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Expressions of Tagalog Imaginary the Tagalog Sarswela and Kundiman in Early Films in the Philippines (1939–1959)
ISSN: 0041-7149 ISSN: 2619-7987 VOL. 89 • NO. 2 • NOVEMBER 2016 UNITASSemi-annual Peer-reviewed international online Journal of advanced reSearch in literature, culture, and Society Expressions of Tagalog Imaginary The Tagalog Sarswela and Kundiman in Early Films in the Philippines (1939–1959) Antonio p. AfricA . UNITAS Expressions of Tagalog Imaginary The Tagalog Sarswela and Kundiman in Early Films in the Philippines (1939–1959) . VOL. 89 • NO. 2 • NOVEMBER 2016 UNITASSemi-annual Peer-reviewed international online Journal of advanced reSearch in literature, culture, and Society Expressions of Tagalog Imaginary The Tagalog Sarswela and Kundiman in Early Films in the Philippines (1939–1959) Antonio P. AfricA since 1922 Indexed in the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America Expressions of Tagalog Imgaginary: The Tagalog Sarswela and Kundiman in Early Films in the Philippines (1939–1959) Copyright @ 2016 Antonio P. Africa & the University of Santo Tomas Photos used in this study were reprinted by permission of Mr. Simon Santos. About the book cover: Cover photo shows the character, Mercedes, played by Rebecca Gonzalez in the 1950 LVN Pictures Production, Mutya ng Pasig, directed by Richard Abelardo. The title of the film was from the title of the famous kundiman composed by the director’s brother, Nicanor Abelardo. Acknowledgement to Simon Santos and Mike de Leon for granting the author permission to use the cover photo; to Simon Santos for permission to use photos inside pages of this study. UNITAS is an international online peer-reviewed open-access journal of advanced research in literature, culture, and society published bi-annually (May and November). -
PH - Songs on Streaming Server 1 TITLE NO ARTIST
TITLE NO ARTIST 22 5050 TAYLOR SWIFT 214 4261 RIVER MAYA ( I LOVE YOU) FOR SENTIMENTALS REASONS SAM COOKEÿ (SITTIN’ ON) THE DOCK OF THE BAY OTIS REDDINGÿ (YOU DRIVE ME) CRAZY 4284 BRITNEY SPEARS (YOU’VE GOT) THE MAGIC TOUCH THE PLATTERSÿ 19-2000 GORILLAZ 4 SEASONS OF LONELINESS BOYZ II MEN 9-1-1 EMERGENCY SONG 1 A BIG HUNK O’ LOVE 2 ELVIS PRESLEY A BOY AND A GIRL IN A LITTLE CANOE 3 A CERTAIN SMILE INTROVOYS A LITTLE BIT 4461 M.Y.M.P. A LOVE SONG FOR NO ONE 4262 JOHN MAYER A LOVE TO LAST A LIFETIME 4 JOSE MARI CHAN A MEDIA LUZ 5 A MILLION THANKS TO YOU PILITA CORRALESÿ A MOTHER’S SONG 6 A SHOOTING STAR (YELLOW) F4ÿ A SONG FOR MAMA BOYZ II MEN A SONG FOR MAMA 4861 BOYZ II MEN A SUMMER PLACE 7 LETTERMAN A SUNDAY KIND OF LOVE ETTA JAMESÿ A TEAR FELL VICTOR WOOD A TEAR FELL 4862 VICTOR WOOD A THOUSAND YEARS 4462 CHRISTINA PERRI A TO Z, COME SING WITH ME 8 A WOMAN’S NEED ARIEL RIVERA A-GOONG WENT THE LITTLE GREEN FROG 13 A-TISKET, A-TASKET 53 ACERCATE MAS 9 OSVALDO FARRES ADAPTATION MAE RIVERA ADIOS MARIQUITA LINDA 10 MARCO A. JIMENEZ AFRAID FOR LOVE TO FADE 11 JOSE MARI CHAN AFTERTHOUGHTS ON A TV SHOW 12 JOSE MARI CHAN AH TELL ME WHY 14 P.D. AIN’T NO MOUNTAIN HIGH ENOUGH 4463 DIANA ROSS AIN’T NO SUNSHINE BILL WITHERSÿ AKING MINAHAL ROCKSTAR 2 AKO ANG NAGTANIM FOLK (MABUHAY SINGERS)ÿ AKO AY IKAW RIN NONOY ZU¥IGAÿ AKO AY MAGHIHINTAY CENON LAGMANÿ AKO AY MAYROONG PUSA AWIT PAMBATAÿ PH - Songs on Streaming Server 1 TITLE NO ARTIST AKO NA LANG ANG LALAYO FREDRICK HERRERA AKO SI SUPERMAN 15 REY VALERA AKO’ Y NAPAPA-UUHH GLADY’S & THE BOXERS AKO’Y ISANG PINOY 16 FLORANTE AKO’Y IYUNG-IYO OGIE ALCASIDÿ AKO’Y NANDIYAN PARA SA’YO 17 MICHAEL V. -
MY MIIC STAR PHILIPPINES SONGS 4378 SONGS No
MY MIIC STAR PHILIPPINES SONGS 4378 SONGS No. Artist Song Title 55142 17:28 NETWORK I 55143 17:28 SUKOB NA 56237 1017 BERTING 58528 1017 CHARING 58685 1017 SANA 56247 14K DADAANIN KO NA LANG SA KANTA 59345 14K SAMA SAMA 57152 2 Unlimited NO LIMIT 59075 2001 CC TSUBIBO 55105 6 cycle mind SANDALAN 56102 6 Cycle Mind BIGLAAN 58345 6 CYCLE MIND I 58544 6 Cycle Mind CIRCLE 56314 6 Cyclemind MAGSASAYA 56908 6 Cyclemind TRIP 57005 6 cyclemind GAYA NG NOON 57030 6 Cyclemind NALILITO 58447 6 Cyclemind UMAASA 58494 6 Cyclemind WAIT OR GO 58547 6 Cyclemind DINAMAYAN 58619 6 Cyclemind AAMININ 58684 6 Cyclemind SALUDO 59024 6 Cyclemind WALANG IWANAN 56134 6 cylce mind PABA 56204 6 cylce mind SIGE 59176 7th Coral Group KAPUSO 56747 92 AD DIWA NG PASKO 57504 A. PASCUAL ANG TANGING ALAY KO 55477 A.TORRES MAHIWAGA 55391 A.Torres & R.Malaga SARONG BITUON (BICOLANO) 58594 Abdilla SABALAN 58596 Abdilla SURATAN 58597 Abdilla WAY BULI RAPAT 58608 Abdilla SIMASANDUNG 58609 Abdilla SUSA ATAY DAYANG 58675 Abdilla INA AMA 58680 Abdilla MALASA MAGTUNANG 57952 Abigail BONGGAHAN 58562 Acel PAKIUSAP 58584 Acel Bisa ONE LOVE 57247 Acosta & Russell DEEP IN MY SOUL 57269 Acosta-Rusell DON'T FADE AWAY 56921 Adamo ALINE khe.com.au khe.co.nz picknmix.com.au miicstar.com.au MY MIIC STAR PHILIPPINES SONGS 4378 SONGS No. Artist Song Title 58917 Adelaida Ramones KARIK KENKA 58934 Adelaida Ramones REBBENG NA KADI 58946 Adelaida Ramones TOY AYAT KO 58905 Adelaida Ramones & Randy Corpuz APAY NGA INAYAT NAK 58943 Adelaida Ramones & Randy Corpuz SIKSIKA 55470 Aegis BASANG BASA SA -
English Songs
English Songs 18000 04 55-Vũ Luân-Thoại My 18001 1 2 3-Gloria Estefan 18002 1 Sweet Day-Mariah Carey Boyz Ii M 18003 10,000 Promises-Backstreet Boys 18004 1999-Prince 18005 1everytime I Close My Eyes-Backstr 18006 2 Become 1-Spice Girls 18007 2 Become 1-Unknown 18008 2 Unlimited-No Limit 18009 25 Minutes-Michael Learns To Rock 18010 25 Minutes-Unknown 18011 4 gio 55-Wynners 18012 4 Seasons Of Lonelyness-Boyz Ii Me 18013 50 Ways To Leave Your Lover-Paul S 18014 500 Miles Away From Home-Peter Pau 18015 500 Miles-Man 18016 500 Miles-Peter Paul-Mary 18017 500 Miles-Unknown 18018 59th Street Bridge Song-Classic 18019 6 8 12-Brian McKnight 18020 7 Seconds-Unknown 18021 7-Prince 18022 9999999 Tears-Unknown 18023 A Better Love Next Time-Cruise-Pa 18024 A Certain Smile-Unknown 18025 A Christmas Carol-Jose Mari Chan 18026 A Christmas Greeting-Jeremiah 18027 A Day In The Life-Beatles-The 18028 A dear John Letter Lounge-Cardwell 18029 A dear John Letter-Jean Sheard Fer 18030 A dear John Letter-Skeeter Davis 18031 A dear Johns Letter-Foxtrot 18032 A Different Beat-Boyzone 18033 A Different Beat-Unknown 18034 A Different Corner-Barbra Streisan 18035 A Different Corner-George Michael 18036 A Foggy Day-Unknown 18037 A Girll Like You-Unknown 18038 A Groovy Kind Of Love-Phil Collins 18039 A Guy Is A Guy-Unknown 18040 A Hard Day S Night-The Beatle 18041 A Hard Days Night-The Beatles 18042 A Horse With No Name-America 18043 À La Même Heure Dans deux Ans-Fema 18044 A Lesson Of Love-Unknown 18045 A Little Bit Of Love Goes A Long W- 18046 A Little Bit-Jessica -
History of Philippine Music
PRESENTED BY: Frances Ramona Pantig Joyce Cristene Marquez Fatima Munoz Bianca Monique Bargas Fundamentals of Music 1 Fundamentals of Music 2 Filipinos are said to be Musical Peoples. In most cases, singing is accompanied by dancing. They used Bamboo canes, Palm leaves and bark of trees to write their songs and a piece of sharp stick or iron for their pen. Even their instruments were made of Bamboo and wood which indicated their primitiveness. Fundamentals of Music 3 Functions of their music: Religious Social life Characteristics of their Music: Recitative Mostly simple two note music Example of these are: | Dal-lot – a song sung by farmers during wedding, baptismal and others parties accompanied by Kutibeng (guitar). | Pamulinawen – is a love song | Dung-aw – is a song requesting a dead person to be good in his next life. Fundamentals of Music 4 Early Filipinos music was influenced by trade relations other races like: |Malays |Indonesians |Arabs |Chinese |Indo-Chinese |Japanese and |Hindus Fundamentals of Music 5 Chinese, Japanese and Hindus introduce their five-tone scale called pentatonic. The rhythmic effects through the use of gongs, drums and cymbals were brought by Hindus and Mohammedans. Reed type of wind instruments were brought by Japanese and Chinese Fundamentals of Music 6 Ordinary songs (diyuna, talindaw) Street songs (indulamin, suliranin) Sorrow (dalit, umbay) Wedding (ihiman) Rowing (tigpasin, kalusan) Lullaby (hele-hele, hili, oyayi, iyaya) Success (baling-kungkong, dapayanin, hiliran, sambotani, tagumpay) House (tingad) General merry making (kalipay) Counting (urukay) Fundamentals of Music 7 Musical Airs From different Regions Filipino Music has grown from the simple two note melody to the music that has become today. -
Titel Interpret
Titel Interpret ( I LOVE YOU)FOR SENTIMENTAL REASONS SAM COOKE (SITTIN' ON)THE DOCK OF THE BAY OTIS REDDING (YOU'VE GOT) THE MAGIC TOUCH THE PLATTERS A MILLION THANKS TO YOU PILITA CORRALES A SHOOTING STAR (YELLOW) F4 A SUNDAY KIND OF LOVE ETTA JAMES AIN'T NO SUNSHINE BILL WITHERS AKO ANG NAGTANIM FOLK (MABUHAY SINGERS) AKO AY IKAW RIN NONOY ZUÑIGA AKO AY MAGHIHINTAY CENON LAGMAN AKO AY MAYROONG PUSA AWIT PAMBATA AKO'Y IYUNG~IYO OGIE ALCASID ALIPIN AKO MARI ALITAPTAP FOLK (MABUHAY SINGERS) ALIVE JENNIFER LOPEZ ALL MY ONLY DREAMS THE WONDERS ALL OF ME FRANK SINATRA ALL RISE BLUE ALPABETONG PILIPINO AWIT PAMBATA ALWAYS YOU SOPHIE ZELMANI AM I THE SAME GIRL SWING OUT SISTER AMERICAN JUNK APO HIKING SOCIETY ANG ALAGA KONG ASO AWIT PAMBATA ANG DALAGANG PILIPINA FOLK (F. AGUILAR) ANG HANAP KO AY 'YONG PAG-IBIG MICHELLE AYALA ANG LAHAT NG ITO'Y PARA SA `YO HAJJI ALEJANDRO ANG LANGIT KO'Y IKAW CONSTANCIO DE GUZMAN ANG PIPIT FOLK (MABUHAY SINGERS) ANG ULAN AWIT PAMBATA ANIMALS MICHAEL LEARNS TO ROCK ANNIE BATUNGBAKAL HOTDOG ANO BA ANG NANGYARI APRIL BOYS ANO KA HILO GEE GIRLS ANONG DALING SABIHIN LADINE ROXAS ANOTHER CHANCE KENO ANTIPOLO FOLK (MABUHAY SINGERS) ANYWHERE IS ENYA AREGADENG AWIT PAMBATA AS LONG AS IT MATTERS GIN BLOSSOMS ASEREJE (The Ketchup Song) LAS KETCHUP ASK FOR MORE F4 BABAE HAGIBIS BABE COME HOME TO ME PAUL TOLEDO BABY I LOVE YOUR WAY BIG MOUNTAIN BABY'S IN BLACK THE BEATLES BAD TO ME BILLY J KRAMER BAHAY KUBO AWIT PAMBATA BAKIT ANG BABAE APO HIKING SOCIETY BAKIT DI KITA MALIMOT CENON LAGMAN BAKIT KITA MAHAL APRIL BOYS BAKIT -
We Talk to Radio
advertisement RISL MARCH 11, 2000 TITVT T Music Volume 17, Issue 11 £3.95 TOP 10 II Media.we talk to radio M&M chart toppers this week Sony takes SteppesSan Remo celebrates Eurochart Hot 100 Singles Italy's new music TOM JONES & MOUSSE T by Mark Dezzani Sex Bomb (Bliss Co.) to conquer Russia SAN REMO - The 50th edition of European Top 100 Albums by Gordon Masson, company set up by Sumin in 1996. A Italy's annual San Remo Song Festi- International news editor, Billboard Sony spokesman confirmed that the val (February 21-26) is being applaud- SANTANA company had acquired selected assets ed by the country's record industry Supernatural Moscow - Sony Music is taking the of Dana Music for an undisclosed fee. for breaking with tradition (Arista) plunge into the economically uncer- Sony claims to be the first company and becoming representa- European Radio Top 50 tain by establishing a wholly owned among the majors in Russia to have tive of Italy's new pop. ALL SAINTS subsidiary in Russia. 100% ownershipof a The festival is one Pure Shores Despite a chronic pira-Sony MusicRussian affiliate. How- of the biggest annual cy problem and plummet- ever, it is not the first to TV viewing events in se (London) ing sales in that territory, the compa-venture into the complex world of the Italy, and. the final Satur- European Dance Traxx ny is setting up Sony Music Enter- Russian music industry. Universal is day evening show on Italy's public ser- CHICANE tainment Russia (SMER). already heavily involved in the former vice network RAIUNO was watched by Don't Give Up Operating from offices in Moscow, Soviet country with its 90% stake in an audience of more than 16.2 million Universal Music Russia, and, with a (62.48% share). -
Magic Star Song Chips
www.Karaoke123.com Magic Star Tagalo Vol. 2 Chip (1363 Songs) No. Song Title Artist 4001 214 Rivermaya 4002 A CANAYACAFE J.LUIS PERALES 4003 A LONG LONG TIME AGO Kuh Ledesma 4004 A MEDIA LUZ DONATO LENZI 4005 A Perfect Christmas Jose Mari Chan 4006 A PESAR DE TODO A. FERNANDEZ 4007 A WOMAN'S NEED Ariel Rivera 4008 Aalis Ka Ba April Boy Regino 4009 ACERCATE MAS OSVALDO FARRES 4010 Adik Sa 'Yo Mystica 4011 After A While Jessa Zaragoza 4012 AKALA KO'Y PARA SA AKIN 4013 AKALA MO Aiza Seguerra 4014 AKING AMA 4015 AKING MINAHAL ROCKSTAR2 4016 Ako Ang Nagtanim Mabuhay Singers 4017 AKO AY IKAW RIN 4018 Ako Ba O Siya Hannah Villame 4019 Ako Nalang Ang Lalayo Frederick Herrera 4020 Ako Sayo'y Maghihintay Jessa Zaragosa 4021 AKO SI SUPERMAN REY VALERA 4022 Akong Pinangga Bing Rodrigo 4023 Ako'y Mahal Mo Rin Martin Nievera 4024 AKO'Y NAGKAMALI CRISTY MENDOZA 4025 Ako'y Nandyan Para Sa Iyo Michael V 4026 AKO'Y PINOY 4027 Ako'y Sayo First Circle 4028 ALA-ALA 4029 ALA-ALA AY IKAW 4030 ALAALA MO WHITE LIES 4031 Alaala Ng Lumipas 4032 ALA-ALA NG PAG-IBIG 4033 Alam True Faith 4034 Alam Mo Ba Ara Mina 4035 ALAM MO BA VINA MORALES 4036 Alapaap Eraserheads 4037 Alien Brod. Jocel 4038 ALIMUKON(VISAYA) MABUHAY SINGER 4039 ALMUSAL 4040 Alone In The Rain Pops Fernandez 4041 Ambon True Faith 4042 AMNESIA Lukas 1-888-558-6800 Page 1/33 www.Karaoke123.com Magic Star Tagalo Vol. 2 Chip (1363 Songs) No. -
The Use of Modelling Technology and Its Effects on the Music Industry
The Use of Modelling Technology and Its Effects on the Music Industry Viljami Wenttola Bachelor’s thesis May 2017 Degree Programme in Media and Arts Music Production ABSTRACT Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Media and Arts Music Production VILJAMI WENTTOLA The Use of Modelling Technology and Its Effects on the Music Industry Bachelor's thesis 43 pages, appendices 15 pages May 2017 Modelling technology has revolutionized the music production industry in a big way. It has affected everyone in the field of music production from the live side to the studio, both commercial and private. Even though modelling technology has been around in one form or another for twenty years or so, the last ten have possibly brought the great- est advancements. In this thesis, the goal was to map out some of these changes from several different points of view by interviewing four music production industry profes- sionals and researching literature. The thesis project is a full-length album that was rec- orded almost entirely with modelling technology with the purpose of educating peers and people interested in music production of the possibilities that technology can bring. The research yielded many compelling insights and points-of-view into the matter and gives a contemporary picture of a rapidly changing and growing industry. The inter- views of four established professionals in the field of music production and their differ- ing careers each give a unique perspective on the matter. They’re all transcribed and translated in the appendices and they make for very interesting reading. -
MY MIIC STAR PHILIPPINES SONGS 4378 SONGS No
MY MIIC STAR PHILIPPINES SONGS 4378 SONGS No. Artist Song Title 55142 17:28 NETWORK I 55143 17:28 SUKOB NA 56237 1017 BERTING 58528 1017 CHARING 58685 1017 SANA 56247 14K DADAANIN KO NA LANG SA KANTA 59345 14K SAMA SAMA 57152 2 Unlimited NO LIMIT 59075 2001 CC TSUBIBO 55105 6 cycle mind SANDALAN 56102 6 Cycle Mind BIGLAAN 58345 6 CYCLE MIND I 58544 6 Cycle Mind CIRCLE 56314 6 Cyclemind MAGSASAYA 56908 6 Cyclemind TRIP 57005 6 cyclemind GAYA NG NOON 57030 6 Cyclemind NALILITO 58447 6 Cyclemind UMAASA 58494 6 Cyclemind WAIT OR GO 58547 6 Cyclemind DINAMAYAN 58619 6 Cyclemind AAMININ 58684 6 Cyclemind SALUDO 59024 6 Cyclemind WALANG IWANAN 56134 6 cylce mind PABA 56204 6 cylce mind SIGE 59176 7th Coral Group KAPUSO 56747 92 AD DIWA NG PASKO 57504 A. PASCUAL ANG TANGING ALAY KO 55477 A.TORRES MAHIWAGA 55391 A.Torres & R.Malaga SARONG BITUON (BICOLANO) 58594 Abdilla SABALAN 58596 Abdilla SURATAN 58597 Abdilla WAY BULI RAPAT 58608 Abdilla SIMASANDUNG 58609 Abdilla SUSA ATAY DAYANG 58675 Abdilla INA AMA 58680 Abdilla MALASA MAGTUNANG 57952 Abigail BONGGAHAN 58562 Acel PAKIUSAP 58584 Acel Bisa ONE LOVE 57247 Acosta & Russell DEEP IN MY SOUL 57269 Acosta-Rusell DON'T FADE AWAY 56921 Adamo ALINE khe.com.au khe.co.nz picknmix.com.au miicstar.com.au MY MIIC STAR PHILIPPINES SONGS 4378 SONGS No. Artist Song Title 58917 Adelaida Ramones KARIK KENKA 58934 Adelaida Ramones REBBENG NA KADI 58946 Adelaida Ramones TOY AYAT KO 58905 Adelaida Ramones & Randy Corpuz APAY NGA INAYAT NAK 58943 Adelaida Ramones & Randy Corpuz SIKSIKA 55470 Aegis BASANG BASA SA -
2004 01 Inside Pages
UP Film Institute Filmography of Filipino Films 2003 Introduced by Lucenio Martin L. Lauzon Compiled by Virginia D. Cuyugan and Lucenio Martin L. Lauzon with assistance from Pol del Mundo of the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) Ana Fajardo of the Film Academy of the Philippines (FAP) Edwin Joaquin of the MOWELFUND Film Institute The Filipino film celebrates this year its 85th anniversary but its activities and achievements through the years still need to be documented and assessed fully and systematically. Today, the country is still wanting not only in the capability to preserve its film heritage but also in the determined and sustained efforts to collect and preserve existing data on Filipino film for posterity. It does not help that the conservation of Filipino heritage, taxing and tedious as it is already, is appreciated by only a few individuals even within the industry. As an institution dedicated to the study of films, the UP Film Institute (UPFI) shall try to help in the task of gathering, classifying and disseminating data on the Filipino film. As part of its commitment to the public, the UPFI shall make these data available to everyone through the publication of a systematic and comprehensive listing of Filipino films, beginning with those produced in 2003. This year is most apropos as it was also in 2003 that the UPFI was formally established by virtue of the UP Board of Regents resolution. The UPFI realizes that such filmographies are indispensable for anyone who wants to gain an overview of the film landscape in the country and to make necessary, informed and authoritative observations on the state of the Filipino film industry. -
Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery ALSO by JOEL DAVID
UNITAS Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery ALSO BY JOEL DAVID The National Pastime: Contemporary Philippine Cinema Fields of Vision: Critical Applications in Recent Philippine Cinema Wages of Cinema: Film in Philippine Perspective Book Texts: A Pinoy Film Course (exclusively on Amauteurish!) Manila by Night: A Queer Film Classic SINÉ: The YES! List of 100+ Films That Celebrate Philippine Cinema (with Jo-Ann Q. Maglipon; forthcoming) VOLUME 89 • NUMBER 1 UNITASSemi-annual Peer-reviewed international online Journal of advanced reSearch in literature, culture, and Society Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery PART II: EXPANDED PERSPECTIVES Joel david since 1922 Indexed in the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America Millennial Traversals: Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery (Part II: Expanded Perspectives) Original Digital Edition Copyright 2015 by Joel David and Ámauteurish Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Cover still from Tiyanak, © 1988 Regal Films. All Rights Reserved. UNITAS is an international online peer-reviewed open-access journal of advanced research in literature, culture, and society published bi-annually (May and November). UNITAS is published by the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, the oldest university in Asia. It is hosted by the Department of Literature, with its editorial address at the Office of the Scholar-in-Residence under the auspices of the Faculty of Arts and Letters. Hard copies are printed on demand or in a limited edition. Copyright @ University of Santo Tomas Copyright The authors keep the copyright of their work in the interest of advancing knowl- edge but if it is reprinted, they are expected to acknowledge its initial publication in UNITAS.