Supplementary Table 8.1. Selected fossils of early diverging eudicots clade taxon organ source minimum age reference estimate (Mya) Indet. Eudicot Leefructus mirus plant with Early Cretaceous 125 Sun et al. 2011 leaves and (Early Aptian) Yixian fruits Fm, Liaoning, China

Ceratophyllaceae Ceratophyllum sp. fruit Late Cretaceous Early 72 Aulenbach 2009 Maastrichtian, Horseshoe Canyon Fm, Alberta Stem Ranunculaecarpus fruit Early Cretaceous 102 Samylina 1960; Friis et Ranunculaceae? (Albian) Kolyma Basin, al. 2011 East Siberia Russia Berberidaceae Mahonia marginata Leaves Late Eocene, 34 MacGinitie 1953 Florissant, Colorado Menispermaceae Stephania fruit Middle to late 58 Herrera et al 2011 palaeosudamericana Paleocene, Colombia Menispermaceae Palaeoluna spp. fruit Paleocene Colombia 58-56 Herrera et al 2011 and Wyoming, USA Proteaceae Beaupreaidites, Pollen Late Cretaceous 83-66 Dettmann and Jarzen Cranwellipollis, resembling (Campanian– 1996 Lewalanipollis, extant genera Maastrichtian) Propylipollis, of the family southeastern Australia Proteacidites Platanaceae Aquia brookensis staminate Early–Middle Albian 109 Crane et al. 1993 inflorescences, ‘Bank near Brooke’, flowers Virginia, USA Platanaceae Credneria denticulata Leaves with Late Cretaceous 85 Tschan et al. epidermal (Santonian), 2008 preservation Quedlinburg, Germany Platanaceae Platanus spp. Leaves with Late Cretaceous 85 Tschan et al. 2008 cuticle and (Santonian), staminate Quedlinburg, Germany inflorescences Platanaceae Platanites marginata Compound Late Cretaceous 66 K. Johnson 1996; leaves (Maastrichtian), Manchester 2014 Paleocene, North America Platanaceae Macginitiea nobilis Leaves and Paleocene, western 60 Manchester 2014 associated North America reproductive structures Nelumbonaceae Nelumbites leaves Early Cretaceous 102 Upchurch et al. 1994 extenuinervis (Upper Albian) Quantico, Virginia Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo puertae leaves and Late Cretaceous 83-66 Gandolfo and Cuneo fruit (Campanian– 2005 Maastrichtian) Patagonia, Argentina. Sabiaceae Meliosma praealba fruit Late Cretaceous 67 Knobloch and Mai (Maastrichtian), 1986 Walbeck, Germany Sabiaceae Meliosma spp. fruit Late Cretaceous (Late 66 Crane et al. 1990 Maastrichtian) Golden Colorado Sabiaceae Insitiocarpus fruit Late Cretaceous 70 Knobloch and Mai compressus. (Maastrichtian), 1986 Walbeck, Germany Sabiaceae Sabia prefoetida fruit Middle Eocene Clarno 46 Manchester 1994 Fm, Oregon Trochodendraceae Trochodendron leaves, fruits Eocene of British 49 Pigg et al .2007 nastae, T. drachukii Columbia, Canada and northwestern USA Trochodendraceae Tetracentron leaves Eocene, One Mile 49 Pigg et al .2007 hopkinsii Creek, British Columbia Buxaceae Spanomera flowers Early Cenomanian 100 Drinnan et al. 1991 mauldinensis Mauldin Mountain locality and S. Buxaceae Erdtmanipollis pollen Late Cretaceous 80 Srivastava 1972; Friis resembling (Campanian) Northern et al 2011 extant Hemisphere Pachysandra and Sarcococca