Reflections on Change: How change works in the UNDP Township Democratic Local Governance Project in Bago

1. Introduction 1.1 Reflections on change The UNDP Township Democratic Governance Project (TDLG) is partly funded by the UK Local Governance Support Programme (LGSP) which works with both the state to build its capacity to respond to citizen demands, and with citizens and civil society groups to strengthen their capacity to engage constructively in decision-making processes. The LGSP has developed a tool, reflections on change, to help understand better how change in local governance happens. Reflections on change are not an evaluation of an activity or project, rather they are a way of understanding how change works, building a picture over time by gathering and analysing people’s stories of what works in particular contexts. Change in local governance is complex; the tool is an attempt to start to unravel the threads of this complexity and find a systematic way of understanding change in local governance, as understood by people experiencing the change, so that approaches to more systemic change can be found. The tool is intended to be used to support learning, change strategy testing, review and evaluation processes, and project design. 1.2 UNDP Township Democratic Local Governance Project The UNDP TDLG uses discretionary grants to township administrations as an incentive to achieve institutional and behavioural change. Using the annual township process as an entry point for the project’s different interventions, the project brings together the township officials responsible for annual planning, the elected Ward and Village tract administrators, civil society organizations, members of parliament and 10 household leaders to facilitate a more inclusive and democratic planning process than before. Hence, the project puts in place a model for democratic participation giving people’s representatives a space to have a say in their own development. It also provides an opportunity for people’s representatives and civil society organizations to better understand how the public sector in Myanmar operates and how township level planning is linked to regional (and union) level priorities.

The anticipated change is that the loosely connected approximately 40 township departments (hereafter referred to as Township administrations) will respond better to local development needs, that people’s trust in local government institutions will be enhanced, and that the project model can be replicated by government. TDLG is active in 5 townships in Bago Region, all 10 in Mon State and 5 in Rakhine state.

The project facilitates a series of planning workshops to identify the participants’ priority projects for the township as a whole, following democratic processes. The Grant Manual outlines the Standard Operating procedures, or “rules of the game” and Procurement guidelines support the Township Planning and Implementation Committees (TPICs) to follow international best practice on procurement. The project has a Township Governance officer posted in each participating township to provide hands on support, mini lectures for township officials and W/VTAs on good governance, public financial management and other topics related to implementation of the project. Expected results are (1) Township administrations have improved capacity to respond to people’s needs; (2) Improved engagement between people and township administrations on public service delivery (3) Improved ethnic armed organization (EAO) engagement in annual township planning and public service delivery (4) Dialogue on policy and institutional local governance reforms informed by technical support and research. 1.3 Methodology The objective of gathering reflections on change is to document how change is happening. These reflections were gathered over two days in two townships in Bago Region, with visits to Regional Government, Kawa Township which has been involved in three project cycles since 2016, and Thanatpin Township which has been involved for two cycles. The Reflections on Change Tool (see Annex 2) was used to structure interviews. As requested by UNDP, views have been collated rather than presented as a series of individual stories. The report reflects the views as stated by interviewees.

In Regional Government, the Director of the Budget Department, and the Director and Deputy Director of the Planning Department were interviewed. In Kawa and Thanatpin Townships interviews took place with the Township Planning and Implementation Committees (TPIC) members, Ward and Village Tract Administrators (5 in Kawa Township, 6 in Thanatpin Township), and one 10 Household Leader. The TPICs included representatives from various government departments such as GAD, Planning, Electricity, Land Management, Education, Rural Road Development, Health, and Rural Development. 1.4 Limitations Translation was necessary with the risk of misinterpretation by the translator and then by the interviewer. To address this, efforts were made triangulate data through multiple reflections from different people or groups. All the interviews took place over two days, a very short time to gather in-depth reflections. In discussion with the consultant and based on a shortage of time UNDP suggested the closest townships for the interviews and the individuals who participated in the interviews.

2. Reflecting on change in local governance in Bago Region This section describes the responses of those interviewed to the seven themes in the reflections on change tool (see Annex 2). The tool helps explore: the type of change, for example whether it was formal or informal, or involved change to individual capabilities or to systems/institutions; who were the change actors, who benefited, and who had power to make the change happen and what their incentives were; the levels of governance where the change took place; the strategies used to make the change and how well they worked; the rules and institutions that supported or blocked the change; opportunities and barriers for future change; and how the broader context supports or hinders change. 2.1 What change(s) took place in local governance? Changes to planning and budgeting systems and processes took place. UNDP described how, as a result of the TDLG project, the five townships in Bago now have a participatory planning process in place, allowing people to have a say in their own development. The process has brought visible change in how the annual planning processes are conducted, who is participating and how people interact with each other. In addition, the project has brought visible change in terms of new physical structures, prioritized by the people, with implementation monitored by joint teams with government officials, W/VTAs, CSOs and ordinary people. For UNDP it is clear that the change that matters is not the infrastructure, it is the institutional change.

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Regional planning and budgeting Directors describe how they can now “see how to plan and how to budget, and we can coordinate and prioritise better at regional level”. They said that before the project, people think planning and budgeting is only for senior government but now people realise that they can be involved too.

The Township Planning and Implementation Committees (TPICs) in Kawa and Thanatpin townships are now developing annual plans based on needs identified at village and village tract level and prioritised at township level, whereas previously they were just a body compiling different department plans. One TPIC member in Thanatpin Township described how the TDLG has changed how they plan: “before the project the government or ministry ordered projects whether or not they were relevant. Communities know their needs, so planning is more relevant now. It benefits both”.

The Village Tract Administrators (VTAs) in Kawa Township confirmed this, describing how planning is more transparent and participatory and that “in the past people were only aware of the budget after funds had been allocated”. They described how, after the UNDP workshop, “we understand where budget resources are and know how to seek budget allocations. We have the basic concepts of planning and we can use them at village and township levels”.

UNDP described how the TPICs now have a more transparent and participatory budget for the TDLG project, the township grant, and a participatory planning process not only for the TDLG funded projects, but for the whole township. The township annual plans are now presented for the public, something that is mandatory in the TDLG project supported townships and which is something that never has happened in Myanmar before.

TDLG has influenced a major change with the Regional Government decision to allocate 57 percent of the regional budget to townships. Driven by the Bago Planning and Finance Minister, this will cover all 28 townships in Bago Region, giving them all, for the first time, the ability to identify, prioritise and implement their own development projects. According to the Directors of Planning and Budgeting in Bago Regional Government, townships used to prepare needs without any ceiling from the Region, and when they receive their allocations, they had to cut budgets. As a result, people did not trust the government or their MPs.

This year MMK 56 billion will be allocated to all 28 townships in Bago Region based on a formula:

- 60 percent fixed allocation - 15 percent on township population size - 10 percent based on number of bridges to be built - 10 percent based on km of roads to be built - 5 percent based on area km2

The directors said they believe, based on experience with TDLG, that the new process will build trust as people can express their needs and understand the budget constraints.

In addition to changes to planning and budgeting systems, there has been a clear change in how local administration and W/VTAs engage on development issues. TPIC members in Kawa Township stated that “in the past we are used to a top down approach. Now we have bottom up. This is better, we can have detailed information that we can include in the planning process”. According to a township representative, initially VTAs were shy, but after attending a few meetings and trainings they have more confidence to share their views, and they “know how to address high officials when they come to the village”. Now “if we can’t do what they want, they can accept”.

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Thanatpin TPIC members also described how they can now work together with villages to identify needs and implement projects. They also said– “our approach is bottom up from the community. People from the upper level can know about their needs and difficulties”. They said they have learned about transparency and cooperation. Sometimes they want to support needs in a particular community and the discretionary funds are important to help them meet these needs.

Ward Administrators and VTAs from Kawa Township said the workshops had additional benefits as other stakeholders were there – government departments, CSOs, and women’s groups – and they shared information when they came together. The W/VTAs described how they try to find balance between the budget they have, and the needs people express – “we learned how to reach consensus”. One of the benefits they described was working in partnership with other stakeholders and knowing how to seek detailed information to spend their own township budget. They said that participation is encouraged, they listen to other voices, and consider equity among different groups, for example between east and west Bago. “We take responsibility and accountability”.

The W/VTAs from Kawa Township described how, in addition to dealing with the budget and encouraging participation, they learned skills that they have used in other ways, such as leadership and conflict resolution skills. They said that by initiating the TDLG activities, they learned and have applied the same skills to other funds such as the Ever Green Village Fund – “thanks to UNDP, the approaches are embedded in our mind”. They can use the same skills such as gathering data, being transparent and reaching out to people who are then more encouraged to have their say and make their demands. One W/VTA described how “during the training I learned social skills and administrative skills. When I am back in my community, I try to understand the social issues and understand the problems. We often see the tip of the iceberg. We try to listen and include the different possibilities and causes and different factors. We try to understand the full picture”.

Changes in the attitudes of government were also described by the Kawa Township W/VTAs. They described the township administration as more flexible, easier to approach and ask for information, especially after the second year when they became more flexible and cooperative. During the first year data was not ready, but the government was prepared in following years. One VTA said “from our side we only know what we want and sometimes our request is duplication. The next year we are more aware of what each side can do and what they need”. Another said “During the first year, even though we had good intentions, it was difficult. After four years it became smoother”.

Thanatpin W/VTAS had a different perspective, likely as a result of shorter involvement in the programme. When asked about what had changed as a result of TDLG, they initially spoke quite passionately about wanting to fight for the needs of their own communities rather than consider the needs of the whole township: “we still prefer the conservative ways of doing things. We prefer the old ways and are not going to change. We get more knowledge from the trainings on how to cooperate with other village tracts, but we want to think about our community’s needs and desires”.

Once we had established that their first priority was to their own village tract, the W/VTAs were able to identify a number of changes in ways of working as a result of the project. They explained how they now know how to discuss priorities with villagers and delegate tasks, roles and responsibilities. They decided that roads were a priority in their village tracts as they also support people’s access to health, education and markets especially for more remote communities. They described how they now have a relationship with the TPIC where they can collaborate. There is transparency and they know each other, they can empathise and can work together. They can accept decisions, even if they do not get the project they want, as they know the constraints. They gave the example of how after

4 the training, two villages that wanted water for agriculture realised they can share and solve the problem together.

Some marginalised groups’ needs are being considered by the W/VTAs. Kawa Township is a large township and is split into East and West Kawa, with East Kawa facing more challenges with access to drinking water, and more prone to natural disasters. Parts of East Kawa are only accessible by river in the rainy season so it is only in the dry season that the activities can be implemented there: “in the first year we could only implement activities in places that were accessible. We learned from this and in the second year we prioritised one or two main projects instead”.

The W/VTAs said that when it comes to the township plan, they need to “consider people’s needs, who are the vulnerable populations, for example Arabs or children”. To do this they work with some CSOs who represent people, as they can represent their voice, their concerns. “We consider equity among different groups for example between the east and west of Kawa Township”. They described how each community has their own needs and in order to have consensus they need to involve CSOs, youth, women, and elders; “we consult them all and the decision is made on the majority”.

Thanatpin TPIC said that they made decisions on the needs of the most marginalised groups, for example the TPIC has discussions on who uses the roads before decisions are made. W/VTAs from Thanatpin Township, when asked how they considered the needs of marginalised or vulnerable groups stated that “it is rare that we consider them”.

All the W/VTAs interviewed were men. In recognition of the gender imbalance as a result of almost all W/VTAs being men, UNDP has also begun to involve 10 Household (HH) Leaders, who are almost all women. There was one 10 HH Leader at the meeting with Thanatpin VTAs. She shared that the training benefits women as many are housewives and normally stay at home. This is an opportunity for them to participate and improve their management skills. The roads are also a priority for women, especially pregnant women who need to get to hospital.

There are no EAO townships amongst the UNDP supported townships in Bago. 2.2 At what level(s) of governance does the change take place? While TDLG focuses at change at township level, there are also changes at other levels of governance. TDLG was designed to support institutional change using the annual planning and budgeting processes at township level as the entry point. However, the stories people told demonstrate a number of changes also at Region and at Ward/Village Tract levels. A significant change, inspired by TDLG, at Regional level is the Planning and Finance Minister’s announcement of the People’s Fund, a new budget allocation for townships.

W/VTAs also described many changes (see section 2.1) that go beyond institutional changes and processes to ways of working and changes in relationships between government and communities at village tract level. VTAs in Kawa Township talked about how they planned to apply the learning from TDLG in their management of other local funds such as the Ever Green Village Fund, how they now considered the needs of different groups within their communities, and how they could work together with other wards/village tracts. W/VTAs in both Kawa and Thanatpin Townships talked about the shift towards bottom up planning and how their relationship with the TPIC had changed to be more open, transparent and collaborative. Locally-managed Constituency funds have also seen a growing role for regional MPs (see section 2.3) who are perceived to represent the voices of their communities.

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2.3 Who was involved in the change (actors and interests)? A range of actors, with varying interests and power dynamics between them, are involved in the changes as a result of TDLG. Key actors described in the project documents are the TPICs as the government authority and the W/VTAs as the representatives of communities. In Mon State Oxfam has been contracted to strengthen CSO engagement in TDLG planning processes, building understanding of PFM and developing social accountability measures. In Bago Region there is currently no such arrangement in place. In recognition of the fact the majority of W/VTAs are men, Bago Regional Government (BRG) and UNDP adapted the project to also include 10 Household Leaders who are mostly women.

Regional government, particularly the Minister for Planning and Finance, is seen to be vital to the success of the project. The Minister is a champion of the project and is the driving force behind the decision to allocate more regional discretionary funds to townships (separate to TDLG). Regional budgeting decisions also have an impact on how the TPICs can function, for example there are currently little funds for travel for TPIC members to check on and provide technical support to projects identified as priorities.

TPICs now coordinate planning and budgeting and are becoming more influential in township and regional planning. TPICs coordinate the development of the townships annual plans ensuring inputs from sectoral departments and that MoPF requirements are held. They visit project sites identified as priorities by communities and help prioritise, avoid duplication and make budgets and plans more solid for project proposals. At the same time as becoming more influential, W/VTAs reported that TPICs are also more open and transparent.

W/VTAs are also key players on the project and are considered the main representatives of the community. As such their role is critical in ensuring all community members have a voice and the needs of the most marginalised in the community are considered. As most of the W/VTAs are male, Bago Regional Government and UNDP also included 10 Household Leaders in the project as they are mostly women. The latter were not mentioned by any of those interviewed, apart from UNDP, as actors in the project. [As only one 10 Household Leader was available to meet, there were limited opportunities to discuss their role].

Regional MPs are more and more influential in decisions about where funds go. On the one hand they are seen to have a more regional perspective and can put pressure on the government departments to act on issues that affect their constituencies. On the other hand, while they have their own constituency development funds, they also try to influence bigger funds such as TDLG discretionary grants. They are considered to really represent their communities, however there were comments suggesting that as they grow in power, there should also be some oversight or accountability for their role.

In Mon State CSO engagement in TDLG is supported by Oxfam, however in Bago Region there is no additional support to CSOs. CSOs involved tend to be voluntary associations such as the blood donation bank or funeral services. Some CSOs in Bago are seen as “very knowledgeable but it is not clear who they represent. They want support but for their own agenda, not to help implement the project. Sometimes they are very loud”. W/VTAs in Kawa Township did talk about involving CSOs, along with women, youth and elders. When pressed though, the W/VTAs were not able to say how CSOs contributed to discussions or decisions. Elders appear to be influential at village tract level and were described as mostly male, rich individuals who are respected in the community.

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2.4 What rules and institutions affected the change? TDLG funds and process align with government processes and planning calendar in that they are integrated into the Bago Regional Government budget and channelled to the township through the Bago Regional Government. There is, however, no unified administration whereby all budgets are channelled to the township or a single multisectoral account for townships to manage. For example, health, education and DRD sectoral plans are planned within those sectors and budgets go to departmental accounts at township level rather than through Bago Regional Government.

While the TDLG is integrated into the Bago Regional Government budget, TPIC members see the whole township planning and budgeting process as managing the implementation of a number of budgets and processes that are not integrated. TPIC members see themselves as also having to manage the implementation of, for example, constituency funds, health and education budgets, and DRD’s Ever Green Village Fund. According to the Regional Planning and Budgeting Directors, only the discretionary fund planning processes and budgets could be integrated through instruction from the regional government, the others would require instruction from Nay Pyi Taw. UNDP stated, however, that the TPIC members are not responsible for any other budgets as they are managed by MPs or sectoral departments.

The TDLG Grant Manual and Procurement Guidelines are the guiding principles for implementation of the project. They are aligned with government systems and process with one notable exception in the procurement rules, which follow the stricter international best practices. This has been challenging at township level, for example, in the first year it was hard to find contractors for projects prioritised in hard to reach areas in Kawa Township and to manage multiple small projects. This may have influenced decisions after year one to choose larger projects, and generally roads, despite a more diverse range of projects in the first year. UNDP describes the TDLG procurement guidelines as building upon the Government guidelines and taking them to an additional level as it introduces procurement processes at township level. The Union Government is currently developing a national Procurement law, based on international best practice which most likely will bring the national processes closer to what is already being practised in the TDLG.

The MSDP was also mentioned as an important framework for development at township level. In Kawa Township the Township Planning officer linked TDLG to delivering the MSDP in relation to gender equality saying that we can show women’s empowerment through the involvement of CSOs and women’s groups and the women who will use the new road to get to the garment factories. The W/VTAs in Kawa Township also said that TDLG would help them implement the MSDP. 2.5 What were the strategies used to make the change? UNDP describes the process as being about “learning by doing” and aligning with existing government processes: “planning without being anchored in government processes is problematic”. The discretionary funds act as an incentive to follow a more participatory process where there is clarity on the scope of what decisions are possible.

TPICS and W/VTAs talked more about the workshops, trainings and meetings that provided them with skills on planning and budgeting, knowledge about the value of participatory processes, and opportunities to come together with government actors as well as community members or groups they may not have consulted previously. The TPIC in Kawa Township said that the trainings and workshops helped them understand how to make proposals and plans. They also helped with information and transparency, with one TPIC member saying the people who attend the workshops take the information back to their villages. The W/VTAs in Kawa Township also valued the

7 information sharing while the TPIC and W/VTAs in Thanatpin Township focused more on the funding that has been provided for roads and bridges. 2.6 What are the main opportunities and barriers? The main opportunity described was the possibility of expanding to other townships. Regional Directors of planning and budgeting said that, while they don’t have the budget to put to do themselves, they would welcome the chance to expand the project to all 28 townships in Bago Region. “If we can expand it will help government more. It will be easier to communicate. Regional government can’t support these kinds of workshops, we don’t have the resources or the capacity.” The regional government decision to allocate 56 billion kyat to townships is a major opportunity to expand TDLG across Bago region.

TPIC members looked at the whole system and expressed challenges with managing the implementation of multiple budgets and processes. The UNDP project is part of a complex budget system with other separate budgets and decision-making located at various levels of governance. To integrate all the budgets and planning processes there would need to be instruction from Union level and TPIC members said they would need more skills and resources to manage implementation and monitoring and evaluation. UNDP clarifies that TDLG is a multi-sectoral grant that needs a ‘new custodian’, in this case the TPIC, and that the idea is that discretionary multi-sectoral grants, that are not ‘owned’ by a government department, can also be channelled in the same way in the future.

Human and financial resources in the township administrations were described as a major challenge. Departmental staff cannot engage all the time in TDLG as they are involved in many things. There was concern about who would facilitate the workshops without UNDP: “the township administrators don’t have the time, knowledge or money for meetings and workshops and the TPICs have a major challenge as they don’t have funds to travel to do surveys”.

Tender processes are challenging, with the project following much stricter procurement rules based on international best practice rather than the government tender processes that come from the Union level. In some remote areas they do not have enough contractors or contractors do not want to go there, especially in the rainy season.

W/VTAs also talked about how project prioritisation has been challenging and how it is difficult to get 100 percent consensus. In Kawa TPIC and W/VTAs described how spending the budget in the first year was a challenge with small activities in health and education prioritised. When they invited contractors to tender, the companies didn’t want small projects. The project cycle was also sometimes a challenge, for example East Kawa Township, near the Sittaung River, is only accessible by boat in the rainy season so activities can only be done in the dry season.

W/VTAs in Kawa Township said that people are enjoying the new roads and that, through the project chosen in 2018/19, 350 women who are working in the garment factories in Bago will be able to get to work more easily using the roads. They used this as an example to request more financial support for projects and more awareness of budget processes, saying people are familiar with the UNDP budget but people are not yet aware of the Union and regional budgets. W/VTAs in Thanatpin who had not been involved in TDLG for as long were more concerned about the amount of funds available for roads, rather than the process of planning and decision-making.

W/VTAs also described how their term is five years and they might not be re-elected. If they are no longer VTAs they can share knowledge and skills but wanted to know whether UNDP will provide trainings for the general population. They also suggested training more people from each ward or village tract.

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2.7 How did the broader context support/block change? The recently-amended Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Management Law came up in both Kawa and Thanatpin Townships. In Kawa Township one respondent said people are now making lots of complaints, that there are many cases throughout the country and that these issues have to be considered carefully early in the planning. In Thanatpin Township, the TPIC shared that in some villages there is a problem of resettlement. The government has no funding for compensation so there is negotiation where “people are persuaded to donate their land” rather than just moving them on. While this was raised as an issue in both townships, UNDP is clear that this is not relevant to TDLG as, if a project involves resettlement, it is not approved. UNDP described how VTAs have shared that farmers are happy to donate their land as they will also benefit from the road.

The recent shift of GAD to civilian control was mentioned in Kawa Township with W/VTAs in Kawa Township saying that “GAD is transferred from MoHA to the Ministry of the Union Government Office. Regionally we are under the Regional Chief Minister. Right now, we wait and see”. While the W/VTAs are elected and GAD staff are not, the W/WTAs are waiting to see how the change Ministry fort GAD will affect how things work at township and village tract level. In Thanatpin Township, the W/VTAs said that while there was a new government, they had not seen any change in mindset until TDLG when they became more flexible and transparent, which links to the project’s anticipated changes to respond better to local development needs, and that peoples trust in local government institutions.

The MSDP also came up with discussions in Kawa Township about how TDLG helps the meet the objectives of the MSDP, particularly in terms of gender equality.

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Annex 1: References

Government of the Union of Myanmar and UNDP (2017) Township Development Grant: Procurement Guidelines, FY2017-18 and FY 2018-19

Government of the Union of Myanmar and UNDP (2017) Township Development Grant: Standard Operating Procedures / Grant Manual, FY2017-18 and FY 2018-19

TDGLP (2018) Fast Facts: Township Democratic Local Governance Project

UNDP (2017) Project Document: Township Democratic Local Governance Project

UNDP (2019) TDLG Annual Progress Report: January to December 2018

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Annex 2: Reflections on Change Tool

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Annex 3: Participants Venue: GAD Office, Kawa Township 04-Mar-19

Sn Name Department Designation Remark

1 U Aung Myint Kyaing GAD AD Chairman of TPIC 2 Dr. Phyu Phyu Win LBVD AD Member Township Development 3 Daw Ohn Thit EO Member (Municipal) 4 Daw Khin Mi Mi Planning AD Secretory of TPIC 5 U Thit Lwin Htoo Electricity Township Engineer Member Land Management and 6 U Aung Zaw Myo Deputy Officer Member statistics 7 U Zaw Waw Aung Education BC Member Rural Road 8 Daw Khin Htay Kyi SAE Member Development 9 Dr. Myo Kyaw Thu Health Assistant Doctor Member Township Development 10 U Naing Lin Oo AE Member (Municipal) 11 U Kyaw Tun Oo Rural Development Staff Officer Co-secretory TPIC

Venue: Planning Department 04-Mar-19

Sn Name Name of VT/Ward Designation Remark 1 U Maung Than Tha Pyae Kan VTA 2 U Khin Kyaing Kha May Gyi VTA 3 U Kyi Lwin Ma Kyet Kyi VTA 4 U Aung Kyaw Oo Min Paing Ward(No 4) WTA

5 U Moe Wai Yone Gyi Ward(No 5) WTA

6 Daw Khin Mi Mi Planning Dept AD

12 March 2019

Sr. Name Designation Sex Department/Village Tract Bago Region Government (10:00 am) 1 Khin Maung Director M Budget Department Lwin 2 Myint Maung Director M Planning Department 3 Ni Ni Aung Deputy Director F Planning Department

Thanatpin Township (Meeting with TPIC) 1 Pa Pa Win Assistant Director F Planning Department

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2 Khin Cho Cho Junior Engineer F Department of Rural Road Development Htike 3 Thein Zaw Oo Assistant Engineer M Development Affairs 4 The Zar Htwe Staff F Electric Power Department Thanatpin Township (Meeting with VTAs) 1 Ye Htut VTA M Min Ywar 2 Win Naing VTA M Kyun Kyee 3 Zaw Lin VTA M Kyaung Su 4 Zay Yar Aung VTA M Htaung Min 5 Win Myint-1 VTA M Kyaik Me 6 Win Myint-2 VTA M Tawa Ye Da Gar 7 Kyi Kyi Moe 10 Headed F Min Ywar Household Leader

Anki Dellnas, Chief Technical Advisor Local Governance, UNDP

Khin Kyaw, Township Governance Officer, UNDP

Chloe Godon, JPO, UNDP

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