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A R C H I V O G E N E R A L D E I N D I A S THE DOCUMENT OF THE MONTH JUNE, 2021 EMPOWERING ARCHIVES: RECOVERING THE PAST. COMMEMORATE THE EVENTS Every month the Archivo General de Indias focuses its attention on a document, or on a group of documents, belonging to one of the fonds conserved in it, or to some of the archival tasks carried out there. Pursuing an informative purpose, with the document or documents exhibited -and along with a series of complementary information-, a showcase, so it can be easily seen by users who visit the Archive. DOCUMENT OF THE MONTH IN JUNE, THE ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS JOINS THE CELEBRATION OF INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES WEEK THROUGH VARIOUS INITIATIVES, INCLUDING THE PUBLICATION OF THE DOCUMENT OF THE MONTH DEDICATED TO THE POWER OF ITS RECORDS. THE RECORDS OF THE ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS IS MADE UP OF THE DOCUMENTS GENERATED BY THE CENTER, IN THE EXERCISE OF ITS FUNCTIONS, FROM 1785 TO THE PRESENT DAY. THROUGH THEM WE CAN ANALYZE ITS INSTITUTIONAL HISTORY AND LEARN ABOUT ARCHIVAL TASK CARRIED OUT BY ITS PROFESSIONALS. AMONG THE NUMEROUS RECORDS, WE CAN KNOW THE PARTICIPATION OF THE ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS IN THE COMMEMORATIVE ACTS OF THE IV CENTENARY OF THE "THE FIRST JOURNEY AROUND THE WORLD". ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS. ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS. ADAGI,1066 ADAGI,1066 The Magellan–Elcano circumnavigation was the first voyage around the world in human history. It was a Spanish expedition that sailed from Seville in 1519 under the command of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese, in search of a maritime path from Spain to East Asia through the Americas and across the Pacific Ocean, and concluded by Spanish navigator Juan Sebastian Elcano in 1522. Elcano and the 18 survivors of the expedition were the first men to circumnavigate the globe in a single expedition. Following Magellan's death in Mactan (Philippines) in 1521, Juan Sebastián Elcano took command of the ship Victoria, sailing from Borneo, the Spice Islands and back to Spain across the Indian Ocean, round the Cape of Good Hope and north along the west coast of Africa. They arrived in Spain three years after they left, in 1522. ARCHIVO GENERAL DE INDIAS. ADAG I,1066 In the 20th century, to celebrate the Fourth Centennial of the "The First Journey around the World", various activities were carried out in which the Archivo General de Indias participated an exhibition and documentary programme. The project began in 1919 and ended in 1922. To celebrate the Fourth Centennial of the "The First Journey around the World", in 1921 the II Congress of Hispano-American History and Geography was held in the offices of the Archivo General de Indias, whose participants requested the granting of the Great Cross of Alfonso XII for the Director of the Archive, Pedro Torres Lanzas. In 1922 a Literary Session about Magallanes-Elcano and an exhibition about the first circumnavigation of the Earth were held in the building of the Archivo General de Indias, where documents of the main institutions connected with the Indies were exhibited. This brief tour of the commemorative events of the IV Centenary of Circumnavigation -through the documents generated by the General Archive of the Indies in 1920-1922 shows us how an adequate organization, description and conservation of its records will allow us to empower knowledge about our institution. .

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The Straits of Magellan Were the Final Piece in in Paris
Capítulo 1 A PASSAGE TO THE WORLD The Strait of Magellan during the Age of its Discovery Mauricio ONETTO PAVEZ 2 3 Mauricio Onetto Paves graduated in 2020 will be the 500th anniversary of the expedition led by history from the Pontifical Catholic Ferdinand Magellan that traversed the sea passage that now carries his University of Chile. He obtained name. It was an adventure that became part of the first circumnavigation his Masters and PhD in History and of the world. Civilizations from the L’École des Ever since, the way we think about and see the world – and even the Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales universe – has changed. The Straits of Magellan were the final piece in in Paris. a puzzle that was yet to be completed, and whose resolution enabled a He is the director of the international series of global processes to evolve, such as the movement of people, academic network GEOPAM the establishment of commercial routes, and the modernization of (Geopolítica Americana de los siglos science, among other things. This book offers a new perspective XVI-XVII), which focuses on the for the anniversary by means of an updated review of the key event, geopolitics of the Americas between based on original scientific research into some of the consequences of the 16th and 17th centuries. His negotiating the Straits for the first time. The focus is to concentrate research is funded by Chile’s National on the geopolitical impact, taking into consideration the diverse scales Fund for Scientific and Technological involved: namely the global scale of the world, the continental scale Development (FONDECYT), and he of the Americas, and the local context of Chile.
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BOLETIN RSBAP LXXIV 2018.Indb
Aspectos médicos en la primera vuelta al mundo* JAVIER ALMAZÁN Doctor en medicina por la universidad Autónoma de Madrid Resumen: En el trabajo que se presenta a continuación se señalan los aspectos médicos de la expedición que por primera vez dio la vuelta al mundo bajo el mando de Fernando de Magallanes hasta su muerte y culminada por Juan Sebastián Elcano como capitán de la nao Victoria. Desde un punto de vista clínico se van a describir las enfermedades sufridas, las causas de los falle- cimientos y los sucesos relacionados con la salud de los navegantes. Se des- criben, asimismo, la organización sanitaria de la Armada y los profesionales embarcados, la dieta y la alimentación durante el viaje. Palabras clave: Primera vuelta al mundo. Medicina Renacentista. Ciru- janos y barberos. Escorbuto. Tratamiento de las heridas de guerra. Laburpena: Jarraian aurkezten dudan lanean, alderdi medikotik aztertuko dut lehen aldiz munduari bira eman zion espedizioa (lehenengo Fernando Magallaesen agindupean, hura hil arte, eta ondoren Juan Sebastian Elkanok gidatuta, Victoria itsasontziko kapitain gisa). Ikuspegi klinikotik begiratuta deskribatuko ditut nabigatzaileek jasandako gaixotasunak, haien heriotzen kausak eta osasunarekin erlazionatuta bizi izan zituzten gertakariak. Halaber, (*) Conferencia impartida en el Museo San Telmo el 4 de diciembre de 2018. [BOLETÍN DE LA R.S.B.A.P. LXXIV, 2018: 1-2, pp. 321-351] JAVIER ALMAZÁN armadaren eta itsasontzian zeuden profesionalen antolamendu sanitarioa ere azalduko dut, baita bidaian zehar izan zuten dieta eta elikadura ere. Gako-hitzak: Munduari bira lehen aldiz. Errenazimentuko medikuntza. Zirujauak eta bizarginak. Eskorbutoa. Gerrako zaurien tratamendua. Summary: This paper highlights the medical aspects of the expedition which led to the ﬁ rst circumnavigation of the globe under the leadership of Ferdinand Magellan and completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano as captain of the ship Victoria.
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Juan Sebastián Elcano ¿1476?–1526
JUAN SEBASTIÁN ELCANO ¿1476?–1526 Zalantzarik gabe euskaldun unibertsalena da. Bere bizitza, eta Malasian Victoria ontzian izandako heriotza ere egiaztapen horren adibide dira. Gipuzkoako Getarian jaio zen eta txikitatik itsas kulturan murgildurik bizi izan zen, arrantza zein merkataritza ontzietan nabigatzen. Geroxeago, arma gizon lez, Oran hiria bereganatu zuen Cisnerosen espedizioan pate hartu zuen, eta beranduago Gonzalo Fernandez de Kordobak Italian gidatutako operazioetan ere parte hartu zuen. 1519an, 30 urte eginak zituelarik Sibiliara (Sevilla) heldu zen, eta Asiako Indiatako lur aberatsetara heltzeko mendebaldetik ordezko ibilbidea bilatu nahiaz, Fernando Magallaes portugaldarra prestatzen ari zen espedizioan sartu zen. Ozeano Barea zeharkatu eta Colonek amaitu gabe utzi zuen proiektuari amaiera eman nahi zioten. Huelvako San Lucar de Barramedako portutik bost ontzi atera ziren: Trinidad, San Antonio, Santiago, Victoria eta Concepción ontziak, eta Elkano nabigazio maisu gisa itsasoratu zen. Itsas bidaia oso latza izan zen hasiera hasieratik, Atlantikoa Patagoniaraino zeharkatu zuten eta gaur egun Magallaes izenez ezagutzen den itsasartetik zailtasun handiz eta hainbat matxinada garaituz igaro ostean Ozeano Barean sartu ziren, Amerika atzean utziz. Hilabete batzuk geroago Filipinetara heldu ziren eta bertan Fernando Magallaes hil egin zen indigenen aurkako borrokan. Orduan Elkanok Victoria ontziaren agintea eskuratu zuen, eta hortik aurrera bere borondate irmoari eta itsas esperientziari esker espedizio osoko agintea ere eskuratuko zuen, India zeharkatzeko bidea eginez. Afrikako Esperantza Oneko Lurmuturra igaro zuen 1522ko maiatzaren 19an eta azkenik Sanlucarren sartu zen urte bereko irailaren 8an Atlantikoko itsas bideari jarraituz. Mundu osoari lehenbiziko bira egina zuten. Hasiera batean Carlos V. enperadoreak hainbat dohain, eta Munduko bola baten goialdean Primus Circuncidiste Me legendazko lema erabiltzeko eskubidea eman bazion ere, ez zuen inoiz bere ekintza gogoangarriengatik lortutako pentsioa eskuratu.
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Thinking Spatially Using
Introduction About the lessons Thinking Spatially Using GIS is a book of computer activities, data, and resources that can help introduce students at young ages to mapping concepts, GIS, geography, and other relevant topics. Because the lessons cover topics that you are already teaching in social studies, geography, history, life science, and earth science, we think you’ll find it to be a valuable supplement to your cur- rent textbook or curriculum. We’ve designed these lessons to help your students get excited about exploring the world around them while stepping into the world of contemporary computing and the smart maps of geographic information systems. The book comes with a copy of ArcExplorer Java Edition for Education (AEJEE) GIS software. Students will use this software to work through the lessons. This means that your students will be learning to use GIS tools that are similar to those being used by professionals around the world. And they will be using tools that they are increasingly likely to encounter in the future, whether it is in middle or high school, college or technical school, or as a citizen on the Internet. Where to begin Before you start using the book in class, we recommend that you do the following: 1. Finish reading this section and skim through this book and the student workbook to locate teacher and student materials. 2. Install the teacher resources, AEJEE software, and lesson data on your computer. (Besides being there for your own use, this can serve as a backup of the lesson data and teacher resources in case the disk is misplaced.) 3.
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British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819
BRITISH STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN THE STRAITS OF MALACCA 1786-1819 Samuel Wee Tien Wang B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1991 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History O Samuel Wee Tien Wang 1992 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY December 1992 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL NAME: Samuel Wee DEGREE: TITLE OF THESIS: British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca, 1786-1819 EXAMINING COMMITTEE: CHAIR: J. I. Little ~dhardIngram, Professor Ian Dyck, Associate ~hfessor Chdrles Fedorak - (Examiner) DATE: 15 December 1992 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE 1 hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay British Strategic Interests in the Straits of Malacca Author: (signature) Samuel Wee (name) (date) ABSTRACT It has almost become a common-place assumption that the 1819 founding of Singapore at the southern tip of the strategically located Straits of Malacca represented for the English East India Company a desire to strengthen trade with China; that it was part of an optimistic and confident swing to the east which had as its goal, the lucrative tea trade.
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Christopher Columbus Was Not the Only Explorer to Sail for Spain
October 01, 2018 Spanish Explorers Christopher Columbus was not the only explorer to sail for Spain. Some of the most famous explorers are Juan Ponce de León, Ferdinand Magellan, Hernando Cortés, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, and Hernando de Soto. Each one of these explorers played and important role in the colonizing and exploration of the Americas. October 01, 2018 Spanish Exploration One of the most influential countries during the age of exploration would be the Spanish. Spain with the help of Christopher Columbus was the first country to reach the Americas. Exploration to Spain was not to find treasures or claim land, those would be nice to have, but it's original goal was to spread their religion. Upon Columbus' return Spain turned it's focus to claiming land and finding riches. NOTES: *Spain was the 1st country to sail west to find Asia *Reason for Exploring: ~Spreading religion ~Claiming Land ~Finding Riches October 01, 2018 Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus was the first Spanish explorer to reach the Americas, in 1492. He landed on an island and named it San Salvador and claimed the land for Spain. He believed that he had reached India so he called the native people Indians. Columbus finding a "new world" is extremely important his biggest impact might have been the excitement he stirred in other countries to explore. Columbus made 3 more voyages to the "new world" after his first. NOTES: *1st Voyage in 1492 *Claimed San Salvador for Spain *1st explorer to sail west Ferdinand Magellan Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who set sail in 1519.
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Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan • Spanish explorer • Found a strait- sea passage Tip of South America Strait of Magellan “3 G’s” of Exploration • God- spread Christianity, specifically Catholicism • Gold- economic purposes, trade goods ex. Spice Islands, luxury items- silk • Glory- be the 1 st to discover new places & new economic markets Technologies • Portolani- charts that showed coastlines and distance between ports not the most useful on overseas trips • Cartography- mapmaking • Compass- which direction ship was headed • Astrolabe- used sun or star to find latitude • Lateen Sails- triangular sails Henry the Navigator • Portuguese prince • Funded Portuguese explorations to Africa • Knew exploration would be profitable School of Navigation • Created by Prince Henry • Studied winds, stars, currents, ships, and new lands • Hired only the best workers Bartholomeu Dias • Portuguese explorer •1st to round the southern tip of Africa- 1488 Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama • Portuguese explorer • 1st to cut across Indian Ocean • Helped Portugal with Colonization overseas What do you remember about Christopher Columbus? Christopher Columbus • Italian explorer • Funded by Queen Isabella • Felt the earth was smaller than it is Discoveries • Left Spain August 3, 1492 • October 12, 1492 – reached the Americas • Named the land San Salvador – meaning Holy Savior • Explored other areas and found little gold • Made 3 other trips Author Samuel Morison, 1942 “The whole history of the Americas stems from the voyages of Columbus. Today a core of independent nations unite in homage to Christopher, the stout-hearted son of Genoa, who carried Christian civilization across the Ocean sea.” David E. Stannard, 1992 “Just 21 years after Columbus’s first landing in the Caribbean, the vastly populous island that the explorer had re-named Hispaniola was effectively desolate; nearly 8,000,000 people had been killed by violence, disease, and despair.
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Where in the World... Was Ferdinand Magellan? by Stephanie Allen
Where in the world... was Ferdinand Magellan? by Stephanie Allen erdinand de Magellan was 22 years old Although Magellan had renounced his Por- when Columbus sailed across the Atlantic tuguese nationality, many of his Spanish crew Ocean. The exploration of the Americas still did not trust him, especially some of the must have had some impact on the young man. ships’ captains. Some of the men were already FLater in life, he would pick up where Columbus disappointed that the Rio de la Plata proved un- had failed, in search of a western passage to the successful. Three of the captains attempted a Spice Islands. mutiny. Because so many of the sailors respect- The spice trade could produce great wealth ed Magellan, the mutiny failed. Magellan could for the Spanish Empire. The Portuguese already have ordered the death of all the mutinous men, controlled the shortest trade route around Africa, but instead left some of them on the uninhabited so the Spanish would need to find another way coast as he sailed on to find Asia. to the East Indies. (Although Magellan was Por- Magellan hoped to resume sailing in August. tuguese, he sailed under the Spanish crown.) One ship he had sent on a scouting expedition Magellan believed he could find a western was wrecked in a storm, so he decided to wait a passage through the Americas to get to Asia. few weeks longer for better weather. Should he succeed, it would mean great riches On 1 November 1520, the fleet finally found for all involved. Astronomer Ruy Faleiro would the passage it had been seeking.
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Philippine History and Government
Remembering our Past 1521 – 1946 By: Jommel P. Tactaquin Head, Research and Documentation Section Veterans Memorial and Historical Division Philippine Veterans Affairs Office The Philippine Historic Past The Philippines, because of its geographical location, became embroiled in what historians refer to as a search for new lands to expand European empires – thinly disguised as the search for exotic spices. In the early 1400’s, Portugese explorers discovered the abundance of many different resources in these “new lands” heretofore unknown to early European geographers and explorers. The Portugese are quickly followed by the Dutch, Spaniards, and the British, looking to establish colonies in the East Indies. The Philippines was discovered in 1521 by Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and colonized by Spain from 1565 to 1898. Following the Spanish – American War, it became a territory of the United States. On July 4, 1946, the United States formally recognized Philippine independence which was declared by Filipino revolutionaries from Spain. The Philippine Historic Past Although not the first to set foot on Philippine soil, the first well document arrival of Europeans in the archipelago was the Spanish expedition led by Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan, which first sighted the mountains of Samara. At Masao, Butuan, (now in Augustan del Norte), he solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking the sea and claimed possession of the islands he had seen for Spain. Magellan befriended Raja Humabon, the chieftain of Sugbu (present day Cebu), and converted him to Catholicism. After getting involved in tribal rivalries, Magellan, with 48 of his men and 1,000 native warriors, invaded Mactan Island.
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The Age of Exploration
The Age of Exploration Timeline Cards Chapter 5, Card 11 Tyler Pack Subject Matter Expert Chapter 5, Card 12 Avi Katz J. Chris Arndt, PhD, Department of History, James Madison University Chapter 5, Card 13 James Johnson Chapter 6, Card 14 Map tracing Magellan’s world voyage, once owned by Charles V, 1545 (vellum) by Battista Illustration and Photo Credits Agnese (1514–64)/John Carter Brown Library, Brown University, RI, USA/Bridgeman Images Chapter 6, Card 14 Ferdinand Magellan (1480–1521)/Pictures from History/Bridgeman Images Title Age Fotostock/SuperStock Chapter 7, Card 15 Angela Padron Chapter 1, Card 1 Martin Hargreaves Chapter 7, Card 16 Marti Major Chapter 1, Card 2 Album/Oronoz/Superstock Chapter 7, Card 17 Daniel Hughes Chapter 1, Card 2 “Portrait of Marco Polo (1254–1324), by Dolfino / Biblioteca Nazionale, Turin, Italy / Chapter 7, Card 18 Bryan Beus Bridgeman Images” Chapter 8, Card 19 Erika Baird Chapter 3, Card 3 DeAgostini / SuperStock Chapter 8, Card 20 “Lifting of the Siege of Pondicherry, 1748, engraved 1789 after work by Antoine Louis Chapter 3, Card 4 Vasco da Gama lands at Kozhikode (Calicut, India), May 20, 1498/Pictures from History/ Francois Sergent-Marceau (1751–1847) / Private Collection / The Stapleton Collection / Bridgeman Images Bridgeman Images” Chapter 3, Card 5 Christian Goupi/age fotostock/SuperStock Chapter 9, Card 21 Japan: Dejima Island, with Dutch flag flying. Chromolithograph of a painting by Johan Chapter 4 , Card 7 Dustin Mackay Maurits (1807–1874)./Pictures from History/Bridgeman Images Chapter 4, Card 8 Signing of Treaty of Tordesillas between Spain and Portugal, June 7, 1494/De Agostini Chapter 9, Card 22 Scott Hammond Picture Library/G.
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BATTLE of MACTAN Danilo Madrid Gerona, Ph.D
BATTLE OF MACTAN Danilo Madrid Gerona, Ph.D. Foreword Especially written by Dr. Gerona for Sulu Garden’s BATTLE OF MACTAN PROJECT, this article describes this dramatic event from actual accounts of Ferdinand Magellan’s chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, and other historians long after the conflict. Dr. Gerona is a faculty member in the Graduate School of Universidad de Isabel in Naga City and a research associate of the University of San Carlos Press in Cebu. He is the only non-Spanish member of Sevilla 2019- 2022, which coordinates the global celebration of the 5th Centenary of Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the World. In 2016, Dr. Gerona published his epic book, Ferdinand Magellan. The Armada de Maluco and the European Discovery of the Philippines, based on primary sources from years of research in Spain. The Diorama of the Battle of Mactan is a project to illustrate the real events of the battle between the forces of Magellan and Lapulapu on April 27, 1521. Both antagonists in this 16th century drama has been long misunderstood by our fellow countrymen because of long standing biases, sometimes disinterest in historical narratives and mostly from lack of true, historically accurate books on this subject. Why create a diorama? The battlefield in Mactan is a diverse battlefield with so many players. There were Magellan’s men, the Cebuano Rajahs Humabon and Sula, Rajah Lapulapu and his allies. The battlefield extended from the deep water edge of the almost 2 km coral reef fronting the Island of Mactan itself. There were over 2,500+ warriors of both sides, Magellan’s Conquistadores, three Spanish ships known as caravels, 30 balanghai ships, assorted smaller boats and the complicated terrain of Mactan.
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Ferdinand Magellan: Main Idea and Supporting Detail Sentences Name: ______
Ferdinand Magellan: Main Idea and Supporting Detail Sentences Name: _________________________ Below are three headings at the beginnings of paragraphs. Below the chart are the associated supporting detail sentences. Which sentences would appear under which heading? Use the numbers before the sentences so you don’t have to write the entire sentence. Order matters! The Voyage Begins Trouble in the Pacific Return Trip 1. As the expedition passed through the straits, it entered the vast Pacific Ocean. 2. Only two of Magellan’s original ships and 47 men remained; they still had thousands of miles to sail before reaching Spain. 3. On September 20, 1519, Magellan and 237 crew members set sail on five ships from Sanlucar de Barrameda in the hopes of finding a shortcut to the Spice Islands. 4. On March 6, the ships finally reached land—the Pacific island of Guam 5. Things got worse before they got better: the crew suffered from extreme hunger and was forced to survive by eating rats, sawdust, leather, and even maggots while floating endlessly in the Pacific Ocean. 6. Finally, on September 8, 1522, the Victoria made it back to Spain with only 18 men surviving, hence completing the first circumnavigation of the world. 7. After the death of Magellan, Juan Sebastian del Cano took control of the ship and endeavored to return home to Spain. 8. After three long months of sailing the Atlantic, Magellan and his crew anchored near Rio de Janeiro in the present-day South American nation of Brazil. 9. In October of 1520, Magellan and his crew crossed the treacherous straits at the tip of South America, which became known as the Straits of Magellan.
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