Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Faculty and Staff Publications By Year Faculty and Staff Publications 2010 Saudi Arabia, Southern Arabia and the Gulf States from the First World War David Commins Dickinson College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.dickinson.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Commins, David. "Saudi Arabia, Southern Arabia and the Gulf States from the First World War." In New Cambridge History of Islam, edited by Francis Robinson, Vol. 5, 451-80. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. This article is brought to you for free and open access by Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact
[email protected]. 16 Saudi Arabia, southern Arabia and the Gulf states from the First World War DAVID COMMINS International context The aftermath of the First World War brought a new political order to the entire Middle East, including Arabia. The Ottoman Empire's collapse ended its role in Arabian affairs while Great Britain reached the peak of its influence. For launching the Arab revolt against the Ottomans, Shariff:Iusayn of Mecca received British support to establish the Hashemite kingdom of the Hijaz. The resurgent Sa'iidi emirate led by 'Abd al-'AzTz ibn Sa'iid had wrested al• Ahsa' from the Ottomans in 1913 and continued expanding after the war, conquering the Rashidi emirate ofJabal Shammar in 1921 and the kingdom of the Hijaz four years later. In North Yemen, the Ottoman evacuation gave the / Zaydi imamate occasion to occupy the coastal plain while Britain retained control over Aden and influence over the southern Yemeni hinterland.