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September 2019 Research Performance of Top Universities in : Based on Index Kodanda Rama PES College of Engineering, [email protected]

C. P. Ramasesh [email protected]

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Rama, Kodanda and Ramasesh, C. P., "Research Performance of Top Universities in Karnataka: Based on Scopus Citation Index" (2019). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2889. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2889 Research Performance of Top Universities in Karnataka: Based on Scopus Citation Index

Kodandarama1 and C.P. Ramasesh 2

ABSTRACT: [Paper furnishes the results of the analysis of of research papers covered by Scopus database of , USA. The coverage of the database is complete; citations depicted by Scopus upto June 2019 are considered. Study projects the research performance of six well established top universities in the state of Karnataka with regard the number of research papers covered by scholarly journals and number of scholars who have cited these research papers. Also projected is the average citations per research paper and h-Index of authors. Paper also projects the performance of top faculty members who are involved in contributing research papers. Collaboration with authors of foreign countries in doing research work and publishing papers are also comprehended in the study, including the trends in publishing research papers which depict the decreasing and increasing trends of research work.]

INTRODUCTION:

Now-a-days, there is emphasis on improving the quality of research papers on the whole. In this direction, national academic and research bodies including assessment and accreditation agencies such as University Grants Commission, All Council of Technical , Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, National Assessment and Accreditation Council and National Board of Accreditation do rely upon of journals and h-Index derived from citation indices to determine the quality of research publications. Impact factor and h-Index depicts the quality of papers based on the extent of use. Of late, there is focus on the prevention of plagiarism as well. The extent of originality of research papers is projected by the plagiarism check using anti-plagiarism software like as iThenticate and Turnitin . The anti-plagiarism software while scanning covers more than 65 billion pages web content. Moreover, the software scans within 10 minutes and shows how far the research paper submitted by the scholar is original. It also retrieves the sources from where the text contents are copied and finally enables to verify with already published research papers, side-by-side.

1. Sri. Kodandaram, Chief Librarian, PES College of Engineering, Mandya 571401 E.mail:[email protected]. 2. Dr. C.P.Ramasesh, Former Librarian, University of , Mysore 570006 (Address: 1212, Ashoka Circle, Chamaraja Puram, Mysore-570005. E.mail: [email protected].

In this present survey, attempt is made by the authors to project the research performance of top performing six universities in the state of Karnataka. The research papers covered by the Scopus citation index, up to June 2019 is considered. Further, attempt is made to project the collaborative research with the authors of foreign countries and the extent of use of papers based on citations.

In the present survey, h-Index is derived from Scopus Index. Scopus is the citation index, a product of M/s. Elsevier, USA. Scopus covers citations mainly from scholarly journals in the disciplines of and technology. As of now, 22500 journals are covered by Scopus. Another popular citation index available to determine the h-Index is . It is the product of Analytics, USA. Grant giving organizations and assessment bodies usually rely upon either of these American citation indexes.

Here, h-index is an author-level metric that attempts to measure both the productivity and of the publications of a scientist or scholar. The index is based on the set of the scientist's most cited papers and the number of citations that they have received in other publications. The h-index method of calculating the performance of authors was suggested in 2005 by Jorge E. Hirsch, an American Physicist. The calculation made and indicated as the Hirsch index or Hirsch number. The advantage of the h-index is that it combines productivity (i.e., number of papers produced) and impact (number of citations) in a single number.

When we say the h-Index of an author or organization is 30, which means, 30 of his papers have been used and cited by more than 30 authors while writing their papers. For each of these 30 papers, there will be minimum of 30 citing authors. Thus, the quality is determined based on the extent of use. Hirsch reckons that after 20 years of research, an h- index of 20 is good, 40 is outstanding, and 60 is truly exceptional.

Table 1 : Top performing universities in Karnataka State

Sl. No. Universities Place Year of Establishment 01 Mysuru 1916 02 Dharwar 1950 03 University Bengaluru 1964 04 Mangalore 1980 05 University Kalaburgi 1980 06 University 1987

As of 2019, there are 27 universities in the state of Karnataka. Considering the year of establishment of state universities, the University of Mysore is the oldest of all which was established in the year 1916. Karnatak University, Dharwar is the second one which came into being in the year 1950 and was established in the year 1964. The three other universities shown in the above table were established during 1980s.

Table 2 : Use of research papers based on citations

No. of No. of Average Sl. Universities Research Times Citation h-Index No. Papers Cited per item 01 University of Mysore 8007 63740 7.96 80 02 Karnatak University 4847 62277 12.84 91 03 Bangalore University 5562 59197 10.64 88 04 Mangalore University 4251 34422 8.09 67 05 2229 26743 11.99 62 06 2065 24681 11.95 63

The authors of Karnatak University though published 4847 papers, there are altogether 62277 citations depicting an h-Index of 91. The average citation per item stands at 12.84. Though the total publications of the University of Mysore depicted is 8007 papers, the total number of citations is 63740 with an h-Index of 80. Therefore, the University of Mysore is at the second place. Further, Bangalore University has contributed 5562 papers with average citation per item stands at 10.62. Gulbarga University though established in 1980, the h-Index is showing 63 as of June 2019.

Table 3 : Disciplines in which maximum number of papers published Sl. No. of Universities Subject Areas No. Papers 01 University of Mysore 1. Chemistry 2822 2. Physics 1844 02 Karnatak University 1. Chemistry 1949 2. Material Science 915 03 Bangalore University 1. Chemistry 1244 2. Engineering 1049 04 Mangalore University 1. Physics 2084 2. Astronomy, physics 1997 05 Gulbarga University 1. Engineering 501 2. Astrophysics 472 06 Kuvempu University 1. Chemistry 799 2. Pharmacology, Toxicology & 415 Pharmaceuticals

As regards total number of papers contributed, University of Mysore is on the top with 8007 papers. However, considering the discipline-wise contribution, maximum number of papers are found in the discipline of chemistry from University of Mysore with 2822 papers, Karnatak University with 1949 papers in chemistry. Similarly, from Bangalore University and Kuvempu University, maximum number of papers are in the discipline of Chemistry with 1244 and 799 papers respectively. Further, 1844 and 2084 papers are depicted in the discipline of physics from University of Mysore and Mangalore University. Further, there are 1049 and 501 papers on Engineering subjects from Bangalore University and Gulbarga University respectively being the maximum number of papers contributed.

Table 4 : Increasing / Decreasing trend in publishing research papers in Karnataka Sl. No. Universities 2018 2017 2016 2015 01 Mangalore University 304 206 198 189 02 Bangalore University 392 313 316 243 03 Karnatak University 269 210 219 237 04 Gulbarga University 101 74 108 79 05 Kuvempu University 171 188 138 119 06 University of Mysore 379 407 407 424

The data in the above table clearly depict that except in Mangalore University, Bangalore University and Karnatak University, there is decreasing trend as to the number of publications are considered in all the universities of the state. There is gradual increase in the number of papers contributed from Mangalore University. During 2015 there were only 189 papers and the number increased to 304 in 2018, depicting steady growth. The data also indicates that there is steady decrease in the number of papers contributed from the University of Mysore. The rest of the two universities also depicted the decreasing trend.

Table 5: Number of countries collaborated for publishing research papers No. of No. of Percentage of Sl. No. of Universities countries collaborated collaborated No Papers Collaborated Papers Papers 1 Univ of Mysore 8007 74 1920 23.40 2 Karnatak Univ 4847 98 859 17.72 3 Bangalore Univ 5562 74 828 14.87 4 Mangalore Univ 4551 78 1637 38.51 5 Kuvempu Univ 2229 49 426 19.11 6 Gulbarga Univ 2065 36 237 10.63

Table shows number of foreign countries collaborated in research work and also in contributing the research papers. Authors of the University of Mysore have collaborated with the authors of 74 foreign countries and the percentage of papers represent 23.40. Mangalore University authors have collaborated with 78 foreign countries and the number of papers is 1637 and the percentage of collaborated papers stands at 38.51, , being the highest among all the universities. Karnatak University has collaborated with the authors of 98 foreign countries and the percentage of papers represent 17.72. Bangalore University authors have collaborated with the authors of 74 foreign countries and percentage of contributed papers represent 14.87. Gulbarga University and Kuvempu University have collaborated with 36 countries and 49 countries respectively and the percentage of contributed papers represent 10.63 and 19.11 respectively.

Table 6. Research performance of two popular universities in the country Average Sl. No. of No. of Universities Citation per h-index No. Papers Citations item 01 University of Hyderabad 12947 203953 15.75 140 04 JNU 12750 149173 11.69 128

Performance of well established two universities in the country is depicted in the above table. Considering the h-Index as the criterion, University of Hyderabad stands first with 140 h-Index. 12947 research papers have been cited 203953 times by authors across the world. This is considered as the best research performance in the country. The Jawaharlal Nehru University with 128 h-Index has been projected as the best performance.

Jawahalal Nehru University is also among the top performers with an h-Index of 128. When the h-Index is said to be 128, which means 128 research papers have been cited by minimum of 128 authors across the world; for each of the 128 papers, there are minimum of 128 citing authors from various scholarly journals.

Table 7. Performance of Faculty based on number of papers and citations Average Sl. No. of No. of Universities Faculty Citation h-index No. Papers Citations per item 01 Karnatak Aminabhavi 491 20910 42.58 71 University TM Nandibewoor 361 4282 11.86 31 ST 02 Bangalore Venugopal 259 833 3.21 12 University KR Patnaik LM 188 724 3.85 12 03 Mangalore Gowda BT 559 2850 5.60 26 University Narayana B 707 3956 5.59 25 04 University of Rangappa 414 5221 12.61 37 Mysore KS Yathirajan 684 3227 4.71 23 HS 05 Kuvempu Girisha BJ 152 1766 11.61 21 University Sherigara BS 146 2832 19.40 30 06 Gulbarga Mulimani 71 1130 15.91 20 University VH Umavathi JC 100 1055 10.55 18

The table depicts the best performance of the faculty members of six universities based on number papers and citations. Prof. Aminabhavi T.M. of Karnatak University, Dharwar has published 491 papers, with an h-Index of 71. For each of his papers, on an average there are 42.58 citations. From the same university, Prof. Nandibewoor S.T. has published 361 papers and his h-Index is 31. Next to this the best performance is of Prof. Rangappa K.S. from University of Mysore with 414 papers and an h-Index of 37. Prof. Sherigara from Kuvempu University has 146 papers and the h-Index is 30. Prof. Narayana B. of Mangalore University has contributed 707 papers with h-Index of 25 and Prof. Gowda B.T. has contributed 559 papers with an h-Index of 26.

Prof. Rangappa K.S and Prof. Yathirajn H.S.. have contributed 414 and 684 papers respectively. However, the performance of Prof. Rangappa happens to be the best from the University of Mysore as the h-Index is depicting 37.

Among the faculties of the six universities in Karnataka, the best notable performance is of Prof. Amina bhavi of Karnatak University, Prof. Rangappa of the University of Mysore and Prof. Sherigara B.S of Kuvempu University. Performance is based on number of papers contributed and further, the criterion of h-Index.

Table 8. Highly cited papers faculty in Karnataka Sl. No. of Faculty University Name of the Journals No. times cited 01 Aminabhavi T.M Karnatak Journal of controlled release, Vol.70 (1-2) 2327 2001 Journal of controlled release, Vol.70 (1-2) 1569 2004 02 Byrappa K & Mysore Phytochemistry Reviews 550 Vol. 5 (1) 2004 03 Kumar SG and Bangalore Journal of Physical Devi LG Chemistry A, Vol. 115 1054 (46) 2011 03 Patani GA & Mangalore Chemical Rewiews, Vol. 790 La Voie EJ 96 (8), 1996 04 Kavi Kishor PB Gulbarga Current Science, Vol. 88 734 et.al. (3) 2005 05 Girish K. & Kuvempu/Mysore Nucleic Acids Research, 1954 Kemparaju K Vol.37 (1), 2009

The above table projects the research papers which are highly cited as per Scopus citation database. The paper of Prof. Aminabhavi T.M of Karnatak University has contributed a paper entitled “ Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices” published in Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 70 No. 1&2, 2001 has a total of 2327 citations. The paper of Girish K. and Prof. Kemparaju K. of Kuvempu University have published a paper in Nucleic Acids Reviews Vol. 37 No.1, 2009 which has a total of 1954 citations. Further, Kavi Kishor and others have published paper in Current Science Vol.88 No. 3, 2005 has a total citation of 734. These are the authors having highest number of citations for their research papers.

FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION:

The number of papers being contributed by the faculties is gradually decreasing in four of the universities in Karnataka. It is mainly because of the fact that most of the senior professors in the universities of Karnataka have attained superannuation and the posts of professors are vacant since a long time. Even one hundred year old university (University of Mysore) and seventy year old (Bangalore University) are facing inadequacy of teaching staff even to discharge effectively the routine functions of teaching and research. However, this trend is not so in case of some of the popular universities of the country such as JNU, University of Hyderabad and Osmania University. There is steady increase in the research contribution in these universities.

Impact factor of journals, h-Index of individual faculty and institution and percentage of similar content are the factors to be considered for quality performance in research. Considering the factor of h-Index, the performance of Karnatak University, Dharwar has to be appreciated as it is going beyond 91.

Except Mangalore University and Gulbarga University, a large percentage of the research contributions is from the discipline of chemistry. Most of the research papers contributed pertains to chemistry (Multidisciplinary).

Performance of faculties of all the universities of the state with regard to collaboration with the authors of foreign countries for research and publications is excellent. A good percentage of papers have been published in association with foreign authors (co-authorship).

The contributions of Prof. Aminabhavi of Karnatak University is excellent with an h-Index of 71 according to Scopus and 66 according to Web of Science. Further, his research papers have been cited by so many authors; two of his papers have been cited by 1569 and 2327 authors. For each of his 491 papers, on average there are 42.58 citing authors. This happens to be the best performance in the state of Karnataka . The grant giving organizations and quality performance assessment bodies do rely upon reports based on citation studies, especially those studies dependent on Web of Science and Scopus. Hence the importance of citation studies and bibliometric studies.

REFERENCES:

1. Ankasetty K. and M. Surulinathi (2013) Highly cited papers from University of Mysore: A Citation mapping. Current Science, Vol. 2 No.2, pp 50-54. 2. Gangan Prathap and B. M. Gupta(2009)Ranking of Indian universities for their research output and quality using a new performance index. CURRENT SCIENCE, Vol. 97, No. 6,pp.751-52

3. Harinarayana, N. S. and Vasantha Raju, N. (2012) of publications of LIS teachers in South India. Information Studies, 18 (3). pp. 143-161. 4. Harinarayana, N. S. and Vasantha Raju, N. (2012) Prof. B. Ramesh Babu as seen through . In: Dynamics of Librarianship in the Knowledge Society: Festschrift in Honour of Prof. B. Ramesh Babu. B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, pp. 1359-1376. ISBN 978-93-5050-061-3 5. Somashekara, Y. L. (2014) H index : a study of University of Mysore publication based on Web of Science data base. In: Third National Conference on , Big Data Analytics (BDA) and Libraries, 31st May, 2014, Kuvempu University Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shimoga. 6. Somashekara, Y. L. and Kumbar, Mallinath (2015) Citation analysis of Doctoral Theses of Zoology subject submitted to three universities in Karnataka, India. e-Library Science Research Journal, 3 (4). pp. 1-14. ISSN 2319-8435 7. Scopus Citation Index http://www.scopus.com (Retrieved on 17th June 2019) 8. Web of Science/ Web of Knowledge https://login.webofknowledge.com (Retrieved on 16 th June 2019)