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Le Manchot Adélie, Sentinelle De La Glace De Le manchot Adélie, sentinelle de la glace de mer : étude du comportement de recherche alimentaire en réponse aux variations environnementales en période de reproduction Candice Michelot To cite this version: Candice Michelot. Le manchot Adélie, sentinelle de la glace de mer : étude du comportement de recherche alimentaire en réponse aux variations environnementales en période de reproduction. Sci- ences de l’environnement. Université La Rochelle, 2020. Français. tel-03182132 HAL Id: tel-03182132 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03182132 Submitted on 26 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE LA ROCHELLE - ÉCOLE DOCTORALE EUCLIDE Thèse pour l’obtention du diplôme de doctorat Spécialité : Biologie de l’Environnement, des Populations, Écologie présentée par : Candice Michelot Le manchot Adélie, sentinelle de la glace de mer : étude du comportement de recherche alimentaire en réponse aux variations environnementales en période de reproduction Réalisée au Centre d’Études Biologiques de Chizé La Rochelle Université, UMR 7372 – CNRS Sous la direction de Yan Ropert-Coudert & Akiko Kato Soutenue le 18 Septembre 2020 MEMBRES DU JURY Sylvie MASSEMIN-CHALLET Maître de conférence, HDR, Université de Strasbourg Rapporteur Rory WILSON Professeur, Swansea University Rapporteur Philippe KOUBBI Professeur, Sorbonne Université Examinateur Vincent RIDOUX Professeur, La Rochelle Université Examinateur – Président Yan ROPERT-COUDERT Directeur de recherche, CEBC-CNRS Directeur de thèse Akiko KATO Ingénieur de recherche, CEBC-CNRS Invitée « Seuls le temps et la glace sont maîtres » Proverbe groenlandais Publications : - Publiées : Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T., Shiomi K., Goulet P., Bustamante P. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (2020). Sea-ice edge is more important than closer open water access for foraging Adélie penguins: evidence from two colonies. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 640, 215:230. - Soumises et en révision : Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (under review in PLoS One). Adélie penguins foraging consistency and site fidelity are conditioned by breeding status and environmental conditions. - En préparation : Michelot C., Kato A., Jonsen I., Raclot T., Bustamante P., Parenteau C., Ribout C. & Ropert- Coudert Y. (in prep). Within and inter-annual variation of the Adélie penguins foraging behaviour: impact of the sea-ice dynamics. - Autres publications : Michelot C., Pinaud D., Fortin M., Maes P., Callard B., Leicher M. & Barbraud C. (2017). Seasonal variation in coastal marine habitat use by the European shag: insights from fine scale habitat selection modeling and diet. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., 141, 224-236. Banaru D., Ballerini T., Michelot C., Le Bourg B. & Saraux C. (2013). Spatial and temporal variation in the condition factor of small pelagic teleosts in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Médit., 40 : 732. Article en ligne : Michelot C. (2020) – Antarctique: dans les coulisses d’une mission scientifique qui suit les manchots Adélie. The Conservation France Communications orales : Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T., Shiomi K., Goulet P., Bustamante P. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (in English). Adélie penguins do not take advantage of nearby polynyas during their first incubation foraging trip: evidence from a two-colony analysis. 12th European Ornithologists’ Union Congress, Cluj-Napoca (Roumanie), 2019. Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T., Shiomi K., Goulet P., Bustamante P. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (in French). Adélie penguins do not take advantage of nearby polynyas during their first iii incubation foraging trip: evidence from a two-colony analysis. 15ème Journées Scientifiques du Comité National Français des Recherches Arctiques et Antarctiques (CNFRA), Paris, 2019 – Prix “Coup de Coeur” du jury. Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T., Shiomi K., Goulet P., Bustamante P. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (in French). Sea-ice conditions affect the Adélie penguins foraging behaviour. Journée Équipe Prédateurs Marins, Chizé, 2019. Michelot C. Écologie spatiale d’un prédateur supérieur en Antarctique. Ma Thèse en 180 secondes, La Rochelle, 2019. Michelot C. Activité alimentaire du manchot Adélie en mer en fonction de la glace de mer. Colloque des Doctorants Deuxième Année, La Rochelle, 2019. Posters : Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T., Shiomi K., Goulet P., Bustamante P. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (in English). Adélie penguins do not take advantage of nearby polynyas during their first incubation foraging trip: evidence from a two-colony analysis. 10th International Penguin Conference, Dunedin (New Zealand), 2019. Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T., Shiomi K., Goulet P., Bustamante P. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (in French). Adélie penguins do not take advantage of nearby polynyas during their first incubation foraging trip: evidence from a two-colony analysis. Colloque des Doctorants Deuxième Année, La Rochelle, 2019. Michelot C., Kato A., Raclot T. & Ropert-Coudert Y. (in English). Sea-ice conditions and Adélie penguins foraging activity : a multi-year preliminary analysis. 14ème Journées Scientifiques du Comité National Français des Recherches Arctiques et Antarctiques (CNFRA), Strasbourg, 2018. Participation à des conférences – workshops - formations : Nouveau Chapitre de Thèse – La Rochelle, 2020 Formation à l’utilisation d’animaux de la faune sauvage non-hébergée à fins scientifiques (ExpeFS) – Paris, Chizé, 2019 POLAR2018 – Davos (Switzerland), 2018 iv Remerciements Ça y est, il est là, ce fameux manuscrit de thèse… Plus qu’une quête scientifique, une aventure humaine ! Ce travail et ces trois années de doctorat n’auraient pas été les mêmes sans bon nombre de personnes qui méritent d’être remerciées pour leur contribution, leur aide et leur soutien tout au long de cette odyssée. Tout d’abord, je tiens à adresser un gigantesque MERCI à mes superviseurs Yan et Akiko, pour m’avoir permis tout d’abord de réaliser cette thèse. J’ai réalisé ce travail dans les meilleures conditions possibles, encadrée de la meilleure des manières, celle dont tout thésard rêverait. Merci de m’avoir permis de partir en Antarctique, un rêve que je ne pensais pas réaliser un jour. Merci de m’avoir fait confiance, d’être restés disponibles, m’avoir apporté aide et soutien à tout moment tout au long de ces trois années. Merci d’avoir été patients aussi, avec mes phrases de douze pieds de long, mes explications parfois un peu tirées par les cheveux et des brain-storming (longs, très longs… parfois trop longs ?) à s’en faire mal au crâne. J’ai énormément appris grâce à vous, dans le domaine de la recherche mais également d’un point de vue personnel. Merci d’avoir été des supers encadrants tout au long de ces trois années. J’aurais aimé le crier haut et fort à l’oral, mais parfois les choses les plus évidentes sont celles que l’on oublie de dire : ce travail, c’est grâce à vous, merci mille fois pour tout. Ah, et aussi : TENTACULES ! Si c’était pas dit, au moins maintenant, c’est écrit ! Merci encore. Je remercie les membres de mon jury de thèse qui ont accepté d’évaluer ce travail, de le lire, de m’écouter le présenter dans des conditions pas forcément optimales. Vos avis et les discussions qui en ont découlé n’ont fait qu’accroitre ma motivation pour continuer dans ce domaine permettant de faire des rencontres toujours plus enrichissantes, diversifiées et de perfectionner au mieux son travail. Merci à Charly et Vincent également pour avoir accepté de faire partie de mon comité de thèse, pour leur bienveillance et leur aide pour me guider et m’aider à améliorer au mieux ce travail de thèse. Je tiens à remercier le directeur du laboratoire, Christophe Guinet, ainsi que le directeur de l’équipe Prédateurs Marins, Charly, pour m’avoir si bien accueillie ici à Chizé, et pour leur disponibilité en cas de besoins. Merci à Charline pour le soutien et l’aide apportée au labo’, et merci pour ton aide pour gérer au mieux l’organisation chaotique des soutenances de thèse en période de COVID! Un merci tout particulier à Christophe Barbraud. C’est grâce à toi que je suis entrée pour la première fois à Chizé lors de mon stage de Master 2, et grâce à toi que j’ai pu découvrir de plus près le monde merveilleux de la recherche. Qui plus est, j’ai pu découvrir les travaux de recherche menés dans ce labo’ sur ces régions qui paraissent si inaccessibles : les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises… Probable que ça n’ait pas été anodin dans mon choix de continuer dans ce domaine après le master ! v D’ailleurs, merci à Yan et Christophe, pour avoir monté et supporté le magnifique projet SENSEI. Merci à la Fondation BNP Paribas de l’avoir financé, et merci à l’IPEV et au WWF pour leur participation au financement de mon travail de thèse. À Marlène, Dominique, Delphine, Martine, Pascale, Arnaud, merci pour votre aide pour le bon fonctionnement du labo’. Merci également à l’administration du côté de l’Université de la Rochelle ! À Christophe (Coiffet) et Arnaud… Les mots me manquent ! Si je suis intéressée par l’activité alimentaire des animaux, c’est parce que
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