DOCSLIB.ORG

Static and Dynamic Analysis of the Flow of Bulk Materials Through Silos Yong Hong Wu University of Wollongong

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Static and Dynamic Analysis of the Flow of Bulk Materials Through Silos Yong Hong Wu University of Wollongong University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1990 Static and dynamic analysis of the flow of bulk materials through silos Yong Hong Wu University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Wu, Yong Hong, Static and dynamic analysis of the flow of bulk materials through silos, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, 1990. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1271 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSES OF THE FLOW OF BULK MATERIALS THROUGH SILOS A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from THE UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by 1 UNIVERSITY OF I WOLLONGONG | LIBRARY YONG HONG WU, B.E.(Hons), M.E.(Hons) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEERING February, 1990 -ii- DECLARATION This is to certify that the work presented in this thesis was carried out by the author in the Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, The University of Wollongong, and has not been submitted to any other university or institute for a degree except where specifically indicated. Yong Hong Wu -iii- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was conducted in the Department of Civil and Mining Engineering, The University of Wollongong. The author is indebted to his supervisor Professor L.C. Schmidt, Head of the Department, for the close supervision, fruitful discussions, invaluable suggestions, generous help and the beneficial training throughout the course of this thesis. The author is very grateful to The University of Wollongong for providing him a University of Wollongong Scholarship for his PhD study. The help and assistance provided by Professor R.W. Upfold and the staff of the Wollongong University Computer Center in using computer facilities is gratefully Acknowledged. Acknowledgement is also made to all the staff of the department, in particular to Mrs. J. Thompson, Dr. N.I. Aziz, Dr. V.U. Nguyen, and Mr. A. Grant. Acknowledgement is also given to Dr. A.G. McLean for his help. The author also wishes to express his thanks to all his colleagues and friends, in particular to Ms J.P. Lu and Mr. J.K.L.Hii, for their encouragement and help. Finally, special acknowledgement is made to his wife Hui Wang for her encouragement and all sort of help during the period of this study. -iv- ABSTRACT Storing and handling of bulk materials are essential aspects of grain, chemical and mining operations. Problems that commonly occur in silo operation mainly include flow blockages and structural failure of silos, which reduce the silo capacity and cause high maintenance cost. In most cases the problems occur principally due to inadequate design analysis together with a lack of knowledge of dynamic behaviour of the bulk material - containment structure system during the discharge of materials from silos. This thesis focusses on the simulation of the filling and the discharge process of bulk materials in silos. Emphasis has been placed on the development of the numerical methods for the prediction of bulk material pressures on silo walls and the internal stresses in silo shells under both static and dynamic conditions. The motion of bulk materials flowing through silos is modelled as the motion of a no-tension, viscous, elastic-plastic material. As large deformation occurs during discharge of the material, geometry nonlinearity is considered in the analysis. A finite element method formulated in terms of velocity as the primary variable is developed for the simulation of the flow of bulk materials and the structural response of the silo shell. The behaviour of the flowing bulk material is coupled with the behaviour of the containment structure by the contact condition of the bulk material and the silo wall. A computer program has been developed for the analysis. -V - Experiments have been carried out to verify the numerical model. An automatic monitoring system has been developed for the measurement of the pressure on silo walls. The data processing method based on a power spectrum analysis is employed to separate the random noise from the original signals. The experimental results have shown that the developed numerical models can predict the bulk material pressures on silo walls in a satisfactory manner. The method of analysis has been applied to simulate the discharge of bulk material from silos. Distribution of wall pressures and internal stresses in silo shells have been computed and presented in the thesis. -vi- TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE - i - DECLARATION - ii - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -iii - ABSTRACT -iv - TABLE OF CONTENTS -vi- LIST OF FIGURES -xii- NOTATION -xvi- LIST OF PUBLICATION DURING PhD STUDY -xxiii- Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Objective 1-1 1.2 Scope 1-2 1.3 Outline of the Thesis 1-3 Chapter Two Review of Past Work 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 Pressures on Silo Walls 2-1 2.2.1 Analytical studies 2-2 2.2.2 Experimental studies 2-8 2.2.3 Numerical studies 2-10 2.3 Discharge Rate 2-13 2.3.1 Empirical equations 2-13 2.3.2 Theoretical analysis 2-13 - vii- 2.3.3 Numerical method 2-16 2.4 Structural Stability 2-17 2.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks 2-18 Chapter Three Fundamental Equations For the Motion of Bulk Material-Silo System 3.1 General 3-1 3.2 Stress Equilibrium Equations of Motion 3-1 3.3 Kinematic Equations 3-2 3.4 Conservation of Mass 3-3 3.5 Contact Conditions , 3-3 3.6 System Boundary Conditions 3-5 3.7 Constitutive Models 3-6 3.7.1 A viscous, elastic-plastic constitutive law 3-6 3.7.1-1 General form of the law 3-6 3.7.1-2 General form of the elastic-plastic matrix H 3-8 3.7.1 -3 A few specified forms of the elastic-plastic matrix 3-14 3.7.2 Elastic-plastic constitutive laws 3-21 3.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks 3-22 Chapter Four Boundary Element Method for the Prediction of Filling Pressures 4.1 General 4-1 4.2 Mathematical Description of the Problem 4-3 4.3 Boundary Integral Equation 4-6 4.4 Boundary Element Discretization 4-7 4.5 Evaluation of Boundary Coefficients 4-10 4.6 Solution Procedure and Computer Program 4-11 -VU1 4.7 Examples 4- 4.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks 4-21 Chapter Five Simulation of the Flow of Bulk Materials through Rigid-Walled Silos 5.1 General 5-1 5.2 Virtual Work Equations 5-2 5.3 Finite Element Discretization in Space 5-3 5.4 Discretization in Time 5-4 5.5 Element Characteristics 5-6 5.5.1 Velocity 5-8 5.5.2 Strain rate 5-9 5.5.2-1 Plane strain condition 5-9 5.5.2-2 Axisymmetric condition 5-10 5.5.3 Stress rate 5-11 5.5.4 Transformation of coordinates 5-14 5.5.5 Numerical integration and evaluation of element matrices... 5-18 5.6 Procedure of Solution 5-22 5.7 Example 5-25 5.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks 5-31 Chapter Six Finite Element Simulation of the Flow of Bulk Materials through Flexible Silos 6.1 General 6-1 6.2 Finite Element Formulae for the Motion of Bulk Materials 6-2 6.3 Finite Element Formulae for the Motion of Silo Structures 6-3 6.4 Coupling of the Bulk Granular Material and the Structure 6-4 6.5 Procedure of Solution 6-7 -ix- 6.6 Example 6-8 6.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks 6-16 Chapter Seven Experimental Analysis of Flow Mechanisms and Pressure Distributions 7.1 General 7-1 7.2 Experimental Program 7-2 7.2.1 The model silos 7-2 7.2.2 The bulk material 7-2 7.2.3 Experiment procedures 7-4 7.3 Data Acquisition and Control System 7-4 7.4 Signal Processing Technique 7-6 7.4.1 Power spectrum analysis 7-7 7.4.2 Design of digital filter 7-9 7.4.3 Suitability evaluation of filter parameter 7-11 7.5 Distribution of Pressures 7-12 7.5.1 Pressures on the flat-bottomed silo (Model 1) 7-12 7.5.2 Pressures on the silo-hopper combination (Model 2) 7-15 7.5.3 Pressures on the silo-hopper combination (Model 3) 7-15 7.6 Flow Patterns and Flow Mechanisms 7-20 7.6.1 Flow behaviour in the flat-bottomed silo (Model 1) 7-20 7.6.2 Flow behaviour in the silo-hopper combination (Model 2).. 7-23 7.6.3 Flow behaviour in the silo-hopper combination (Model 3).. 7-25 7.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks 7-27 Chapter Eight Comparison of Numerical Prediction With Experimental Results and Other Predictions 8.1 General 8-1 -X- 8.2 Comparison of Pressures in a Silo-hopper Combination 8-2 8.2.1 Filling pressures 8-3 8.2.2 Discharge pressures 8-4 8.3 Comparison of Pressures in a Hopper 8-5 8.3.1 Filling pressures 8-6 8.3.2 Discharge pressures 8-7 8.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks 8-8 Chapter Nine Parametric Study for Silo Design 9.1 General 9-1 9.2 Effect of Varying Hopper Half Angle 9-2 9.3 Effect of Wall Friction Coefficient 9-7 9.4 Effect of Wall Flexibility on the Distribution of Wall Pressures 9-11 9.5 Effect of Using Different Constitutive Laws 9-13 9.5.1 pressures in a rigid-walled silo 9-14 9.5.2 Pressures in a silo with flexible wall 9-14 9.5.3 Concluding remarks 9-15 9.6 Prediction of Dynamic Pressures Exerted by Broken Ore in Underground Storage Structures 9-17 9.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks 9-23 Chapter Ten Conclusions 10.1 Methodology for the Prediction of Bulk Material Pressures and Internal Stresses in the Walls of Silos 10-1 10.2 Distributions of Pressures in Silo Walls 10-2 10.3 Structural Response of Silo Shells 10-4 10.4 Flow Mechanism of Bulk Materials from Hopper-Bin Combinations 10-5 -xi - 10.5 Parameters Affecting the Pressures and the Internal Stresses in Silo Walls 10-5 10.6 Recommendations for Future Work 10-6 References -xii- LIST OF FIGURES Figure No.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Silo Buster Forage Mixture Silo Buster Is a Forage Mixture Comprised of 50% Climbing Forage Peas, 25% Spring Triticale and 25% Forage Barley
    Silo Buster Forage Mixture Silo Buster is a forage mixture comprised of 50% Climbing Forage Peas, 25% Spring Triticale and 25% Forage Barley. Preparation Prepare a smooth seed bed to ease accurate seeding. Avoid surface trash unless proper no till seeding is used with appropriate equipment and an experienced operator. Planting Sow 2-2 ½ units per acre, ½ - 1” depth. Do not seed deeper than 1’ and sow as early as possible in the spring. The later part of April is ideal. Underseed with your normal hay or grass mix at the usual rate. For the proper amount of seed per acre start by setting the drill as if you were planting 120 lbs. of wheat. Feed quality and yield will suffer if less than 100 lbs./acre are planted. Fertilizer requirements are approximately 60 lbs. N, 30 lbs. P, and 60 lbs. K in the absence of a soil test. Silo Buster really comes into its own when its values as a nurse crop are examined. After quick emergence, Silo Buster develops more slowly than most nurse crops, allowing the underseeding to develop strong vigorous seedlings. When harvest is about three weeks away, Silo Buster grows very rapidly resulting in lots of high quality feed (approximately 7-9 ½ tonnes wet weight per acre). The peas in the mixture provide large amounts of nitrogen through heavy nodulation, if sufficient climbing pea inoculant is mixed with the seed. Harvest Harvest 55-70 days (depending on your area) from seeding but weather can accelerate or delay harvest. Remember the calendar is only a guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Experiment in Concrete; a Pioneer Venture in Grain Storage
    TUBULAR concrete grain elevator built in Minneapolis, 1899 EXPERIMENT in CONCRETE A Pioneer Venture in GRAIN STORAGE RUTH J. HEFFELFINGER UPON LEAVING Minneapohs via Lake though it now seems to have no purpose Street and proceeding along Highway No. other than to advertise the lumber sold near 7 in the direction of Excelsior, one passes a by. Certainly no one would associate it with large white structure on the left just west of the pretentious structure across the bridge, the bridge that spans the Belt Line. It is yet if it had not been for that single tube composed of a triple row of monoliths as of concrete, terminal grain elevators might classically symmetrical in outline as the col­ be built in a different, and perhaps less eflB­ umns of a Greek temple, although not as cient, way today. For apparently this was decorative. The Minneapolis structure is a the first tubular grain elevator of sohd con­ terminal elevator designed for the storage crete in the world. Although it was never of grain, and, like most modern terminal ele­ put to use, it was built as an experiment to vators, it is built of concrete. On the east side find out if it was practical to store grain in a of the bridge stands a single monolith with concrete bin of this shape. the words "Lumber Stores" running the Early in 1899, Frank H. Peavey and length of the tube. It looks as though it might Charles F. Haglin talked over the possibility once have been the chimney of a factory, of storing grain in bins constructed of mate­ rial other than wood.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silo and Silage
    5000. Bulletin No. 6. June, 1901. OREGON AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STI'I! CORVALLIS, OREGON. THE SILO AND SILAGE. J. WITHYCOMBE. The Bulletins of this Station are sent Free to all ResIdents of Oregon who request them. Oregon Agricultural College Printing Office. Gro. B. ICEADY, Printer. 1901. Board of Aegeots of the Uregiiio AgriciituraI College aod [x[IerieI1t Sta[iffll1 Hon. J. T. Apperson, President Oregon City, Oregon. Hon. John D. Daly, Secretary Corvallis, Oregon. Hon. B. F. Irvine, Treasurer Corvallis, Oregon. Hon. T. T. Geer, Governor Salem, Oregon. Hon. F. I. Dunbar, Secretary of State Salem, Oregon. Hon. J. H. Ackerman, State Supt. of Pub. Instruction, Salem, Oregon. Hon. B. G. Leedy, iWaster of Slate Grange Tigardville, Oregon. Hon. W. P. Keady Portland, Oregon. Hon. Benton Kuhn Portland, Oregon. Hon. Jonas M. Church La Grande, Oregon. Hon. J. K. Weatherford Albany, Oregon. Hon. William B. Yates Corvallis, Oregon. Hon. J. T. Olwell Central Point, Oregon. OFFICERS OF THE STATION. STATION COIJNCIL. I'hos. M. Gatc.ti, A. M., Ph. D Presid.ent and Director. James Withycombe, M. Agr. Vice-Director and Agriculturist, A. t,. Knisely, M. S. Chemist, A. B. Cordley, M. S Enlomologist. E. R. Lake, M, S Ho-rilculturist and Botanist. F. Pernot '. Bacteriology. Other Member's of Staff'. George Coote Florist. L. Kent, B.S - Dairying. J. Fulton, M. S Chemistry. C. M. MeKellips. Ph. C Chemistry. FE. Edwards, B. M. E. -- -. - Chemistry. he o anc iage. The growing tendency among our agridulturists to give more at- tention to dairying, brings frequent appeals for information relative to the construction of the silo; suitable crops to be grown for silage and methods of handling the same.Hence this bulletin is prepared more with the view of supplying this want of practical information as to the silo and silage, and less with the purpose of submitting at this time technical conclusions from the limited data at hand.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tale of Three Scales
    SUSTAINABILITY: A Tale of Three Scales Kyle Balster University of Minnesota I-UROP Scholarship Table of contents Climate Analysis . Nordhavn . Copenhagen International School . The Silo . Drawing Conclusions . References . 3 . 7 . 17 . 27 . 35 . 43 Introduction Sustainability. Sustainability is a very broad area of design, and residential design. Within each of these focus as it is cultivated by many different definitions and three scopes, I will distill my research into the unique is described as consisting of many different elements. set of six distinguishing factors of sustainability: Two major descriptions of sustainability were created in environmental performance, aesthetics, social attempt to sharpen these definitions. The first, created acceptability, functionality, economic viability, and by Vitruvius, an Italian architect during the later first durability. This allows me to keep a specific and century B.C., states that sustainability can be broken unified approach when looking at each scale, and to down into three categories: Utilitas, Firmitas, Venustas. make comparisons between each scale. Translated, a sustainable building can be described as being aesthetically pleasing, functional, and durable. Environmental Performance The second major description also breaks sustainability into three pillars: environmental performance, social Aesthetics Functionality acceptability, and economic viability. Both forms state that it takes all three of these categories in Optimal Sustainability unison to create a sustainable building, and
    [Show full text]
  • Stress Transmission in Systems of Faceted Particles in a Silo: the Roles of filling Rate and Particle Aspect Ratio
    Granular Matter (2014) 16:411–420 DOI 10.1007/s10035-014-0509-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Stress transmission in systems of faceted particles in a silo: the roles of filling rate and particle aspect ratio M. Acevedo · I. Zuriguel · D. Maza · I. Pagonabarraga · F. Alonso-Marroquin · R. C. Hidalgo Received: 11 December 2013 / Published online: 29 May 2014 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract We present experimental and numerical results Keywords Stress · Silo · Faceted particles · Polyhedral for particle alignment and stress distribution in packings of particles · Janssen · Filling method faceted particles deposited in a small-scale bi-dimensional silo. First, we experimentally characterize the deposits’ mor- phology in terms of the particles’ aspect ratio and feeding 1 Introduction rate. Then we use the experimental results to validate our discrete element method (DEM) based on spheropolygons. In the last decade there has been an increasing interest in After achieving excellent agreement, we use contact forces exploring how particle shape affects stress transmission in and fabric provided by the simulations to calculate the coarse- two classical granular systems: sandpiles [1–5] and silos. For grained stress tensor. For low feeding rates, square particles this latter case, previous works have paid attention to both display a strong tendency to align downwards, i.e., with a charge [6,7] and discharge processes [8–11]. Moreover, some diagonal parallel to gravity. This morphology leads to stress authors have attempted to investigate the special behavior of transmission towards the walls, implying a quick develop- particles with flat faces, which are widely found in geomate- ment of pressure saturation, in agreement with the Janssen rials and food processing, and their understanding becomes effect.
    [Show full text]
  • Dust Explosion Incidents: Their Causes, Effects and Prevention
    ISSA Prevention Series No. 2051 (E) suva Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund PO Box 4358 6002 Lucerne Switzerland 2005 ISBN 92-843-1169-1 ISSN 1015-8022 THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY ASSOCIATION (ISSA) has more than 350 members (government authorities and public institutions) in more than 150 countries, half of whom are concerned with occupational safety. The headquarters of the ISSA is at the International Labour Organization in Geneva. Its main objective is the promotion and improvement of SOCIAL SECURITY in all parts of the world. To intensify work safety in plants in the chemical industry, including the plastics, explosives, mineral oil, and rubber industries, the INTERNATIONAL SECTION OF THE ISSA ON THE PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL RISKS AND DISEASES IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY was set up in 1970. lt has its chair and secretariat at the Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen lndustrie (Professional Association of the Chemical Industry), 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. To improve occupational safety and health in industrial plants, the INTERNATIONAL SECTION OF THE ISSA FOR MACHINE AND SYSTEM SAFETY was established in 1975. lt handles matters relating to the safety of machinery, plant, and systems. lt has its chair and secretariat at the Berufsgenossenschaft Nahrungsmittel und Gaststatten, 68165 Mannheim, Germany. 2005 IS BN 92-843-7169-4 ISSN 1015-8022 Dust Explosion Incidents Dust Explosion Incidents: Their Causes, Effects and Prevention Compendium for industrial practice ( Publisher ) International Section on the Prevention of Occupational Risks and Diseases in the Chemical Industry of the International Social Security Association (ISSA) Kurfursten Anlage 62 (BG-Chemie-Haus) 69115 Heidelberg Germany 3 Preface The International Social Security Association (ISSA) has set itself the task of using professionally orientated sections to publicize by means of information exchange, publications, and colloquia the risks such as industrial accidents and occupational diseases recognized in the field of social security, and to offer suggestions for their reduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Handling of Solids – Transport and Storage - H.J
    CHEMICAL ENGINEEERING AND CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY – Vol. II -Handling of Solids – Transport and Storage - H.J. Feise HANDLING OF SOLIDS – TRANSPORT AND STORAGE H.J. Feise Process Engineering, BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany Keywords: Powder, Particle technology, Bulk solids handling, Silo, Caking, Pneumatic conveying, Screw conveyor. Contents 1. Introduction 2. History 3. Characterization of Bulk Solids 3.1. Particle Properties 3.2 Bulk Solids Properties 3.2.1 Bulk Density – Bulk Solid Density 3.2.2. Angle of Repose 3.2.3. Fluidization Properties 3.2.4. Wall Friction 3.2.5. Flow Properties 3.2.6. Lateral Stress Ratio 4. Storage of Bulk Solids 4.1. Design of Silos for Flow 4.1.1. Flow Patterns 4.1.2. Flow Problems 4.1.3. Hopper Design 4.1.4 Silo Shapes 4.1.5 Outlet Design 4.2. Design of Silos for Strength 4.2.1. Stress Distribution 4.2.2 Janssen Equation 4.2.3 Design Standards 4.3 Caking of Bulk Solids 4.3.1 The Significance of Time Consolidation 4.3.2 UNESCOCaking Mechanisms – EOLSS 4.3.3 Formation of Solid Bridges 4.3.4 Solutions to Caking Problems 5. Transport 5.1 Modes ofSAMPLE Transport CHAPTERS 5.2 Pneumatic Conveying 5.2.1 State Diagram of Pneumatic Conveying 5.2.2. Basic Components of a Pneumatic Conveying System 5.3. Screw Feeders and Screw Conveyors 5.3.1. Screw Conveyors 5.3.2. Screw Feeder 5.3.3. Screw Conveyer Feed Rate 5.3.4. Screw Casing Acknowledgements ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) CHEMICAL ENGINEEERING AND CHEMICAL PROCESS TECHNOLOGY – Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture: a Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition
    Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition Updated June 16, 2005 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov 97-905 Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition Summary The complexities of federal farm and food programs have generated a unique vocabulary. Common understanding of these terms (new and old) is important to those involved in policymaking in this area. For this reason, the House Agriculture Committee requested that CRS prepare a glossary of agriculture and related terms (e.g., food programs, conservation, forestry, environmental protection, etc.). Besides defining terms and phrases with specialized meanings for agriculture, the glossary also identifies acronyms, abbreviations, agencies, programs, and laws related to agriculture that are of particular interest to the staff and Members of Congress. CRS is releasing it for general congressional use with the permission of the Committee. The approximately 2,500 entries in this glossary were selected in large part on the basis of Committee instructions and the informed judgment of numerous CRS experts. Time and resource constraints influenced how much and what was included. Many of the glossary explanations have been drawn from other published sources, including previous CRS glossaries, those published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and other federal agencies, and glossaries contained in the publications of various organizations, universities, and authors. In collecting these definitions, the compilers discovered that many terms have diverse specialized meanings in different professional settings. In this glossary, the definitions or explanations have been written to reflect their relevance to agriculture and recent changes in farm and food policies.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Combustible Dust Incident Report
    FREE DOWNLOADa 2017 Combustible Dust Incident Report COPYRIGHT © 2018 | MYDUSTEXPLOSIONRESEARCH.COM | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Report Summary Purpose: The goal of this report is to increase awareness of combustible dust hazards and encourage adoption of prevention and protection practices. Recorded Incidents: Combustible Dust Incidents* Related Incidents NORTH AMERICA INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL GLOBAL Fires 132 37 169 35 Explosions 32 36 68 41 Injuries 61 102 163 441 Fatalities 6 7 13 342 *An efort was made to identify incidents where industrial powder was not the main fuel and move these to “Related Incidents”. When combustible dust could not be ruled out, the incident was left as a “Combustible Dust Incident” (CDI) and included in the analysis given herein. Note on Methods: This report was compiled using the News feature of Google search and keywords such as “Dust Explosion” and “Combustible Dust”. Note on Completeness: Due to reliance on third-party news agencies, incomplete articles, and Google search, the author makes no warranties or guarantees on the accuracy or completeness of information given in this document. Thank You to our Sponsors: This incident reporting is made possible through the support of our paid sponsors. See a list of all sponsors on Page 17. “For a long time, people were saying that most accidents were due to human error and this is true in a sense but it’s not very helpful. It’s a bit like saying that falls are due to gravity” - Dr. Trevor Kletz 2017 COMBUSTIBLE DUST INCIDENT REPORT 1 North America Review Recorded Incidents:
    [Show full text]
  • Repurposing a Grain Silo Elevator in Seymour, Indiana: an Opportunity for New Life a Creative Project Submitted to the Graduate
    REPURPOSING A GRAIN SILO ELEVATOR IN SEYMOUR, INDIANA: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR NEW LIFE A CREATIVE PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING BY CALEB ERNEST LOHREN DEEG – ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF URBAN PLANNING AND ADVISOR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA July 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The compilation of academic attainment guided me to this final moment of recognition for my passion of Urban Planning and Development. From the beginning of my pursuit for an Urban Planning education, my passion for helping others through rationally detecting, analyzing and providing solutions for communities and cities retained its importance in the present and with positive reinforcement for my future experiences. First and foremost, I would like to thank my committee chair Professor Lohren Deeg for all of his readily available support and insight aiding my vision and creative project. I would also like to thank my family for their love and always supporting me with my academic adventures. Specifically, I would like to thank my father for his inspiration and original question that sparked the creative idea resulting in the evolution of my creative project. Lastly, I would like to thank the entire faculty, staff, peers, and fellow students from the College of Architecture and Planning and Ball State University. I would also like to thank everyone who contributed to this creative project’s completion. Finally, thank you especially to my friends for providing five years
    [Show full text]
  • (1985) Agronomic Terminology: Do Our Students Comprehend?
    Agronomic1 terminology: Do our students comprehend? William~ A. Anderson ABSTRACT Table 1. Completelist of vocabularywords discussed in laboratory exercise devoted to agronomicterminology. A laboratoryexercise devotedto the instruction of Kindsof crops Storagestructures Forageterms commonagronomic vocabulary was incorporated into Rowcrop Bin Swath an introductorycrops course to reduce communication Drilled crop Silo Windrow problems,especially with urbanstudents. Terminology Foragecrop Elevator Curing Grain crop Ditch hay pretests showthat someminor differences wereappar- Feed(coarse) grain Climatic terms Pasture ent in the level of comprehensionof agronomicterms, Foodgrain Oceanicclimate Hay meadow but moreimportantly, pretests showedthat all students, Smallgrain Arid climate Nativeprairie Winterhardy regardlessof backgroundexperiences, were ill-equipped Conservationcrop Range Bumpercrop Cropand seed descriptions to fully comprehendterminology often used in introduc- Catch (emergency)crop Miscellaneousterms tory crops courses. Thelaboratory exercise did appear Green manurecrop Dormant Weed Pubescent Drill to be effective in improvingstudents’ understandingof Farmingsystems Glabrous Furrow vocabulary,especially that of the studentswith lifelong No-till farming Bootstage Seedfield farmingexperiences. Listing Rosette Male rows Strip cropping Awn Female rows Contour farming Tendril Researchplot Additional index words: Urbanstudents, Rural stu- Terrace Seedling Inoculation dents, Communicationdifficulties, Vocabularydevelop- Broadcastseeding
    [Show full text]
  • Jobreport Mobilmix 2.5-F with Tower Silo
    Jobreport Mobilmix 2.5-F with tower silo Commissioning in record time Situation Solution Marti Holding AG, based in Moosseedorf (Switzerland), was As an optimal solution under the given conditions, Liebherr select- founded in 1922 and is an internationally active Swiss construc- ed together with Marti Holding AG the Mobilmix 2.5-F with a tion group. The group is active in all major construction areas, tower silo for concrete production and a quick start. The concept including civil engineering, road construction, hydraulic engineer- of the Mobilmix 2.5-F is characterized by its folding mechanism ing, as well as refurbishment and repairs. In tunnel construction, and the integrated assemblies and components such as steel Marti is even one of the world leaders. The Group comprises foundations, control containers as well as mixer and weighing around 80 regional and international independent subsidiaries platforms. Together with the new cladding, the plant including the and employs around 6.000 workers worldwide. tower silo was installed on the site within 4 days. With the new Liebherr twin-shaft mixer, the plant achieves a theoretical output Task of up to 115 m³/h. With the construction of a third tube, the traffic situation around the Gubrist tunnel is to be defused sustainably. For this con- Additional highlights of the plant are the steel fiber dosage close struction project, the Marti Group needs around 225.000 m³ of to the feeding elevator, the cement silos based on a higher level concrete in the tunnel and around 25.000 m³ of opencast con- for the optimum material flow due to a small gradient angle of the crete.
    [Show full text]