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Index Ackroyd, Peter (Dickens), 48, 49, 51–2, 53, 222, 223, 225, 352; ambivalent attitudes, 56–7, 58, 59–60, 61, 94 218, 221–2; appeal of New World, 217– adaptations: fi lm (Great Expectations), 93, 8, 221, 352; copyright issue and growing (Oliver Twist), 490–1; illustrations as form discontent, 219, 349, 352; Eastern of, 123; stage (Hard Times), 396, (Nicholas Penitentiary, 219, 222, 223–5, 226; Nickleby), 151, (“No Thoroughfare”), 152; impact on Dickens, 216, 227; lessons for (Oliver Twist), 151; see also Allen, David; England, 223; meets US politicians, 219– Bird, Carmel; Burstall, Tim; Carey, Peter; 20; provisions for the poor, 222–3; Noonan, Michael restricted by celebrity, 221; 1867–8 visit, Administrative Reform Association, 171, 11, 60, 153–4, 221 232 American English, 133–4 Ainsworth, William Harrison, 177, 284, American Notes, see America, 1842 visit 285 “Amusements of the People,” 143, 144, All the Year Round, 13, 14, 180, 209; 148, 479 format, 183 anarchy, fear of, 171, 173, 218, 221–2, 226, allegory, use of, 103, 106, 126, 135, 225 243–4, 247, 250–1, 315, 342, 413; see Allen, David (Modest Expectations), 496 also Chartism; Gordon Riots Allingham, William, 181 Andersen, Hans Christian, 38–9 allusions, 335; Arabian Nights, 35, 183–4; Andrews, Lancelot, 405 the Bible, 134–7, 253, 258, 266–7, 271, Andrews, Malcolm, 208 272, 273, 274–5, 396, 397–8, 434–5; Anglo-Catholics, 241–2, 247, 257, 259, Book of Common PrayerCOPYRIGHTED, 135, 160, 223, 275 MATERIAL 255–6, 262; Frankenstein, 93, 248; Annual Register: 1774–6, 251; 1780, 246 Paradise Lost, 21; Pilgrim’s Progress, 106, anti-Catholicism, 241–2, 244, 247, 338, 135, 313, 332; Shakespeare, 137–40, 339, 342 315, 367; Shelley, 41; see also Hogarth, anti-Sabbatarianism, 144, 176, 256, 263, William 266–7, 268–9, 270 Almar, George, 151 anti-triumphalism, 384–5, 386 Altick, Richard D., 192, 193, 204 The Arabian Nights, 35, 183–4 America, 1842 visit: 11, 59–60, 154, 179, aristocratic jobbery, 170, 172, 230, 384–5 349, 352–3; admires Boston, 172–3, 218, Armstrong, Nancy, 189, 481 502 Index Arnold, Matthew, 404 Barrow, Thomas, 5 Ashcroft, Bill, 488 Barthes, Roland, 314, 445, 450 Atkins, John B., 180 Baumgarten, Murray, 207 Auerbach, Nina, 367 Beadnell, George, 7, 41 Austen, Jane, 72, 81 Beadnell, Maria (Mrs. Winter), 7, 35, 40–1, Austin, Henry, 169 47, 53, 57, 58, 194, 377 autobiographical fragment: childhood Beard, Thomas, 176 experience of working life, 18, 21–3; Beckett, Samuel, 487 critical responses to, 24–6, 377, 428; Beeton, Isabella, 190, 196 depiction of parents, 24; focus, 20–4; benevolence, 71, 73, 312, 313; see also integration of personal and fi ctional, 19, sentimental fi ction 26–31; inversion of prison and home, 23; Bentham, Jeremy, 160, 309, 392 misfortunes of John Dickens as frame, Bentley, Richard, 8, 35, 58, 177, 178, 309 20–1; mixed elements, 24; Bentley’s Miscellany, 8, 177–8, 309 preoccupations, 27–8; role of Forster, 18– Bergson, Henri, 404, 410 20, 22; source for Forster’s Life, 18–19, Bhabha, Homi, 487–8 51 Bible, 134–7, 253, 258, 266–7, 271, 272, 273, 274–5, 396, 397–8, 434–5 Bagehot, Walter, 332, 460 Bildungsroman, 73, 75, 91, 370, 372, 374, Baines, P., 66 480 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 112, 479–80 biographers: constraints of, 48–9, 53; Baldrick, Chris, 93 handling annotation, 49; illustrations, 49; “Barbox Brothers,” 213 truth-telling, 55, 60; use of fi ction, 58, Barnaby Rudge, 8, 298; central motifs, 341– 59; see also Ackroyd, Peter; Forster, John; 2; conservative attitudes, 247; Johnson, Edgar; Tomalin, Claire contemporary resonances, 245–6, 247, Bird, Carmel: The Bluebird Café, 496–8 339; domestic sphere, 339, 343, 344, Black, John, 164, 176 346; fear of Chartism, 339–40; Gothic Bleak House, 34, 52, 170, 172, 286–7; motifs, 84–6, 341, 344; infl uence of deconstructive reading, 387–8, 479; Scott, 248, 338, 340, 344; Gothic elements, 86–90, 94; house as interrelationship of private and public, metaphor, 382–3, 384; illustrations, 248, 249–50; lack of resolution, 340, 121–3, 386–7; infection, 381–2, 386; 341; Newgate prison, 340, 342; interdependence of classes, 385–6, 388; paradoxical attitudes, 246–8; progress as law, 290–1; narrative innovations, 77, phantasm, 341; reception, 345; 380–3, 387, 475; New Testament reconciliation, 341; religious enthusiasm, morality, 136–7; opening, 380–1; 342, 343, 345; seeing, 343–4; sources, Romance, 385; spontaneous combustion, 246, 248, 342; sympathy with victims, 467–8; see also aristocratic jobbery; 247, 248, 340; theory of the past, 248, Chancery, Court of; Great Exhibition 249, 345, 346; see also anti-Catholicism; (1851); philanthropy, criticism of capital punishment; Gordon, Lord Bloody Code, 278, 340, 342 George; Gordon Riots; law; Protestant “The Bloomsbury Christening,” 263, 267 Association Board of Health, 169–70 Barrow, Elizabeth, see Dickens, Mrs. John Book of Common Prayer, 135, 160, 223, 255– Barrow, John Henry, 175; see also Mirror of 6, 262 Parliament Booth, M. R., 148 Index 503 Boston, 172–3, 218, 222, 223, 225, 352 Carlyle, Thomas, 33, 199, 235, 342, 345, Boswell, J., 67 457–8; “Chartism” (1839), 248, 339–40, Bowen, John, 85 397; Heroes, Hero-worship, 431; History of Boyle, Mary, 42 the French Revolution, 251–2, 340, 387, Bradbury, Nicola, 374 413; Latter-day Pamphlets, 387; Past and Bradbury and Evans, 12, 182 Present, 397 Brantlinger, Patrick, 286 “Carol philosophy,” 260–1 Brice, A. W., 179 Catholic Emancipation (1829), 176, 245, Briggs, Asa, 170 339 British and Foreign Schools (nonconformist), Cattermole, George, 113 167 centralization, 169–70 British Press, 5, 13–14, 175 Chadwick, Edwin, 163, 169, 172 Brontë, Charlotte, 99, 128 Chancery, Court of, 70, 277, 288–90, 291, Brontë, Emily, 128 380, 381–2, 384; Gothic aspects of, 87 Brooks, Peter, 150, 444 Channing, Dr. W. E., 259 Browne, H. K. (“Phiz”), 107–18, 121–4, Chaplin, Charles, 487 248, 298, 386–7, 377–8; increasing Chapman and Hall, 12, 35, 216, 297 range, 112–13; treatment of space, 107 characters: benevolent, 68, 71; names of, 20, Browning, R., 259 28, 126–7, 316, 393, 428; psychological Buckingham, James S., 133 complexity, 72; quirky and eccentric, 69, Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, 145, 148, 284, 73, 77; see also speech 285, 425 charity, Christian, 178–9, 261, 262–3, “A Bundle of Emigrants’ Letters,” 181 270–1, 272, 273, 309 Bunyan, John (Pilgrim’s Progress), 106, 135, Chartism, 38, 161–2, 178, 246–7, 333, 313, 332 339–40; see also anarchy, fear of Burdett Coutts, Angela, 12, 15, 43–4, 54, Chatham, 4 172, 229, 234, 237, 355 “Cheap Patriotism,” 230 Burke, Edmund, 246, 250, 251 Chennells, A., 234 Burstall, Tim (Great Expectations: Untold Chesterfi eld, Lord, 343 Story), 492–3 Chesterton, G. K., 244, 259–60, 427, 473 Buss, R. W., 298 child labor, 165–6, 170, 333 Butt, John, 476 Childers, Joseph, 183 children as source for fi ction, 6, 75 Callcott, Maria, 241 Children’s Employment Commission, 217 Camden Town, 5 A Child’s History of England, 269: anxieties Camus, Marianne, 188 about anarchy, 243–4; general Canada, 220 characteristics, 241–2; hostility to capital punishment, 33–4, 163, 278, 287–8, monarchs, 243; intermittent publication, 289; “last nights alive,” 284 241; lauds progress, 243; neglected by Cardwell, Margaret, 445 readers, 241; sources and infl uences, 241– Carey, John, 310, 372 3; sympathy with victims, 244; theatrical Carey, Peter (Jack Maggs), 493–6 mode, 244; treatment of Jews, 244 caricature: Cruikshank’s use, 102; chimney sweeps, 39 defi nitions of, 98–9 Chisholm, Caroline, 181, 491 Carlisle, 7th Earl of, 37 Chittick, Kathryn, 178 Carlyle, Jane, 458 cholera, 169, 234 504 Index Christianity: Anglo-Catholics, 241–2, 247, Cooper, Fox, 396 257, 259, 275; “Carol philosophy,” 256, copyright infringement, 147–8, 151–2, 258, 260, 272; change of heart motif, 154, 288 260, 261, 274; Church of England, 255; Cordery, Gareth, 124 Dickens’s faith characterized, 258–9; Courier, 179 distrust of charity system, 262–5; Courvoisier, François, 285, 288 emphasis on Christmas celebration, 260, Coutts, Angela Burdett, 12, 15, 43–4, 54, 261–2, 270, 272; Evangelicals, 257, 270; 172, 229, 234, 237, 355 exemplary Christians, 256, 257, 270–1; Cowper, William, 299, 300 Judaic law and Old Testament, 268–9; Cox, Arthur, 445 knowledge of Bible, 255–6; novels Crewe family, 3–4, 5 infused with New Testament values, 258; The Cricket on the Hearth, 119–20 religious dogma, 34, 265, 267; respect Crimean War: attacks on conduct of, 34, for solemnity, 259; resurrectionist motif, 171, 203, 230–4, 237, 245; initial 274; Sabbatarians, 256, 263, 266–7; support for, 228–9; praise for British selective reader of Bible, 269, 271; troops, 229, 236 shortage of Good Samaritans, 273; “Criminal Courts,” 281 Unitarianism, 258–9 “A Crisis in the Affairs of Mr. John Bull,” Christmas, appeal of, 76 241–2 Christmas books/stories, 11, 113, 154, 270, critical responses to Dickens: by his 271–2, 273 contemporaries, 455–69; postcolonial A Christmas Carol, 11, 145, 166, 225, 413, responses, 486–500; twentieth-century 487 professional responses, 470–85; see also “A Christmas Tree,” 260–1 gender-based criticism Circumlocution Offi ce, 70, 171, 230, 233, Crowe, Catherine (The Night Side of Nature), 288, 407 178 “The City of the Absent,” 256 Cruikshank, George, 98–106; The Bottle “City of London Churches,” 268 (1847), 106, 178; relationship with Clarke, Mrs. Cowden, 42 Dickens, 102–3, 299 Clayton, Jay, 487 Crystal Palace, see Great Exhibition (1851) closure, resistance to, 340, 341, 345 cultural theorists, 147, 154 Cobbett, William, 161 Cunningham, Valentine, 259 Cockney speech, 128, 129 Cockshut, A.