Type Description Abies Balsamea – Betula Papyrifera – Populus
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Willows of Interior Alaska
1 Willows of Interior Alaska Dominique M. Collet US Fish and Wildlife Service 2004 2 Willows of Interior Alaska Acknowledgements The development of this willow guide has been made possible thanks to funding from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service- Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge - order 70181-12-M692. Funding for printing was made available through a collaborative partnership of Natural Resources, U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Defense; Pacific North- west Research Station, U.S. Forest Service, Department of Agriculture; National Park Service, and Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior; and Bonanza Creek Long Term Ecological Research Program, University of Alaska Fairbanks. The data for the distribution maps were provided by George Argus, Al Batten, Garry Davies, Rob deVelice, and Carolyn Parker. Carol Griswold, George Argus, Les Viereck and Delia Person provided much improvement to the manuscript by their careful editing and suggestions. I want to thank Delia Person, of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, for initiating and following through with the development and printing of this guide. Most of all, I am especially grateful to Pamela Houston whose support made the writing of this guide possible. Any errors or omissions are solely the responsibility of the author. Disclaimer This publication is designed to provide accurate information on willows from interior Alaska. If expert knowledge is required, services of an experienced botanist should be sought. Contents -
A Walk in the Park and Silver Maple, with the Best Features of Each
11. Autumn Blaze Maple (Acer x Freemanii) 16. Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra ) Memorial Tree. This tree is a hybrid cross of red Similar in size to the white oak but has leaves A Walk in the Park and silver maple, with the best features of each. that have 5-11 lobes with pointed tips Freeman maple cultivars typically grow fast and tapered from a broad base. Acorn is 1 inch Nature’s Canopy at have deeply lobed leaves with good structural long, with shallow cup and bitter taste. A Maple Street Park stability, and great fall color (like the red maple). It tree can produce 1,500 acorns annually. Bark grows well in challenging urban conditions. is smooth on young trees, has unbroken Essex Junction, Vermont vertical ridges on older ones. It needs lots of 12. White Pine (Pinus strobus ) A stately tree that is sunlight and is competitive on sandy soils. the only pine in the East with 5 needles in each Not a common city tree because it is difficult bundle. It reaches heights of 140 ft. and lives up to to grow successfully from a seedling. Wildlife 20 years. In pre-revolutionary times they were the love it because of the nutrients its acorns used for ship masts. It is often split into multiple provide. Red oak is a key host of gypsy stems high up due to the feeding of the terminal moths. bud by the white pine weevil ( Pissodes strobe ). Trees with this form are called cabbage pines. 17. Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera ) A pioneer 13. -
Impacts of Moose (Alces Alces) Browsing on Paper Birch (Betula Papyrifera) Mor- Phology and Potential Timber Quality
Silva Fennica 45(2) research articles SILVA FENNICA www.metla.fi/silvafennica · ISSN 0037-5330 The Finnish Society of Forest Science · The Finnish Forest Research Institute Impacts of Moose (Alces alces) Browsing on Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera) Mor- phology and Potential Timber Quality Roy V. Rea Rea, R.V. 2011. Impacts of Moose (Alces alces) browsing on paper birch (Betula papyrifera) morphology and potential timber quality. Silva Fennica 45(2): 227–236. Although moose browsing effects on the growth and morphology of birch are well studied, effects of moose browsing on potential timber quality of birch have received little attention. Here, an assessment was made of the impacts of moose (Alces alces L.) damage to Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) trees from a 20-year old clear cut area in a sub-boreal spruce forest within the Aleza Lake Research Forest, near Prince George, British Columbia, Canada. Specifically, differences in overall tree architecture and in the internal characteristics of trees that had been severely damaged and suppressed by moose winter browsing were compared to birch trees that had not been damaged by moose in this way and were considered free-to- grow. The average stem diameter, number of annular growth rings, and height of stem breaks made by moose on suppressed birches at the point of breakage was 17.9 ± 6.6 mm, 4.6 ± 1.2, and 141.8 ± 32.0 cm, respectively. Stem diameters and the heights above-the-ground of stem breaks made by moose during sequential breakage events were not significantly different (all p ≥ 0.05) from one another. -
Analysis of Growth and Light Interception of Balsam Fir and White Birch Saplings Following Precommercial Thinning D Pothier, a Margolis
Analysis of growth and light interception of balsam fir and white birch saplings following precommercial thinning D Pothier, A Margolis To cite this version: D Pothier, A Margolis. Analysis of growth and light interception of balsam fir and white birch saplings following precommercial thinning. Annales des sciences forestières, INRA/EDP Sciences, 1991, 48 (2), pp.123-132. hal-00882742 HAL Id: hal-00882742 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00882742 Submitted on 1 Jan 1991 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Original article Analysis of growth and light interception of balsam fir and white birch saplings following precommercial thinning D Pothier A Margolis Centre de Recherche en Biologie Forestière, Faculté de Foresterie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4, (418) 656-7120 (Received 14 May 1990; accepted 15 January 1990) Summary — A precommercial thinning was conducted on young balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L) Mill) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) trees. Changes in light environment and growth re- sponse of the trees were followed during the next 2 growing seasons. The relative growth rate (RGR) of thinned balsam firs increased during both the first and the second growing season. -
Deslauriers 1 Cellular Phenology of Annual Ring
Deslauriers 1 Cellular phenology of annual ring formation of Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. in the 2 Québec boreal forest (Canada). 3 4 Annie Deslauriers1, Hubert Morin1 and Yves Begin2 5 6 1Département des sciences fondamentales 7 Université du Québec à Chicoutimi 8 555, boulevard de l’Université 9 Chicoutimi (Québec) Canada G7H 2B1 10 Teléphone: (418) 545-5011 poste 2330 11 Télécopieur : (418) 545-5012 (D.S.F.) 12 13 2 Directeur du Centre d'études nordiques 14 Université Laval 15 Québec (Québec) Canada G1K 7P4 16 Teléphone : (418) 656-3340 17 Télécopieur : (418) 656-2978 18 19 20 e-mail : [email protected] 21 [email protected] 22 [email protected] 23 24 1 Deslauriers 1 Abstract 2 3 Cell formation in growth rings of balsam fir in the boreal forest was studied to describe 4 the timing of ring formation and the development patterns of earlywood and latewood. 5 Wood micro-cores were extracted during the growing season from 1998 to 2000. The 6 micro-cores were stained with cresyl fast violet to facilitate the counting of the number of 7 cells in the radial enlargement, wall thickening phases, and mature cell phases. The 8 periods required to complete these various phases were then estimated. Variations in 9 the beginning of the growing season (May 7-June 7), the earlywood-latewood transition 10 (July 2-July 19) and the end of the growing season (Aug. 20-Sep. 20) were observed. 11 Short cell enlargement durations, of less than a week for earlywood and 5-10 days for 12 latewood, were observed. -
Wood Identification of Commercially Important North American Species of Birch (Betula)
IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 10 (4), 1989: 364-373 WOOD IDENTIFICATION OF COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF BIRCH (BETULA) by Regis B. Miller and Eric Cahow USDA Forest Service. Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53705-2398, U. S. A. Summary The wood anatomy was studied of the key, however, was not incorporated into text four commercially important North American books or later cited by authors. Panshin and species of birch: Betula alleghaniensis, B. De Zeeuw (1970, 1980) and Panchin et al. lenta, B. nigra, and B. papyrifera. Although (1964) grouped five North American tree the wood from these species is fairly homo species of birch and made no mention of geneous. it appears that B. papyrifera can be diagnostic features for species separation. separated from B. nigra; B. alleghaniensis Core et al. (1976, 1979) stated ‘the various and B. lenta, though indistinguishable from birches cannot be separated.’ To determine if each other, can be separated from both B. reliable diagnostic features are present to papyrifera and B. nigra. The diagnostic fea separate species or species groups, we stud tures are as follows: ray width, ray and ray ied the wood anatomy of the following four cell shape as viewed on the tangential longi commercially important North American spe tudinal section, average number of bars per cies of birch: yellow birch, B. alleghaniensis perforation plate, and contents of axial paren Britton (= B. lutea Michx. f.); sweet birch, chyma cells. In addition to these species, two B. lenta L.; river birch, B. nigra L.; and pa commercially important European species (B. -
Conifer Shrubs
Conifer Shrubs Abies balsamea 'Nana' Dwarf Balsam Fir 2Gal Abies balsamea 'Nana' Dwarf Balsam Fir 3Gal Abies balsamea 'Nana' Dwarf Balsam Fir 5Gal Abies balsamea 'Piccolo' Piccolo Dwarf Balsam Fir 2Gal Abies koreana 'Green Carpet' Korean Fir 2Gal Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Coralliformis' Coralliformis False Cypress 10Gal Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Coralliformis' Coralliformis False Cypress 2Gal Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Coralliformis' Coralliformis False Cypress 5Gal Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Nana Gracilis' Nana Gracilis Hinoki Cypress 2Gal Chamaecyparis pisifera filifera 'Sungold' Sungold Thread‐Branch Cypress 2Gal Chamaecyparis pisifera filifera 'Sungold' Sungold Thread‐Branch Cypress 3Gal Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Golden Mops' Golden Mops 2Gal Juniperus chinensis 'Mint Julep' ‐ Monlet Mint Julep Juniper 1Gal Juniperus chinensis 'Old Gold' Old Gold Chinese Juniper 2Gal Juniperus horizontalis 'Limeglow' Limeglow Juniper 2Gal Juniperus horizontalis 'Wiltonii' Blue Rug Juniper 2Gal Juniperus sabina 'Tamariscifolia' Tamarix Juniper 1Gal Picea abies 'Little Gem' Little Gem Norway Spruce 2Gal Picea abies 'Mucronata' Mucronata Norway Spruce 2Gal Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Nest Spruce 10Gal Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Nest Spruce 2Gal Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Nest Spruce 3Gal Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Nest Spruce 5Gal Picea abies 'Nidiformis' Nest Spruce 7Gal Picea abies 'Ohlendorfii' Ohlendorf Norway Spruce 10Gal Picea abies 'Ohlendorfii' Ohlendorf Norway Spruce 2Gal Picea abies 'Ohlendorfii' Ohlendorf Norway Spruce 3Gal Picea abies 'Ohlendorfii' Ohlendorf Norway Spruce 7Gal Picea abies 'Pumila' Dwarf Norway Spruce 2Gal Picea abies 'Tompa' Tompa Dwarf Spruce 2Gal Picea glauca 'Albertiana Conica' Dwarf Alberta Spruce 10Gal Picea glauca 'Albertiana Conica' Dwarf Alberta Spruce 2Gal Picea glauca 'Albertiana Conica' Dwarf Alberta Spruce 5Gal Picea pungens 'Pin Cushion' Colorado Spruce 2Gal Picea sitchensis 'Papoose' Dwarf Sitka Spruce 1Gal Pinus mugo 'Pumilio' Dwarf Swiss Mtn. -
Wetland Forest Habitat Type Classification System for Northern
(Photo from Department of Natural Resources Archives) Region 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Region 2 encompasses Bayfield and Douglas Counties. The entire region was glaciated during the last part of the Wisconsin Glaciation. It can be characterized by four distinct ecological landscapes: the Superior Coastal (Clay Plain) bordering Lake Superior and extending to a maximum of 15 miles inland, the Northwest Sands extending across the region in a belt of outwash sands and gravel from southwest to northeast, the North Central Forest, and Northwest Lowlands. Region 2: Bayfield and Douglas Counties Section 3: Region 2 • 2-1 (Photo from Kemp Natural Resources Station Archives) This region, with its variety of landscapes, has a mix of forested wetlands as a reflection of it variety in soils and landscape. Boreal swamp conifer (balsam, cedar, black spruce) exist on the clay, nutrient poor peatland of black spruce and tamarack on the sandy outwash and some black ash swamps on deep organic muck soils. WETLAND FOREST HABITAT TYPES OF REGION 2 PmLLe • Picea-Larix/Ledum • Black Spruce-Tamarack/Labrador Tea PmLNe • Picea-Larix/Nemopanthus • Black Spruce-Tamarack/Mountain Holly ThAbFnIx • Thuja-Abies-Fraxinus/Ilex • Northern White Cedar-Balsam Fir-Black Ash/ Winterberry FnAbI • Fraxinus-Abies/Impatiens • Black Ash-Balsam Fir/Spotted Touch-me-not Section 3: Region 2 • 2-2 REGION 2 Key to Wetland Habitat Types (Scientific Names) 1 Two or more present: Rubus pubescens • Onoclea sensibilis • Caltha palustris • Athyrium filix-femina • Fraxinus nigra YES NO 2 3 Any of These these present: dominant or Athyrium filix-femina common: Ribes spp. Sphagnum spp. Arisaema spp. -
2020 Spring Planting Guide
2020 Spring Planting Guide White Pine Pinus strobus 7-15” 2-2 TP Fast growing, tolerant of shade and a wide range of soils. The largest conifer in Wisconsin, it is extremely hardy and can reach a mature height of 120 feet. Young pine stands provide winter cover for deer and birds. Cones are 4-8 inches long and needles are about 3-5 inches long and clustered in groups of five. Balsam Fir Abies balsamea 12-16” 2-3 TP A traditional Christmas Tree with excellent fragrance and good needle retention. Prefers well-drained, acidic, moist soil. Full to partial sun. Black Hills Spruce Picea glauca densata 7-15” 2-3 TP Grows over 35 feet tall. Short, stiff dark green needles and a spicy scent. Extremely hardy, withstanding heat, and dry growing conditions. Used as ornamental, windbreak, or as a Christmas tree. Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra Large, fast growing native tree with reddish fall color. Grows as much as two feet a year the first ten years in optimal conditions. Tree shape is broad and rounded, a popular shade tree with dense foliage. Excellent for wildlife planting. Matures to 60-75’ in height. Burr Oak Quercus macrocarpa 2-3’ Does well in a variety of soil conditions. Noted for its corky branches. Leaf color is dark green in summer, and yellow to yellowish brown in fall. Canoe Birch Betula papyrifera 24-36” Prefers well-drained soils, sand and gravel. Reaches mature height of 50-70 feet. Fast-growing with light yellow-green leaves when young, becoming mid-green with lighter undersides. -
Abies Balsamea Native to Maine Balsam Fir, Upland Eastern Fir Forests
Abies balsamea Native to Maine Balsam Fir, Upland Eastern Fir Forests Leaves Plant Keith Kanoti, Maine Forest Service Look for flat, whorled needles that up to 3 cm long. Look for a small to medium evergreen tree up to 20 m They have 2 white “racing stripes” on the undersides. tall. Lower brances droop to the ground. In a dense Look closely at how the needles attach to the twig. stands, many of the lower branches are dead. Needles attach like suction cups directly to the twig. Stem Keith Kanoti, Maine Forest Service Look for smooth grey bark on young trees that has Vital Signs user "WonderWHY" blisters full of resin. Older bark is brown,rough, and scaly. Twigs are stiff. Seasonal Change Similar Species It is easy to confuse balsam fir and hemlock. To tell them apart, look at how the needle attaches to the twig. Fir needles attach like a suction cup. Hemlock needles attach with a small stem. Fir twigs are stiff while hemlock twigs are flexible. Yew needles do not have stripes. Fun Fact The Balsam fir is commonly used for Christmas trees, grown commercially on tree farms. Its resin has been used as a glue and as a cold remedy. Balsam fir is one of the major food supplies for moose in the winter. US Fish & Wildlife Service New cones are up to 8 cm long and are purplish, turning brown as they ripen. They release winged seeds in September. Researched and created by: Sue Donaldson & Sarah Morrissea Help us improve this species card! Contact us with your updates. -
Tree Sale 2018.Xlsx
Contact: Jeannie Bartlett Franklin County Natural Resources Conservation District Pick‐up: Saturday May 5th 802‐528‐4176 Franklin County Field Days [email protected] 2018 Tree Sale Order Form 294 Airport Road, Highgate updated 3/1/2018 Botanical name Name Source Size Unit Price Number Total Price Bare‐root: Habitat‐quality deciduous Other sizes may be available. Call to inquire. * Acer rubrum Red Maple VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Acer saccharinum Silver Maple VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ All orders must be * Acer saccharum Sugar Maple VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Amelanchier canadensis Serviceberry VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Aronia melanocarpa Black Chokeberry VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Betula alleghaniensis Yellow Birch VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Cornus sericea Red Osier Dogwood VT 2‐3 ft Sale! $6.00 $ * Ilex verticillata Winterberry VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ received by * Juglans cinerea Butternut VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Juglans nigra Black Walnut VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Larix laricina Larch (Tamarack) VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Prunus virginiana Choke Cherry VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ March 16th * Quercus bicolor Swamp White Oak VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Quercus rubra Red Oak VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ * Salix spp. Shrub, 5 spp Willow VT 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ . * Sambucus canadensis American Elderberry VT crown, 1‐3 ft $9.00 $ Availability is running low * Viburnum trilobum Highbush Cranberry VT 2‐3 ft Sale! $6.00 $ Bare‐root: Domesticated fruits, nuts and flowers Malus domestica Cortland Apple NY 1/2" diam $28.00 $ Malus domestica Dayton Apple VT 3‐4 ft $28.00 $ Malus domestica Liberty Apple NY 1/2" diam $28.00 $ Malus domestica Macintosh Apple NY 1/2" diam $28.00 $ Malus domestica Zabergau Apple VT 3‐4 ft $28.00 $ , Vaccinium cyanococcus pair of Bluecrop & Duke Blueberries NJ 3 yr 18/24" $22.00 $ so be aware that we Sambucus domesticated Elderberry MA crown, 1‐3 ft $14.00 $ Vitis labrusca Concord Grapes NY 1 ft $4.00 $ Corylus hybrid Hazelnut VT 3 ft $14.00 $ Syringa vulgaris Lilac NY 2‐3 ft $9.00 $ Prunus persica Reliance Peach NY 1/4" diam, 3‐4 ft $28.00 $ Rubus idaeus Encore (summer) Raspberries MA rooted cutting $9.00 $ items. -
Non-Wood Forest Products Based on Extractives- a New Opportunity for Canadian Forest Industry Part 2- Softwood Forest Species
Journal of Food Research; Vol. 2, No. 5; 2013 ISSN 1927-0887 E-ISSN 1927-0895 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Non-Wood Forest Products Based on Extractives- A New Opportunity for Canadian Forest Industry Part 2- Softwood Forest Species Mariana Royer1,2, Robert Houde3 & Tatjana Stevanovic1,2 1 Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, 2425 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec G1V0A6, Canada 2 Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec 3 Agro-Kimika Concepts, 626 Strathmore Blvd Dorval, Québec H9P 2A2, Canada Correspondence: Tatjana Stevanovic, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval. Tel: 1-418-656-2131 ext. 7337. E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 31, 2013 Accepted: September 10, 2013 Online Published: September 20, 2013 doi:10.5539/jfr.v2n5p164 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n5p164 Abstract Forest resources are among the most important of Canada (in the case of Quebec, nearly 90% of the territory). Innovation represents an essential challenge for the Canadian forest industry, which is presently undergoing major changes towards finding new solutions for recovery. The processing of forest biomass has become increasingly relevant along with the popular concept of biorefineries. This concept should include the development of novel technologies based on forest extractives. Bioactive molecules are readily available through eco-friendly extraction processes using various types of forest residues including barks which are generated in significant quantities by the industry. This literature review offers a glimpse into the softwood boreal forest with a particular focus on industrial species.