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Home , Ovary (botany), Ovule, Petal, Sepal, Stamen, Stigma (botany)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 1

Stigma Anther Carpel Style Filament

Petal

Sepal

Ovule

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 2 A Carpels B C

C activity B + C (a) A schematic diagram A B Carpel + gene of the ABC hypothesis gene activity activity

A gene Stamen activity

Active B B B B B B B B A A A A : A A C C C C A A C C C C C C C C A A C C C C A A A B B A A B B A Whorls: Carpel Stamen Petal

Sepal Wild type Mutant lacking A Mutant lacking B Mutant lacking C (b) Side view of with identity mutations

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Carpel Anther Microsporangium Microsporocytes (2n) Mature on (2n) (n)

Ovule with Generative cell megasporangium (2n) Tube cell Male (in Pollen Germinating Ovary grain) (n) MEIOSIS grains Megasporangium (2n) (2n) Surviving Tube nucleus (3n) Seed Seed coat (2n) (n) Antipodal cells Integuments Style Female Polar nuclei gametophyte in central cell (embryo sac) Pollen Synergids tube (2n) Egg (n) Sperm Nucleus of Egg (n) developing nucleus (n) endosperm (3n) FERTILIZATION

Key Haploid (n) Diploid (2n) Discharged sperm nuclei (n)

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 4 Abiotic by wind Pollination by insects

Common dandelion Common dandelion under normal light under ultraviolet Hazel staminate light flower (stamens only) Hazel carpellate flower (carpels only)

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Pollination by bats or birds

Long-nosed bat feeding on flower at night

Hummingbird drinking of columbine flower

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 6 Stigma Pollen Endosperm grain nucleus (3n) Pollen tube (two polar nuclei plus sperm) Two sperm Ovule Tube Polar nucleus nuclei Style Egg Ovary Synergid Polar Zygote (2n) Ovule nuclei Two sperm (egg plus sperm) Egg Micropyle

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Ovule Endosperm nucleus Zygote

Integuments Zygote

Terminal cell Basal cell Proembryo Suspensor

Basal cell

Cotyledons apex apex Seed coat Suspensor Endosperm

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 8 Seed coat Epicotyl Hypocotyl Cotyledons

(a) Common garden bean, a eudicot with thick cotyledons Seed coat Endosperm Cotyledons Epicotyl Hypocotyl Radicle (b) Castor bean, a eudicot with thin cotyledons

Scutellum Pericarp fused () with seed coat

Coleoptile Endosperm Epicotyl Hypocotyl Coleorhiza Radicle (c) , a monocot © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 9

Foliage Cotyledon Epicotyl Hypocotyl Cotyledon Hypocotyl Hypocotyl Cotyledon

Radicle Seed coat

(a) Common garden bean

Foliage leaves

Coleoptile Coleoptile

Radicle (b) Maize

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 10 Stigma Style Carpels Stamen Flower Petal Ovary Stamen

Stamen Sepal Stigma Ovary (in Ovule ) Ovule flower Raspberry flower Pineapple flower Each segment Carpel Remains of develops (fruitlet) stamens and styles Stigma from the Sepals Seed carpel Ovary of one flower Stamen

Seed Receptacle Pea Raspberry fruit Pineapple fruit Apple fruit (a) Simple fruit (b) (c) (d) Accessory fruit

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Dispersal by water

Coconut seed embryo, endosperm, and endocarp inside Dispersal by wind buoyant

Giant seed of the tropical Asian climbing gourd Dandelion fruit Alsomitra macrocarpa Dandelion “” (actually one-seeded )

Winged fruit of a Tumbleweed © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 12 Dispersal by animals

Fruit of puncture () Squirrel hoarding seeds or fruits underground

Ant carrying seed with attached “food body”

Seeds dispersed in black bear feces © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 13

(a) Staminate flowers (left) and carpellate flowers (right) of a dioecious species

Stamens Styles Styles Stamens

Thrum flower Pin flower (b) Thrum and pin flowers

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 14 in aspen © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 15

(a) (b) (c) Developing root Laboratory cloning of a garlic plant

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© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 18