Acacia pendula LC Taxonomic Authority: A.Cunn. ex G.Don Global Assessment Regional Assessment Region: Global Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names Acacia leucophylla Lindl. BALAAR English Racosperma pendulu (A.Cunn. ex G.Don) Pedley BOREE English MYALL English NILYAH English SILVER-LEAF BOREE English TRUE MYALL English WEEPING MYALL English Upper Level Taxonomy Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: FABALES Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name: Plant Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority: General Information Distribution Acacia pendula is native to Australia distributed west of the Great Divide from Emerald in central Queensland south through New South Wales to the Victoria border, with isolated occurrences in the Little Desert area in western Victoria, and far eastern as South Australia. It has been also cultivated extensively within Australia and other countries (Orchard and Wilson 2001). Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 800 Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit: 60 Antarctic Map Status: Depth Australasian Upper limit: Neotropical Lower limit: Oceanian Depth Zones Palearctic Shallow photic Bathyl Hadal Indomalayan Photic Abyssal Nearctic Population Total population size is not known but a recent survey suggests more than 10 mature individuals from a population in New South Wales (MSBP 2010). Latest collections in 2005. Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology A tall tree to 12 m high that grows mainly on floodplains in fertile alluvial clay (and red earth soils in the south), sometimes dominant in woodland and open woodland. Associated species vary greatly within each community, but may include black box Eucalyptus largiflorens, bimble box E. populnea, yarran Acacia homalophylla and brigalow A. harpophylla. System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative Terrestrial Freshwater Nomadic Congregatory/Dispersive Is the species a wild relative of a crop? Marine Migratory Altitudinally migrant Growth From Definition Tree - large Large tree, also termed a Phanerophyte (>1m) Threats The main threats to the species is its occurrence in intensively farmed areas where animals eat the seedlings, allowing little natural regeneration to take place (Moore 2005). Weeping myall occurs mainly within the cropping belt and has consequently been extensively cleared (Boxshall and Jenkyn 2000). The population of A. pendula in the Hunter catchment is listed as an Endangered Population in Part 2 of Schedule 1 of the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act. This community is threatened by by demographic and environmental stochasticity due to its small population size and potentially vulnerable to clearing since all known sites are in private land (NSW Scientific Committee 2005). The stand at Jerrys Plains is part of the community known as "Weeping Myall - Coobah - Scrub Wilga Shrubland of the Hunter Valley". This is listed under Commonwealth legislation as a Critically Endangered Ecological Community and a 98% reduction in the distribution of this community has been observed. Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced) 1.1 Agriculture 1.1.1 Crops 1.1.4 Livestock 8 Changes in native species dynamics 8.3 Prey/food base 9 Intrinsic factors 9.2 Poor recruitment/reproduction/regeneration Conservation Measures It is not certain how well protected this species within the protected areas network. It is not listed as Threatened under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), however a population of this species has been listed as Critically Endangered observing a 98% in the reduction of distribution. The seeds for this species have been collected as part of the Millennium Seed Bank project. Seeds are located at: Wakehurst Place, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (UK) and Mount Annan Botanic Garden, New South Wales (Australia). It is recommended that monitoring is conducted on the state of the habitat since much of the species is distributed in private land and vulnerable to clearing for agriculture. In Place Needed 3 Research actions 3.4 Habitat status 3.5 Threats 4 Habitat and site-based actions 4.4 Protected areas 5 Species-based actions 5.7 Ex situ conservation actions 5.7.2 Genome resource bank Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Australia New South Wales Queensland South Australia Victoria South Africa General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 5 Wetlands (inland)1Unset Suitable 5.1 Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks (includes 1UnsetSuitable waterfalls) 5.2 Wetlands (inland) - Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular 1UnsetSuitable Rivers/Streams/Creeks 5.3 Wetlands (inland) - Shrub Dominated Wetlands1Unset Suitable 5.4 Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands1Unset Suitable 14 Artificial/Terrestrial1Unset Suitable 14.1 Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land1Unset Suitable Species Utilisation Species is not utilised at all Purpose / Type of Use Subsistence National International 12. Handicrafts, jewellery, decorations, curios, etc. 13. Pets/display animals, horticulture 16. Other 6. Other chemicals 9. Construction/structural materials It is cultivated in many countries and used as a street tree or in many other landscape locations. The trees hard, close grain, dark color and heavy weight wood make for an excellent windbreak and has been used to make boomerangs for Aboriginal hunters. The oil from fresh cuts omit a pleasant rich violet fragrance that women placed in there garment drawers. The trees heartwood color of deep chocolate brown to dark toffee orange has drawn the interest of fine wood working craftsman for the manufacturing of furniture (Arid Zones Trees 2010). Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC) Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct? Possibly Extinct Candidate? Rationale for the Red List Assessment A. pendula is a widespread species common on medium to heavy dark riverine soils in New South Wales, Queensland and isolated populations in South Australia and Victoria in Australia. It is also cultivated in other countries. It is not clear whether this species occurs within the protected areas network and some of the isolated populations of this species are listed as Endangered based on an observed decline of 98% in the geographic distribution. However, there is no evidence that the species as a whole has undergone a recent reduction and the species extent of occurrence does not meet the criteria to warrant a Threatened category. Therefore, this species is listed as Least Concern. It is recommended that monitoring of habitat and threats is carried out across its range. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment: Genuine Change Nongenuine Change No Change Genuine (recent) New information Taxonomy Same category Genuine (since first assessment) Knowledge of Criteria Criteria Revisio and criteria Incorrect data used Other Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Unknown Date of Assessment: 10/09/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Malcolm, P. Evaluator(s): Notes: % population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals: Bibliography A.E. Orchard and A.J.G. Wilson, 2001, Mimosaceae, Acacia part 1, Flora of Australia Volume 11A, , ABRS, Canberra Arid Zone Trees, 2010, Arid Zone Trees07-09-2010, , , Arizona Boxshall, B. and Jenkyn, T., 2000, Farm Forestry Species Profile for North Central Victoria. Weeping myall., Natural Heritage Trust, , , Commonwealth of Australia, 1999, Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)10 June 2010, , , Entwisle, T.L., Maslin, B.R., Cowan, R.S. And Court, A.B., 1996, Mimosaceae, Flora of Victoria, N.G. Walsh and T.J. Entwisle, , Inkata Press, Melbourne MSBP, 2010, Millennium Seed Bank Project. Seed Bank Database, , Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, NSW Scientific Committee, 2005, Acacia pendula (a tree) population in the Hunter catchment - Endangered population determination - final., DEC (NSW), , , Sydney.