Smithsonian olklife Festival \ Food Culture USA -. * ... Forest Service, t-; Culture, and Community Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture Oman: Desert, Oasis, and Sea VfeL3?3 ..-«** :"* 39th ANNUAL SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL Food Culture USA Forest Service, Culture, and Community Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture Oman: Desert, Oasis, and Sea JUNE 2 3 -July 4, 2005 WASHINGTON, D.C. The annual Smithsonian Folklite Festival brings together exemplary practitioners ot diverse traditions, both old and new, trom communities across the United States and around the world. The goal of the Festival is to strengthen and preserve these tradi- tions by presenting them on the National Mall, so that the tradition-bearers and the public can connect with and learn trom one another, and understand cultural differences in a respectful way. Smithsonian Institution Center tor Folklite and Cultural Heritage 750 9th Street NW Suite 4100 Washington, DC 20560-0053 www.folklite.si.edu © 2005 by the Smithsonian Institution ISSN [056-6805 Editor: Carla Borden Associate Editors: Frank Proschan, Peter Seitel An Director: Denise Arnot Production Manager: [oan Erdesky Graphic Designer: ECrystyn MacGregor Confair Design Intern. Ann Blewazka Printing Stephenson Printing Inc., Alexandria, Virginia SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL The Festival is supported by federally appropriated funds; Smithsonian trust funds; contributions from governments, businesses, foundations, and individuals; in-kind assistance; and food, recording, and craft sales. The Festival is co-sponsored by the National Park Service. General support for this year's programs comes from the Music Performance Fund, with in-kind support provided by Motorola, NEXTEL, WAMU 88. s FM.WashingtonPost.com, Pegasus Radio Corp., and Icom America. The 2005 Smithsonian Folklite Festival has been made possible through the generosity of the following donors. Lead Support Ministries of Heritage and Culture, Tourism, Information, and Foreign Affairs of Oman USDA Forest Service Whole Foods Market Founding Support Wallace Genetic Foundation National Endowment for the Arts Silk Soy Honda National Forest Foundation Horizon Organic Dairy United States Department of Agriculture Major Support NEXTEL V.mns Spices Chipotle Mexican Grill Farm Aid Guest Services. Inc. Joyce Foundation Honest Tea IBM Jean-Louis Palladin Foundation The Rodale Institute The American Chestnut Foundation Smithsonian Latino Initiatives Fund Univision Major In-kind Support KitchenAid Zola/Star Restaurant Group Collaborative Support Washington, DC Convention and Tourism Corporation Culinary Institute of America Marriott International Middle East Institute/Washington, D.C. Radio Bilingüe Ministry of External Relations of Mexico Public Authority for Crafts Industries of Oman SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL — CONTENTS The Festival's Timely Appeal 7 LAWRENCE M. SMALL Commerce for Culture: From the Festival and Folkways to Smithsonian Global Sound 9 RICHARD KURIN Welcome to the 200s Smithsonian Folkhte Festival 15 DIANA PARKER Food Culture USA: Celebrating a Culinary Revolution 17 JOAN NATHAN Forest Service, Culture, and Community 31 TERESA HAUGH AND JAMES I DEUTSCH Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture—Building Community 48 DANIEL SHEEHY Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture Construyendo comunidad 54 DANIEL SHEEHY Oman: Desert. Oasis, and Sea 61 RICHARD KENNEDY Craft Traditions of the Desert, Oasis, and Sea 66 MARCIA STEGATH DORR AND NEIL RICHARDSON An Omani Folktale 74 ASYAH AL-BUALY SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL Music and Dance in Oman 77 OMAN CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MUSIC KHALFAN AL-BARWANI, DIRECTOR General Festival Information 81 Festival Schedule 84 Evening Concerts 94 Related Events 95 Festival Participants 97 Staff 121 Sponsors and Special Thanks 124 Site Map 130-131 SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL — THE FESTIVAL'S TIMELY APPEAL LAWRENCE M. SMALL, SECRETARY, SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Folklife Festival! This year we feature [ 7 Welcome to the 2005 Smithsonian I four programs Oman: Desert, Oasis, and Sea; Forest Service, Culture, and Community; Food Culture USA; and Nuestra Música: Music in Latino Culture. Now in its 39th year, the Festival once again presents a sample of the diverse cultural heritage of America and the world to large public audiences in an educational, respectful, and profoundly democratic way on the National Mall of the United States. True to form, the Festival illustrates the living, vital aspect of cultural heritage and provides a forum for discussion on matters of contemporary concern. For the first time, the Festival features an Arab nation, Oman. Oman is at the edge of the Arabian Peninsula, both geographically and historically situated between East Africa and the Indian Ocean. Trade routes, frankincense, silverwork, Islam, a strategic location, and oil have connected it to the cultures of the Middle East, Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean region, and beyond. Contemporary Omanis live poised between a long and rich past and a future they are in the midst of defining. New roads, hospitals, schools, businesses, high-tech occupations, and opportunities for women are developing along- side traditionally valued religion, family life, artistry, and architecture. Omanis are well aware of the challenges of safeguarding their cultural heritage in an era ot globalization. The Festival program provides a wonderful illustration of the approaches they have taken and enables American visitors and Omanis to engage in open, two-way interchange. During the Festival, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service celebrates its 100th anniversary. Programs in previous years have illustrated the traditions of White House workers and of Smithsonian workers. This Festival examines the occupational culture of Forest Service rangers, smokejumpers, scientists, tree doctors, and many others devoted to the health and preservation of our nation's forests. They are joined by artists and workers from communities that depend upon the forests for their liveli- hood or sustenance. The Festival offers a wonderful opportunity tor an active discus- sion of the significance of our national forests and rangelands to the American people. Food Culture USA examines the evolution of our nation's palate over the past generation. New produce, new foods, new cooking techniques, and even new culi- nary communities have developed as a result of immigrant groups taking their place in our society, the rise of organic agriculture, and the growing celebrity ot ethnic and regional chefs on a national stage. A diversity ot growers, food inspectors, gardeners, educators, home cooks and prominent chefs share their knowledge and creativity as they demonstrate the continuity and innovation in America's culinary culture. SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL We also continue our program in Latino music this year with a series of evening concerts. Last year's program drew many Latinos Co the National Mall, helping the Smithsonian reach out to a major segment of the American population. Audiences were thrilled by the perfor- mances, as were the musicians who presented their own cultural expressions and thus helped educate their fellow citizens of the nation and the world. Smithsonian Folkways released recordings ot three of the groups, and one later went on to be nominated for a Grammy award. This year, Smithsonian Folkways will hopefully continue that tradition with additional talented musicians from New York, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. The Festival has provided an amazingly successful means of presenting living cultural tradi- tions and has been used as a model for other states and nations. It has also inspired other major national celebrations. Last year, the Festival's producer— the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage —organized two major benchmark events. Tribute to ¡i Generation: The National World llin // Reunion drew more than 100.000 veterans and members of the "greatest generation" to the Mall to celebrate the dedication of a new national memorial. Through discussions, perfor- mances, interviews, oral histories, and the posting of messages on bulletin boards, members of that generation shared their stories with some 200,000 younger Americans. It was a stirring and memorable occasion. Months later, the Center organized the Native Nations Procession and First Americans Festival tor the grand opening of the National Museum of the American Indian This constituted perhaps the largest and most diverse gathering of Native people in history, as hunts from Alaska and Canada marched down the Mall along with Suyas from the Amazon rainforest, Cheyennes marched with Hawaiians, Navajos with Hopis, to claim their respected place in the hemisphere's long cultural history. Over the course of the six-day celebration, some 000,000 attended concerts, artistic demonstrations, dances, and other activities and learned a great deal about the living cultural heritage of America's first inhabitants. The Festival and the other national events inspired by it help represent the cultural tradi- tions ot diverse peoples of this nation and the world to a broad public. The Festival is a unique experience, both educational and inspiring, and one 111 which you, as a visitor, are wholeheartedly welcome to participate. Enjoy it! SMITHSONIAN FOLKLIFE FESTIVAL COMMERCE FOR CULTURE From the Festival and Folkways to Smithsonian Global Sound RICHARD KURIN, DIRECTOR, SMITHSONIAN CENTER FOR FOLKLIFE AND CULTURAL HERITAGE of the amis of the Festival is to promote the continuity of