of the Weill program.