DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigating a Demand Access Scheduling Paradigm for NASA's

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigating a Demand Access Scheduling Paradigm for NASA's Investigating a Demand Access Scheduling Paradigm for NASA’s Deep Space Network Timothy M. Hackett and Sven G. Bilen´ Mark D. Johnston School of Electrical Engineering Jet Propulsion Laboratory/ and Computer Science California Institute of Technology The Pennsylvania State University 4800 Oak Grove Drive 101 Electrical Engineering East Pasadena, California 91109 University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Abstract view of a spacecraft at any given time between the three main ground complexes (Imbriale 2002). The Morehead an- NASA’s Deep Space Network supports the communica- tenna has been performing technology demonstrations in tions to and from spacecraft, rovers, and landers across our solar system and beyond. The weekly tracking re- support of becoming an operational capability for future quirements for these spacecraft are scheduled by mis- deep-space SmallSat missions (Martinez 2018). sion representatives at least eight weeks before the start Currently, the DSN supports a few dozen missions, which of the track through a combination of automated al- are scheduled through a process that starts roughly four gorithms and peer-to-peer negotiations. This process months prior to the start of the track start time. This process has worked well for traditional users with determinis- starts with mission representatives submitting their track- tic science collections, such as those doing mapping ing requirements into the Service Scheduling Software (S3). and imaging. But, this process will not scale well to These tracking requirements include constraints and pref- accommodate a new class of users whose data collec- tions are not completely predictable (i.e., event-driven erences, such as the number of tracks during the schedule science), which includes both traditional, determinis- week, the duration of these tracks, and timing and depen- tic users with unexpected discoveries as well as au- dence between tracks. The DSN Scheduling Engine (DSE) tonomous users exploring and monitoring for certain compiles all of the individual mission requests into one mas- events, such as solar flares. In this paper, we propose ter schedule and then systematically deconflicts the sched- a “demand access” scheduling approach in which the ule. The level at which the schedule can be deconflicted spacecraft, rovers, and landers themselves request track is dependent on both the flexibility of the submitted re- time on the network using a beacon-tone system and are quirements as well as the trajectories of the spacecraft. The scheduled track time “on-the-fly” using pre-scheduled schedule is then further deconflicted by a human scheduler shared-user block tracks. We show through simulation named the “Builder of Proposal” (BOP), who uses her ex- that this demand-access approach can both decrease the mean duration between the time of data collection to pert knowledge on DSN scheduling and the context of the the start of the downlink and the number of tracks re- various missions and their current mission phases. This pro- quired compared to the traditional scheduling method cess generally results in about 10–20 remaining conflicts for an example mission concept of autonomous Small- that need to then be resolved using a peer-to-peer negotiation Sat explorers at near-Earth asteroids. We also show how process facilitated in S3. Once the remaining conflicts have this demand-access approach can be used in combina- been negotiated and resolved, the master schedule is base- tion with the traditional scheduling method to support lined. For a typical schedule week, the schedule is baselined legacy users. eight weeks or more ahead of the start of the schedule week. This process is very labor and time intensive and requires Introduction a couple dozen full-time mission representatives working on multiple schedule weeks in parallel (Carruth et al. 2010; NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) supports the commu- Pinover, Johnston, and Lee 2017). nications and tracking for spacecraft, rovers, and landers This scheduling process has worked well so far partially across our solar system and beyond for a variety of space due to the relatively low number of missions supported by agencies around the world. The network consists of three the DSN at any given time. This process will not scale main ground complexes in Goldstone, CA, USA; Madrid, well to support future mission concepts deploying groups Spain; and Canberra, Australia with an experimental sta- of spacecraft as secondary payloads, such as the SmallSats tion in Morehead, KY, USA. Each main complex consists on Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1). Furthermore, this pro- of one 70-m and three or four 34-m parabolic dish antennas; cess has worked well so far because currently supported the Morehead antenna has one 21-m antenna (Nelson 2018; missions generally have deterministic data collection pro- Malphrus et al. 2018). At least one of the complexes is in cesses, such as those doing routine mapping and imaging. Copyright c 2019, California Institute of Technology. Govern- The amount of data collected in a time period is entirely ment sponsorship acknowledged. predictable or constrained by mission representatives on the ground, so the tracking requirements can be pre-scheduled craft to worsen. An urgent tone indicates a spacecraft emer- months in advance. This does not allow for last-minute flex- gency for which ground intervention is required because the ibility in the case of unexpected discoveries. For example, spacecraft could not recover on its own. Lastly, if no tone is when images from OSIRIS-REx revealed dust plumes emi- received from the spacecraft, this could indicate many differ- nating from Bennu’s surface in March 2019 (Lauretta et al. ent scenarios including the spacecraft antenna is not point- 2019), the tracking requirements for the following weeks ing towards Earth or an anomaly is stopping the beacon from could not be easily adapted based on this discovery as they being transmitted (DeCoste et al. 2004). were already set into the master schedule weeks before the Using the beacon tone monitoring service instead of discovery. For missions based on event-driven science, such scheduling traditional telemetry tracks can reduce mission as heliophysics missions monitoring for major solar activity, risk, mission cost, and network loading. Because of cost and pre-scheduling tracks weeks ahead of time could result in a scheduling constraints, missions are limited to the amount of number of those scheduled tracks to yield no useful, new in- track time allotted per week. This service could allow mis- formation as no new activity had occurred. The wasted DSN sions to have more timely health status reports because the resources could have been used to support other missions spacecraft will notify the ground immediately that there is instead. an anomaly, as opposed to finding out during the next sched- The science community has expressed a need for on- uled telemetry track. Mission cost is decreased by reducing demand communications, where spacecraft and missions track time and reducing telemetry data, which corresponds can request communications and tracking time in “near real- to staffing fewer operations analysts. Network loading will time”. Providing this ability enables a new class of science be decreased by spacecraft using fewer tracks than in a typ- missions: event-driven science (Shaw et al. 2018). The tra- ical week (DeCoste et al. 2004). ditional static pre-scheduling method described above does With the validation of the beacon monitoring service, the not suit these types of missions well due to its lack of New Horizons mission to Pluto baselined it into their com- adaptability and latency to changing events. In response munications design. The mission estimated that, by using the to this need, on-demand concepts termed “demand access” beacon system, they would be able to decrease their 70-m scheduling and “user-initiated services” (UIS) have been antenna time by approximately 2274 hours over its mission proposed (Johnston and Wyatt 2017; Shaw et al. 2018; lifetime (Bowman et al. 2004) for two reasons. First, for the Israel et al. 2018). The main idea of these proposed con- data rates required, the 70-m antenna typically would be re- cepts is that the spacecraft itself directly requests time on quired for all telemetry tracks beyond Jupiter (about 4 AU) the network at the moment when it needs tracking time, from Earth. The beacon service allowed the 34-m antenna rather than mission representatives requesting time on be- to be used until 25 AU. Second, beacon tracks take signifi- half of the spacecraft in advance. For spacecraft relatively cantly less time than typical telemetry tracks (1.5 hours vs. close to Earth (i.e., LEO and MEO users), spacecraft could 8 hours). In 2016, it was estimated that New Horizons was use a low-data rate, high availability link to request time able to save about 80% of its track time using the beacon on the network through a packetized handshake protocol. service (Wyatt et al. 2016). This could be accomplished by leveraging the Demand Ac- In addition to previous work using the beacon-tone ser- cess Service (DAS) using the multiple access antennas on vice for signaling the spacecraft’s status, it will now be used NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) to indicate when the spacecraft has new data to downlink. A fleet (Gitlin and Horne 2012). For deep space spacecraft, spacecraft will use the beacon-tone service to indicate that it the narrow beamwidths of the larger aperture antennas re- will be using a followup track to downlink its new science quired to close links along with the long round-trip light data. When the ground receives the beacon, it will sched- times makes this impractical. For these types of missions, ule the spacecraft into the next reserved-for-demand-access, a “beacon-mode” contact mechanism has been proposed, in unallocated track, if possible (Johnston and Wyatt 2017).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • + New Horizons
    Media Contacts NASA Headquarters Policy/Program Management Dwayne Brown New Horizons Nuclear Safety (202) 358-1726 [email protected] The Johns Hopkins University Mission Management Applied Physics Laboratory Spacecraft Operations Michael Buckley (240) 228-7536 or (443) 778-7536 [email protected] Southwest Research Institute Principal Investigator Institution Maria Martinez (210) 522-3305 [email protected] NASA Kennedy Space Center Launch Operations George Diller (321) 867-2468 [email protected] Lockheed Martin Space Systems Launch Vehicle Julie Andrews (321) 853-1567 [email protected] International Launch Services Launch Vehicle Fran Slimmer (571) 633-7462 [email protected] NEW HORIZONS Table of Contents Media Services Information ................................................................................................ 2 Quick Facts .............................................................................................................................. 3 Pluto at a Glance ...................................................................................................................... 5 Why Pluto and the Kuiper Belt? The Science of New Horizons ............................... 7 NASA’s New Frontiers Program ........................................................................................14 The Spacecraft ........................................................................................................................15 Science Payload ...............................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • The Deep Space Network - a Technology Case Study and What Improvements to the Deep Space Network Are Needed to Support Crewed Missions to Mars?
    The Deep Space Network - A Technology Case Study and What Improvements to the Deep Space Network are Needed to Support Crewed Missions to Mars? A Master’s Thesis Presented to Department of Telecommunications State University of New York Polytechnic Institute Utica, New York In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science Degree By Prasad Falke May 2017 Abstract The purpose of this thesis research is to find out what experts and interested people think about Deep Space Network (DSN) technology for the crewed Mars mission in the future. The research document also addresses possible limitations which need to be fix before any critical missions. The paper discusses issues such as: data rate, hardware upgrade and new install requirement and a budget required for that, propagation delay, need of dedicated antenna support for the mission and security constraints. The Technology Case Study (TCS) and focused discussion help to know the possible solutions and what everyone things about the DSN technology. The public platforms like Quora, Reddit, StackExchange, and Facebook Mars Society group assisted in gathering technical answers from the experts and individuals interested in this research. iv Acknowledgements As the thesis research was challenging and based on the output of the experts and interested people in this field, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all the participants. A special thanks go to Dr. Larry Hash for his guidance, encouragement, and support during the whole time. Additionally, I also want to thank my mother, Mrs. Mangala Falke for inspiring me always. Last but not the least, I appreciate the support from Maricopa County Emergency Communications Group (MCECG) and Arizona Near Space Research (ANSR) Organization for helping me to find the experts in space and communications field.
    [Show full text]
  • Interaktiv 3D-Visualisering Av Nasas Deep Space Network Kommunikation Lovisa Hassler Agnes Heppich
    LIU-ITN-TEK-A-19/005--SE Interaktiv 3D-visualisering av NASAs Deep Space Network kommunikation Lovisa Hassler Agnes Heppich 2019-04-30 Department of Science and Technology Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap Linköping University Linköpings universitet nedewS ,gnipökrroN 47 106-ES 47 ,gnipökrroN nedewS 106 47 gnipökrroN LIU-ITN-TEK-A-19/005--SE Interaktiv 3D-visualisering av NASAs Deep Space Network kommunikation Examensarbete utfört i Medieteknik vid Tekniska högskolan vid Linköpings universitet Lovisa Hassler Agnes Heppich Handledare Emil Axelsson Examinator Anders Ynnerman Norrköping 2019-04-30 Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under en längre tid från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extra- ordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns det lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/ Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet - or its possible replacement - for a considerable time from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances.
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Astronomy Users Guide
    The Deep Space Network Radio Astronomy User Guide April 3, 2021 Document Owner: Joseph Lazio (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology) ⃝c 2021. California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Contents Changes to this Document . v Acknowledgments . vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Proposal Submission and DSN Scheduling 3 3 70 m Subnetwork 4 3.1 Antennas . 4 3.2 Efficiency and Gain . 4 3.3 Resolution . 5 4 34 m Subnetwork 7 4.1 Antennas . 7 4.2 Efficiency and Gain . 8 4.3 Resolution . 9 4.4 Polarization . 10 5 Receiving Systems 12 5.1 Radio Astronomical K Band (17 GHz{27 GHz) . 12 5.2 Radio Astronomical Q Band (38 GHz{50 GHz) . 13 5.3 L Band (1628 MHz{1708 MHz) . 13 5.4 S Band (2200 MHz{2300 MHz) . 13 5.5 X Band (8200 MHz{8600 MHz) . 14 5.6 Spacecraft Tracking K Band (25.5 GHz{27 GHz) . 14 5.7 Ka Band (31.8 GHz{32.3 GHz) . 14 5.8 Phase Calibration Tones for VLBI . 14 6 Signal Transport 20 7 Backends 23 7.1 Fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FFTS)-Madrid . 23 7.2 DSN Radio Astronomy Spectrometer-Canberra . 23 7.2.1 Level 0 Data . 24 7.2.2 Level 1 Data . 24 7.3 DSN Pulsar Processor-Canberra . 24 7.4 Open Loop Recorder . 25 7.5 VLBI Radio Astronomy (VRA) Assembly . 26 i A Proposal Preparation and Observation Planning 27 ii List of Figures 1.1 The DSN radio antennas and locations. 1 3.1 DSS-43, the 70 m antenna at the Canberra Complex .
    [Show full text]
  • + Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Launch Press
    NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Launch Press Kit August 2005 Media Contacts Dolores Beasley Policy/Program Management 202/358-1753 Headquarters [email protected] Washington, D.C. Guy Webster Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission 818/354-5011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. George Diller Launch 321/867-2468 Kennedy Space Center, Fla. [email protected] Joan Underwood Spacecraft & Launch Vehicle 303/971-7398 Lockheed Martin Space Systems [email protected] Denver, Colo. Contents General Release ..................................………………………..........................................…..... 3 Media Services Information ………………………………………..........................................…..... 5 Quick Facts ………………………………………………………................................….………… 6 Mars at a Glance ………………………………………………………..................................………. 7 Where We've Been and Where We're Going ……………………................…………................... 8 Science Investigations ............................................................................................................... 12 Technology Objectives .............................................................................................................. 21 Mission Overview ……………...………………………………………...............................………. 22 Spacecraft ................................................................................................................................. 33 Mars: The Water Trail …………………………………………………………………...............……
    [Show full text]
  • IWPSS 2013 Multi-Mission Scheduling Operations at UC Berkeley Bester
    Proceedings of the 2013 International Workshop on Planning & Scheduling for Space, Mountain View, CA, USA, March 25-26, 2013, Paper AIAA-2013-XXXX. THIS SPACE MUST BE KEPT BLANK] Multi-Mission Scheduling Operations at UC Berkeley Manfred Bester, Gregory Picard, Bryce Roberts, Mark Lewis, and Sabine Frey Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract completed in 2011 when both probes were inserted into The University of California, Berkeley conducts mission stable lunar orbits (Cosgrove et al. 2012, Bester et al. operations for eight spacecraft at present. Communications 2013). with the orbiting spacecraft are established via a multitude of network resources, including all NASA networks, plus • The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) – assets provided by foreign space agencies and commercial a NASA SMEX mission launched in June 2012 – is a companies. Mission planning is based on the science re- high-energy X-ray observatory carrying twin telescopes quirements as well as accessibility to communications net- with focusing optics (Kim et al. 2013). work resources. The integrated scheduling process is com- plex and is supported by partly automated software tools. • The CubeSat for Ion, Neutral, Electron, and MAgnetic Challenges encountered and lessons learned are described. fields (CINEMA) – the first CubeSat built in-house at SSL – launched in September 2012. The project home page can be found at http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/cinema. Introduction A summary of these missions and their characteristics is The University of California, Berkeley (UCB) currently provided in Table A1 in the Appendix.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Plans for the Deep Space Network (DSN)
    Future Plans for the Deep Space Network 1 September 1, 2009 Future Plans for the Deep Space Network (DSN) Barry Geldzahler Program Executive, Deep Space Network Space Communications and Navigation Office National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [email protected] (202) 358-0512 and Les Deutsch Chief Technologist, Manager for Architecture and Strategic Planning Interplanetary Network Directorate Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) California Institute of Technology [email protected] (818) 354-3845 September 1, 2009 Abstract NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) is a critical part of every NASA solar system mission, serv- ing as the entity that ties the spacecraft back to Earth and providing data from science instru- ments, information for navigating across the solar system, and valuable radio link science and radar observations. In the future NASA strives to improve dramatically each of these capabili- ties, enabling ever more complex and challenging planetary missions. This white paper explains the plans currently in place for advancing the DSN to serve this future mission set. It also ex- plains what is actually possible if more performance should be desired to enhance the science return of these missions. The DSN will continue to work hand-in-hand with NASA and the scien- tific community to be sure future missions will be fruitful, exciting, and successful. It is important for the Decadal Committee to consider and comment on the future plans of the DSN to maximize the total NASA return on investment for these missions. 1 Introduction NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) is the principle conduit for information passing between spacecraft beyond geocentric orbit (GEO) and the Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Space Network: the Next 50 Years1
    Deep Space Network: The Next 50 Years1 Dr. Leslie J. Deutsch2, Dr. Stephen A. Townes Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Philip E. Liebrecht, Pete A. Vrotsos, Dr. Donald M. Cornwell National Aeronautics and Space Administration In 2014, NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) celebrated its 50th year of enabling explora- tion of the Moon, Solar System planets, and beyond. During those 50 years, the DSN has grown along with the associated spacecraft flight systems, providing some 13 orders of mag- nitude communications systems improvement. It has also contributed to many of the world’s most important scientific discoveries and provided substantial technological spinoffs that have become part of everyday life on Earth. Studies of the next 25 years indicate that deep space missions will need an order of magnitude increased communications performance per decade – and this is likely to continue beyond that time. As exhibited by this meeting, anoth- er major change happening right now is the emergence of a standardized international community for tracking deep space missions. The future definitely involves increased inter- national cooperation. This paper explains the near term plans already underway for the DSN. We also consider the plans and possibilities for deep space optical communications. Fi- nally, we will discuss opportunities for international participation in the next 50 years of deep space exploration. Nomenclature BWG = Beam Waveguide CCSDS = Consultative Committee for Space Data System Standards DAEP = DSN Aperture
    [Show full text]
  • Three-Dimensional Analysis of Deep Space Network Antenna Coverage
    2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, Montana, March 4-10, 2012. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Deep Space Network Antenna Coverage Obadiah Kegege Michael Fuentes Nicholas Meyer, Amy Sil NASA Glenn Research Center QinetiQ North America. NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Rd. NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Rd. Cleveland, OH 44135 21000 Brookpark Rd. Cleveland, OH 44135 216-433-3127 Cleveland, OH 44135 [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—There is a need to understand NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) coverage gaps and any limitations to provide redundant communication coverage for future deep space 1. INTRODUCTION missions, especially for manned missions to Moon and Mars. The DSN antennas are required to provide continuous This paper presents the analysis of NASA’s Deep Space communication coverage for deep space flights, interplanetary Network (DSN) communication coverage. In the history of missions, and deep space scientific observations. The DSN space exploration, DSN antennas have provided consists of ground antennas located at three sites: Goldstone in communication coverage of spacecrafts and satellites from USA, Canberra in Australia, and Madrid in Spain. These Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) to the edge of our solar locations are not separated by the exactly 120 degrees and system. Because of the location of DSN antennas, a some DSN antennas are located in the bowl-shaped mountainous terrain to shield against radiofrequency communication coverage gap exists in the southern interference resulting in a coverage gap in the southern hemisphere. There is a need to understand this hemisphere for the current DSN architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • Mars Science Laboratory Landing
    PRESS KIT/JULY 2012 Mars Science Laboratory Landing Media Contacts Dwayne Brown NASA’s Mars 202-358-1726 Steve Cole Program 202-358-0918 Headquarters [email protected] Washington [email protected] Guy Webster Mars Science Laboratory 818-354-5011 D.C. Agle Mission 818-393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory [email protected] Pasadena, Calif. [email protected] Science Payload Investigations Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer: Ruth Ann Chicoine, Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Québec, Canada; 450-926-4451; [email protected] Chemistry and Camera: James Rickman, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N.M.; 505-665-9203; [email protected] Chemistry and Mineralogy: Rachel Hoover, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; 650-604-0643; [email protected] Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons: Igor Mitrofanov, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 011-7-495-333-3489; [email protected] Mars Descent Imager, Mars Hand Lens Imager, Mast Camera: Michael Ravine, Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego; 858-552-2650 extension 591; [email protected] Radiation Assessment Detector: Donald Hassler, Southwest Research Institute; Boulder, Colo.; 303-546-0683; [email protected] Rover Environmental Monitoring Station: Luis Cuesta, Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, Spain; 011-34-620-265557; [email protected] Sample Analysis at Mars: Nancy Neal Jones, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.; 301-286-0039; [email protected] Engineering Investigation MSL Entry, Descent and Landing Instrument Suite: Kathy Barnstorff, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; 757-864-9886; [email protected] Contents Media Services Information.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network
    Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network Edited by Macgregor S. Reid Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION SERIES DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION SERIES Issued by the Deep Space Communications and Navigation Systems Center of Excellence Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Joseph H. Yuen, Editor-in-Chief Published Titles in this Series Radiometric Tracking Techniques for Deep-Space Navigation Catherine L. Thornton and James S. Border Formulation for Observed and Computed Values of Deep Space Network Data Types for Navigation Theodore D. Moyer Bandwidth-Efficient Digital Modulation with Application to Deep-Space Communications Marvin K. Simon Large Antennas of the Deep Space Network William A. Imbriale Antenna Arraying Techniques in the Deep Space Network David H. Rogstad, Alexander Mileant, and Timothy T. Pham Radio Occultations Using Earth Satellites: A Wave Theory Treatment William G. Melbourne Deep Space Optical Communications Hamid Hemmati, Editor Spaceborne Antennas for Planetary Exploration William A. Imbriale, Editor Autonomous Software-Defined Radio Receivers for Deep Space Applications Jon Hamkins and Marvin K. Simon, Editors Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network Macgregor S. Reid, Editor Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network Edited by Macgregor S. Reid Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION SERIES Low-Noise Systems in the Deep Space Network February 2008 The research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply its endorsement by the United States Government or the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Deep Space Network
    NASA Deep Space Network https://spaceodyssey.dmns.org/media/53989/deep_space_network.ppt Deep Space Network The Challenge: Pioneer 10 Tracking and Communicating with Spacecraft beyond Earth Orbit : •Lunar Exploration •Planetary Exploration •Interplanetary Exploration •Astronomical Exploration NASA Deep Space Network Three complexes, approximately 120°apart: --Goldstone --Madrid --Canberra Functions: • Receipt of Telemetry • Spacecraft Command • Radiometric Tracking – of spacecraft • Very Long Baseline Interferometry – determine location of radio sources • Radio Science – determine transmission characteristics between ground and spacecraft • Monitor and Control of real-time data • Science such as radio astronomy (on space- available basis) NASA Deep Space Network Operational Concept Signals to/from Spacecraft are Line of Sight Coverage of DSN Stations overlap beyond 30,000km (18.000 miles), providing 8-14 hours of daily view. This ensures reliable and useable two station coverage for lunar and deep space coverage for “uplinks” (transmission) to spacecraft and “downlinks” (receive data) from spacecraft. NASA Deep Space Network Canberra Ground Station Complex One of three space communications complexes making up DSN --multiple steerable antennae --remote locations protected by terrain from radio interference and away from population centers. Each complex consists of ultrasensitive receiving and processing systems which include, as a minimum , the following dish antennas: • One 34-meter (111-foot) diameter High Efficiency antenna. • One 34-meter Beam Waveguide antenna. • One 26-meter (85-foot) antenna. • One 70-meter (230-foot) antenna. NASA Deep Space Network Goldstone Ground Station Complex Madrid Ground Station Complex NASA Deep Space Network Details of DSN Facilities DSN Network also includes: • The Demonstration Test Facility at Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) where spacecraft-to-DSN compatibility is demonstrated and tested prior to launch.
    [Show full text]