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Autor(A), O Texto Completo Desta Dissertação Será Disponibilizado Somente a Partir De 28/05/2022 RESSALVA Atendendo solicitação do(a) autor(a), o texto completo desta dissertação será disponibilizado somente a partir de 28/05/2022. UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS FERNANDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS Reflexões sobre a conduta dos guerreiros na Inglaterra da primeira metade do Quatrocentos FRANCA 2020 FERNANDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS Reflexões sobre a conduta dos guerreiros na Inglaterra da primeira metade do Quatrocentos Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em História da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus de Franca, para obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Área de Concentração: História e Cultura Orientação: Profa. Dra. Susani Silveira Lemos França. FRANCA 2020 Santos, Fernando Pereira dos S237r Reflexões sobre a conduta dos guerreiros na Inglaterra da primeira metade do Quatrocentos / Fernando Pereira dos Santos. -- Franca, 2020 379 f. : tabs., mapas Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Franca Orientadora: Susani Silveira Lemos França 1. História Militar Medieval. 2. Guerra dos Cem Anos, 1339-1453. 3. Vícios. I. Título. Sistema de geração automática de fichas catalográficas da Unesp. Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Franca. Dados fornecidos pelo autor(a). Essa ficha não pode ser modificada. FERNANDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS Reflexões sobre a conduta dos guerreiros na Inglaterra da primeira metade do Quatrocentos Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, campus de Franca, como pré-requisito para a obtenção do título de Doutor em História. Área de concentração: História e Cultura Linha de pesquisa: História e Cultura Social BANCA EXAMINADORA Profa. Dra. Susani Silveira Lemos França (presidente) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/Franca) Prof. Dr. José Manuel Henriques Varandas Universidade de Lisboa (FLUP) Prof. Dra. Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Prof. Dr. Fabiano Fernandes Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Prof. Dr. Rafael Afonso Gonçalves Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Franca, 28/05/2020 Dedico o presente estudo aos meus pais, in memoriam. AGRADECIMENTOS É fundamental pontuar o reconhecimento ao apoio recebido da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Código de Financiamento 001, sem o qual a realização do doutoramento não teria sido possível. Registro minha gratidão a orientadora desta pesquisa, Professora Susani Silveira Lemos França, cuja serenidade e profissionalismo no desempenho do ofício docente foram imprescindíveis para a minha formação pessoal e profissional ao longo de toda a última década. Aqui também pontuo o inestimável auxílio da professora Catherine Nall durante minha estadia no Royal Holloway, University of London. Suas sugestões durante o labor tradutório do Livro da Nobreza foram inestimáveis para elucidar passagens de maior nível de complexidade. Reconheço, em uma mesma medida, a presteza da professora Carolina Akie Ochiai Seixas Lima (UFMT) em contribuir com a tradução de citações em latim realizadas por William Worcester naquele mesmo tratado. Aos membros das bancas de qualificação e de defesa, pela leitura minuciosa do texto e das discussões realizadas durante as duas ocasiões. Seus contributos certamente enriqueceram a versão final do presente trabalho, assim como minhas ponderações futuras sobre o tema investigado. Também é fundamental lembrar aqui dos servidores da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da UNESP/Franca, sobretudo aqueles que atuam ou atuaram na biblioteca da instituição no quadriênio 2016/2019. Seu comprometimento em prover um espaço de qualidade ímpar para os estudos influiu positivamente na possibilidade de desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Por fim, os anos empenhados na realização da pesquisa tornaram-se mais brandos com o apoio, em muitos sentidos, de Gláucia Pereira dos Santos, Maria Cardoso de Moura, Joel Tavares e Magda Semprini. Em registros fidedignos, encontram-se os nomes daqueles que, em favor da honra e da glória imortais, diligenciaram seu amor, probidade e obediência ao príncipe e aos seus domínios em todas as horas de necessidade, servindo-lhe com o mesmo bom propósito e dedicando-lhe o dispêndio de suas vidas. Há, contudo, também aqueles perniciosos traidores que agiram de modo contrário aos seus soberanos e aos seus domínios por meio de conluios e de meios ardilosos, rebelando-se contra aqueles que os governam. A despeito de seu dever em auxiliá-los, foram indolentes, e por isso, em uma mesma medida, devem ter seus nomes conhecidos e associados à infâmia, reprovação e vergonha eternas. (Acusações do cavaleiro inglês Sir John Hardying sobre os inimigos do rei e também acerca de seus próprios pares de armas, c. 1457). SANTOS, Fernando Pereira. Reflexões sobre a conduta dos guerreiros na Inglaterra da primeira metade do Quatrocentos. 2020. 378f. Tese (Doutorado em História) – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, 2020. RESUMO Ao longo da primeira metade do Quatrocentos, expedições militares levaram à ocupação efetiva de domínios na França pleiteados pelos monarcas ingleses. A despeito do sucesso dessas campanhas iniciadas em 1413, a governação daqueles territórios até primórdios da década de 1450 foi marcada, segundo relatos conhecidos, por instabilidades decorrentes da conduta inadequada dos guerreiros de um lado e de outro da contenda. Tais descaminhos foram alvo das inquietações de William Worcester (1415-1480/5?), letrado que denunciou em seu tratado Boke of Noblesse um fazer bélico contemporâneo descompassado, pouco virtuoso e marcado por desvios, distante, pois, dos modelos recomendados aos cristãos. Suas reflexões, quando comparadas com outras externadas por seus contemporâneos, trazem indicações sobre as etapas de organização e execução do conflito e permitem questionar características do fazer marcial quatrocentista tanto dos adversários franceses como dos próprios guerreiros ingleses. Ao atentar para esse aspecto, o objetivo desta investigação é perquirir o que se julgou condenável no empreendimento das contendas, interrogando, a partir da produção escrita inglesa, a redefinição dos caminhos para a condução do conflito e dos planos de conquista. Em síntese, a pesquisa dispõe-se a questionar sobre uma fração particular da história da guerra: os juízos e avaliações sobre os combatentes, esmiuçando seu papel como espelho para interpretar as condutas dos povos para além do próprio conflito. Palavras-chave: Guerra dos Cem Anos – moralidade marcial – escritos sobre a guerra – William Worcester SANTOS, Fernando Pereira. Fifteenth-century England reflections on warrior's conduct. 2020. 378f. Ph.D. Degree in History – Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, São Paulo State University, Franca, 2020. ABSTRACT At the first half of fifteenth-century, military expeditions led to the effective occupation of French domains claimed by English monarchs. Despite the successful results achieved in the campaigns started in 1413, it was generally asserted that, until the beginning of 1450’s, the governance of those territories was characterized by instabilities originated from the inadequate behavior of warriors on both sides of the struggle. Such state of overall jeopardy was noticed by William Worcester (1415-1480/5?) in his treatise Boke of Noblesse, where he denounced a state of disorderly warfare, on the one hand, poorly associated with virtues and, on the other, strongly related to vices, stretched away from Christian recommended models. When compared to his contemporaries ideas, William Worcester’s offer evidences regarding crucial steps in conflict organization and performance, enabling, in like manner, a proper questioning of both French and English martial enterprises characteristics. Aware of such perspective, this inquest targets what was understood as condemnable in war making, and, therefore, it interrogates English writings about the desired paths to be tread on effective conflict development and conquest plans. Shortly, this research aims to question a particular fraction of military history: the reasonings and evaluations concerning warriors’ behaviour, scrutinizing their role as a mirror that enables a deeper interpretation of people’s conducts beyond war itself. Keywords: Hundred Years War – martial morality – writings about war – William Worcester. SANTOS, Fernando Pereira. Reflexiones acerca de la conducta de los guerreros en la Inglaterra de la primera mitad del Cuatrocientos. 2020. 378f. Tesis (Doctorado em História) – Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, 2020. RESUMEN A lo largo de la primera mitad del Cuatrocientos, expediciones militares llevaron a la ocupación efectiva de dominios en Francia pleiteados por los monarcas ingleses. A pesar del éxito de estas campañas iniciadas en 1413, la gobernación de aquellos territorios hasta principio de la década de 1450 fue marcada, según relatos conocidos, por instabilidades consecuentes de la conducta inadecuada de los guerreros de un lado y de otro de la contienda. Tales descaminos fueron objeto de las inquietudes de William Worcester (1415-1480/5?) letrado que denunció en su tratado Boke of Noblesse un hacer bélico contemporáneo descomedido, poco virtuoso
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