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Recycling Sewage Water for Scouring and Dyeing

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Recycling Sewage Water for Scouring and Dyeing Recycling Sewage Water For Scouring and Dyeing By Dr. R. P. Harker Group Manaager, Coloration, Finishing,Water and Effluent Wira Leeds, England IJ Between 1970-1973,an important piece of coopera- phaseof thework is receivingsimilar support fr tive research was carried out in the, then, Borough of GARB(Garment & AlliedIndustries Requireme Pudsey (West Ridingof Yorkshire). The objectiveof the Board. work was to show that sewage effluent,.properly treated, could beused as a main water supply for textile Background processing. Takingpart inthe experimental work The Borough of Pudsey is situated betweenthe c11 were Messrs. Henry Lister and Sons Ltd., a branch of of Leeds and Bradford and has a Dstulation of so Courtaulds and the prospective water user, the Water 40,000 persons. Although it is probabiy best known Pollution Control Departmentof Pudsey Borough Coun- cil,the prospective suppliers, and Wiraacting in a monitoringand advisory capacity. The initial pilot scheme, which became known as the Pudsey Project and hasbeen fullydescribed elsewhere, is presented here in outline. The finalphase of the experiment, that dale Mill of Messrs.Henry Lister and Son of connectingthe whole mill to the useof re-cycled water, commenced July 1, 1977, and was scheduled to finish by June30, 1979. This part of the work will again be a cooperative effort: Messrs. Henry Lister and Sons Ltd and Wira will carry out and monitor full-scale wet processing trialsand the Yorkshire Water Authority (YWA) and Wira will monitor the water supply to the to the works inlet. The total water consumption at mill.The initial work receivedconsiderable support mill isapproximately 1,136 M3/day. from the Department of the Environment and the last The mill has for many years derived its water fr Table I. Water analyses. Softened Humus tank Land filtration W ell well Well effluent area effluent water at water at Property pH 77.2 .O 10.6 2 2 Brown Color (Hazen) 2 2 Turbidity - (Formazin Units) 2.5 3 .O 290 Suspended solids (mg/l) Nil NII 57 48 0 280 930 Total dissolved solids (mg/l)280 480 28 2 48 1 64 Carbonate hardness1 as CaCO, (mg/l)48 282 4 0 Nil Nil Non carbonate hardnessNil as CaCO, (mg/l) 40 Total hardness as CaCO, (mg/l) 322 4864 1 Total alkalinity as CaCO, (mg/l) 282 76 220 22 0 28 108 Calcium hardness as CaCO,28 (mg/l) 220 1 02 20 56 Magnesium hardness as20 CaCO, (mg/l) 102 Acidity to pH 8.3 at CO, (mg/l) 35 - 25 Iron filtered sample at Fe (mg/l) 0.25 0.03 Nil Iron -total as Fe (mg/l) Nil 0.18 0.85 Manganese in filtered sample as Mn (mg/l) 0.16 Nil 0.10 Chlorion (mg/l) 36 36 21 2 Nitrites as N (mg/l) Nil 0.05 1.o Nitrates as N (mg/l) 9.2 Trace Trace ount of 0.8 0.6 29.4 Permanganate value (mg/l)0.6 0.8 Chlorine absorbed Chlorine as CI, (mg/l) 0.9 0.7 74.5 28 AmerlcanDyestuff Reporter January Circle 13 on Reader Service Table 11. Experimental sand filter. Stage 1 (a)To establishthat the effluent from Hought.)kre's why Rot October to December 1968 Works was potentially of a sufficiently high qualiti(W textile printi warrant aninvestigation into its effects upon clot. RHOPLEX 2 Hum us tank FilteredHumustank used in textile processing. Property effluent effluent effluent Property (b) TO justify, by laboratoryexperiments, the available at version of partof themill production to the usem We offer a k pH 7.1 7.1 effluent. We SUPPI!, 2 Suspended9 sollds (rngil) 52 (c) To convert part of themill production, with m. RHOPLEX' BOD (rngil) 12 25 toringof the effect of theuse of effluent upon p' modlflers, essesinvolved in the production of a variety of V, COD (rngil) 72 122 surfact,?:1ts. PV (rngil) 11.5 18.2 textile fabrics. Chlorion (rngil) 146 146 Stage 1 was completed and reported to the Dei.. Our r€?SealC Nitrites as N (rngil) 0.1 7 0.28 ment theof Environment by January 1974. pr0duct.s yo Nitrates as N (rngil)16.3 15.8 binders, nor Arnrnonlacal nltrogen2.15 as N (rngil) 2.27 Stage 2 chemrcals, I The convekion of the entire mill production to iree sources: (1) a private well; (2) the Pudsey Beck; use of recycled water from sewage effluent. Suit;Al*ough We'rE and (3) town water. largescale treatment facilities have been desiymall enough Generallyspeaking the demands so far as process and installed at the Houghside Works of the 'forkst @'e You Intent waterare concerned have been met from sources (1) Water Authority (YWA), and the supply system to.kMtlle Qrlntlng; and (2). Source (1) provides an excellent quality water, millcommissioned so thatStage 2 could be irn:mlormatlon ba m en ted. samples andic but the amount available issamples diminishing. Source (2) is mented. unsuitable in times of highflow, largely due to the presence of excessive amounts of suspended solids. In Feasibility studies-Stage 1 [a] the event of any failure insources (1) and (2), source (3) Sewage is treated at Houghside Works by filtratr is utilized. It is, however, expensive and its use has the with recirculation of effluent. followed bv irrioatioom %HI effect of denuding domestic users ofwater in other land filtration areas. In 1968 the works w'as rGuirf parts of the town. The mill has problems, therefore, in comply withthe river authority standard. While meeting Its presentwater demand incertain circum- was not achieved in the humus tank effluent, the li stances. Theseproblems are likely to become more area effluent was wellwithin the standard. Tab1 acute andcertainly any future expansioncould be shows the analysesof wellwater, before and al seriously restricted by water considerations. softening, in use at the mill, and the works humusti andland area effluents. It appearedthat the expl Objectives mentshould be concerned withthe use, at I From the original concept the workdeveloped in a rate initially, of an effluent of a similar quality to li natural sequence of events, including the involvement area effluent. of the Department of the Environment, and culminating However, it is difficult from a geographical poi in the present project designedto lead to conversion of view to convey landarea effluent to themill the whole of the processing at the mill to the use of ef- consequently thoughts were centered upon mechan fluent water. The sequence may be briefly described in means of improving the humus tank effluent. It I the followingstages. furthermorefelt that mechanical means, being m Table Ill. Water qualities (a) used and (b) rejected for textileprocessing. - Raw Loose wool wool Hank TOP Package . Piece Piece I scouringdyeing dyeing scouring dyeing scouring dyeinl Samples alb 33/13 2518 1516 1517 1316 64140 46/2(- Turbidity a - 92 - 26 95 ~ 73 (Forrnazin Units) b - 357 - 162 89 ~ 255 Color a 18 33 43 ~ 12 27 26 (" Hazen) b 67 98 33 ~ 52 46 81 a 0.70 0.26 0.50 0.1 8 0.65 - 0.30 b 0.75 1 .50 1.20 0.34 0.44 - 0.65 Manganese a 0.77 0.10 0.1 0 0.1 2 0.12 0.09 0.10 (rng/l) b 0.18 0.26 0.05 0.1 5 0.1 5 0.19 0.28 Suspended solids a - - 2 - 2 4 3 (rng/l) b - - 2 - 14 10 19 Total hardness a 41 (40) - - - 56 (601 - - (rng/l as CaCO,) b 150 (1 50) ~ 160 (1601- Alkalinity a 56 68 46 58 55 108 78 hg/l as CaCO,) b 88 90 56 223 69 107 82 - Arnerlcan Dyestuff Reporter 30 Dyestuff Arnerlcan January Table IV. Typical analytical results. Hum us Auxiliary Humus tank water tank bo Streamsupply effluent liquo Sample Units 1 2 3 4 Color Hazen 30 100 60 500 Conductivity micro-mhos 1000 1100 1000 1500 Turbldlty Formarin Units 60 260 180 3000 Suspended solids msil 6 50 20 85 pH as CaCO, 7.7 7 .O 7 .O 1 Alkalinlty rngil as CaCO, 170 180 200 ~ 35 0 150 200Total Hardness mgil150 as CaCO, 350 PV rngil as CaCO, 3 20 10 60 BOD mgil as CaCO, 3 20 10 200 Chlorion mgil as CaCO, 90 160 180 200 Sulphate rngil150 as CaCO, 250 150 500 Chlorine dosage mgil as CaCO, NII NII 20 Nl: Table V. Effects of chlorination. tra(fra cr,uld be tbcb f,~!that th. CI pf(R.t'\< wa!er. Dose timeContact Mono-chlor- Free Di-chlor- E.Coli Total susp. (mg/l) (hr) CI. amine amine I100 mi Bact. solids 22 4 5 11 2 5 50 21 44 5 4 1 7 0 13 10 54 4 0.1 1.7 4 .O 0 9 26 54 4 0.2 2.8 3 .O 0 42 24 54 4 0.2 2.8 3 .O 0 12 16 54 4 0.2 2.8 3 .O 0 4 21 54 24 54 0 0 0 0 3 18 54 24 54 0 1 .o 4 .O 0 6 30 66 48 0 0 0 0 0 20 88 4 9 4 1 0 0 37 7.i Full-scale exper RR AQ n nr " - " 7" " U .3 u.t U 0 4 3.i large-Before 88 120 0 0 0 0 0 14 7,~ .c taken In the mil -,-, 88 120 0 0 0 0 0 JJ be solved. irres moSt Importan positive than land areas, would be essential in any full associations in theUK. Recent drought conditions;'u Workforcerea~lly andac c scale usage.
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