DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation of Anticancer Activities in Indian Seaweeds

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES IN INDIAN SEAWEEDS Thesis Submitted to the University of Goa For the award of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MARINE SCIENCES By RASHMI C. VINAYAK., M.Sc Under the guidance of Dr. ANIL CHATTERJI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY, BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY DIVISION, DONA PAULA- 403 004, GOA, INDIA February, 2011 1 2 CERTIFICATE I here by certify that the thesis entitled “EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES IN INDIAN SEAWEEDS”, submitted by Ms. RASHMI C. VINAYAK for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MARINE SCIENCES to the University of Goa is the result of the research work carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. ANIL CHATTERJI, National institute of Oceanography, Goa. I further declare that the results of this investigation have not been previously submitted for any degree or fellowship in any university or institution. (Dr. ANIL CHATTERJI) Place: NIO, Goa Date: 7/1/2013 3 DECLARATION I here by declare that the thesis entitled “EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES IN INDIAN SEAWEEDS”, submitted to the University of Goa for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MARINE SCIENCES is the result of the research work carried out by me under the guidance of Dr. ANIL CHATTERJI, National institute of Oceanography, Goa. I further declare that the results of this investigation have not been previously submitted for any degree or fellowship in any university or institution. (RASHMI C. VINAYAK) Place: NIO, Goa Date: 7/1/2013 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my deep sense of gratefulness and sincere thanks to my research supervisor and guide Dr. Anil Chatterji, Scientist and Deputy Director, Biological Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, for his meticulous guidance, constant encouragements and motivating advice throughout my research tenure. I wish to place on the record my deep sense of appreciation for intellectual freedom, comprehensive positive criticism and timely support given to me. I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Satish R. Shetye, Director, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, for giving me an opportunity to be associated with this institute and his silent support for the research work carried for my thesis. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Bharathi P. Salimath, Professor of Biotechnology and Chairperson, Department of Applied Botany and Biotechnology, University of Mysore, to pursue a part of my research work in her department at the University of Mysore. I am also thankful for her guidance, suggestions, expert appraisal and constant encouragement with extreme patience throughout this investigation. I am extremely indebted to Dr S. Wahidulla, Dr. P. S. Parameswaran, and Dr. Lisette of National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, and Goa, for their guidance and help during my research studies. I am extremely thankful to Dr. Z. A. Ansari, Dr. Virupax Banakar of National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, and Goa, for their timely help and advice during the course of my research work. I am grateful to Prof. H. B. Menon, Head, Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, for all the moral support and encouragement during entire period of research work. My sincere thanks to Dr. C. U. Rivonkar, Reader, Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, for all the help rendered to me during entire programme. I wish to express my sincere thanks to the catalyst to my work, namely, all my dear colleagues in the Aquaculture laboratory, especially Dr. A. S. Sabu, Dr. Sreekumar P. K, Dr. Savita Kotnala, Dr. Sumita Sharma, Dr. Shantanu Kulkarni, Ms Reena Rodrigues, Ms Madhurima Wakankar, Mr. Loknath Dora, Mr. 5 Cassius Andrade, Mr.Uddhav Suryavanshi, and Mr. Hrishikesh Pawar for their constant support and encouragements given to me without whom this thesis would have never been possible. I am very much thankful to Mr. Thippeswamy G, Mrs. Sheela M.L, Ms. Sunitha R., Mr. Shivakumar S, Mr. Prasanna Kumar S, Mr. Ramakrishna M. K, Mr. Akhilesh Kumar, Ms. Saritha D’Souza, Mrs. Kaveri K and Ms Shilpa P. They have helped me in many ways and will always be thankful for their kind help and moral support provided to me for carrying out my experimental work. I wish to acknowledge my thanks to Mr. Keshav Tari, Mr. Dinesh Shirwaikar, Mr. Suresh Gawas and Mr. P. R. Kurle for their help, companionship and encouragement during my research period in Aquaculture lab. I gratefully acknowledge CSIR for awarding me the Research Fellowship that helped me to carry out the thesis work. I am grateful to my parents, sisters for the constant support and encouragement given to me at every step of the way, without whom this thesis would never have been possible. Last but not the least; I would like to thank the almighty God for providing me with the inner strength to make this thesis a success. (RASHMI C. VINAYAK.) Place: NIO, Goa Date: 7/1/2013 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page No. No. DECLARATION CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE 1 1.1.1. Cancer Statistics 2 1.1.2. Causes of cancer 3 1.1.3. Cancer prevention 3 1.1.4. Cancer treatment 4 1.1.5. Anticancer agents 4 1.1.6. The need for new anticancer drugs 5 1.1.7. Natural products in cancer chemotherapy 6 1.1.8. Marine natural products as anticancer agents: their 7 source, collection and screening 1.2. APOPTOSIS: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW 11 1.2.1. Morphological features of apoptosis 11 1.2.2. Physiological significance of apoptosis 15 1.2.3. Molecular mechanisms of apoptotic signaling pathways 15 1.2.4. Final pathway- Caspases 16 1.2.5. Targeting apoptosis pathways in cancer therapy 17 1.3. FREE RADICALS AND DISEASES 20 1.3.1. Antioxidants 22 1.3.2. Antioxidant mechanism 22 1.3.2.1 Primary (chain-breaking) antioxidant 22 1.3.2.2. Secondary antioxidant 23 1.3.3. Types of antioxidants 24 1.3.3.1. Synthetic antioxidant 24 1.3.3.2. Natural antioxidant 24 1.3.3.3. Dietary antioxidants 25 7 1.3.3.4. Endogenous antioxidants 26 1.3.4. Phytochemicals 26 1.3.4.1 Phenolic compounds 27 1.3.5. Measuring antioxidant activity 28 1.4. TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS 30 1.4.2. The angiogenic 'switch' 32 1.4.3. Mechanisms of the angiogenic switch 33 1.4.4. Angiogenesis: Activators and inhibitors 35 1.4.5. Angiogenesis inhibitors as a strategy in the treatment of 39 cancer 1.5. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE CURRENT 44 INVESTIGATION 2. SCREENING FOR CYTOTOXIC AND PRO-APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY IN SEAWEEDS COLLECTED FROM THE COASTS OFF GOA AND MALWAN (MAHARASHTRA) 2.1 INTRODUCTION 45 2.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 2.2. 1. Animals, Cell lines and Chemicals 48 2.2. 2. Collection and identification of Seaweeds 48 2.2.3. Processing and preparation of methanol extract from 49 seaweed samples 2.2.4. In-vitro culture of cancer cell lines 49 2.2.5. Hatching of Brine shrimp 50 2.2.6. Brine shrimp lethality test 50 2.2.7. MTT assay 51 2.2.8. Wright's - Giemsa staining 52 2.2. 9. Annexin V apoptosis detection assay 52 2.2.10. Propidium Iodide (PI) staining for apoptosis detection 53 2.2.11. DNA fragmentation assay 53 2.2.12 Statistical analysis 54 2.3. RESULTS 55 2.3.1. Collection and identification of seaweeds collected from 55 8 the coasts of Goa and Malwan (Maharashtra) 2.3.2. S. marginatum extract (SME) inhibits proliferation of 61 HeLa and Hep-2 cells, and is lethal to brine shrimps in-vitro 2.3.3. S. marginatum extract (SME) induces apoptosis in 62 Giemsa, Annexin V and Propidium iodide staining assay of EAT cells 2.3.4. S. marginatum extract (SME) induces DNA 62 fragmentation in EAT cells by apoptosis 2.4. DISCUSSION 71 3. SCREENING FOR ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY IN SEAWEEDS COLLECTED FROM THE COASTS OF GOA AND MALWAN (MAHARASHTRA) 3.1. INTRODUCTION 74 3.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 78 3.2.1. Chemicals 78 3.2.2. Collection and identification of Seaweeds 78 3.2.3. Processing and preparation of methanol extract from 79 seaweed samples 3.2.4. DPPH radical scavenging assay 79 3.2.5. Total Polyphenolic content 79 3.2.6. Reducing power assay 80 3.2.7. Ferrous ion chelation assay 80 3.2.8. Statistical analysis 81 3.3. RESULTS 81 3.3.1. DPPH radical scavenging activity 81 3.3.2. Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) of seaweed extracts 82 3.3.3. Reducing power activity 82 3.3.4. Ferrous ion chelating activity 83 3.4. DISCUSSION 91 9 4. SCREENING FOR ANTI-ANGIOGENIC ACTIVITY IN SEAWEEDS COLLECTED FROM THE COASTS OF GOA AND MALWAN (MAHARASHTRA) 4.1. INTRODUCTION 99 4.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 101 4.2.1. Collection and identification of Seaweeds 101 4.2.2. Processing and preparation of methanol extract from 101 seaweed samples 4.2.3. Animals, in-vivo tumor model, cell lines and chemicals 101 4.2.4 In-vitro culture of EAT, BeWo, HUVEC and HEK-293 102 cells. 4.2.5. Thymidine incorporation assay 102 4.2.6. Matrigel tube formation assay 103 4.2.7. Migration of HUVEC’s in oil drop assay 103 4.2.8. Migration of HUVEC’s in wound-healing assay 105 4.2.9. Chorio-allantoic membrane assay (CAM) 105 4.2.10. Corneal Neovascularization (CNV) assay 106 4.2.11. Record of body weight, ascites volume, cell number and peritoneal angiogenesis of EAT hearing mice treated 107 with SME 4.2.12. Immunohistolgical analysis (H and E staining) 107 4.2.13. Immunohistolgical analysis (CD 31 staining) 108 4.2.14.
Recommended publications
  • Phaeophyceae)

    Phaeophyceae)

    Within-thallus variation on phlorotannin contents and physodes amount in Stypopodium zonale (Phaeophyceae) 1 1 GLAUCIA ANK ; WLADIMIR DA COSTA PARADAS ; GILBERTO MENEZES AMADO- 2 1 1* FILHO ; BERNARDO ANTÔNIO PEREZ DA GAMA & RENATO CRESPO PEREIRA . 1Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Niterói, Brasil. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Diretoria de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Abstract. Phlorotannins are defensive compounds produced by brown macroalgae and stored in vesicles called physodes. However, few studies have been performed to determine the relationship between the number of these cellular structures and the total amount of phlorotannins in different regions of the thalli of seaweeds. In order to verify this relationship, we quantified the number of physodes and the amount of phlorotannins in apical and basal portions of Stypopodium zonale thallus. The results showed that S. zonale apical regions exhibited significantly lower phlorotannin concentrations (0.49% DW + 0.04) than corresponding basal ones (0.78% DW + 0.21; p = 0.007). In addition, apical and basal regions of S. zonale also differed in the density of physodes, since apical fragments exhibited less physodes per cell (10.8 + 5.85) than basal fragments (42.73 + 16.16; p = 0.0035). Due to the defensive property of phlorotannins, a low amount of phlorotannins and physodes can become young or apical regions of S. zonale more susceptible to herbivory. Keywords: phlorotannins, physodes, tropical macroalga, Stypopodium zonale Resumo. Variação intra-talo da concentração de polifenóis e da quantidade de fisóides em Stypopodium zonale (Phaeophyceae). Florotaninos são conhecidos como substâncias defensivas produzidas por macroalgas pardas e armazenados em fisóides.
  • A Non-Native Macroalga Is Less Attractive for Herbivores but More

    A Non-Native Macroalga Is Less Attractive for Herbivores but More

    Ramalhosa et al. Helgol Mar Res (2016) 70:25 DOI 10.1186/s10152-016-0478-3 Helgoland Marine Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access A non‑native macroalga is less attractive for herbivores but more susceptible to light limitation and grazing stress than a comparable native species Patrício Ramalhosa1,2* , Sarah‑Lena Debus3,4, Manfred Kaufmann2,5,6 and Mark Lenz7 Abstract It has been suggested that non-native species are more tolerant towards abiotic stress than ecologically compara‑ ble native species. Furthermore, non-native marine macroalgae should be under lower grazing pressure than native seaweeds, because they left their co-evolved enemies behind. As a consequence, they generally need to allocate less energy to defences and can invest more into compensating the negative effects of abiotic stress or, assuming that grazing pressure is low but not zero, to defensive reactions following grazer attack. This, in turn, should make them more stress tolerant and less susceptible to herbivory. However, empirical evidence for both concepts is still scarce and very little is known about whether enemy release is commonly associated with an enhanced tolerance towards abiotic or biotic stress. We therefore ran an experimental study that (a) assessed attractiveness for grazers, (b) verified whether short-term low-light stress impairs growth and (c) investigated whether light limitation and previous grazing interactively affect the consumption of two macroalgae from Madeira Island, the native brown alga Stypopodium zonale and the non-native red alga Grateloupia imbricata by the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. To come to ecologi‑ cally meaningful low-light stress levels, pilot studies were performed in order to determine the light compensation point of photosynthesis for each algal species and then we established six light regimes around this point by reduc‑ ing the amount of incoming light.
  • Aeropalynological Study of Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan

    Aeropalynological Study of Yangmingshan National Park, Taiwan

    Taiwania, 50(2): 101-108, 2005 Two Marine Brown Algae (Phaeophyceae) New to Pratas Island Showe-Mei Lin(1,2), Shin-Yi Chang(1) and Chia-Ming Kuo(1) (Manuscript received 24 January, 2005; accepted 22 March, 2005) ABSTRACT: Two marine brown algae, Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida and Stypopodium flabelliforme Weber-van Bosse, are reported from Pratas Island for the first time. Diagnostic morphological features are illustrated and the taxonomic status of the two species is also discussed. KEY WORDS: Marine brown algae, Phaeophyceae, Cladosiphon okamuranus, Stypopodium flabelliforme. INTRODUCTION The marine macro-algal flora of Taiwan has been studied by numerous phycologists (summarized in Lewis and Norris, 1987). The recorded number of species reaches over 500 (Lewis and Norris, 1987; Chiang and Wang, 1987; Huang, 1990, 1991, 1999a, 1999b; Wang and Chiang, 1993; Wang et al., 1993; Huang and Chang, 1999; Lin, 2002, 2004; Lin et al., 2002, 2004a, 2004b; Lin and Fredericq, 2003). The number of marine macro-algal species for the region has recently increased due to intensive investigations this past decade (Huang, 1991, 1999a, 1999b; Wang et al., 1993; Huang and Chiang, 1999), and numerous new species continue to be discovered (Lewis et al., 1996; Lin et al., 2002). The marine flora of Pratas Island, a remote island situated at South China Sea between Hong Kong and the Philippines and one of territories of Taiwan, has been little studied in the past decades (Chiang, 1975; Lewis and Lin, 1994). Pratas Island, 2 km in length by 0.8 km in width, is part of emerged coral reef areas in western side of Pratas Atoll, ca.
  • Taonia Abbottiana Sp.Nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae)

    Taonia Abbottiana Sp.Nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae)

    FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©2004 Adac. Tous droits reserves. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available and may be cited as: Littler, D. S., & Littler, M. M. (2004). Taonia abbottiana sp. nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from the tropical western Atlantic. Cryptogamie Algologie, 25(4), 419-427. Cryptogamie, Algol., 2004, 25 (4): 419-427 © 2004 Adac. Tous droits reserves Taonia abbottiana sp. nov. (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) from the Tropical Western Atlantic1 Diane S. LITTLERa, b* & Mark M. LITTLERb aDivision of Marine Science, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, Florida 34946, USA. b National Museum of Natural History, Department of Botany, NHB-166, P.O. Box 37012, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20013-7012, USA. (Received 19 May 2004, accepted 18 August 2004) Abstract - A new species of brown algae, Taonia abbottiana D.S. Littler et M.M. Littler, is described from the tropical western Atlantic. To date, this is the only member of the genus reported from the region. Taonia abbottiana differs from other species of the genus in having (1) sporangia raised above the surface layer on a stalk composed of two cells, and (2) in addition having a surface cortical layer of differentiated cells that are smaller than those of the medullary layers. Taonia abbottiana has often been confused with Stypopodium zonate, but the two differ anatomically in the development of cells directly behind the growing margin and, when living at similar depths, T.
  • Chemical Signals in Coral Reefs - M

    Chemical Signals in Coral Reefs - M

    CHEMICAL ECOLOGY – Chemical Signals in Coral Reefs - M. Puyana CHEMICAL SIGNALS IN CORAL REEFS M. Puyana Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia Keywords: Coral reefs, pheromones, chemical defenses, chemical cues, coral reproduction, larval settlement, symbiosis, allelopathy Contents 1. Introduction 2. Chemical signaling in coral reefs 2.1 Feeding Attractants 2.2 Feeding Deterrents 2.3 Predator detection and alarm substances 2.4 Induced Defenses 2.5 Mate and kin recognition 2.6 Associational chemical defenses 2.7 Chemical signals in gamete attraction and spawning 2.8 Symbiotic associations 2.9 Larval settlement 2.10. Antifouling 2.11 Allelopathy 3. Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Chemical signaling is an important communication mechanism within and between species in the marine environment. Chemical cues are of particular importance in aquatic systems since visibility can be greatly impaired by sediment load and the attenuation ofUNESCO light at greater depths. The physical – EOLSSand chemical properties in the marine environment influence the way chemical signals are produced, transported and detected, and also determine the nature and success of ecological interactions. Marine animals have very well developed chemical senses and chemical signals can help animals to identify conspecificsSAMPLE and regulate social behavior. CHAPTERS Reproductive processes such as mate recognition and synchronization in gamete, or larval release, may be highly influenced by chemical signals especially in plants and invertebrates where hormonal signaling is not complex. The establishment and maintenance of symbiotic associations as well as homing behavior may require of chemical signaling although these processes are less understood. Chemical signals are also important in food recognition and ingestion by grazers, carnivores and scavengers, predator detection and avoidance, alarm responses and deterrence of feeding behavior.
  • Extraction Assistée Par Enzyme De Phlorotannins Provenant D'algues

    Extraction Assistée Par Enzyme De Phlorotannins Provenant D'algues

    Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques Maya Puspita To cite this version: Maya Puspita. Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques. Biotechnologie. Université de Bretagne Sud; Universitas Diponegoro (Semarang), 2017. Français. NNT : 2017LORIS440. tel-01630154v2 HAL Id: tel-01630154 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01630154v2 Submitted on 9 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Enzyme-assisted extraction of phlorotannins from Sargassum and biological activities by: Maya Puspita 26010112510005 Doctoral Program of Coastal Resources Managment Diponegoro University Semarang 2017 Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques Maria Puspita 2017 Extraction assistée par enzyme de phlorotannins provenant d’algues brunes du genre Sargassum et les activités biologiques par: Maya Puspita Ecole Doctorale
  • Seco-Taondiol, an Unusual Meroterpenoid from the Chilean Seaweed Stypopodium Flabelliforme and Its Gastroprotective Effect in Mouse Model

    Seco-Taondiol, an Unusual Meroterpenoid from the Chilean Seaweed Stypopodium Flabelliforme and Its Gastroprotective Effect in Mouse Model

    Mar. Drugs 2015, 13, 1726-1738; doi:10.3390/md13041726 OPEN ACCESS marine drugs ISSN 1660-3397 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs Article Seco-Taondiol, an Unusual Meroterpenoid from the Chilean Seaweed Stypopodium flabelliforme and Its Gastroprotective Effect in Mouse Model Carlos Areche 1,*, Julio Benites 2, Alberto Cornejo 3, Lina M. Ruiz 4, Olimpo García-Beltrán 5, Mario J. Simirgiotis 6 and Beatriz Sepúlveda 7 1 Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile 2 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Casilla 121, Iquique 1100000, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910132, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] 5 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730001, Colombia; E-Mail: [email protected] 6 Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] 7 Departmento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-02-2978-7259; Fax: +56-02-2271-3888. Academic Editor: Valeria Costantino Received: 22 January 2015 / Accepted: 20 March 2015 / Published: 30 March 2015 Abstract: Ten known meroterpenoids and the new meroterpenoid 7 were isolated from the Chilean seaweed Stypopodium flabelliforme as their acetylated derivatives.
  • Morpho-Anatomy of Stypopodium Zonale (Phaeophycota) from the Coast of Karachi, Pakistan

    Morpho-Anatomy of Stypopodium Zonale (Phaeophycota) from the Coast of Karachi, Pakistan

    Pak. J. Bot., 46(4): 1495-1499, 2014. MORPHO-ANATOMY OF STYPOPODIUM ZONALE (PHAEOPHYCOTA) FROM THE COAST OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN ALIA ABBAS1 AND MUSTAFA SHAMEEL2 1Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi-7530, Pakistan 2Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan Abstract A brown alga Stypopodium zonale (Lamouroux) Papenfuss (Dictyotales) was collected from Manora and Buleji, the coastal areas near Karachi (Pakistan) during March 2006-April 2009 and investigated for its morphology, anatomy and reproductive structures. This is the first detailed study on the Pakistani specimens of this species from these points of view, where presence or absence of intercellular spaces, cell-wall thickness of different cells and structure of surface cells were examined. In this connection the apical, middle and basal parts of the thallus were investigated anatomically. Introduction Begum & Khatoon, 1988: 299; Shameel & Tanaka, 1992: 39; Nizamuddin & Aisha, 1996: 131; Silva et al., 1996: Stypopodium zonale is a greenish brown, fan-shaped 612; Begum, 2010: 284; Abbas & Shameel, 2012: 147. and flabellate alga which occasionally grows in the littoral poles exposed to lowest tide level at the seashore Morphological characters of Pakistan (Shameel & Tanaka, 1992). Its growth was first noticed at the coast of Karachi by Nizamuddin & Thalli greenish brown in colour, erect; 5–30 cm Perveen (1986) and later on others (Begum & Khatoon, long, 10–25 cm broad at the apex, 5–10 cm broad at the 1988; Nizamuddin & Aisha, 1996). Only preliminary middle and 2–4 cm broad at the base; fan-shaped and studies was made on this seaweed by these workers.
  • Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology

    Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology

    Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology Herbalism, Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology AMRITPAL SINGH SAROYA Herbal Consultant Punjab India 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW CRC Press Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue Science Publishers an informa business New York, NY 10016 2 Park Square, Milton Park Enfield, New Hampshire www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN, UK Published by Science Publishers, P.O. Box 699, Enfi eld, NH 03748, USA An imprint of Edenbridge Ltd., British Channel Islands E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.scipub.net Marketed and distributed by: 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW CRC Press Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 Taylor & Francis Group 270 Madison Avenue an informa business New York, NY 10016 2 Park Square, Milton Park www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN, UK Copyright reserved © 2011 ISBN 978-1-57808-697-9 CIP data will be provided on request. The views expressed in this book are those of the author(s) and the publisher does not assume responsibility for the authenticity of the fi ndings/conclusions drawn by the author(s). Also no responsibility is assumed by the publishers for any damage to the property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher, in writing. The exception to this is when a reasonable part of the text is quoted for purpose of book review, abstracting etc.
  • Adl S.M., Simpson A.G.B., Lane C.E., Lukeš J., Bass D., Bowser S.S

    Adl S.M., Simpson A.G.B., Lane C.E., Lukeš J., Bass D., Bowser S.S

    The Journal of Published by the International Society of Eukaryotic Microbiology Protistologists J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 59(5), 2012 pp. 429–493 © 2012 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2012 International Society of Protistologists DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes SINA M. ADL,a,b ALASTAIR G. B. SIMPSON,b CHRISTOPHER E. LANE,c JULIUS LUKESˇ,d DAVID BASS,e SAMUEL S. BOWSER,f MATTHEW W. BROWN,g FABIEN BURKI,h MICAH DUNTHORN,i VLADIMIR HAMPL,j AARON HEISS,b MONA HOPPENRATH,k ENRIQUE LARA,l LINE LE GALL,m DENIS H. LYNN,n,1 HILARY MCMANUS,o EDWARD A. D. MITCHELL,l SHARON E. MOZLEY-STANRIDGE,p LAURA W. PARFREY,q JAN PAWLOWSKI,r SONJA RUECKERT,s LAURA SHADWICK,t CONRAD L. SCHOCH,u ALEXEY SMIRNOVv and FREDERICK W. SPIEGELt aDepartment of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada, and bDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada, and cDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA, and dBiology Center and Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, University of South Bohemia, Cˇeske´ Budeˇjovice, Czech Republic, and eZoology Department, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom, and fWadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, 12201, USA, and gDepartment of Biochemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada, and hDepartment of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada, and iDepartment
  • Curriculum Vitae

    Curriculum Vitae

    CURRICULUM VITAE Craig William Schneider July 20, 2020 __________________________ Department of Biology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106-3100 USA Email: [email protected] Tel.: (860) 297-2233 www: http://commons.trincoll.edu/cschneider/ Education __________________________ Gettysburg College 1966–1970. B.A.with Distinction in Biology (minor, Chemistry), 1970. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, USA Research: “A survey study of the filamentous algae of Adams County, Pennsylvania, September–October 1969” Gettysburg College 1971. Post-graduate coursework (Biological illustration) Duke University 1970–1975. Ph.D. Botany (focus, Phycology/Systematics; minor, Durham, North Carolina, USA Geology), 1975. Dissertation: “Spatial and temporal distributions of the benthic marine algae on the continental shelf of the Carolinas” Academic Appointments __________________________ 1971–1975 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Botany, Duke University 1971 Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Zoology, Duke University 1975–1981 Assistant Professor of Biology, Trinity College 1981–1987 Associate Professor of Biology, Trinity College 1982–1984 Visiting Associate Professor of Botany, Summer Session, Duke Univ. Marine Lab 1987–1998 Professor of Biology, Trinity College 1993–2011 Organizer/Coordinator, Environment & Human Values Minor, Trinity College 1995–1997 Charles A. Dana Research Professor, Trinity College 1997–2019 Coordinator, Marine Studies Minor, Trinity College 1997–2002 Chair, Department of Biology, Trinity College 1998–2020 Charles A. Dana Professor of Biology, Trinity College 2010–2015 Graduate Faculty Appointment, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Univ. Rhode Island 2011 Acting Chair, Department of Biology, Trinity College 2020 Charles A. Dana Professor of Biology Emeritus, Trinity College Teaching Experience __________________________ 1971–1975 Teaching Assistant, Duke University Courses: General biology, Plant diversity, Biological oceanography, Marine microbiology, Oceanography, Bacteriology.
  • Biogeographic Affinities of Dictyotales from Madagascar: a Phylogenetic Approach

    Biogeographic Affinities of Dictyotales from Madagascar: a Phylogenetic Approach

    Cryptogamie, Algologie, 2015, 36 (2): 129-141 © 2015 Adac. Tous droits réservés Biogeographic affinities of Dictyotales from Madagascar: a phylogenetic approach Frédérique STEENa*, Christophe VIEIRAa,b,c, Frederik LELIAERTd, E. Claude PAYRIb & Olivier DE CLERCKa aPhycology Research Group and Center for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium bLabEx-CORAIL, UMR9220 ENTROPIE “Écologie marine tropicale de l’Indo-Pacifique”, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, B.P. A5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France cSorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IFD, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 PARIS cedex 05, France dMarine Biology Section, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium Abstract – During the Atimo Vatae research cruise of 2010, the seaweed flora of the southern coast of Madagascar was extensively sampled. Here we report on the species diversity and biogeographic affinities of the brown algal order Dictyotales, which was assessed using DNA-barcoding makers. Molecular identification resulted in 23 MOTU’s belonging to 9 genera. From a biogeographic perspective Madagascar is considered to be part of the large tropical Western Indo-Pacific realm. However, only 3 out of 23 species confirmed this affinity. In contrast, species- and genus-level links to the more temperate coast of KwaZulu-Natal were as prominent (4 species) and 6 species represent endemic species. The remaining species were either widely distributed in tropical regions or their affinities were unclear. In conclusion, the Dictyotales data do not suggest the flora of southern Madagascar is unequivocally a part of the tropical Western Indo-Pacific realm, but rather a region of overlap, where more temperate species thrive in conjunction with some Indo West Pacific (IWP) elements.