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RESEARCH Petrogenesis and Tectonic Setting RESEARCH Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous granitoids in the eastern Tengchong terrane, SW China: Constraint on the evolution of Meso-Tethys Xiaohu He1, Zheng Liu1, Guochang Wang2, Nicole Leonard3, Wang Tao4, and Shucheng Tan1,* 1DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, SCHOOL OF RESOURCE ENVIRONMENT AND EARTH SCIENCE, YUNNAN UNIVERSITY, KUNMING 650091, CHINA 2YUNNAN KEY LABORATORY FOR PALAEOBIOLOGY, YUNNAN UNIVERSITY, KUNMING 650091, CHINA 3RADIOGENIC ISOTOPE FACILITY, SCHOOL OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, BRISBANE QLD 4072, AUSTRALIA 4YUNNAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, KUNMING 650091, CHINA ABSTRACT As a result of the evolution of Meso-Tethys, Early Cretaceous granitoids are widespread in the eastern Tengchong terrane, SW China, which is considered as the southern extension of the Tibetan Plateau. These igneous rocks are therefore very important for understanding the tectonic setting of Meso-Tethys and the formation of the Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we present new zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock elemental, and Nd isotopic data of granitoids obtained from the eastern Tengchong terrane. Our results show that these granitoids are composed of monzogranites and granodiorites and formed at ca. 124 Ma in the Early Cretaceous. Mineralogically and geochemically, these granitoids display metaluminous nature and affinity to I-type granites, which are derived from preexisting intracrustal igneous source rocks. The predominantly negative whole-rock εNd(t) values (−10.86 to −8.64) for all samples indicate that they are derived mainly from the partial melting of the Mesoproterozoic metabasic rocks in the lower crust. Integrating previous studies with the data presented in this contribution, we propose that the Early Cretaceous granitic rocks (135–110 Ma) also belong to I-type granites with minor high fractionation. Furthermore, in discriminant diagrams for source, granitoids are mainly derived from the partial melting of metaigneous rocks with minor sediments in the lower crust. The new identification of the Myitkyina Meso-Tethys ophiolitic suite in eastern Myanmar and mafic enclaves indicate that these Cretaceous igneous rocks were the products of the tectonic evolution of the Myitkyina Tethys Ocean, which was related to post-collisional slab rollback. Moreover, the Tengchong terrane is probably the southern extension of the South Qiangtang terrane. LITHOSPHERE; v. 12; no. 1; p. 150–165 | Published online 30 January 2020 https://doi.org/10.1130/L1149.1 INTRODUCTION batholith which is located in the southern Lhasa terrane (Xie et al., 2016; Qi et al., 2019). However, the dynamic setting of Early Cretaceous magmatism Granites, as results of tectono-thermal events, display great diversity in the eastern Tengchong terrane and its tectonic affinity remain debated. due to the variety of their sources, evolution processes, and emplacement For instance, some researchers suggest that abundant Early Cretaceous within different tectonic regimes and geodynamic environments (Barbarin, magmatism in the Tengchong terrane was related to the southward sub- 1999). Therefore, granites can provide important insights into tectonic set- duction of the Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethyan Ocean (Qi et al., 2011; Xu tings and crust-mantle interaction within orogenic belts (Xu et al., 2008). et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2015, 2017a, 2017b, 2018; Qi et al., 2019). Others Accordingly, the Early Cretaceous granitoids widespread in the Tengchong propose post-collisional settings to interpret the generation of these igneous terrane, SW China, are prime records for understanding their tectonic envi- rocks (Yang et al., 2006; Luo et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012; Cao et al., 2014). ronments and Sn mineralization related to synchronous magmatism (Cong Recently, identification of mafic enclaves (Cong et al., 2010; Zhang et al., et al., 2011a, 2011b; Qi et al., 2011; Luo et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2012; Cao 2018; Qi et al., 2019) and the Middle Jurassic Myitkyina ophiolitic suite et al., 2014; Zhu et al., 2015; Xie et al., 2016; Fang et al., 2018; Zhang et suggest that the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean in the Tibetan Plateau extended al., 2018; Qi et al., 2019). On the basis of close similarity in geochemical southward into the Myitkyina-Mogok area in Myanmar, to the west of characteristics and chronology of these igneous rocks, geologists proposed the Tengchong terrane (see Fig. 1B; Liu et al., 2016a, 2016b), rather than that the Tengchong terrane is most likely linked with the Lhasa terrane Gaoligong shear zone (see Fig. 1B). Subsequently, the geodynamic setting and experienced similar tectonic histories since the Early Paleozoic (Xu responsible for the Early Cretaceous magmatism and tectonic affinity of et al., 2008, 2012; Xie et al., 2016; Qi et al., 2019). Compared with the the Tengchong terrane needs to be re-evaluated. magmatism in the Lhasa terrane, the Early Cretaceous magmatism in the In this study we present new zircon laser ablation–inductively coupled Tengchong terrane is considered as the eastern extension of the Gangdese plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating data, whole-rock geochemical, and Nd isotopic results for Early Cretaceous granites (124 Ma) from the Tengchong terrane. Combined with previous data He Xiaohu http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-3172 Shucheng Tan http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8534-7422 of granitoids and mafic enclaves in this area, we provide new insights *[email protected] into their petrogenesis, and the dynamic setting of the Early Cretaceous Geological© 2020 The Society Authors. of Gold America Open |Access: LITHOSPHERE This paper | Volume is published 12 | underNumber the 1 terms| www.gsapubs.org of the CC-BY-NC license. 150 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/12/1/150/4952537/150.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 XIAOHU HE ET AL. | Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous granitoids in the Tengchong terrane RESEARCH Legend 115 112110 500km 122 Tarim Basin B ARSZ: Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone 115 C 120130 BNS: Bangong-Nujiang Suture Lushui 124 IBR: Indo-Burman Range N MBT: Main Boundary Thrust N. Q J Legend S. Q ia in MCT: Main Central Thrust 124 ia ngt s ngt ang ha S STDS: South Tibet Detachment System ang N L u e S tu YTS: Yarlung-Tsangpo Suture o- BN S r Te S Mes e LSS: Longmu Co-Shuanghu Suture 119 t o P hy -Tet s hys a l Thrust fault Mingguang M Xigaze Lhasa e 25°40'N o Ophiolite belt Shear zone B YT - T S T e 130 t STDS h 120 y MCT s Tengchong a India Plate n i Gaoligongshan Group y k t a i y m M r South China u Fig.1c Block t B a A e R e y r S W Indochina a Shan Z d n n R Block u Plateau Paleozoic sediments o B b I o n 115 a h S South Indian Ocean China r z Yangon Sea Granitoids a e Andaman Sea h 25°20'N 25°20'N g s Paleogene n 121 o g F 122 i l Burma T Guyong 124 o G Late Cretaceous Fig. 2 a Sudan G 125 Early Cretaceous Tengchong Cizhouba GTF= 25°00'N Gudong-Tengchong Fault DYJF= 25°00'N 125 122 Dayingjiang Fault F BLJF= J Menglian e L Binlangjiang Fault n B o 121 r z Lianghe NLRF= a e Nujiang-Longling-Ruili Fault h 129 F g s n R a L b Yingjiang N Nabang a N Menglong 114 24°40N' Longpen 115 Baoshan Longling 122 terrane 24°40N' JF Y D 127 122 122 120 120 A 115 N o 0 4 South 117 128 China N o 0 Hi Tibet In 3 ma d South la o ya c h China 24°20'N in Sea Bangwai N a o 0 2 India Fig.1b Indian Ocean Longchuan 1000km N 128 o 0 20km 0 1 97°30'E 119 98°30'E o o o o 70 E 80 E 90 E 100 E Figure 1. (A) Simplified tectonic map of the Tibetan Plateau (modified after Qi et al., 2019). (B) Tectonic division of the eastern Tethyan tectonic domain (modified after Liu et al., 2016a). (C) A simple geological map of the Tengchong terrane, SW China (modified after Xie et al., 2016). Numbers in circles represent zircon U-Pb dating of magmatic rocks from literature data in Table 1. Geological Society of America | LITHOSPHERE | Volume 12 | Number 1 | www.gsapubs.org 151 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/lithosphere/article-pdf/12/1/150/4952537/150.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 XIAOHU HE ET AL. | Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous granitoids in the Tengchong terrane RESEARCH magmatism, to understand the evolution of Meso-Tethys and the tectonic Cretaceous–Cenozoic igneous rocks intruded this terrane, which is cov- affinity of the Tengchong terrane. ered by Paleogene–Quaternary volcanic rocks. Magmatism of this period induced the absence of the Cretaceous–Eocene sedimentary strata (Liu REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SETTINGS et al., 2009). Two stages of magmatism in the Tengchong terrane have been reported in previous studies: (1) Late Cretaceous to early Cenozoic The Tengchong terrane is located in the southern margin of the Tibetan magmatism (75–65 Ma, Xie et al., 2016) and (2) early Cenozoic mag- Plateau (see Fig. 1A) and is bound by the Gaoligong shear zone to the matism (55–47 Ma, Xu et al., 2012; He et al., 2019a). The terrane can east and the Myitkyina suture to the west (Replumaz and Tapponnier, be divided into the eastern and western Tengchong by the Dayingjiang 2003; see Fig. 1B). Previous studies on the paleogeographic evolution fault (Fig. 1C) and is also cut by several ductile shear zones such as the of eastern Tethys (Cocks and Torsvik, 2013; Metcalfe, 2013; Burrett et NNE-trending dextral Nabang shear zone and the prominent N-S–strik- al., 2014) suggest that the Tengchong terrane was located in the northern ing dextral Gaoligong shear zone, which, according to 40Ar/39Ar dating, margin of the Gondwana supercontinent during the early Paleozoic, and separates the Tengchong terrane from the Baoshan terrane and deformed accreted to the Eurasia plate in the late Mesozoic.
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