JAMAICAN MUSIC By: Lydia Ascacíbar, 4ºA ROOTS: The music of Jamaica includes Jamaican folk music and many popular genres of music such as ska, reggae, dub, mento, rocksteady, dancehall, reaggea fusion and related styles. The Jamaican musical culture is the result of the merger of U.S. elements (rhythm and blues, rock and roll, soul) African and nearby Caribbean islands such as Trinidad and Tobago (Calypso and soca). EL REGGAE: It is especially popular thanks to the internationally renowned artists such as Bob Marley. Jamaican music has had a major influence on other styles of different countries. In particular, the practice of ``toasting'' for Jamaican immigrants in NY which evolved into the origin of ``rap''. Are also influenced other genres: punk, jungle and rock lovers. SOME FACTS: It is a kind of spiritual music, whose lyrics predominates praise of God or Jah (often exclaims Rastafari meaning "Prince Tafari" (ras is prince in amaharico), which refers to the birth name, Ras Tafari Makonnen, Haile King Selassie I of Ethiopia (1892-1975), revered as a prophet by the Rastafarians. letters in Other recurring themes include poverty, resistance to government oppression and the praises of ganja or marijuana. Some consider that the roots reggae had its peak in the late 1970s.'s roots reggae is an important part of the Jamaican culture. Though other forms of reggae, dancehall and have replaced it in terms of popularity in Jamaica, Roots Reggae found a small but growing in the world. Instruments Why reggae? -Guitar -Mbiras Currently is generally called raggamuffin or ragga reggae substyles some. Other sources indicate that the - Drums (``rhumba´´) term comes from a reggae song by The Maytals, called -Bass Guitar "Do the reggay" on the word "reggay" mean "regular", ie ordinary people and ordinary. -Maracas Horns of animals PERCUSSION (IN GENERAL) BOB MARLEY: Robert Nesta Marley Booker (February 6, 1945 - May 11, 1981) better known as Bob Marley, was a musician, guitarist and songwriter Jamaican. During his musical career, he was the leader, songwriter and guitarist for the ska, rocksteady and reggae The Wailers (1964-1974) and Bob Marley & The Wailers (1974-1981). Marley remains the most widely known and respected performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement (of which he was a committed member) to a worldwide audience. Among his biggest hits are the singles "I Shot the Sheriff", "No Woman, No Cry", "Jamming", "Redemption Song" and, together with The Wailers, "Three Little Birds", as well as the posthumous release " Buffalo Soldier ". The compilation album Legend, released in 1984, three years after his death, is reggae's best-selling album in history with 10 platinum albums in the United States and 20 million copies worldwide. SKA: It is a musical genre that originated in the late 50's and popularized during the first half of the 60 predominantly derived from the fusion of American black music of the time with popular proper Jamaican rhythms, being the direct precursor to rocksteady and later reggae . From the beginning, the ska versions of popular compositions for film and television ("The James Bond Theme", "Exodus", "A Shot in the Dark", "The Untouchables", etc..) Outlined his particular identity, including street, nostalgic and "mysterious" feature that would preserve through the ages. It was strongly associated with Rude Boy and independence of Jamaica from the UK, though it became popular around the world since shortly after his birth. THREE MOVEMENTS: 1ST WAVE: It has born in a time when the population began to flow from rural to urban. In cities, people congregated in places where "sound systems" pricked the latest news from American jazz, soul and, above all, "rhythm & blues". At first it was a noisy vans and primitive sound equipment. The two main ones were Trojan Duke Reid and Sir Coxsone Downbeat, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, who later would be joined Cecil Bustamante, known as Prince Buster. The "sound systems" had no choice but to punch American music, as Jamaican music industry was nonexistent. owners moved to Miami or New Orleans in search of new material that meet the high demand musical was on the island. Enjoy exclusive recordings and maintain the exclusivity of the clientele, is resorted to tricks like removing the label of the discs to make them unidentifiable or send thugs (Dance Crashers) to "sound systems" competition for boycott . The catalyst that started the Jamaican musical career was the future Prime Minister Edward Seaga, who in 1958 founded West Indian Records Limited, SECOND WAVE: In the 70's ska, thank rudeboys Jamaican immigrants, travels to England where it is mixed with punk resulting in a faster and more powerful sound while keeping the upbeat, danceable style. The ideology of these new rudies is less violent and will face the wave of racism fueled by the rising tide of right-wing country. The rudies and establish a maverick and anti-system that was typical of punk attitude. Between the late 70s and early 80s, in English New Wave era, the Two Tone label, among others, unveiled some of the most internationally famous groups. Such were Madness, Specials THIRD WAVE: While on one hand there are bands who continue the style 2 Tone, as The Busters, Scofflaws, The Pietasters, The Toasters or other recovered Pama International classic ska, sometimes called revival, it is completely away from the Second Wave and approaches the original sounds more like The Slackers with Chris Murray, Westbound Train, Hepcat, Inspecter 7 e Israelites. Now it is also important to note that in this wave generates "massive" genre foray into Latin America, raid that would result in the mixture of chords and instrumentalization of each country; In other words, each country would develop its own form of ska using their own tools and local tradition. PRINCE BUSTER Cecil Bustamente Campbell (born May 28, 1938), better known as Prince Buster, is a singer, songwriter and Muslim music producer from Kingston, Jamaica, and is remembered as one of the leading figures of ska-genre that emerged in the country in the late 1950s - and rocksteady. Album on the Blue Beat label in the '60s have inspired many reggae and ska singers..