Agricultural Development: Planning and Implementation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Agriculture in Israel Where R&D Meets Nation Needs Itzhak Ben-David
State of Israel Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Agriculture in Israel Where R&D Meets Nation Needs Itzhak Ben-David Deputy Director General (Foreign Trade), Sacramento (CA)., May 25, 2017 1 Basic Facts about Israel Population: 8,309,400 Area: 22,000 km2 GDP Agriculture 12.6 Billion NIS - 1.4% Employment in Agriculture about 40,000 - 1.2% 2 Agro-food Exports 2.4 Billion NIS - 3.7% Agro-food Import 5.3 Billion NIS - 7.3% Main constraints on Israeli Ag. sector Israel’s small land area is divided into 4 distinct climate zones Shortage of natural water resources Scarcity of precipitation Two thirds of Israel area is defined as semi- arid or arid Shortage of “On farm labor” Complex geopolitical environment Distance from the export & import markets Additional constraints Support of Agriculture in Israel Low level of support for farmers, Compared to other developed countries Decline of support levels over time Mainly, distortive market price support measures Research, Economy and Strategy Division - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Producer Support Estimates by Country (% of gross farm receipts) 2014 2013 % 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 Source: OECD, PSE/CSE Database, 2015 Israeli Agriculture R&D and Investment (From OECD report on the Israeli Agriculture) The Agriculture sector has benefited from high levels of investment in research and development, well developed education systems and high performing extension serviced Israel is a world leader in many aspects of agricultural technology, particularly those associated with -
Rethinking the Sustainability of Israel's Irrigation Practices in the Drylands*
Water Research 90 (2016) 387e394 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Water Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/watres Review Rethinking the sustainability of Israel's irrigation practices in the Drylands* Alon Tal The Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental Research, Ben Gurion University, Israel article info abstract Article history: Broad utilization of drip irrigation technologies in Israel has contributed to the 1600 percent increase in Received 8 October 2015 the value of produce grown by local farmers over the past sixty-five years. The recycling of 86% of Israeli Received in revised form sewage now provides 50% of the country's irrigation water and is the second, idiosyncratic component in 9 December 2015 Israel's strategy to overcome water scarcity and maintain agriculture in a dryland region. The sustain- Accepted 11 December 2015 ability of these two practices is evaluated in light of decades of experience and ongoing research by the Available online 15 December 2015 local scientific community. The review confirms the dramatic advantages of drip irrigation over time, relative to flood, furrow and sprinkler irrigation and its significance as a central component in agricul- keywords: fi Wastewater reuse tural production, especially under arid conditions. In contrast, empirical ndings increasingly report fl Drip irrigation damage to soil and to crops from salinization caused by irrigation with ef uents. To be environmentally Salinity and agriculturally sustainable over time, wastewater reuse programs must ensure extremely high quality Sustainability treated effluents and ultimately seek the desalinization of recycled sewage. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Introduction . ................................................ 387 2. Drip irrigation: sustainability concerns . -
Exporter Guide Israel
THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Date: 12/27/2012 Israel Exporter Guide Approved By: Jonathan P. Gressel Agricultural Minister Counselor U.S. Embassy, Cairo Prepared By: Gilad Shachar and Mariano J. Beillard Report Highlights: This report provides updated information for U.S. companies exporting food and agricultural products to Israel. The report highlights import custom duties changes signed into effect in July 2012, which may benefit a number of U.S.-origin products. However, where the United States has a tariff-rate quota these changes may erode trade preferences granted under the U.S.-Israel Free Trade Agreement. Best prospects for U.S. exports include grains, oilseeds, dried fruits, all kinds of tree nuts, and prepared food products. Israel’s imports of U.S. agricultural products may fall in 2012 to $560 million, a drop of 27 percent. The Israeli economic slowdown, a strong dollar, and a reduction in U.S. corn exports combined with a good grain harvest in the countries of the Former Soviet Union have slowed imports. Section I: Market Overview Economic and Demographic Situation Israel is a parliamentary democracy of 7.7 million people, of which 75 percent are Jewish (5.8 million) and 20 percent Arab (mainly Muslim). Israel hosts some 200,000 Southeast Asian guest workers. Israel’s population growth rate is 1.8 percent. Israel is a sophisticated, industrialized country with a diversified manufacturing base. However the global economy’s weakness and economic malaise in the European Union (EU), Israel’s main export market are contributing to an economic slowdown. -
Management of Wildlife-Human Conflicts in Israel: a Wide Variety of Vertebrate Pest Problems in a Difficult and Compact Environment
Management of Wildlife-Human Conflicts in Israel: A Wide Variety of Vertebrate Pest Problems in a Difficult and Compact Environment Simon C. Nemtzov Science and Conservation Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority (INPA), Jerusalem, Israel Abstract: Although Israel is a small country, it sits at the junction of three continents, and has an especially rich diversity of ecotones and wildlife. In addition, Israel serves as a narrow land-bridge on the major migratory route for millions of birds between Eurasia and Africa. Competing with all this wildlife for living space is a relatively dense human population. Israel is quite conservation-minded with strict wildlife protection laws and very little hunting. All these factors contribute to a situation in which there is much human influence over whatever available habitat is left for wildlife. Consequently, wildlife-human conflicts are common and diverse, but are dealt with mainly with non-lethal methods. Millions of migratory birds cross through Israel and share Israel’s small airspace with the Israeli Air Force (IAF). Israel is especially active in Bird Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) issues, which are controlled by a variety of means, including real-time radar information of migratory birds, habitat management, and use of border collies at airfields. Wildlife in Israel are vectors for human diseases (e.g., leishmaniasis, rabies, and West Nile fever). To prevent rabies epidemics, Israel has recently begun successful use of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) for jackals ( Canis aureus ) and foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ). Some examples of avian wildlife-agriculture problems include pelicans ( Pelecanus onocrotalus ), night herons ( Nycticorax nycticorax ), and cormorants ( Phalacrocorax carbo and P. -
Feature Sustainable Agriculture Methods to Combat Desertification
Feature Sustainable Agriculture Methods to Combat Desertification The Israeli Experience1 Raanan Katzir Director Sustainable Agriculture Consulting Group (SACOG) 4 Efter St. Tel Aviv, 69362, Israel Tel: (-972-3)-6991381; Fax: (-972-3-) 6990152, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract investing in local research under desert conditions. The success or failure of desert Traditional desert nomad agriculture in Israel is based upon growing development depends on the human wheat under rain fed conditions and sheep grazing on harvested wheat fields, as factor. There is need for dedicated well as growing fruit trees in oasis. What characterize the desert are low manpower ready to settle in the desert and precipitation, high evaporation, diverse and extreme climatic conditions, intensive capable to use scientific and solar radiation and vast land areas. Israeli arid land is composed of five technologically advanced cultivation and distinguished regions, each with specific characteristics, resulting in few types of environment control methods needed for modern agriculture. Advanced agriculture in the desert takes advantage of successfully performing under adverse producing off-season vegetables, as well as flowers, fruits, mostly palm dates for desert conditions. For developing and local and export markets and fodder for animal husbandry. applying these technologies, abundant Cultivation of tilapia fish is also practiced widely, as is the raising of economic resources are required. ostriches. Greenhouses, in which growing conditions are fully controlled, are The desert is characterized by very common. Water is the most limiting factor. Water resources include: wastelands, low population density, a large conducting water from out-region resource, the use of saline and thermal water, number of sunny days with high the harvesting of rainwater, the recycling of sewage water and desalinized sea temperature and radiation levels and water. -
Israel 2019 Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS National Review ISRAEL 2019 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS National Review ISRAEL 2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgments are due to representatives of government ministries and agencies as well as many others from a variety of organizations, for their essential contributions to each chapter of this book. Many of these bodies are specifically cited within the relevant parts of this report. The inter-ministerial task force under the guidance of Ambassador Yacov Hadas-Handelsman, Israel’s Special Envoy for Sustainability and Climate Change of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Galit Cohen, Senior Deputy Director General for Planning, Policy and Strategy of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, provided invaluable input and support throughout the process. Special thanks are due to Tzruya Calvão Chebach of Mentes Visíveis, Beth-Eden Kite of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Amit Yagur-Kroll of the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Ayelet Rosen of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Shoshana Gabbay for compiling and editing this report and to Ziv Rotshtein of the Ministry of Environmental Protection for editorial assistance. 3 FOREWORD The international community is at a crossroads of countries. Moreover, our experience in overcoming historical proportions. The world is experiencing resource scarcity is becoming more relevant to an extreme challenges, not only climate change, but ever-increasing circle of climate change affected many social and economic upheavals to which only areas of the world. Our cooperation with countries ambitious and concerted efforts by all countries worldwide is given broad expression in our VNR, can provide appropriate responses. The vision is much of it carried out by Israel’s International clear. -
HA48 :Maquetación HA.Qxd
HA48_:Maquetaci n HA 03/07/2009 12:26 PÆgina 75 Historia Agraria, 48 ■ Agosto 2009 ■ pp. 75-110 ■ ISSN: 1139-1472 © 2009 SEHA Creating Facts on the Ground: Agriculture in Israel and Palestine (1882-2000) LEAH TEMPER 1. INTRODUCTION This paper analyzes the evolution of the agrarian system in Israel/Palestine from before the establishment of the State of Israel to the present. In a setting of conflict over land and water, it presents the historic evolution of the two agricultural systems and their relative (un)sustainability. Because the territory of Palestine is a contested space the conflict over land and water is shown to be one of the main drivers behind land use and labour prac- tices and the development and implementation of agricultural technology in Israel/Pales- tine. While there is a large body of literature discussing the geopolitics of water in the con- flict (Homer-Dixon, 1999; Selby, 2003; Lowi, 1993; Wolf, 1995) and how the conflict over water has had devastating effects on the environment (Lipchin, 2003; Ferragina, 2008), this article focuses on the use of land and water for agricultural purposes in a historical context. One aspect of agricultural development in Israel is that there exists the imperative for extensification along with intensification, due to security needs. This refers to increasing the area under cultivation and pursuing agriculture in peripheral areas (the desert, the Received: 2008-12-18 ■ Revised: 2009-03-03 ■ Accepted: 2009-04-24 Leah Temper is a Researcher at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Postal Address: Departament d’Economia i d’Història Econòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona). -
Israel Sustainable Horticulture Crop Production.Docx
1 Sustainable Horticultural Crop Production in Israel Sarah Windland Undergraduate Student, Hort 3002W, Sustainable Horticulture Production (Greenhouse Management), Dept. of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 1970 Folwell Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108 U.S.A. Introduction. The country of Israel is a very dry and arid region. I chose this country to study because I wanted to learn more about its sustainability and greenhouse production. This is a region that is very different from Minnesota’s environment and to learn the difference in practices from one environment to another would be very intriguing. I have gained a lot of insight on how they have overcome many of their harsh environmental conditions including, lack of water, salty soils and excessive heat. Implementation of new technologies to make production successful in areas throughout Israel is a great achievement. Description Israel borders the Mediterranean Sea and is between Egypt and Lebanon in the Middle East. The total area of the country is 22,077,000 ha. This gives the country 2033000 ha of land and 44000 ha of area covered in bodies of water. Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and the official language there is Hebrew and Arabic. The total population is approximately 7,172,000 people (Export Enterprises). Israel has incredible rainfall statistics. The north may receive a heavier rainfall of 700 millimeters each year while the central region may only receive between 400 and 600 millimeters. In contrast to those statistics the south may only receive a small amount of rain, 25 millimeters each year. Overcoming this regional lack of water is one management issue that Israel takes seriously, as discussed below (Jewish Virtual Library). -
Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Transition Countries
Land Policies and Evolving Farm Structures in Transition Countries By Zvi Lerman (Hebrew University) Csaba Csaki (World Bank) and Gershon Feder (World Bank) January 2002 Table of Contents Abstract.............................................................................................................................1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1. The Arena and the Common Heritage...........................................................13 Chapter 2. Divergent Approaches to Reform: Land Policies .........................................55 Chapter 3. Divergent Approaches to Reform: Changes in Farm Structure ....................85 Chapter 4. Lessons of Transition in Agriculture...........................................................149 Sources and References ................................................................................................169 ABSTRACT The study reviews the role of land policies in the evolving farm structures of the transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). It demonstrates how different policies with regard to private property rights in land, degrees of control of land rental and sale markets, and procedures for restructuring of former collective or state farms resulted in significantly different farm structures in CEE countries as compared to most of the CIS. In particular, more secure land rights, greater emphasis on individualization -
Land Transformation in Israel
- ~~-~-U-.m --~-~ ~- ~--- Land Transformation in Agriculture Edited by M. G. Wolman and F. G. A. Fournier @ 1987 SCOPE. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd CHAPTER 8 Land Transformation in Israel D. H. K. AMIRAN 8.1 INTRODUCTION The countries around the Mediterranean have experienced far-reaching changes in land quality and land use. The centres of very early, highly developed civilizations of the western world were here. Together with their great achievements they brought about intensive use of the land-sometimes exceSSIveuse. The political changes that affected the area during a millennia of its history involved similar changes, for better or for worse, in husbanding of the land. Extensive areas of olive groves-famous since antiquity-fruit orchards and vineyards, many of them grown on carefully terraced slopes, indicate but some of the prominent achievements of mediterranean agriculture. By con- trast, periods of decline, being sometimes periods of depopulation, brought about very adverse effects, in particular abandonment of cultivated land and disrepair of the terraces. In consequence there was erosion of the soil, and downwash into the valleys of the lowland plains; there was excessive sedimen- tation in these valleys, choking the river and wadi beds, and sometimes followed by formation of swamps owing to lack of drainage; and not infre- quently malaria affected these swampy areas. This whole syndrome of land deterioration is illustrated in many mediterranean countries. A classic case is Israel of the nineteenth century. Israel showed some significant achievements in agriculture and land development in antiquity, and the deterioration is easy to follow in detail. Two factors bring about particu- larly significant effects of processes of land transformation. -
Aspects of Agricultural Development in Israel
141) CA-0c? Wr #3gfiL wist5pn n53532 11717)35 T31071 1ft:00rtW THE CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIC RESEARCIrt WORKING PAPER NO. 8512 Aspects of Agricultural Development in Israel by Yoav Kislev --UN OF AGRICULTURAL OMICS FtR\ 24 1986 Rehovoth, Israel, P.O.B. 12 12 .1.11 mlaini NNW' The working papers in this series are preliminary nir on lt 7111>I71 ipnnn 1-inxn and circulated for the purpose of discussion. The nv-rn .rinyn n5ap) 11)15 'v - views expressed in the papers do not reflect those TIN rnopwn pIrt on ni)mon pr of the Center for Agricultural Economic Research. .3-Px5pn n5a5aa lpny35 cairn rny-t WORKING PAPER NO. 8512 Aspects of Agricultural Development in Israel by Yoav Kislev April, 1983 ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ISRAEL(* YOAV KISLEV (* This paper is a draft of an article prepared for The Hebrew Encyclopedia. It does not cover all aspects of agricultural in Israel as there will be other articles on research, legislation, planning, Arab agriculture, extension, water, and foreign aid. The work on this article was supported by the Binational United States-Israel Agricultural Research and Development Fund. Braha Dascal helped with the calculation of the exchange rate and Ayal Kimhi with productivity and terms of trade. Page 2 Overall In the past, farmers could hardly feed themselves and their families and this is still true for some underdeveloped countries even today. The poor countries are therefore agrarian countries in •which the majority of the labor force is engaged in agriculture. The productivity of modern agriculture, on the other hand, is high and in the industrialized countries the number of farmers is relatively small. -
The Seven Species and Their Relevance to Sustainable Agriculture in Israel Today E
מחקרי הנגב, ים המלח והערבה Negev, Dead Sea and Arava Studies 7 (1), 20–26 (2015) 26 –20 ,(1) 7 מחקרי הנגב, ים המלח והערבה Negev, Dead Sea and Arava Studies נקודת מבט Perspective The Seven Species and their relevance to sustainable agriculture in Israel today E. Solowey Arava Institute for Environmental Studies Correspondence: [email protected] Sacred to Ju daism and at the center of modern Jewish and Israeli and gold his tribe possessed and carrying the sacks of grain holiday traditions is the plant set known as the Seven Species. back to Canaan on the backs of donkeys and camels in order These plants were also crucial to the agricultural systems of to survive. Biblical times supplying more than 90% of the locally produced Because there was little chance of procuring food from food. To this day the Seven Species have not been surpassed as outside, Biblical era sustainable agriculture was extremely sustainable and ecologically sound crops for the arid areas of the conservative, concentrating on reliable crops that were able Middle East. They are an interesting mix of species: two grains: to produce with sparse and sometime irregular supplies of wheat and barley; two deciduous fruit trees: the pomegranate water and other inputs. These crops were also protective and and the fig; one palm: the hardy date; and a Mediterranean generative of soil, with many useful products that were used to evergreen tree, the olive. The seventh of the Seven Species is feed both human and animal. the vine. From these plants according to the 104th Psalm came Following the core belief in the book of Genesis that bread, fruit, oil "to make the face shine" and wine "to gladden humanity was meant to be steward and guardian to lesser the heart" – in essence almost all the food and drink that was creatures, relatively complex laws protecting animals, plants raised in the area.