5G Mobile Communications for 2020 and Beyond - Vision and Key Enabling Technologies -
EUCNC 2014, Bologna June 2014
Wonil Roh, Ph.D. Vice President & Head of Advanced Communications Lab DMC R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Corp. Table of Contents
2 5G Vision & Key Requirements
3 Mobile Trend 5G Vision
Mobile Mobile Mobile Things
Connections[1] Data Traffic[1] Cloud Traffic[2] Connected[3]
10.2Bn 15.9EB 70% 50Bn
Percent 35%
7Bn 1.5EB Devices 12.5Bn
Connections Bytes/Month 2013 2018 2013 2018 2013 2020 2010 2020 Year Year Year Year
[1] VNI Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast 2013-2018, Cisco, 2014 [2] The Mobile Economy, GSMA, 2014 [3] Internet of Things, Cisco, 2013 EB (Exa Bytes) = 1,000,000 TB (Tera Bytes) 4 5G Service Vision 5G Vision
Everything Immersive Ubiquitous Intuitive on Cloud Experience Connectivity Remote Access
Desktop-like experience Lifelike media An intelligent web of Real-time remote control on the go everywhere connected things of machines
5 Everything on Cloud 5G Vision As-Is To-Be Lagging Cloud Service Instantaneous Cloud Service
Latency : ~ 50 ms[1] Latency : ~ 5 ms Cloud Cloud Service Service
~ 20 min (Worldwide Avg.) ~ 9.6 sec to download HD movie (1.2GB) to download HD movie (1.2GB)
Cloud Service LTE Downlink Requirements for Mobile Cloud Service Initial Access Time* Performance[2] Provider A 82 ms World 7.5 Mbps • E2E NW Latency < 5 ms Desktop Provider B 111 ms Korea 18.6 Mbps HDD[3] Provider C 128 ms America 6.5 Mbps • Data Rate > 1.0 Gbps Access Time 8.5 ms Transfer Rate 1.2 Gbps
* Top 3 Cloud Service Provider measured in Suwon Office (2013) [1] Signals Ahead, AT&T Drive Test Results and Report Preview, 2011 Including connect time and response time [2] The State of LTE, OpenSignal, 2014 6 [3] Seagate ST2000DM001 (2TB, 7200rpm Immersive Experience 5G Vision As-Is To-Be Limited High Quality Experience Constant Ultra High Quality Experience
AR / VR
Hologram 8K UHD 720p HD > 100 users 12 users
Requirements for Immersive Service User Experience LTE Cell Capacity Loading Delay 1.6 sec* Cell Throughput 64 Mbps[1] • E2E NW Latency < 5 ms • Cell Throughput > 10.0 Gbps
* Assuming 720p HD, 1 sec buffering, E2E latency 50ms and TCP connection
[1] 3GPP Submission Package for IMT-Advanced, 3GPP Contribution RP-090939 AR : Augmented Reality Required Bandwidth 720p HD[2] : 5 Mbps 8K UHD[3] : 85 Mbps [2] https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/1722171?hl=en VR : Virtual Reality 7 [3] http://www.nhk.or.jp/strl/publica/rd/rd140/PDF/P12-21.pdf Ubiquitous Connectivity 5G Vision As-Is To-Be Human Centric, Limited Connections An intelligent web of connected things (IoT)
` Home Personal
~ Retail
City, Transportation
Manufacturing
8 Intuitive Remote Access 5G Vision As-Is To-Be Short Range, Limited Control Long Range, Real-time Full Control
Remote Surgery
Control Center
Hazardous Work Remote Driving
9 Overview Key Requirements
Comprehensive Requirements of “New IMT (5G)” in 7 Categories, Dubbed as
Mobility
High Enhanced Future IMT-Adv. IMT IMT-Adv. IMT-2000
New radio local area Low network (RLAN)
1 10 100 1000 10000 50000 Peak Data Rate (Mbit/s)
ITU-R WP5D/TEMP/390-E 10 Key Requirements Ultra Fast Data Transmission Peak Data Rate
Order of Magnitude Improvement in Peak Data Rate
Peak Data Rate > 50 Gbps Data Rate
50 Gbps[1] 50 Gbps More than x50 over 4G
6 Gbps[2]
1 Gbps 1 Gbps[1] 75 Mbps[2] 14 Mbps[1] 384 kbps[2] ‘20 ‘00 ‘07 ‘10 Year [1] Theoretical Peak Data Rate [2] Data Rate of First Commercial Products 11 Key Requirements Superior User Experience Cell Edge Latency Data Rate Uniform Experience of Gbps Speed and Instantaneous Response
1 Gbps Anywhere E2E Latency < 5 msec
50 ms QoE BS Location
5 ms A Tenth of E2E Latency
Cell Edge E2E Latency Air Latency < 1 msec BS Location QoE 10 ms Uniform Experience Regardless of User-location 1 ms A Tenth of Air Latency
Air Latency 12 Massive Connectivity Key Requirements
10 Times More Simultaneous IoT Connections than 4G Simultaneous Connection
Smart Home Smart Manufacturing
` Future
Devices
80 Billion of
Current
Smart Health Smart Retail Number 15 Billion 4 Billion Smart ~ Transportation
2010 2012 2020 Year Smart City Source : Internet of Things by IDATE, 2013 13 Cost Effectiveness Key Requirements
50 Times More Cost Effective than 4G
Cost Efficiency
Traffic Volume Etc. Etc. (12%) ( ∝Operator Cost ) (24%) Backhaul Site Building, Lease(9%) Maintenance 50 Times Higher Rigging (36%) Network (41%) Bits/Cost Electricity Testing (15%) (12%) RAN Personnel Equipment Expenses Operator Revenue (23%) (28%) Time
CAPEX[1] OPEX[2]
[1] Radio Network Sharing – new paradigm for LTE, http://www.telecom-cloud.net/radio-network-sharing-the-new-paradigm [2] Quest for margins: operational cost strategies for mobile operators in Europe, Capgemini Telecom & Media Insights, Issue 42 14 Enabling Technologies : RAN
15 Enabling Technologies : RAN Capacity System Capacity : Determined by Bandwidth, Spectral Efficiency and Areal Reuse
Link Capacity System Capacity Point-to-Point Link with Single Antenna Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
푪 = 푾풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푵푹 Bandwidth
16 Enabling Technologies : RAN Capacity - Bandwidth Most Straightforward Method for Capacity Increase
Bandwidth Increase System Capacity Carrier Aggregation, Higher Frequencies Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
푪 = 푾풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푰푵푹 Bandwidth
17 Enabling Technologies : RAN Capacity - Areal Reuse Use of Various Small Cells for Increase of Areal Reuse
Areal Reuse Increase System Capacity Sectorization, HetNet, Small Cells Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse
푪 = 푾 풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푰푵푹 Bandwidth
18 Enabling Technologies : RAN Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (1/2) Use of MIMO and Advanced Coding & Modulation for Higher Efficiency
Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity MIMO, Adv. Coding and Modulation Spectral Efficiency
Areal Reuse 푹풂풏풌 푺푵푹풂풗품 푪 = 푾 ퟏ + 흀풓 Bandwidth 푵푻푿 풓 19 Enabling Technologies : RAN Capacity - Spectral Efficiency (2/2) New Waveform Design for Exploiting Non-Gaussianity of Channel
Higher Spectral Efficiency System Capacity FQAM (Hybrid Modulation of FSK and QAM) Spectral Efficiency
Non-Gaussian Areal Reuse 푪 > 푪[1] 푵풐풏−푮풂풖풔풔풊풂풏 Bandwidth 퐰퐡퐞퐫퐞 푪 = 푾풍풐품ퟐ ퟏ + 푺푵푹
[1] I. Shomorony, et al., “Worst-Case Additive Noise in Wireless Networks,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 6, June 2013. 20 Enabling Technologies : RAN Enabling Technologies - RAN (1/2) Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements
Technology for Coding/Modulation Advanced
Peak Data Rate Above 6 GHz & Multiple Access MIMO & BF Cell Edge Peak Data Rate Spectral Efficiency & Cell Capacity Data Rate Cell Spectral Increase Cell Edge Enhancement Enhancement Efficiency
Mobility Filter-Bank Multi-Carrier Peak Rate Peak Rate Half Cost Efficiency 1 Gbps 50 Gbps -wavelength FSK QAM Simultaneous Frequency band Connection 4G New higher FQAM Latency frequencies frequencies
BF : Beamforming 21 Enabling Technologies : RAN Enabling Technologies - RAN (2/2) Disruptive RAN Technologies for Significant Performance Enhancements
Enhanced Advanced Interference
Peak Data Rate D2D Small Cell Management Cell Edge Areal Spectral Efficiency Capacity & Cell Edge Cell Edge Data Rate Data Rate Cell Spectral Increase Enhancement Enhancement Efficiency Mobility Wireless backhaul Increased density Cost Efficiency Simultaneous Connection Latency Enhancing areal spectral efficiency Interference alignment No cell boundary
D2D : Device-to-Device 22 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
23 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Wider Bandwidth for 5G Availability of More than 500 MHz Contiguous Spectrum Above 6 GHz
Below 6 GHz Above 6 GHz (Regional Recommendations from ITU) 300 MHz 6 GHz MS, MS, MS, FS, FSS FS, FSS FS, FSS GHz
< 1 GHz 410-430, 470-694/698, [MHz] 694/698-790[1] 25.25 27.5 40.5 42.5 Region 1 1-2 GHz 1300-1400, 1427-1525/1527, [MHz] 1695-1700/1710 27.5 29.5 31.3 33.8 36 40 41 42.5 Region 2 2-3 GHz 2025-2100, 2200-2290, 18.4 [MHz] 2700-3100
3-5 GHz 3300-3400, 3400-4200, 18.1 18.6 27 29.5 38 39.5 Region 3 [MHz] 4400-5000 Current Usage Current Usage 5-6 GHz US : LMDS, FSS US : Fixed P-P System 5150-5925, 5850-6245 MOBILE Primary [MHz] EU : Fixed P-P Link EU : Fixed P-P Link FSS Earth Station Korea : Broadcasting Relay No MOBILE Global Interest Bands for WRC-15 Korea : Maritime Use
[1] WRC-15 AI 1.2 MS : Mobile Service FSS : Fixed Satellite Service LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution Service 24 FS : Fixed Service P-P : Point to Point Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Test Results - Prototype System Overview
World’s First 5G mmWave Mobile Technology (May, 2013)[1]
Adaptive array transceiver technology operating in mmWave frequency bands for outdoor cellular
42 mm 42
25 mm 25
45 mm 5 mm
25 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Test Results - Outdoor Coverage Outdoor Non Line-of-Sight (NLoS) Coverage Tests Block error rate less than 0.01% up to NLoS 200m distance Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
BLER result
Below 0.01% Below 0.1% Below 1% Below 10 % Below 25% Below 50%
Below 75% Below 100%
LoS / NLoS
LoS
NLoS
26 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Test Results - Outdoor to Indoor Penetration Outdoor-to-Indoor Penetration Tests Most signals successfully received by indoor MS from outdoor BS
Wonil Roh, et al., “Millimeter-Wave Beamforming as an Enabling Technology for 5G Cellular Communications: Theoretical Feasibility and Prototype Results,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb. 2014.
27 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz
Test Results - Multi-User Support Carrier Frequency 27.925 GHz Bandwidth 800 MHz Max. Tx Power 37 dBm Multi-User MIMO Tests Beam-width (Half Power) 10o 2.48 Gbps aggregate throughput in MU-MIMO mode Channel Coding LDPC MIMO Configuration 2 x 2
BS RFU
MS RFU 1 MS RFU 2 BS Modem
1.24Gbps 1.24Gbps
MS Modem 1 MS Modem 2
28 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Mobility Device Feasibility - Simulation Analysis Beamforming Array Compensate the Effects of Chassis/Hand/Head Lower power penetration through skin at higher frequencies Chassis / Hand-Held Effect Head Effect
Power Absorption of 1.9 GHz Omni-Antenna w/o head w/ head Bare PCB Package
Penetration depth = 40~45 mm, Average = 0.29, MAX = 1 mW/g Power Absorption of 28 GHz Beamforming Array ① ① ①
Endfire Broadside Beamforming ② ② ② Beamforming ① Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.15, MAX = 90 mW/g ② Penetration depth = 3 mm, Average = 0.016, MAX = 2.11 mW/g
29 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Mobility Device Feasibility - Antenna Implementation 32 Elements Implemented on Mobile Device with “Zero Area” and 360o Coverage
“Zero Area” Design Measurement Results
0 i 16 Element Array ) 0° 45° 10° 60° B -5 20° 75°
d 30°
(
n
i -10
a
d G
e -15
z
i l
a -20 m
r -25
o N -30 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 Angle (deg) < 0.2 mm Negligible Area for Antennas In Edges 16 Element Array 30 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Multi-Cell Analysis Ray-Tracing Simulation in Real City Modeling with Different BS Antenna Heights
Real City (Ottawa) BS Antenna Heights Ray-Tracing
Scenario 1 30 m above Rooftop
Scenario 2 5 m above Rooftop
Scenario 3 10 m above Ground TX RX
31 Recent R&D Results Above 6 GHz Simulated User Experience Simulations are Based on Ray-Tracing in 28 GHz for Multi-Cell Deployment Scenario Total of 10 Small Cell BSs to Provide Coverage of 928 m x 586 m within a Dense Urban City At least 4 Gbps User Throughput Expected Using 1 GHz Bandwidth
Samsung DMC R&D Center, “5G mmWave communications,” YouTube, 21 April 2014. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6dABJBJ4XQ)
32 Enabling Technologies : Network
33 Enabling Technologies : Network Network Evolution Network Evolution for Innovative Services, Lower Cost and Better User Experience
High Capacity
Intelligence Low Latency
34 Enabling Technologies : Network Enabling Technologies - Network Innovative Network Technologies for Enhanced User Experience and Cost Reduction
Multi-RAT Flat Network Mobile SDN Peak Data Rate Interworking Cell Edge E2E Latency Radio Capacity Energy & Cost Efficiency Data Rate Cell Spectral Reduction Enhancement Increase Efficiency
Mobility Central Core Network Controller Cost Efficiency Simultaneous UE Connection Internet 4G 5G eNB Wi-Fi Latency BS UE BS Switch BS Server Server
SDN : Software Defined Network 35 Enabling Technologies : Network Flat Network Direct Access to Internet and Edge Server at BS
Core Network Core Network
Minimize E2E Latency BS BS Reduce OPEX UE UE Internet Internet Reduce Backhaul Bottleneck Server Server BS UE BS Server
36 Enabling Technologies : Network Multi-RAT Interworking Unified Utilization of Heterogeneous Radios in Licensed and Unlicensed Bands
Multi-RAT Server Server Controller Increase Radio Resource Utilization
3G NB Provide Consistent Service 3G NB 4G eNB Wi-Fi Experience 2G BTS 4G 2G TS 5G BS Femto eNB Femto Wi-Fi Minimize Power Consumption
37 Enabling Technologies : Network Mobile SDN Centralized Control of Radio and Network Resource for Flexibility and Scalability
Radio SDN Controller Controller
Maximize Resource Utilization
Expand Network Services
GW UE GW UE Reduce CAPEX/OPEX
BS BS Radio Radio Network Network Packet Control Packet Control Control Control Processor Function Processor Function Function Function
SDN: Software Defined Network GW: Gateway 38 Deployment Scenarios
39 Deployment Scenarios 5G Deployment Scenarios Bird’s Eye View of Chicago
40 Deployment Scenarios 5G Deployment Scenarios Existing 4G Deployments
4G base stations
41 Deployment Scenarios 5G Deployment Scenarios 5G Small Cells Overlayed in 4G Networks Reduced CAPEX/OPEX for initial deployment
5G small cells
42 Deployment Scenarios 5G Deployment Scenarios 5G Standalone System Full capability standalone 5G systems will cover the area of a city
5G macro/pico cells
5G macro/pico cells
43 Global R&D Activities & Timelines
44 Global R&D Activities & Timelines Global R&D Activities Current Global 5G Research Initiatives and Samsung’s Active Engagements EC–Korea Cooperation Agreement on ICT & 5G (6/16), 5G PPP–5G Forum MoU (6/17)
5G IC
ARIB 2020 and Beyond AH
45 Global R&D Activities & Timelines Expected 5G Timelines Standards in 3GPP Rel-14/15, Spectrum Allocation in WRC-19, ITU Approval in 2020
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
WRC WRC-15 WRC-19
Dvlp. of ITU-R Vision EVAL. Meth., Req. Proposal EVAL. Rec.
“IMT for 2020 and beyond ” 3GPP Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17
5G Standards Initial 5G Commercialization
WRC : World Radiocommunications Conferences EVAL. Meth. : Evaluation Methodology Req. : Requirement
ITU-R : International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector EVAL. : Evaluation Dvlp. of Rec. : Development of Recommendation 46 Summary 5G for 2020 and Beyond Key Technologies
• Tech. for Above 6 GHz • Adv. Coding & Modulation • Adv. MIMO & Beamforming • Enhanced D2D • Adv. Small Cell • Interference Management • Flat Network • Multi-RAT Interworking • Mobile SDN
47 Thank You
Copyright © 2014 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. All rights reserved. Samsung is a registered trademark of Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Specifications and designs are subject to change without notice. Non-metric weights and measurements are approximate. All data were deemed correct at time of creation. Samsung is not liable for errors or omissions. All brand, product, service names and logos are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners and are hereby recognized and acknowledged. References
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[8] Azar, Y., Wong, G. N., Wang, K., Mayzus, R., Schulz, J. K., Zhao, H., Gutierrez, F., Hwang, D., Rappaport, T. S., ”28 GHz Propagation Measurements for Outdoor Cellular Communications Using Steerable Beam Antennas in New York City,” Published in the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 9 ~13, 2013.
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